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Chapter 20. Connectors and APIs

Table of Contents

20.1. MySQL Connector/ODBC
20.1.1. Connector/ODBC Versions
20.1.2. Connector/ODBC Introduction
20.1.3. Connector/ODBC Installation
20.1.4. Connector/ODBC Configuration
20.1.5. Connector/ODBC Examples
20.1.6. Connector/ODBC Reference
20.1.7. Connector/ODBC Notes and Tips
20.1.8. Connector/ODBC Support
20.2. MySQL Connector/NET
20.2.1. Connector/NET Versions
20.2.2. Connector/NET Installation
20.2.3. Connector/NET Visual Studio Integration
20.2.4. Connector/NET Tutorials
20.2.5. Connector/NET Programming
20.2.6. Connector/NET Connection String Options Reference
20.2.7. Connector/NET API Reference
20.2.8. Connector/NET Support
20.2.9. Connector/NET FAQ
20.3. MySQL Connector/J
20.3.1. Connector/J Versions
20.3.2. Connector/J Installation
20.3.3. Connector/J Examples
20.3.4. Connector/J (JDBC) Reference
20.3.5. Connector/J Notes and Tips
20.3.6. Connector/J Support
20.4. MySQL Connector/MXJ
20.4.1. Connector/MXJ Overview
20.4.2. Connector/MXJ Versions
20.4.3. Connector/MXJ Installation
20.4.4. Connector/MXJ Configuration
20.4.5. Connector/MXJ Reference
20.4.6. Connector/MXJ Notes and Tips
20.4.7. Connector/MXJ Support
20.5. MySQL Connector/C
20.5.1. Building MySQL Connector/C from the Source Code
20.5.2. Testing MySQL Connector/C
20.5.3. MySQL Connector/C FAQ
20.6. MySQL Connector/OpenOffice.org
20.6.1. Installation
20.6.2. Getting Started: Connecting to MySQL
20.6.3. Getting Started: Usage Examples
20.6.4. References
20.6.5. Known Bugs
20.6.6. Contact
20.7. libmysqld, the Embedded MySQL Server Library
20.8. MySQL C API
20.8.1. C API Data Types
20.8.2. C API Function Overview
20.8.3. C API Function Descriptions
20.8.4. C API Prepared Statements
20.8.5. C API Prepared Statement Data types
20.8.6. C API Prepared Statement Function Overview
20.8.7. C API Prepared Statement Function Descriptions
20.8.8. C API Threaded Function Descriptions
20.8.9. C API Embedded Server Function Descriptions
20.8.10. Common Questions and Problems When Using the C API
20.8.11. Controlling Automatic Reconnection Behavior
20.8.12. C API Support for Multiple Statement Execution
20.8.13. C API Prepared Statement Problems
20.8.14. C API Prepared Statement Handling of Date and Time Values
20.8.15. C API Support for Prepared CALL Statements
20.8.16. Building Client Programs
20.9. MySQL PHP API
20.9.1. MySQL
20.9.2. MySQL Improved Extension (Mysqli)
20.9.3. MySQL Native Driver (Mysqlnd)
20.9.4. MySQL Functions (PDO_MYSQL)
20.9.5. Connector/PHP
20.9.6. Common Problems with MySQL and PHP
20.9.7. Enabling Both mysql and mysqli in PHP
20.10. MySQL Perl API
20.11. MySQL C++ API
20.12. MySQL Python API
20.13. MySQL Ruby APIs
20.13.1. The MySQL/Ruby API
20.13.2. The Ruby/MySQL API
20.14. MySQL Tcl API
20.15. MySQL Eiffel Wrapper

MySQL Connectors provide connectivity to the MySQL server for client programs. APIs provide low-level access to the MySQL protocol and MySQL resources. Both Connectors and the APIs enable you to connect and execute MySQL statements from another language or environment, including Java (JDBC), ODBC, Perl, Python, PHP, Ruby, and native C and embedded MySQL instances.

Note

Connector version numbers do not correlate with MySQL Server version numbers. See also Table 20.2, “MySQL Connector Versions and MySQL Server Versions”.

A number of connectors are developed by MySQL:

  • Connector/ODBC provides driver support for connecting to a MySQL server using the Open Database Connectivity (ODBC) API. Support is available for ODBC connectivity from Windows, Unix and Mac OS X platforms.

  • Connector/NET enables developers to create .NET applications that use data stored in a MySQL database. Connector/NET implement a fully functional ADO.NET interface and provides support for use with ADO.NET aware tools. Applications that want to use Connector/NET can be written in any of the supported .NET languages.

    The MySQL Visual Studio Plugin works with Connector/NET and Visual Studio 2005. The plugin is a MySQL DDEX Provider, which means that you can use the schema and data manipulation tools within Visual Studio to create and edit objects within a MySQL database.

  • Connector/J provides driver support for connecting to MySQL from a Java application using the standard Java Database Connectivity (JDBC) API.

  • Connector/MXJ is a tool that enables easy deployment and management of MySQL server and database through your Java application.

  • Connector/C++ is a tool that enables easy deployment and management of MySQL server and database through your C++ application.

  • Connector/C is a stand-alone replacement for the MySQL Client Library (libmysql).

  • Connector/OpenOffice.org is a tool that enables OpenOffice.org applications to connect to MySQL server.

There are two direct access methods for using MySQL natively within a C application:

  • The C API provides low-level access to the MySQL protocol through the libmysql client library; this is the primary method used to connect to an instance of the MySQL server, and is used both by MySQL command line clients and many of the APIs also detailed in this section. MySQL Connector/C can now also be used for this purpose.

  • libmysqld is an embedded MySQL server library that enables you to embed an instance of the MySQL server into your C applications.

If you need to access MySQL from a C application, or build an interface to MySQL for a language not supported by the Connectors or APIs in this chapter, the C API is where you would start. A number of programmers utilities are available to help with the process, and also covered in this section.

The remaining APIs provide an interface to MySQL from specific application langauges. These solutions are not developed or supported by MySQL. Basic information on their usage and abilities is provided here for reference purposes only.

All the language APIs are developed using one of two methods, using libmysql or by building a native driver. The two solutions offer different benefits:

  • Using libmysql offers complete compatibility with MySQL as it uses the same libraries as the MySQL client applications. However, the feature set is limited to the implementation and interfaces exposed through libmysql and the performance may be lower as data is copied between the native langiage, and the MySQL API components. MySQL Connector/C is a possible alternative to using libmysql.

  • Native drivers are an implementation of the MySQL network protocol entirely within the host language or environment. Native drivers are fast, as there is less copying of data between components, and they can offer advanced functionality not available through the standard MySQL API. Native drivers are also easier to build and deploy, as you do not need a copy of the MySQL client libraries to build the native driver components.

A list of many of the libraries and interfaces available for MySQL are shown in the table. See Table 20.1, “MySQL APIs and Interfaces”.

Table 20.1. MySQL APIs and Interfaces

EnvironmentAPITypeNotes
AdaMySQL Bindings for GNU AdalibmysqlSee MySQL Bindings for GNU Ada
CConnector/CReplacement for libmysqlSee Section 20.5, “MySQL Connector/C”.
C++Connector/C++libmysqlSee MySQL Connector/C++.
 MySQL++libmysqlSee Section 20.11, “MySQL C++ API”.
 MySQL wrappedlibmysqlSee MySQL wrapped.
CocoaMySQL-CocoalibmysqlCompatible with the Objective-C Cocoa environment. See http://mysql-cocoa.sourceforge.net/
DMySQL for DlibmysqlSee MySQL for D.
EiffelEiffel MySQLlibmysqlSee Section 20.15, “MySQL Eiffel Wrapper”.
Erlangerlang-mysql-driverlibmysqlSee erlang-mysql-driver.
HaskellHaskell MySQL BindingsNative DriverSee Brian O'Sullivan's pure Haskell MySQL bindings.
 hsql-mysqllibmysqlSee MySQL driver for Haskell .
Java/JDBCConnector/JNative DriverSee Section 20.3, “MySQL Connector/J”.
KayaMyDBlibmysqlSee MyDB.
LuaLuaSQLlibmysqlSee LuaSQL.
.NET/MonoConnector/NETNative DriverSee Section 20.2, “MySQL Connector/NET”.
Objective CamlMySQL Bindings for OBjective CamllibmysqlSee MySQL Bindings for Objective Caml.
OctaveDatabase bindings for GNU OctavelibmysqlSee Database bindings for GNU Octave.
ODBCConnector/ODBClibmysqlSee Section 20.1, “MySQL Connector/ODBC”.
OpenOfficeMySQL Connector/OpenOffice.orglibmysqlDirect connectivity, without using JDBC/ODBC. See Section 20.6, “MySQL Connector/OpenOffice.org”.
PerlDBI/DBD::mysqllibmysqlSee Section 20.10, “MySQL Perl API”.
 Net::MySQLNative DriverSee Net::MySQL at CPAN
PHPmysql, ext/mysql interface (deprecated)libmysqlSee Section 20.9.1, “MySQL”.
 mysqli, ext/mysqli interfacelibmysqlSee Section 20.9.2, “MySQL Improved Extension (Mysqli)”.
 PDO_MYSQLlibmysqlSee Section 20.9.4, “MySQL Functions (PDO_MYSQL)”.
 PDO mysqlndNative DriverSee PHP PDO mysqlnd.
PythonMySQLdblibmysqlSee Section 20.12, “MySQL Python API”.
RubyMySQL/RubylibmysqlUses libmysql. See Section 20.13.1, “The MySQL/Ruby API”.
 Ruby/MySQLNative DriverSee Section 20.13.2, “The Ruby/MySQL API”.
SchemeMyscshlibmysqlSee Myscsh.
SPLsql_mysqllibmysqlSee sql_mysql for SPL.
TclMySQLtcllibmysqlSee Section 20.14, “MySQL Tcl API”.

Table 20.2. MySQL Connector Versions and MySQL Server Versions

ConnectorConnector versionMySQL Server version
Connector/C++1.0.5 GA5.1, 5.4
Connector/OpenOffice.org1.0 GA5.0, 5.1, 5.4
Connector/J5.1.84.1, 5.0, 5.1, 5.4
Connector/NET1.0 (No longer supported)4.0, 5.0
Connector/NET5.25.0, 5.1, 5.4
Connector/NET6.05.0, 5.1, 5.4
Connector/NET6.15.0, 5.1, 5.4
Connector/ODBC3.51 (Unicode not supported)4.1, 5.0, 5.1, 5.4
Connector/ODBC5.14.1, 5.0, 5.1, 5.4

20.1. MySQL Connector/ODBC

The MySQL Connector/ODBC is the name for the family of MySQL ODBC drivers (previously called MyODBC drivers) that provide access to a MySQL database using the industry standard Open Database Connectivity (ODBC) API. This reference covers Connector/ODBC 3.51 and Connector/ODBC 5.1. Both releases provide an ODBC compliant interface to MySQL Server.

MySQL Connector/ODBC provides both driver-manager based and native interfaces to the MySQL database, which full support for MySQL functionality, including stored procedures, transactions and, with Connector/ODBC 5.1, full Unicode compliance.

For more information on the ODBC API standard and how to use it, refer to http://support.microsoft.com/kb/110093.

The application development part of this reference assumes a good working knowledge of C, general DBMS knowledge, and finally, but not least, familiarity with MySQL. For more information about MySQL functionality and its syntax, refer to http://dev.mysql.com/doc/.

Typically, you need to install Connector/ODBC only on Windows machines. For Unix and Mac OS X you can use the native MySQL network or named pipe to communicate with your MySQL database. You may need Connector/ODBC for Unix or Mac OS X if you have an application that requires an ODBC interface to communicate with the database. Applications that require ODBC to communicate with MySQL include ColdFusion, Microsoft Office, and Filemaker Pro.

Key topics:

MySQL Enterprise MySQL Enterprise subscribers will find more information about MySQL and ODBC in the Knowledge Base articles about ODBC. Access to the MySQL Knowledge Base collection of articles is one of the advantages of subscribing to MySQL Enterprise. For more information, see http://www.mysql.com/products/enterprise/advisors.html.

20.1.1. Connector/ODBC Versions

There are currently two version of Connector/ODBC available:

  • Connector/ODBC 5.1, currently in GA status, is a partial rewrite of the of the 3.51 code base and is designed to work with all versions of MySQL from 4.1.

    Connector/ODBC 5.1 also includes the following changes and improvements over the 3.51 release:

    • Improved support on Windows 64-bit platforms.

    • Full Unicode support at the driver level. This includes support for the SQL_WCHAR datatype, and support for Unicode login, password and DSN configurations. For more information,. see Microsoft Knowledgebase Article #716246.

    • Support for the SQL_NUMERIC_STRUCT datatype, which provides easier access to the precise definition of numeric values. For more information, see Microsoft Knowledgebase Article #714556

    • Native Windows setup library. This replaces the Qt library based interface for configuring DSN information within the ODBC Data Sources application.

    • Support for the ODBC descriptor, which improves the handling and metadata of columns and parameter data. For more information, see Microsoft Knowledgebase Article #716339.

  • Connector/ODBC 3.51 is the current release of the 32-bit ODBC driver, also known as the MySQL ODBC 3.51 driver. Connector/ODBC 3.51 has support for ODBC 3.5x specification level 1 (complete core API + level 2 features) in order to continue to provide all functionality of ODBC for accessing MySQL.

The manual for versions of Connector/ODBC older than 3.51 can be located in the corresponding binary or source distribution. Please note that versions of Connector/ODBC earlier than the 3.51 revision were not fully compliant with the ODBC specification.

Note

Development on Connector/ODBC 5.0 was stopped due to development issues. Connector/ODBC 5.1 is now the current development release.

Note

From this section onward, the primary focus of this guide is the Connector/ODBC 3.51 and Connector/ODBC 5.1 drivers.

Note

Version numbers for MySQL products are formatted as X.X.X. However, Windows tools (Control Panel, properties display) may show the version numbers as XX.XX.XX. For example, the official MySQL formatted version number 5.0.9 may be displayed by Windows tools as 5.00.09. The two versions are the same; only the number display format is different.

20.1.2. Connector/ODBC Introduction

ODBC (Open Database Connectivity) provides a way for client programs to access a wide range of databases or data sources. ODBC is a standardized API that allows connections to SQL database servers. It was developed according to the specifications of the SQL Access Group and defines a set of function calls, error codes, and data types that can be used to develop database-independent applications. ODBC usually is used when database independence or simultaneous access to different data sources is required.

For more information about ODBC, refer to http://support.microsoft.com/kb/110093.

20.1.2.1. General Information About ODBC and Connector/ODBC

Open Database Connectivity (ODBC) is a widely accepted application-programming interface (API) for database access. It is based on the Call-Level Interface (CLI) specifications from X/Open and ISO/IEC for database APIs and uses Structured Query Language (SQL) as its database access language.

A survey of ODBC functions supported by Connector/ODBC is given at Section 20.1.6.1, “Connector/ODBC API Reference”. For general information about ODBC, see http://support.microsoft.com/kb/110093.

20.1.2.1.1. Connector/ODBC Architecture

The Connector/ODBC architecture is based on five components, as shown in the following diagram:

Connector/ODBC Architecture
  • Application:

    The Application uses the ODBC API to access the data from the MySQL server. The ODBC API in turn uses the communicates with the Driver Manager. The Application communicates with the Driver Manager using the standard ODBC calls. The Application does not care where the data is stored, how it is stored, or even how the system is configured to access the data. It needs to know only the Data Source Name (DSN).

    A number of tasks are common to all applications, no matter how they use ODBC. These tasks are:

    • Selecting the MySQL server and connecting to it

    • Submitting SQL statements for execution

    • Retrieving results (if any)

    • Processing errors

    • Committing or rolling back the transaction enclosing the SQL statement

    • Disconnecting from the MySQL server

    Because most data access work is done with SQL, the primary tasks for applications that use ODBC are submitting SQL statements and retrieving any results generated by those statements.

  • Driver manager:

    The Driver Manager is a library that manages communication between application and driver or drivers. It performs the following tasks:

    • Resolves Data Source Names (DSN). The DSN is a configuration string that identifies a given database driver, database, database host and optionally authentication information that enables an ODBC application to connect to a database using a standardized reference.

      Because the database connectivity information is identified by the DSN, any ODBC compliant application can connect to the data source using the same DSN reference. This eliminates the need to separately configure each application that needs access to a given database; instead you instruct the application to use a pre-configured DSN.

    • Loading and unloading of the driver required to access a specific database as defined within the DSN. For example, if you have configured a DSN that connects to a MySQL database then the driver manager will load the Connector/ODBC driver to enable the ODBC API to communicate with the MySQL host.

    • Processes ODBC function calls or passes them to the driver for processing.

  • Connector/ODBC Driver:

    The Connector/ODBC driver is a library that implements the functions supported by the ODBC API. It processes ODBC function calls, submits SQL requests to MySQL server, and returns results back to the application. If necessary, the driver modifies an application's request so that the request conforms to syntax supported by MySQL.

  • DSN Configuration:

    The ODBC configuration file stores the driver and database information required to connect to the server. It is used by the Driver Manager to determine which driver to be loaded according to the definition in the DSN. The driver uses this to read connection parameters based on the DSN specified. For more information, Section 20.1.4, “Connector/ODBC Configuration”.

  • MySQL Server:

    The MySQL database where the information is stored. The database is used as the source of the data (during queries) and the destination for data (during inserts and updates).

20.1.2.1.2. ODBC Driver Managers

An ODBC Driver Manager is a library that manages communication between the ODBC-aware application and any drivers. Its main functionality includes:

  • Resolving Data Source Names (DSN).

  • Driver loading and unloading.

  • Processing ODBC function calls or passing them to the driver.

Both Windows and Mac OS X include ODBC driver managers with the operating system. Most ODBC Driver Manager implementations also include an administration application that makes the configuration of DSN and drivers easier. Examples and information on these managers, including Unix ODBC driver managers are listed below:

  • Microsoft Windows ODBC Driver Manager (odbc32.dll), http://support.microsoft.com/kb/110093.

  • Mac OS X includes ODBC Administrator, a GUI application that provides a simpler configuration mechanism for the Unix iODBC Driver Manager. You can configure DSN and driver information either through ODBC Administrator or through the iODBC configuration files. This also means that you can test ODBC Administrator configurations using the iodbctest command. http://www.apple.com.

  • unixODBC Driver Manager for Unix (libodbc.so). See http://www.unixodbc.org, for more information. The unixODBC Driver Manager includes the Connector/ODBC driver 3.51 in the installation package, starting with version unixODBC 2.1.2.

  • iODBC ODBC Driver Manager for Unix (libiodbc.so), see http://www.iodbc.org, for more information.

20.1.3. Connector/ODBC Installation

You can install the Connector/ODBC drivers using two different methods, a binary installation and a source installation. The binary installation is the easiest and most straightforward method of installation. Using the source installation methods should only be necessary on platforms where a binary installation package is not available, or in situations where you want to customize or modify the installation process or Connector/ODBC drivers before installation.

Where to Get Connector/ODBC

Sun Microsystems, Inc distributes its MySQL products under the General Public License (GPL). You can get a copy of the latest version of Connector/ODBC binaries and sources from our Web site at http://dev.mysql.com/downloads/connector/odbc/.

For more information about Connector/ODBC, visit http://www.mysql.com/products/myodbc/.

For more information about licensing, visit http://www.mysql.com/company/legal/licensing/.

Supported Platforms

Connector/ODBC can be used on all major platforms supported by MySQL. You can install it on:

  • Windows 95, 98, Me, NT, 2000, XP, and 2003

  • All Unix-like Operating Systems, including: AIX, Amiga, BSDI, DEC, FreeBSD, HP-UX 10/11, Linux, NetBSD, OpenBSD, OS/2, SGI Irix, Solaris, SunOS, SCO OpenServer, SCO UnixWare, Tru64 Unix

  • Mac OS X and Mac OS X Server

Using a binary distribution offers the most straightforward method for installing Connector/ODBC. If you want more control over the driver, the installation location and or to customize elements of the driver you will need to build and install from the source.

If a binary distribution is not available for a particular platform build the driver from the original source code. You can contribute the binaries you create to MySQL by sending a mail message to , so that it becomes available for other users.

Note

On all non-Windows platforms except Mac OS X, the driver is built against unixODBC and is expecting a 2-byte SQLWCHAR, not 4 bytes as iODBC is using. For this reason, the binaries are only compatible with unixODBC and you will need to recompile the driver against iODBC if you wish to use them together. For further information see Section 20.1.2.1.2, “ODBC Driver Managers”.

For further instructions:

20.1.3.1. Installing Connector/ODBC from a Binary Distribution on Windows

Before installing the Connector/ODBC drivers on Windows you should ensure that your Microsoft Data Access Components (MDAC) are up to date. You can obtain the latest version from the Microsoft Data Access and Storage Web site.

There are three available distribution types to use when installing for Windows. The contents in each case are identical, it is only the installation method which is different.

Note

An OLEDB/ODBC driver for Windows 64-bit is available from Microsoft Downloads.

20.1.3.1.1. Installing the Windows Connector/ODBC Driver using an installer

The installer packages offer a very simple method for installing the Connector/ODBC drivers. If you have downloaded the zipped installer then you must extract the installer application. The basic installation process is identical for both installers.

You should follow these steps to complete the installation:

  1. Double click on the standalone installer that you extracted, or the MSI file you downloaded.

  2. The MySQL Connector/ODBC 3.51 - Setup Wizard will start. Click the Next button to begin the installation process.

    Connector/ODBC Windows Installer -
                Welcome
  3. You will need to choose the installation type. The Typical installation provides the standard files you will need to connect to a MySQL database using ODBC. The Complete option installs all the available files, including debug and utility components. It is recommended you choose one of these two options to complete the installation. If choose one of these methods, click Next and then proceed to step 5.

    You may also choose a Custom installation, which enables you to select the individual components that you want to install. You have chosen this method, click Next and then proceed to step 4.

    Connector/ODBC Windows Installer -
                Choosing a Setup type welcome
  4. If you have chosen a custom installation, use the pop-ups to select which components to install and then click Next to install the necessary files.

    Connector/ODBC Windows Installer -
                Custom Installation welcome
  5. Once the files have copied to your machine, the installation is complete. Click Finish to exit the installer.

    Connector/ODBC Windows Installer -
                Completion welcome

Now the installation is complete, you can continue to configure your ODBC connections using Section 20.1.4, “Connector/ODBC Configuration”.

20.1.3.1.2. Installing the Windows Connector/ODBC Driver using the Zipped DLL package

If you have downloaded the Zipped DLL package then you must install the individual files required for Connector/ODBC operation manually. Once you have unzipped the installation files, you can either perform this operation by hand, executing each statement individually, or you can use the included Batch file to perform an installation to the default locations.

To install using the Batch file:

  1. Unzip the Connector/ODBC Zipped DLL package.

  2. Open a Command Prompt.

  3. Change to the directory created when you unzipped the Connector/ODBC Zipped DLL package.

  4. Run Install.bat:

    C:\> Install.bat

    This will copy the necessary files into the default location, and then register the Connector/ODBC driver with the Windows ODBC manager.

If you want to copy the files to an alternative location - for example, to run or test different versions of the Connector/ODBC driver on the same machine, then you must copy the files by hand. It is however not recommended to install these files in a nonstandard location. To copy the files by hand to the default installation location use the following steps:

  1. Unzip the Connector/ODBC Zipped DLL package.

  2. Open a Command Prompt.

  3. Change to the directory created when you unzipped the Connector/ODBC Zipped DLL package.

  4. Copy the library files to a suitable directory. The default is to copy them into the default Windows system directory \Windows\System32:

    C:\> copy lib\myodbc3S.dll \Windows\System32
    C:\> copy lib\myodbc3S.lib \Windows\System32
    C:\> copy lib\myodbc3.dll \Windows\System32
    C:\> copy lib\myodbc3.lib \Windows\System32
  5. Copy the Connector/ODBC tools. These must be placed into a directory that is in the system PATH. The default is to install these into the Windows system directory \Windows\System32:

    C:\> copy bin\myodbc3i.exe \Windows\System32
    C:\> copy bin\myodbc3m.exe \Windows\System32
    C:\> copy bin\myodbc3c.exe \Windows\System32
  6. Optionally copy the help files. For these files to be accessible through the help system, they must be installed in the Windows system directory:

    C:\> copy doc\*.hlp \Windows\System32
  7. Finally, you must register the Connector/ODBC driver with the ODBC manager:

    C:\> myodbc3i -a -d -t"MySQL ODBC 3.51 Driver;\
      DRIVER=myodbc3.dll;SETUP=myodbc3S.dll"

    You must change the references to the DLL files and command location in the above statement if you have not installed these files into the default location.

20.1.3.2. Installing Connector/ODBC from a Binary Distribution on Unix

There are two methods available for installing Connector/ODBC on Unix from a binary distribution. For most Unix environments you will need to use the tarball distribution. For Linux systems, there is also an RPM distribution available.

Note

To install Connector/ODBC 5.1 on Unix you require unixODBC 2.2.12 or later to be installed.

20.1.3.2.1. Installing Connector/ODBC from a Binary Tarball Distribution

To install the driver from a tarball distribution (.tar.gz file), download the latest version of the driver for your operating system and follow these steps that demonstrate the process using the Linux version of the tarball:

shell> su root
shell> gunzip mysql-connector-odbc-3.51.11-i686-pc-linux.tar.gz
shell> tar xvf mysql-connector-odbc-3.51.11-i686-pc-linux.tar
shell> cd mysql-connector-odbc-3.51.11-i686-pc-linux

Read the installation instructions in the INSTALL file and execute these commands.

Then proceed on to Section 20.1.4.5, “Configuring a Connector/ODBC DSN on Unix”, to configure the DSN for Connector/ODBC. For more information, refer to the INSTALL file that comes with your distribution.

20.1.3.2.2. Installing Connector/ODBC from an RPM Distribution

To install or upgrade Connector/ODBC from an RPM distribution on Linux, simply download the RPM distribution of the latest version of Connector/ODBC and follow the instructions below. Use su root to become root, then install the RPM file.

If you are installing for the first time:

shell> su root
 shell> rpm -ivh mysql-connector-odbc-3.51.12.i386.rpm

If the driver exists, upgrade it like this:

shell> su root
shell> rpm -Uvh mysql-connector-odbc-3.51.12.i386.rpm

If there is any dependency error for MySQL client library, libmysqlclient, simply ignore it by supplying the --nodeps option, and then make sure the MySQL client shared library is in the path or set through LD_LIBRARY_PATH.

This installs the driver libraries and related documents to /usr/local/lib and /usr/share/doc/MyODBC, respectively. Proceed onto Section 20.1.4.5, “Configuring a Connector/ODBC DSN on Unix”.

To uninstall the driver, become root and execute an rpm command:

shell> su root
shell> rpm -e mysql-connector-odbc

20.1.3.3. Installing Connector/ODBC from a Binary Distribution on Mac OS X

Mac OS X is based on the FreeBSD operating system, and you can normally use the MySQL network port for connecting to MySQL servers on other hosts. Installing the Connector/ODBC driver enables you to connect to MySQL databases on any platform through the ODBC interface. You should only need to install the Connector/ODBC driver when your application requires an ODBC interface. Applications that require or can use ODBC (and therefore the Connector/ODBC driver) include ColdFusion, Filemaker Pro, 4th Dimension and many other applications.

Mac OS X includes its own ODBC manager, based on the iODBC manager. Mac OS X includes an administration tool that provides easier administration of ODBC drivers and configuration, updating the underlying iODBC configuration files.

The method for installing Connector/ODBC on Mac OS X depends on the version on Connector/ODBC you are using. For Connector/ODBC 3.51.14 and later, the package is provided as a compressed tar archive that you must manually install. For Connector/ODBC 3.51.13 and earlier the software was provided on a compressed disk image (.dmg) file and included an installer.

In either case, the driver is designed to work with the iODBC driver manager included with Mac OS X.

To install Connector/ODBC 3.51.14 and later:

  1. Download the installation file. Note that versions are available for both PowerPC and Intel platforms.

  2. Extract the archive:

    shell> tar zxf mysql-connector-odbc-3.51.16-osx10.4-x86-32bit.tar.gz
  3. The directory created will contain two subdirectories, lib and bin. You need to copy these to a suitable location such as /usr/local:

    shell> cp bin/* /usr/local/bin
    shell> cp lib/* /usr/local/lib
  4. Finally, you must register the driver with iODBC using the myodbc3i tool you just installed:

    shell> myodbc3i -a -d -t"MySQL ODBC 3.51 Driver;Driver=/usr/local/lib/libmyodbc3.so;Setup=/usr/local/lib/libmyodbc3S.so"

You can verify the installed drivers either by using the ODBC Administrator application or the myodbc3i utility:

shell> myodbc3i -q -d

To install Connector/ODBC 3.51.13 and earlier, follow these steps:

  1. Download the file to your computer and double-click on the downloaded image file.

  2. Within the disk image you will find an installer package (with the .pkg extension). Double click on this file to start the Mac OS X installer.

  3. You will be presented with the installer welcome message. Click the Continue button to begin the installation process.

    Connector/ODBC Mac OS X Installer -
              Installer welcome
  4. Please take the time to read the Important Information as it contains guidance on how to complete the installation process. Once you have read the notice and collected the necessary information, click Continue.

    Connector/ODBC Mac OS X Installer -
              Important Information
  5. Connector/ODBC drivers are made available under the GNU General Public License. Please read the license if you are not familiar with it before continuing installation. Click Continue to approve the license (you will be asked to confirm that decision) and continue the installation.

    Connector/ODBC Mac OS X Installer -
              License
  6. Choose a location to install the Connector/ODBC drivers and the ODBC Administrator application. You must install the files onto a drive with an operating system and you may be limited in the choices available. Select the drive you want to use, and then click Continue.

    Connector/ODBC Mac OS X Installer -
              Choosing a destination
  7. The installer will automatically select the files that need to be installed on your machine. Click Install to continue. The installer will copy the necessary files to your machine. A progress bar will be shown indicating the installation progress.

    Connector/ODBC Mac OS X Installer -
              Installation type
  8. When installation has been completed you will get a window like the one shown below. Click Close to close and quit the installer.

    Connector/ODBC Mac OS X Installer -
              Installation complete

20.1.3.4. Installing Connector/ODBC from a Source Distribution on Windows

You should only need to install Connector/ODBC from source on Windows if you want to change or modify the source or installation. If you are unsure whether to install from source, please use the binary installation detailed in Section 20.1.3.1, “Installing Connector/ODBC from a Binary Distribution on Windows”.

Installing Connector/ODBC from source on Windows requires a number of different tools and packages:

  • MDAC, Microsoft Data Access SDK from http://support.microsoft.com/kb/110093.

  • Suitable C compiler, such as Microsoft Visual C++ or the C compiler included with Microsoft Visual Studio.

  • Compatible make tool. Microsoft's nmake is used in the examples in this section.

  • MySQL client libraries and include files from MySQL 4.0.0 or higher. (Preferably MySQL 4.0.16 or higher). This is required because Connector/ODBC uses new calls and structures that exist only starting from this version of the library. To get the client libraries and include files, visit http://dev.mysql.com/downloads/.

20.1.3.4.1. Building Connector/ODBC 3.51

Connector/ODBC source distributions include Makefiles that require the nmake or other make utility. In the distribution, you can find Makefile for building the release version and Makefile_debug for building debugging versions of the driver libraries and DLLs.

To build the driver, use this procedure:

  1. Download and extract the sources to a folder, then change directory into that folder. The following command assumes the folder is named myodbc3-src:

    C:\> cd myodbc3-src
    
  2. Edit Makefile to specify the correct path for the MySQL client libraries and header files. Then use the following commands to build and install the release version:

    C:\> nmake -f Makefile
    C:\> nmake -f Makefile install
    

    nmake -f Makefile builds the release version of the driver and places the binaries in subdirectory called Release.

    nmake -f Makefile install installs (copies) the driver DLLs and libraries (myodbc3.dll, myodbc3.lib) to your system directory.

  3. To build the debug version, use Makefile_Debug rather than Makefile, as shown below:

    C:\> nmake -f Makefile_debug
    C:\> nmake -f Makefile_debug install
    
  4. You can clean and rebuild the driver by using:

    C:\> nmake -f Makefile clean
    C:\> nmake -f Makefile install
    

Note

  • Make sure to specify the correct MySQL client libraries and header files path in the Makefiles (set the MYSQL_LIB_PATH and MYSQL_INCLUDE_PATH variables). The default header file path is assumed to be C:\mysql\include. The default library path is assumed to be C:\mysql\lib\opt for release DLLs and C:\mysql\lib\debug for debug versions.

  • For the complete usage of nmake, visit http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/default.asp?url=/library/en-us/dv_vcce4/html/evgrfRunningNMAKE.asp.

  • If you are using the Subversion tree for compiling, all Windows-specific Makefiles are named as Win_Makefile*.

20.1.3.4.2. Testing

After the driver libraries are copied/installed to the system directory, you can test whether the libraries are properly built by using the samples provided in the samples subdirectory:

C:\> cd samples
C:\> nmake -f Makefile all

20.1.3.5. Installing Connector/ODBC from a Source Distribution on Unix

You need the following tools to build MySQL from source on Unix:

  • A working ANSI C++ compiler. gcc 2.95.2 or later, SGI C++, and SunPro C++ are some of the compilers that are known to work.

  • A good make program. GNU make is always recommended and is sometimes required.

  • MySQL client libraries and include files from MySQL 4.0.0 or higher. (Preferably MySQL 4.0.16 or higher). This is required because Connector/ODBC uses new calls and structures that exist only starting from this version of the library. To get the client libraries and include files, visit http://dev.mysql.com/downloads/.

    If you have built your own MySQL server and/or client libraries from source then you must have used the --enable-thread-safe-client option to configure when the libraries were built.

    You should also ensure that the libmysqlclient library were built and installed as a shared library.

  • A compatible ODBC manager must be installed. Connector/ODBC is known to work with the iODBC and unixODBC managers. See Section 20.1.2.1.2, “ODBC Driver Managers”, for more information.

  • If you are using a character set that isn't compiled into the MySQL client library then you need to install the MySQL character definitions from the charsets directory into SHAREDIR (by default, /usr/local/mysql/share/mysql/charsets). These should be in place if you have installed the MySQL server on the same machine. See Section 9.1, “Character Set Support”, for more information on character set support.

Once you have all the required files, unpack the source files to a separate directory, you then have to run configure and build the library using make.

20.1.3.5.1. Typical configure Options

The configure script gives you a great deal of control over how you configure your Connector/ODBC build. Typically you do this using options on the configure command line. You can also affect configure using certain environment variables. For a list of options and environment variables supported by configure, run this command:

shell> ./configure --help

Some of the more commonly used configure options are described here:

  1. To compile Connector/ODBC, you need to supply the MySQL client include and library files path using the --with-mysql-path=DIR option, where DIR is the directory where MySQL is installed.

    MySQL compile options can be determined by running DIR/bin/mysql_config.

  2. Supply the standard header and library files path for your ODBC Driver Manager (iODBC or unixODBC).

    • If you are using iODBC and iODBC is not installed in its default location (/usr/local), you might have to use the --with-iodbc=DIR option, where DIR is the directory where iODBC is installed.

      If the iODBC headers do not reside in DIR/include, you can use the --with-iodbc-includes=INCDIR option to specify their location.

      The applies to libraries. If they are not in DIR/lib, you can use the --with-iodbc-libs=LIBDIR option.

    • If you are using unixODBC, use the --with-unixODBC=DIR option (case sensitive) to make configure look for unixODBC instead of iODBC by default, DIR is the directory where unixODBC is installed.

      If the unixODBC headers and libraries aren't located in DIR/include and DIR/lib, use the --with-unixODBC-includes=INCDIR and --with-unixODBC-libs=LIBDIR options.

  3. You might want to specify an installation prefix other than /usr/local. For example, to install the Connector/ODBC drivers in /usr/local/odbc/lib, use the --prefix=/usr/local/odbc option.

The final configuration command looks something like this:

shell> ./configure --prefix=/usr/local \
         --with-iodbc=/usr/local \
         --with-mysql-path=/usr/local/mysql
20.1.3.5.2. Additional configure Options

There are a number of other options that you need, or want, to set when configuring the Connector/ODBC driver before it is built.

  • To link the driver with MySQL thread safe client libraries libmysqlclient_r.so or libmysqlclient_r.a, you must specify the following configure option:

    --enable-thread-safe
    

    and can be disabled (default) using

    --disable-thread-safe
    

    This option enables the building of the driver thread-safe library libmyodbc3_r.so from by linking with MySQL thread-safe client library libmysqlclient_r.so (The extensions are OS dependent).

    If the compilation with the thread-safe option fails, it may be because the correct thread-libraries on the system could not be located. You should set the value of LIBS to point to the correct thread library for your system.

    LIBS="-lpthread" ./configure ..
    
  • You can enable or disable the shared and static versions of Connector/ODBC using these options:

    --enable-shared[=yes/no]
    --disable-shared
    --enable-static[=yes/no]
    --disable-static
    
  • By default, all the binary distributions are built as nondebugging versions (configured with --without-debug).

    To enable debugging information, build the driver from source distribution and use the --with-debug option when you run configure.

  • This option is available only for source trees that have been obtained from the Subversion repository. This option does not apply to the packaged source distributions.

    By default, the driver is built with the --without-docs option. If you would like the documentation to be built, then execute configure with:

    --with-docs
    
20.1.3.5.3. Building and Compilation

To build the driver libraries, you have to just execute make.

shell> make

If any errors occur, correct them and continue the build process. If you aren't able to build, then send a detailed email to for further assistance.

20.1.3.5.4. Building Shared Libraries

On most platforms, MySQL does not build or support .so (shared) client libraries by default. This is based on our experience of problems when building shared libraries.

In cases like this, you have to download the MySQL distribution and configure it with these options:

--without-server --enable-shared

To build shared driver libraries, you must specify the --enable-shared option for configure. By default, configure does not enable this option.

If you have configured with the --disable-shared option, you can build the .so file from the static libraries using the following commands:

shell> cd mysql-connector-odbc-3.51.01
shell> make
shell> cd driver
shell> CC=/usr/bin/gcc \
          $CC -bundle -flat_namespace -undefined error \
          -o .libs/libmyodbc3-3.51.01.so \
          catalog.o connect.o cursor.o dll.o error.o execute.o \
          handle.o info.o misc.o myodbc3.o options.o prepare.o \
          results.o transact.o utility.o \
          -L/usr/local/mysql/lib/mysql/ \
          -L/usr/local/iodbc/lib/ \
          -lz -lc -lmysqlclient -liodbcinst

Make sure to change -liodbcinst to -lodbcinst if you are using unixODBC instead of iODBC, and configure the library paths accordingly.

This builds and places the libmyodbc3-3.51.01.so file in the .libs directory. Copy this file to the Connector/ODBC library installation directory (/usr/local/lib (or the lib directory under the installation directory that you supplied with the --prefix).

shell> cd .libs
shell> cp libmyodbc3-3.51.01.so /usr/local/lib
shell> cd /usr/local/lib
shell> ln -s libmyodbc3-3.51.01.so libmyodbc3.so

To build the thread-safe driver library:

shell> CC=/usr/bin/gcc \
          $CC -bundle -flat_namespace -undefined error
          -o .libs/libmyodbc3_r-3.51.01.so
          catalog.o connect.o cursor.o dll.o error.o execute.o
          handle.o info.o misc.o myodbc3.o options.o prepare.o
          results.o transact.o utility.o
          -L/usr/local/mysql/lib/mysql/
          -L/usr/local/iodbc/lib/
          -lz -lc -lmysqlclient_r -liodbcinst
20.1.3.5.5. Installing Driver Libraries

To install the driver libraries, execute the following command:

shell> make install

That command installs one of the following sets of libraries:

For Connector/ODBC 3.51:

  • libmyodbc3.so

  • libmyodbc3-3.51.01.so, where 3.51.01 is the version of the driver

  • libmyodbc3.a

For thread-safe Connector/ODBC 3.51:

  • libmyodbc3_r.so

  • libmyodbc3-3_r.51.01.so

  • libmyodbc3_r.a

For more information on build process, refer to the INSTALL file that comes with the source distribution. Note that if you are trying to use the make from Sun, you may end up with errors. On the other hand, GNU gmake should work fine on all platforms.

20.1.3.5.6. Testing Connector/ODBC on Unix

To run the basic samples provided in the distribution with the libraries that you built, use the following command:

shell> make test

Before running the tests, create the DSN 'myodbc3' in odbc.ini and set the environment variable ODBCINI to the correct odbc.ini file; and MySQL server is running. You can find a sample odbc.ini with the driver distribution.

You can even modify the samples/run-samples script to pass the desired DSN, UID, and PASSWORD values as the command-line arguments to each sample.

20.1.3.5.7. Building Connector/ODBC from Source on Mac OS X

To build the driver on Mac OS X (Darwin), make use of the following configure example:

shell> ./configure --prefix=/usr/local
          --with-unixODBC=/usr/local
          --with-mysql-path=/usr/local/mysql
          --disable-shared
          --enable-gui=no
          --host=powerpc-apple

The command assumes that the unixODBC and MySQL are installed in the default locations. If not, configure accordingly.

On Mac OS X, --enable-shared builds .dylib files by default. You can build .so files like this:

shell> make
shell> cd driver
shell> CC=/usr/bin/gcc \
          $CC -bundle -flat_namespace -undefined error
          -o .libs/libmyodbc3-3.51.01.so *.o
          -L/usr/local/mysql/lib/
          -L/usr/local/iodbc/lib
          -liodbcinst -lmysqlclient -lz -lc

To build the thread-safe driver library:

shell> CC=/usr/bin/gcc \
          $CC -bundle -flat_namespace -undefined error
          -o .libs/libmyodbc3-3.51.01.so *.o
          -L/usr/local/mysql/lib/
          -L/usr/local/iodbc/lib
          -liodbcinst -lmysqlclienti_r -lz -lc -lpthread

Make sure to change the -liodbcinst to -lodbcinst in case of using unixODBC instead of iODBC and configure the libraries path accordingly.

In Apple's version of GCC, both cc and gcc are actually symbolic links to gcc3.

Copy this library to the $prefix/lib directory and symlink to libmyodbc3.so.

You can cross-check the output shared-library properties using this command:

shell> otool -LD .libs/libmyodbc3-3.51.01.so
20.1.3.5.8. Building Connector/ODBC from Source on HP-UX

To build the driver on HP-UX 10.x or 11.x, make use of the following configure example:

If using cc:

shell> CC="cc" \
          CFLAGS="+z" \
          LDFLAGS="-Wl,+b:-Wl,+s" \
          ./configure --prefix=/usr/local
          --with-unixodbc=/usr/local
          --with-mysql-path=/usr/local/mysql/lib/mysql
          --enable-shared
          --enable-thread-safe

If using gcc:

shell> CC="gcc" \
          LDFLAGS="-Wl,+b:-Wl,+s" \
          ./configure --prefix=/usr/local
          --with-unixodbc=/usr/local
          --with-mysql-path=/usr/local/mysql
          --enable-shared
          --enable-thread-safe

Once the driver is built, cross-check its attributes using chatr .libs/libmyodbc3.sl to determine whether you need to have set the MySQL client library path using the SHLIB_PATH environment variable. For static versions, ignore all shared-library options and run configure with the --disable-shared option.

20.1.3.5.9. Building Connector/ODBC from Source on AIX

To build the driver on AIX, make use of the following configure example:

shell> ./configure --prefix=/usr/local
          --with-unixodbc=/usr/local
          --with-mysql-path=/usr/local/mysql
          --disable-shared
          --enable-thread-safe

Note

For more information about how to build and set up the static and shared libraries across the different platforms refer to ' Using static and shared libraries across platforms'.

20.1.3.6. Installing Connector/ODBC from the Development Source Tree

Caution

You should read this section only if you are interested in helping us test our new code. If you just want to get MySQL Connector/ODBC up and running on your system, you should use a standard release distribution.

To obtain the most recent development source tree, you first need to download and install Bazaar. You can obtain Bazaar from the Bazaar VCS Web site. Bazaar is supported by any platform that supports Python, and is therefore compatible with any Linux, Unix, Windows or Mac OS X host. Instructions for downloading and installing Bazaar on the different platforms are available on the Bazaar Web site.

To build from the source trees, you need the following tools:

  • autoconf 2.52 (or newer)

  • automake 1.4 (or newer)

  • libtool 1.4 (or newer)

  • m4

The most recent development source tree is available from our public Subversion trees at http://dev.mysql.com/tech-resources/sources.html.

To checkout out the Connector/ODBC sources, change to the directory where you want the copy of the Connector/ODBC tree to be stored, then use the following command:

shell> bzr branch lp:myodbc

You should now have a copy of the entire Connector/ODBC source tree in the directory connector-odbc3. To build from this source tree on Unix or Linux follow these steps:

shell> cd myodbc
shell> aclocal
shell> autoheader
shell> libtoolize -c -f
shell> autoconf
shell> automake;
shell> ./configure  # Add your favorite options here
shell> make

For more information on how to build, refer to the INSTALL file located in the same directory. For more information on options to configure, see Section 20.1.3.5.1, “Typical configure Options”

When the build is done, run make install to install the Connector/ODBC 3.51 driver on your system.

If you have gotten to the make stage and the distribution does not compile, please report it to .

On Windows, make use of Windows Makefiles WIN-Makefile and WIN-Makefile_debug in building the driver. For more information, see Section 20.1.3.4, “Installing Connector/ODBC from a Source Distribution on Windows”.

After the initial checkout operation to get the source tree, you should run bzr pull periodically to update your source according to the latest version.

20.1.4. Connector/ODBC Configuration

Before you connect to a MySQL database using the Connector/ODBC driver you must configure an ODBC Data Source Name. The DSN associates the various configuration parameters required to communicate with a database to a specific name. You use the DSN in an application to communicate with the database, rather than specifying individual parameters within the application itself. DSN information can be user specific, system specific, or provided in a special file. ODBC data source names are configured in different ways, depending on your platform and ODBC driver.

20.1.4.1. Data Source Names

A Data Source Name associates the configuration parameters for communicating with a specific database. Generally a DSN consists of the following parameters:

  • Name
  • Host Name
  • Database Name
  • Login
  • Password

In addition, different ODBC drivers, including Connector/ODBC, may accept additional driver-specific options and parameters.

There are three types of DSN:

  • A System DSN is a global DSN definition that is available to any user and application on a particular system. A System DSN can normally only be configured by a systems administrator, or by a user who has specific permissions that let them create System DSNs.

  • A User DSN is specific to an individual user, and can be used to store database connectivity information that the user regularly uses.

  • A File DSN uses a simple file to define the DSN configuration. File DSNs can be shared between users and machines and are therefore more practical when installing or deploying DSN information as part of an application across many machines.

DSN information is stored in different locations depending on your platform and environment.

20.1.4.2. Connector/ODBC Connection Parameters

You can specify the parameters in the following tables for Connector/ODBC when configuring a DSN. Users on Windows can use the Options and Advanced panels when configuring a DSN to set these parameters; see the table for information on which options relate to which fields and checkboxes. On Unix and Mac OS X, use the parameter name and value as the keyword/value pair in the DSN configuration. Alternatively, you can set these parameters within the InConnectionString argument in the SQLDriverConnect() call.

ParameterDefault ValueComment
userODBCThe user name used to connect to MySQL.
uidODBCSynonymous with user. Added in 3.51.16.
serverlocalhostThe host name of the MySQL server.
database The default database.
option0Options that specify how Connector/ODBC should work. See below.
port3306The TCP/IP port to use if server is not localhost.
initstmt Initial statement. A statement to execute when connecting to MySQL. In version 3.51 the parameter is called stmt. Note, the driver supports the initial statement being executed only at the time of the initial connection.
password The password for the user account on server.
pwd Synonymous with password. Added in 3.51.16.
socket The Unix socket file or Windows named pipe to connect to if server is localhost.
sslca The path to a file with a list of trust SSL CAs. Added in 3.51.16.
sslcapath The path to a directory that contains trusted SSL CA certificates in PEM format. Added in 3.51.16.
sslcert The name of the SSL certificate file to use for establishing a secure connection. Added in 3.51.16.
sslcipher A list of allowable ciphers to use for SSL encryption. The cipher list has the same format as the openssl ciphers command Added in 3.51.16.
sslkey The name of the SSL key file to use for establishing a secure connection. Added in 3.51.16.
charset The character set to use for the connection. Added in 3.51.17.
sslverify If set to 1, the SSL certificate will be verified when used with the MySQL connection. If not set, then the default behavior is to ignore SSL certificate verification.
readtimeout The timeout in seconds for attempts to read from the server. Each attempt uses this timeout value and there are retries if necessary, so the total effective timeout value is three times the option value. You can set the value so that a lost connection can be detected earlier than the TCP/IP Close_Wait_Timeout value of 10 minutes. This option works only for TCP/IP connections, and only for Windows prior to MySQL 5.1.12. Corresponds to the MYSQL_OPT_READ_TIMEOUT option of the MySQL Client Library. This option was added in Connector/ODBC 3.51.27.
writetimeout The timeout in seconds for attempts to write to the server. Each attempt uses this timeout value and there are net_retry_count retries if necessary, so the total effective timeout value is net_retry_count times the option value. This option works only for TCP/IP connections, and only for Windows prior to MySQL 5.1.12. Corresponds to the MYSQL_OPT_WRITE_TIMEOUT option of the MySQL Client Library. This option was added in Connector/ODBC 3.51.27.

Note

The SSL configuration parameters can also be automatically loaded from a my.ini or my.cnf file.

The option argument is used to tell Connector/ODBC that the client isn't 100% ODBC compliant. On Windows, you normally select options by toggling the checkboxes in the connection screen, but you can also select them in the option argument. The following options are listed in the order in which they appear in the Connector/ODBC connect screen.

ValueFlagnameGUI OptionDescription
1FLAG_FIELD_LENGTHDo not Optimize Column WidthThe client cannot handle that Connector/ODBC returns the real width of a column. This option was removed in 3.51.18.
2FLAG_FOUND_ROWSReturn Matching RowsThe client cannot handle that MySQL returns the true value of affected rows. If this flag is set, MySQL returns “found rows” instead. You must have MySQL 3.21.14 or newer to get this to work.
4FLAG_DEBUGTrace Driver Calls To myodbc.logMake a debug log in C:\myodbc.log on Windows, or /tmp/myodbc.log on Unix variants. This option was removed in Connector/ODBC 3.51.18.
8FLAG_BIG_PACKETSAllow Big ResultsDo not set any packet limit for results and bind parameters. Without this option, parameter binding will be truncated to 255 characters.
16FLAG_NO_PROMPTDo not Prompt Upon ConnectDo not prompt for questions even if driver would like to prompt.
32FLAG_DYNAMIC_CURSOREnable Dynamic CursorEnable or disable the dynamic cursor support.
64FLAG_NO_SCHEMAIgnore # in Table NameIgnore use of database name in db_name.tbl_name.col_name.
128FLAG_NO_DEFAULT_CURSORUser Manager CursorsForce use of ODBC manager cursors (experimental).
256FLAG_NO_LOCALEDo not Use Set LocaleDisable the use of extended fetch (experimental).
512FLAG_PAD_SPACEPad Char To Full LengthPad CHAR columns to full column length.
1024FLAG_FULL_COLUMN_NAMESReturn Table Names for SQLDescribeColSQLDescribeCol() returns fully qualified column names.
2048FLAG_COMPRESSED_PROTOUse Compressed ProtocolUse the compressed client/server protocol.
4096FLAG_IGNORE_SPACEIgnore Space After Function NamesTell server to ignore space after function name and before “(” (needed by PowerBuilder). This makes all function names keywords.
8192FLAG_NAMED_PIPEForce Use of Named PipesConnect with named pipes to a mysqld server running on NT.
16384FLAG_NO_BIGINTChange BIGINT Columns to IntChange BIGINT columns to INT columns (some applications cannot handle BIGINT).
32768FLAG_NO_CATALOGNo CatalogForces results from the catalog functions, such as SQLTables, to always return NULL and the driver to report that catalogs are not supported.
65536FLAG_USE_MYCNFRead Options From my.cnfRead parameters from the [client] and [odbc] groups from my.cnf.
131072FLAG_SAFESafeAdd some extra safety checks.
262144FLAG_NO_TRANSACTIONSDisable transactionsDisable transactions.
524288FLAG_LOG_QUERYSave queries to myodbc.sqlEnable query logging to c:\myodbc.sql(/tmp/myodbc.sql) file. (Enabled only in debug mode.)
1048576FLAG_NO_CACHEDo not Cache Result (forward only cursors)Do not cache the results locally in the driver, instead read from server (mysql_use_result()). This works only for forward-only cursors. This option is very important in dealing with large tables when you do not want the driver to cache the entire result set.
2097152FLAG_FORWARD_CURSORForce Use Of Forward Only CursorsForce the use of Forward-only cursor type. In case of applications setting the default static/dynamic cursor type, and one wants the driver to use noncache result sets, then this option ensures the forward-only cursor behavior.
4194304FLAG_AUTO_RECONNECTEnable auto-reconnect.Enables auto-reconnection functionality. You should not use this option with transactions, since a auto reconnection during a incomplete transaction may cause corruption. Note that an auto-reconnected connection will not inherit the same settings and environment as the original. This option was added in Connector/ODBC 3.51.13.
8388608FLAG_AUTO_IS_NULLFlag Auto Is Null

When FLAG_AUTO_IS_NULL is set, the driver does not change the default value of sql_auto_is_null, leaving it at 1, so you get the MySQL default, not the SQL standard behavior.

When FLAG_AUTO_IS_NULL is not set, the driver changes the default value of SQL_AUTO_IS_NULL to 0 after connecting, so you get the SQL standard, not the MySQL default behavior.

Thus, omitting the flag disables the compatibility option and forces SQL standard behavior.

See IS NULL. This option was added in Connector/ODBC 3.51.13.

16777216FLAG_ZERO_DATE_TO_MINFlag Zero Date to MinTranslates zero dates (XXXX-00-00) into the minimum date values supported by ODBC, XXXX-01-01. This resolves an issue where some statements will not work because the date returned and the minimum ODBC date value are incompatible. This option was added in Connector/ODBC 3.51.17.
33554432FLAG_MIN_DATE_TO_ZEROFlag Min Date to ZeroTranslates the minimum ODBC date value (XXXX-01-01) to the zero date format supported by MySQL (XXXX-00-00). This resolves an issue where some statements will not work because the date returned and the minimum ODBC date value are incompatible. This option was added in Connector/ODBC 3.51.17.
67108864FLAG_MULTI_STATEMENTSAllow multiple statementsEnables support for batched statements. This option was added in Connector/ODBC 3.51.18.
134217728FLAG_COLUMN_SIZE_S32Limit column size to 32-bit valueLimits the column size to a signed 32-bit value to prevent problems with larger column sizes in applications that do not support them. This option is automatically enabled when working with ADO applications. This option was added in Connector/ODBC 3.51.22.
268435456FLAG_NO_BINARY_RESULTAlways handle binary function results as character dataWhen set this option disables charset 63 for columns with an empty org_table. This option was added in Connector/ODBC 3.51.26.

To select multiple options, add together their values. For example, setting option to 12 (4+8) gives you debugging without packet limits.

Note

From version of MySQL Connector/ODBC 5.1.6 onwards, it is possible to use the flag name directly as a parameter in the connection string, by using the flag name without the FLAG_ prefix. So, in addition to using the options parameter with various flags set, it is now possible to use the flags directly as parameters. For example, FIELD_LENGTH, FOUND_ROWS and DEBUG could all be used as parameters.

The following table shows some recommended option values for various configurations.

ConfigurationOption Value
Microsoft Access, Visual Basic3
Driver trace generation (Debug mode)4
Microsoft Access (with improved DELETE queries)35
Large tables with too many rows2049
Sybase PowerBuilder135168
Query log generation (Debug mode)524288
Generate driver trace as well as query log (Debug mode)524292
Large tables with no-cache results3145731

20.1.4.3. Configuring a Connector/ODBC DSN on Windows

The ODBC Data Source Administrator within Windows enables you to create DSNs, check driver installation and configure ODBC systems such as tracing (used for debugging) and connection pooling.

Different editions and versions of Windows store the ODBC Data Source Administrator in different locations depending on the version of Windows that you are using.

To open the ODBC Data Source Administrator in Windows Server 2003:

Tip

Because it is possible to create DSN using either the 32-bit or 64-bit driver, but using the same DNS identifier, it is advisable to include the driver being used within the DSN identifier. This will help you to identify the DSN when using it from applications such as Excel that are only compatible with the 32-bit driver. For example, you might add Using32bitCODBC to the DSN identifier for the 32-bit interface and Using64bitCODBC for those using the 64-bit Connector/ODBC driver.

  1. On the Start menu, choose Administrative Tools, and then click Data Sources (ODBC).

To open the ODBC Data Source Administrator in Windows 2000 Server or Windows 2000 Professional:

  1. On the Start menu, choose Settings, and then click Control Panel.

  2. In Control Panel, click Administrative Tools.

  3. In Administrative Tools, click Data Sources (ODBC).

To open the ODBC Data Source Administrator on Windows XP:

  1. On the Start menu, click Control Panel.

  2. In the Control Panel when in Category View click Performance and Maintenance and then click Administrative Tools.. If you are viewing the Control Panel in Classic View, click Administrative Tools.

  3. In Administrative Tools, click Data Sources (ODBC).

Irrespective of your Windows version, you should be presented the ODBC Data Source Administrator window:

ODBC Data Source
          Administrator Dialog

Within Windows XP, you can add the Administrative Tools folder to your Start menu to make it easier to locate the ODBC Data Source Administrator. To do this:

  1. Right click on the Start menu.

  2. Select Properties.

  3. Click Customize....

  4. Select the Advanced tab.

  5. Within Start menu items, within the System Administrative Tools section, select Display on the All Programs menu.

Within both Windows Server 2003 and Windows XP you may want to permanently add the ODBC Data Source Administrator to your Start menu. To do this, locate the Data Sources (ODBC) icon using the methods shown, then right-click on the icon and then choose Pin to Start Menu.

The interfaces for the 3.51 and 5.1 versions of the Connector/ODBC driver are different, although the fields and information that you need to enter remain the same.

To configure a DSN using Connector/ODBC 3.51.x or Connector/ODBC 5.1.0, see Section 20.1.4.3.1, “Configuring a Connector/ODBC 3.51 DSN on Windows”.

To configure a DSN using Connector/ODBC 5.1.1 or later, see Section 20.1.4.3.2, “Configuring a Connector/ODBC 5.1 DSN on Windows”.

20.1.4.3.1. Configuring a Connector/ODBC 3.51 DSN on Windows

To add and configure a new Connector/ODBC data source on Windows, use the ODBC Data Source Administrator:

  1. Open the ODBC Data Source Administrator.

  2. To create a System DSN (which will be available to all users) , select the System DSN tab. To create a User DSN, which will be unique only to the current user, click the Add... button.

  3. You will need to select the ODBC driver for this DSN.

    MySQL ODBC Driver
                Selection Dialog

    Select MySQL ODBC 3.51 Driver, then click Finish.

  4. You now need to configure the specific fields for the DSN you are creating through the Add Data Source Name dialog.

    Add Data Source
                Name Dialog for Connector/ODBC 3.51.x

    In the Data Source Name box, enter the name of the data source you want to access. It can be any valid name that you choose.

  5. In the Description box, enter some text to help identify the connection.

  6. In the Server field, enter the name of the MySQL server host that you want to access. By default, it is localhost.

  7. In the User field, enter the user name to use for this connection.

  8. In the Password field, enter the corresponding password for this connection.

  9. The Database pop-up should automatically populate with the list of databases that the user has permissions to access.

  10. Click OK to save the DSN.

A completed DSN configuration may look like this:

SampleMySQL ODBC DSN
            Configuration Dialog

You can verify the connection using the parameters you have entered by clicking the Test button. If the connection could be made successfully, you will be notified with a Success; connection was made! dialog.

If the connection failed, you can obtain more information on the test and why it may have failed by clicking the Diagnostics... button to show additional error messages.

You can configure a number of options for a specific DSN by using either the Connect Options or Advanced tabs in the DSN configuration dialog.

Connector/ODBC Connect Options
            Dialog

The three options you can configure are:

  • Port sets the TCP/IP port number to use when communicating with MySQL. Communication with MySQL uses port 3306 by default. If your server is configured to use a different TCP/IP port, you must specify that port number here.

  • Socket sets the name or location of a specific socket or Windows pipe to use when communicating with MySQL.

  • Initial Statement defines an SQL statement that will be executed when the connection to MySQL is opened. You can use this to set MySQL options for your connection, such as disabling autocommit.

  • Character Set is a pop-up list from which you can select the default character set to be used with this connection. The Character Set option was added in 3.5.17.

The Advanced tab enables you to configure Connector/ODBC connection parameters. Refer to Section 20.1.4.2, “Connector/ODBC Connection Parameters”, for information about the meaning of these options.

Connector/ODBC Connection Advanced
            Dialog
20.1.4.3.2. Configuring a Connector/ODBC 5.1 DSN on Windows

The DSN configuration when using Connector/ODBC 5.1.1 and later has a slightly different layout. Also, due to the native Unicode support within Connector/ODBC 5.1, you no longer need to specify the initial character set to be used with your connection.

To configure a DSN using the Connector/ODBC 5.1.1 or later driver:

  1. Open the ODBC Data Source Administrator.

  2. To create a System DSN (which will be available to all users) , select the System DSN tab. To create a User DSN, which will be unique only to the current user, click the Add... button.

  3. You will need to select the ODBC driver for this DSN.

    MySQL ODBC Driver
                Selection Dialog

    Select MySQL ODBC 5.1 Driver, then click Finish.

  4. You now need to configure the specific fields for the DSN you are creating through the Connection Parameters dialog.

    Add Data Source
                Name Dialog for Connector/ODBC 5.1

    In the Data Source Name box, enter the name of the data source you want to access. It can be any valid name that you choose.

  5. In the Description box, enter some text to help identify the connection.

  6. In the Server field, enter the name of the MySQL server host that you want to access. By default, it is localhost.

  7. In the User field, enter the user name to use for this connection.

  8. In the Password field, enter the corresponding password for this connection.

  9. The Database pop-up should automatically populate with the list of databases that the user has permissions to access.

  10. To communicate over a different TCP/IP port than the default (3306), change the value of the Port.

  11. Click OK to save the DSN.

You can verify the connection using the parameters you have entered by clicking the Test button. If the connection could be made successfully, you will be notified with a Success; connection was made! dialog.

You can configure a number of options for a specific DSN by using the Details button.

Connector/ODBC Connect Options
            Dialog

The Details button opens a tabbed display which allows you to set additional options:

  • Flags 1, Flags 2, and Flags 3 enable you to select the additional flags for the DSN connection. For more information on these flags, see Section 20.1.4.2, “Connector/ODBC Connection Parameters”.

  • Debug allows you to enable ODBC debugging to record the queries you execute through the DSN to the myodbc.sql file. For more information, see Section 20.1.4.8, “Getting an ODBC Trace File”.

  • SSL Settings configures the additional options required for using the Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) when communicating with MySQL server. Note that you must have enabled SSL and configured the MySQL server with suitable certificates to communicate over SSL.

    Connector/ODBC 5.1 SSL
                Configuration

The Advanced tab enables you to configure Connector/ODBC connection parameters. Refer to Section 20.1.4.2, “Connector/ODBC Connection Parameters”, for information about the meaning of these options.

20.1.4.3.3. Errors and Debugging

This section answers Connector/ODBC connection-related questions.

  • While configuring a Connector/ODBC DSN, a Could Not Load Translator or Setup Library error occurs

    For more information, refer to MS KnowledgeBase Article(Q260558). Also, make sure you have the latest valid ctl3d32.dll in your system directory.

  • On Windows, the default myodbc3.dll is compiled for optimal performance. If you want to debug Connector/ODBC 3.51 (for example, to enable tracing), you should instead use myodbc3d.dll. To install this file, copy myodbc3d.dll over the installed myodbc3.dll file. Make sure to revert back to the release version of the driver DLL once you are done with the debugging because the debug version may cause performance issues. Note that the myodbc3d.dll isn't included in Connector/ODBC 3.51.07 through 3.51.11. If you are using one of these versions, you should copy that DLL from a previous version (for example, 3.51.06).

20.1.4.4. Configuring a Connector/ODBC DSN on Mac OS X

To configure a DSN on Mac OS X you can either use the myodbc3i utility, edit the odbc.ini file within the Library/ODBC directory of the user or the should use the ODBC Administrator. If you have Mac OS X 10.2 or earlier, refer to Section 20.1.4.5, “Configuring a Connector/ODBC DSN on Unix”. Select whether you want to create a User DSN or a System DSN. If you want to add a System DSN, you may need to authenticate with the system. You must click the padlock and enter a user and password with administrator privileges.

For correct operation of ODBC Administrator, you should ensure that the /Library/ODBC/odbc.ini file used to set up ODBC connectivity and DSNs are writable by the admin group. If this file is not writable by this group then the ODBC Administrator may fail, or may appear to have worked but not generated the correct entry.

Warning

There are known issues with the OS X ODBC Administrator and Connector/ODBC that may prevent you from creating a DSN using this method. In this case you should use the command-line or edit the odbc.ini file directly. Note that existing DSNs or those that you create via the myodbc3i or myodbc-installertool can still be checked and edited using ODBC Administrator.

To create a DSN using the myodbc3i utility, you need only specify the DSN type and the DSN connection string. For example:

shell> myodbc3i -a -s -t"DSN=mydb;DRIVER=MySQL ODBC 3.51 Driver;SERVER=mysql;USER=username;PASSWORD=pass"

To use ODBC Administrator:

  1. Open the ODBC Administrator from the Utilities folder in the Applications folder.

    ODBC Administrator Main
              Panel Dialog
  2. On the User DSN or System DSN panel, click Add.

  3. Select the Connector/ODBC driver and click OK.

  4. You will be presented with the Data Source Name dialog. Enter The Data Source Name and an optional Description for the DSN.

    ODBC Administrator Add
                DSN Dialog

  5. Click Add to add a new keyword/value pair to the panel. You should configure at least four pairs to specify the server, username, password and database connection parameters. See Section 20.1.4.2, “Connector/ODBC Connection Parameters”.

  6. Click OK to add the DSN to the list of configured data source names.

A completed DSN configuration may look like this:

ODBC Administrator Sample
          DSN Dialog

You can configure additional ODBC options to your DSN by adding further keyword/value pairs and setting the corresponding values. See Section 20.1.4.2, “Connector/ODBC Connection Parameters”.

20.1.4.5. Configuring a Connector/ODBC DSN on Unix

On Unix, you configure DSN entries directly in the odbc.ini file. Here is a typical odbc.ini file that configures myodbc3 as the DSN name for Connector/ODBC 3.51:

;
;  odbc.ini configuration for Connector/ODBC and Connector/ODBC 3.51 drivers
;

[ODBC Data Sources]
myodbc3     = MyODBC 3.51 Driver DSN

[myodbc3]
Driver       = /usr/local/lib/libmyodbc3.so
Description  = Connector/ODBC 3.51 Driver DSN
SERVER       = localhost
PORT         =
USER         = root
Password     =
Database     = test
OPTION       = 3
SOCKET       =

[Default]
Driver       = /usr/local/lib/libmyodbc3.so
Description  = Connector/ODBC 3.51 Driver DSN
SERVER       = localhost
PORT         =
USER         = root
Password     =
Database     = test
OPTION       = 3
SOCKET       =

Refer to the Section 20.1.4.2, “Connector/ODBC Connection Parameters”, for the list of connection parameters that can be supplied.

Note

If you are using unixODBC, you can use the following tools to set up the DSN:

In some cases when using unixODBC, you might get this error:

Data source name not found and no default driver specified

If this happens, make sure the ODBCINI and ODBCSYSINI environment variables are pointing to the right odbc.ini file. For example, if your odbc.ini file is located in /usr/local/etc, set the environment variables like this:

export ODBCINI=/usr/local/etc/odbc.ini
export ODBCSYSINI=/usr/local/etc

20.1.4.6. Connecting Without a Predefined DSN

You can connect to the MySQL server using SQLDriverConnect, by specifying the DRIVER name field. Here are the connection strings for Connector/ODBC using DSN-Less connections:

For Connector/ODBC 3.51:

ConnectionString = "DRIVER={MySQL ODBC 3.51 Driver};\
                   SERVER=localhost;\
                   DATABASE=test;\
                   USER=venu;\
                   PASSWORD=venu;\
                   OPTION=3;"

If your programming language converts backslash followed by whitespace to a space, it is preferable to specify the connection string as a single long string, or to use a concatenation of multiple strings that does not add spaces in between. For example:

ConnectionString = "DRIVER={MySQL ODBC 3.51 Driver};"
                   "SERVER=localhost;"
                   "DATABASE=test;"
                   "USER=venu;"
                   "PASSWORD=venu;"
                   "OPTION=3;"

Note.  Note that on Mac OS X you may need to specify the full path to the Connector/ODBC driver library.

Refer to the Section 20.1.4.2, “Connector/ODBC Connection Parameters”, for the list of connection parameters that can be supplied.

20.1.4.7. ODBC Connection Pooling

Connection pooling enables the ODBC driver to re-use existing connections to a given database from a pool of connections, instead of opening a new connection each time the database is accessed. By enabling connection pooling you can improve the overall performance of your application by lowering the time taken to open a connection to a database in the connection pool.

For more information about connection pooling: http://support.microsoft.com/default.aspx?scid=kb;EN-US;q169470.

20.1.4.8. Getting an ODBC Trace File

If you encounter difficulties or problems with Connector/ODBC, you should start by making a log file from the ODBC Manager and Connector/ODBC. This is called tracing, and is enabled through the ODBC Manager. The procedure for this differs for Windows, Mac OS X and Unix.

20.1.4.8.1. Enabling ODBC Tracing on Windows

To enable the trace option on Windows:

  1. The Tracing tab of the ODBC Data Source Administrator dialog box enables you to configure the way ODBC function calls are traced.

    ODBC Data Source Administrator Tracing
                Dialog
  2. When you activate tracing from the Tracing tab, the Driver Manager logs all ODBC function calls for all subsequently run applications.

  3. ODBC function calls from applications running before tracing is activated are not logged. ODBC function calls are recorded in a log file you specify.

  4. Tracing ceases only after you click Stop Tracing Now. Remember that while tracing is on, the log file continues to increase in size and that tracing affects the performance of all your ODBC applications.

20.1.4.8.2. Enabling ODBC Tracing on Mac OS X

To enable the trace option on Mac OS X 10.3 or later you should use the Tracing tab within ODBC Administrator .

  1. Open the ODBC Administrator.

  2. Select the Tracing tab.

    ODBC Administrator Tracing
                Dialog
  3. Select the Enable Tracing checkbox.

  4. Enter the location where you want to save the Tracing log. If you want to append information to an existing log file, click the Choose... button.

20.1.4.8.3. Enabling ODBC Tracing on Unix

To enable the trace option on Mac OS X 10.2 (or earlier) or Unix you must add the trace option to the ODBC configuration:

  1. On Unix, you need to explicitly set the Trace option in the ODBC.INI file.

    Set the tracing ON or OFF by using TraceFile and Trace parameters in odbc.ini as shown below:

    TraceFile  = /tmp/odbc.trace
    Trace      = 1
    

    TraceFile specifies the name and full path of the trace file and Trace is set to ON or OFF. You can also use 1 or YES for ON and 0 or NO for OFF. If you are using ODBCConfig from unixODBC, then follow the instructions for tracing unixODBC calls at HOWTO-ODBCConfig.

20.1.4.8.4. Enabling a Connector/ODBC Log

To generate a Connector/ODBC log, do the following:

  1. Within Windows, enable the Trace Connector/ODBC option flag in the Connector/ODBC connect/configure screen. The log is written to file C:\myodbc.log. If the trace option is not remembered when you are going back to the above screen, it means that you are not using the myodbcd.dll driver, see Section 20.1.4.3.3, “Errors and Debugging”.

    On Mac OS X, Unix, or if you are using DSN-Less connection, then you need to supply OPTION=4 in the connection string or set the corresponding keyword/value pair in the DSN.

  2. Start your application and try to get it to fail. Then check the Connector/ODBC trace file to find out what could be wrong.

If you need help determining what is wrong, see Section 20.1.8.1, “Connector/ODBC Community Support”.

20.1.5. Connector/ODBC Examples

Once you have configured a DSN to provide access to a database, how you access and use that connection is dependent on the application or programming language. As ODBC is a standardized interface, any application or language that supports ODBC can use the DSN and connect to the configured database.

20.1.5.1. Basic Connector/ODBC Application Steps

Interacting with a MySQL server from an applications using the Connector/ODBC typically involves the following operations:

  • Configure the Connector/ODBC DSN

  • Connect to MySQL server

  • Initialization operations

  • Execute SQL statements

  • Retrieve results

  • Perform Transactions

  • Disconnect from the server

Most applications use some variation of these steps. The basic application steps are shown in the following diagram:

Connector/ODBC Programming
          Flowchart

20.1.5.2. Step-by-step Guide to Connecting to a MySQL Database through Connector/ODBC

A typical installation situation where you would install Connector/ODBC is when you want to access a database on a Linux or Unix host from a Windows machine.

As an example of the process required to set up access between two machines, the steps below take you through the basic steps. These instructions assume that you want to connect to system ALPHA from system BETA with a user name and password of myuser and mypassword.

On system ALPHA (the MySQL server) follow these steps:

  1. Start the MySQL server.

  2. Use GRANT to set up an account with a user name of myuser that can connect from system BETA using a password of myuser to the database test:

    GRANT ALL ON test.* to 'myuser'@'BETA' IDENTIFIED BY 'mypassword';

    For more information about MySQL privileges, refer to Section 5.5, “MySQL User Account Management”.

On system BETA (the Connector/ODBC client), follow these steps:

  1. Configure a Connector/ODBC DSN using parameters that match the server, database and authentication information that you have just configured on system ALPHA.

    ParameterValueComment
    DSNremote_testA name to identify the connection.
    SERVERALPHAThe address of the remote server.
    DATABASEtestThe name of the default database.
    USERmyuserThe user name configured for access to this database.
    PASSWORDmypasswordThe password for myuser.
  2. Using an ODBC-capable application, such as Microsoft Office, connect to the MySQL server using the DSN you have just created. If the connection fails, use tracing to examine the connection process. See Section 20.1.4.8, “Getting an ODBC Trace File”, for more information.

20.1.5.3. Connector/ODBC and Third-Party ODBC Tools

Once you have configured your Connector/ODBC DSN, you can access your MySQL database through any application that supports the ODBC interface, including programming languages and third-party applications. This section contains guides and help on using Connector/ODBC with various ODBC-compatible tools and applications, including Microsoft Word, Microsoft Excel and Adobe/Macromedia ColdFusion.

Connector/ODBC has been tested with the following applications.

PublisherApplicationNotes
AdobeColdFusionFormerly Macromedia ColdFusion
BorlandC++ Builder 
 Builder 4 
 Delphi 
Business ObjectsCrystal Reports 
ClarisFilemaker Pro 
CorelParadox 
Computer AssociatesVisual ObjectsAlso known as CAVO
 AllFusion ERwin Data Modeler 
GuptaTeam DeveloperPreviously known as Centura Team Developer; Gupta SQL/Windows
GensymG2-ODBC Bridge 
InlineiHTML 
LotusNotesVersions 4.5 and 4.6
MicrosoftAccess 
 Excel 
 Visio Enterprise 
 Visual C++ 
 Visual Basic 
 ODBC.NETUsing C#, Visual Basic, C++
 FoxPro 
 Visual Interdev 
OpenOffice.orgOpenOffice.org 
PerlDBD::ODBC 
Pervasive SoftwareDataJunction 
Sambar TechnologiesSambar Server 
SPSSSPSS 
SoftVelocityClarion 
SQLExpressSQLExpress for Xbase++ 
SunStarOffice 
SunSystemsVision 
SybasePowerBuilder 
 PowerDesigner 
theKompany.comData Architect 

If you know of any other applications that work with Connector/ODBC, please send mail to about them.

20.1.5.4. Using Connector/ODBC with Microsoft Access

You can use MySQL database with Microsoft Access using Connector/ODBC. The MySQL database can be used as an import source, an export source, or as a linked table for direct use within an Access application, so you can use Access as the front-end interface to a MySQL database.

20.1.5.4.1. Exporting Access Data to MySQL

To export a table of data from an Access database to MySQL, follow these instructions:

  1. When you open an Access database or an Access project, a Database window appears. It displays shortcuts for creating new database objects and opening existing objects.

    Access Database
  2. Click the name of the table or query you want to export, and then in the File menu, select Export.

  3. In the Export Object Type Object name To dialog box, in the Save As Type box, select ODBC Databases () as shown here:

    Selecting an ODBC Database
  4. In the Export dialog box, enter a name for the file (or use the suggested name), and then select OK.

  5. The Select Data Source dialog box is displayed; it lists the defined data sources for any ODBC drivers installed on your computer. Click either the File Data Source or Machine Data Source tab, and then double-click the Connector/ODBC or Connector/ODBC 3.51 data source that you want to export to. To define a new data source for Connector/ODBC, please Section 20.1.4.3, “Configuring a Connector/ODBC DSN on Windows”.

Note

Ensure that the information that you are exporting to the MySQL table is valid for the corresponding MySQL data types. Values that are outside of the supported range of the MySQL data type but valid within Access may trigger an “overflow” error during the export.

Microsoft Access connects to the MySQL Server through this data source and exports new tables and or data.

20.1.5.4.2. Importing MySQL Data to Access

To import a table or tables from MySQL to Access, follow these instructions:

  1. Open a database, or switch to the Database window for the open database.

  2. To import tables, on the File menu, point to Get External Data, and then click Import.

  3. In the Import dialog box, in the Files Of Type box, select ODBC Databases (). The Select Data Source dialog box lists the defined data sources The Select Data Source dialog box is displayed; it lists the defined data source names.

  4. If the ODBC data source that you selected requires you to log on, enter your login ID and password (additional information might also be required), and then click OK.

  5. Microsoft Access connects to the MySQL server through ODBC data source and displays the list of tables that you can import.

  6. Click each table that you want to import, and then click OK.

20.1.5.4.3. Using Microsoft Access as a Front-end to MySQL

You can use Microsoft Access as a front end to a MySQL database by linking tables within your Microsoft Access database to tables that exist within your MySQL database. When a query is requested on a table within Access, ODBC is used to execute the queries on the MySQL database instead.

To create a linked table:

  1. Open the Access database that you want to link to MySQL.

  2. From the File, choose Get External Data->Link Tables.

    Linking Microsoft Access tables to
                MySQL tables
  3. From the browser, choose ODBC Databases () from the Files of type pop-up.

  4. In the Select Data Source window, choose an existing DSN, either from a File Data Source or Machine Data Source.You can also create a new DSN using the New... button. For more information on creating a DSN see Section 20.1.4.3, “Configuring a Connector/ODBC DSN on Windows”.

    Linking Microsoft Access tables to
                MySQL tables, choosing a DSN
  5. In the Link Tables dialog, select one or more tables from the MySQL database. A link will be created to each table that you select from this list.

    Linking Microsoft Access tables to
                MySQL tables, table selection
  6. If Microsoft Access is unable to determine the unique record identifier for a table automatically then it may ask you to confirm the column, or combination of columns, to be used to uniquely identify each row from the source table. Select the columns you want to use and click OK.

    Linking Microsoft Access tables to
                MySQL tables, choosing unique record identifier

Once the process has been completed, you can now build interfaces and queries to the linked tables just as you would for any Access database.

Use the following procedure to view or to refresh links when the structure or location of a linked table has changed. The Linked Table Manager lists the paths to all currently linked tables.

To view or refresh links:

  1. Open the database that contains links to MySQL tables.

  2. On the Tools menu, point to Add-ins (Database Utilities in Access 2000 or newer), and then click Linked Table Manager.

  3. Select the check box for the tables whose links you want to refresh.

  4. Click OK to refresh the links.

Microsoft Access confirms a successful refresh or, if the table wasn't found, displays the Select New Location of <table name> dialog box in which you can specify its the table's new location. If several selected tables have moved to the new location that you specify, the Linked Table Manager searches that location for all selected tables, and updates all links in one step.

To change the path for a set of linked tables:

  1. Open the database that contains links to tables.

  2. On the Tools menu, point to Add-ins (Database Utilities in Access 2000 or newer), and then click Linked Table Manager.

  3. Select the Always Prompt For A New Location check box.

  4. Select the check box for the tables whose links you want to change, and then click OK.

  5. In the Select New Location of <table name> dialog box, specify the new location, click Open, and then click OK.

20.1.5.5. Using Connector/ODBC with Microsoft Word or Excel

You can use Microsoft Word and Microsoft Excel to access information from a MySQL database using Connector/ODBC. Within Microsoft Word, this facility is most useful when importing data for mailmerge, or for tables and data to be included in reports. Within Microsoft Excel, you can execute queries on your MySQL server and import the data directly into an Excel Worksheet, presenting the data as a series of rows and columns.

With both applications, data is accessed and imported into the application using Microsoft Query , which enables you to execute a query though an ODBC source. You use Microsoft Query to build the SQL statement to be executed, selecting the tables, fields, selection criteria and sort order. For example, to insert information from a table in the World test database into an Excel spreadsheet, using the DSN samples shown in Section 20.1.4, “Connector/ODBC Configuration”:

  1. Create a new Worksheet.

  2. From the Data menu, choose Import External Data, and then select New Database Query.

  3. Microsoft Query will start. First, you need to choose the data source, by selecting an existing Data Source Name.

    Microsoft Query, Choose Data
              Source
  4. Within the Query Wizard, you must choose the columns that you want to import. The list of tables available to the user configured through the DSN is shown on the left, the columns that will be added to your query are shown on the right. The columns you choose are equivalent to those in the first section of a SELECT query. Click Next to continue.

    Microsoft Query, Choose Columns
  5. You can filter rows from the query (the equivalent of a WHERE clause) using the Filter Data dialog. Click Next to continue.

    Microsoft Query, Filter Data
  6. Select an (optional) sort order for the data. This is equivalent to using a ORDER BY clause in your SQL query. You can select up to three fields for sorting the information returned by the query. Click Next to continue.

    Microsoft Query, Sort Order
  7. Select the destination for your query. You can select to return the data Microsoft Excel, where you can choose a worksheet and cell where the data will be inserted; you can continue to view the query and results within Microsoft Query, where you can edit the SQL query and further filter and sort the information returned; or you can create an OLAP Cube from the query, which can then be used directly within Microsoft Excel. Click Finish.

    Microsoft Query, Selecting a
              destination

The same process can be used to import data into a Word document, where the data will be inserted as a table. This can be used for mail merge purposes (where the field data is read from a Word table), or where you want to include data and reports within a report or other document.

20.1.5.6. Using Connector/ODBC with Crystal Reports

Crystal Reports can use an ODBC DSN to connect to a database from which you to extract data and information for reporting purposes.

Note

There is a known issue with certain versions of Crystal Reports where the application is unable to open and browse tables and fields through an ODBC connection. Before using Crystal Reports with MySQL, please ensure that you have update to the latest version, including any outstanding service packs and hotfixes. For more information on this issue, see the Business) Objects Knowledgebase for more information.

For example, to create a simple crosstab report within Crystal Reports XI, you should follow these steps:

  1. Create a DSN using the Data Sources (ODBC) tool. You can either specify a complete database, including user name and password, or you can build a basic DSN and use Crystal Reports to set the user name and password.

    For the purposes of this example, a DSN that provides a connection to an instance of the MySQL Sakila sample database has been created.

  2. Open Crystal Reports and create a new project, or an open an existing reporting project into which you want to insert data from your MySQL data source.

  3. Start the Cross-Tab Report Wizard, either by clicking on the option on the Start Page. Expand the Create New Connection folder, then expand the ODBC (RDO) folder to obtain a list of ODBC data sources.

    You will be asked to select a data source.

    Selecting an Data Source in Crystal
              Reports
  4. When you first expand the ODBC (RDO) folder you will be presented the Data Source Selection screen. From here you can select either a pre-configured DSN, open a file-based DSN or enter and manual connection string. For this example, the Sakila DSN will be used.

    If the DSN contains a user name/password combination, or you want to use different authentication credentials, click Next to enter the user name and password that you want to use. Otherwise, click Finish to continue the data source selection wizard.

    Selecting an ODBC Data Source in Crystal
              Reports
  5. You will be returned the Cross-Tab Report Creation Wizard. You now need to select the database and tables that you want to include in your report. For our example, we will expand the selected Sakila database. Click the city table and use the > button to add the table to the report. Then repeat the action with the country table. Alternatively you can select multiple tables and add them to the report.

    Finally, you can select the parent Sakila resource and add of the tables to the report.

    Once you have selected the tables you want to include, click Next to continue.

    Selecting an tables in Crystal
              Reports
  6. Crystal Reports will now read the table definitions and automatically identify the links between the tables. The identification of links between tables enables Crystal Reports to automatically lookup and summarize information based on all the tables in the database according to your query. If Crystal Reports is unable to perform the linking itself, you can manually create the links between fields in the tables you have selected.

    Click Next to continue the process.

    Table links/structure in Crystal
              Reports
  7. You can now select the columns and rows that you wish to include within the Cross-Tab report. Drag and drop or use the > buttons to add fields to each area of the report. In the example shown, we will report on cities, organized by country, incorporating a count of the number of cities within each country. If you want to browse the data, select a field and click the Browse Data... button.

    Click Next to create a graph of the results. Since we are not creating a graph from this data, click Finish to generate the report.

    Cross-tab definition in Crystal
              Reports
  8. The finished report will be shown, a sample of the output from the Sakila sample database is shown below.

    Cross-tab final report in Crystal
              Reports

Once the ODBC connection has been opened within Crystal Reports, you can browse and add any fields within the available tables into your reports.

20.1.5.7. Connector/ODBC Programming

With a suitable ODBC Manager and the Connector/ODBC driver installed, any programming language or environment that can support ODBC should be able to connect to a MySQL database through Connector/ODBC.

This includes, but is certainly not limited to, Microsoft support languages (including Visual Basic, C# and interfaces such as ODBC.NET), Perl (through the DBI module, and the DBD::ODBC driver).

20.1.5.7.1. Using Connector/ODBC with Visual Basic Using ADO, DAO and RDO

This section contains simple examples of the use of MySQL ODBC 3.51 Driver with ADO, DAO and RDO.

20.1.5.7.1.1. ADO: rs.addNew, rs.delete, and rs.update

The following ADO (ActiveX Data Objects) example creates a table my_ado and demonstrates the use of rs.addNew, rs.delete, and rs.update.

Private Sub myodbc_ado_Click()

Dim conn As ADODB.Connection
Dim rs As ADODB.Recordset
Dim fld As ADODB.Field
Dim sql As String

'connect to MySQL server using MySQL ODBC 3.51 Driver
Set conn = New ADODB.Connection
conn.ConnectionString = "DRIVER={MySQL ODBC 3.51 Driver};"_
& "SERVER=localhost;"_
& " DATABASE=test;"_
& "UID=venu;PWD=venu; OPTION=3"

conn.Open

'create table
conn.Execute "DROP TABLE IF EXISTS my_ado"
conn.Execute "CREATE TABLE my_ado(id int not null primary key, name varchar(20)," _
& "txt text, dt date, tm time, ts timestamp)"

'direct insert
conn.Execute "INSERT INTO my_ado(id,name,txt) values(1,100,'venu')"
conn.Execute "INSERT INTO my_ado(id,name,txt) values(2,200,'MySQL')"
conn.Execute "INSERT INTO my_ado(id,name,txt) values(3,300,'Delete')"

Set rs = New ADODB.Recordset
rs.CursorLocation = adUseServer

'fetch the initial table ..
rs.Open "SELECT * FROM my_ado", conn
Debug.Print rs.RecordCount
rs.MoveFirst
Debug.Print String(50, "-") & "Initial my_ado Result Set " & String(50, "-")
For Each fld In rs.Fields
Debug.Print fld.Name,
Next
Debug.Print

Do Until rs.EOF
For Each fld In rs.Fields
Debug.Print fld.Value,
Next
rs.MoveNext
Debug.Print
Loop
rs.Close

'rs insert
rs.Open "select * from my_ado", conn, adOpenDynamic, adLockOptimistic
rs.AddNew
rs!Name = "Monty"
rs!txt = "Insert row"
rs.Update
rs.Close

'rs update
rs.Open "SELECT * FROM my_ado"
rs!Name = "update"
rs!txt = "updated-row"
rs.Update
rs.Close

'rs update second time..
rs.Open "SELECT * FROM my_ado"
rs!Name = "update"
rs!txt = "updated-second-time"
rs.Update
rs.Close

'rs delete
rs.Open "SELECT * FROM my_ado"
rs.MoveNext
rs.MoveNext
rs.Delete
rs.Close

'fetch the updated table ..
rs.Open "SELECT * FROM my_ado", conn
Debug.Print rs.RecordCount
rs.MoveFirst
Debug.Print String(50, "-") & "Updated my_ado Result Set " & String(50, "-")
For Each fld In rs.Fields
Debug.Print fld.Name,
Next
Debug.Print

Do Until rs.EOF
For Each fld In rs.Fields
Debug.Print fld.Value,
Next
rs.MoveNext
Debug.Print
Loop
rs.Close
conn.Close
End Sub
20.1.5.7.1.2. DAO: rs.addNew, rs.update, and Scrolling

The following DAO (Data Access Objects) example creates a table my_dao and demonstrates the use of rs.addNew, rs.update, and result set scrolling.

Private Sub myodbc_dao_Click()

Dim ws As Workspace
Dim conn As Connection
Dim queryDef As queryDef
Dim str As String

'connect to MySQL using MySQL ODBC 3.51 Driver
Set ws = DBEngine.CreateWorkspace("", "venu", "venu", dbUseODBC)
str = "odbc;DRIVER={MySQL ODBC 3.51 Driver};"_
& "SERVER=localhost;"_
& " DATABASE=test;"_
& "UID=venu;PWD=venu; OPTION=3"
Set conn = ws.OpenConnection("test", dbDriverNoPrompt, False, str)

'Create table my_dao
Set queryDef = conn.CreateQueryDef("", "drop table if exists my_dao")
queryDef.Execute

Set queryDef = conn.CreateQueryDef("", "create table my_dao(Id INT AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY, " _
& "Ts TIMESTAMP(14) NOT NULL, Name varchar(20), Id2 INT)")
queryDef.Execute

'Insert new records using rs.addNew
Set rs = conn.OpenRecordset("my_dao")
Dim i As Integer

For i = 10 To 15
rs.AddNew
rs!Name = "insert record" & i
rs!Id2 = i
rs.Update
Next i
rs.Close

'rs update..
Set rs = conn.OpenRecordset("my_dao")
rs.Edit
rs!Name = "updated-string"
rs.Update
rs.Close

'fetch the table back...
Set rs = conn.OpenRecordset("my_dao", dbOpenDynamic)
str = "Results:"
rs.MoveFirst
While Not rs.EOF
str = " " & rs!Id & " , " & rs!Name & ", " & rs!Ts & ", " & rs!Id2
Debug.Print "DATA:" & str
rs.MoveNext
Wend

'rs Scrolling
rs.MoveFirst
str = " FIRST ROW: " & rs!Id & " , " & rs!Name & ", " & rs!Ts & ", " & rs!Id2
Debug.Print str

rs.MoveLast
str = " LAST ROW: " & rs!Id & " , " & rs!Name & ", " & rs!Ts & ", " & rs!Id2
Debug.Print str

rs.MovePrevious
str = " LAST-1 ROW: " & rs!Id & " , " & rs!Name & ", " & rs!Ts & ", " & rs!Id2
Debug.Print str

'free all resources
rs.Close
queryDef.Close
conn.Close
ws.Close

End Sub
20.1.5.7.1.3. RDO: rs.addNew and rs.update

The following RDO (Remote Data Objects) example creates a table my_rdo and demonstrates the use of rs.addNew and rs.update.

Dim rs As rdoResultset
Dim cn As New rdoConnection
Dim cl As rdoColumn
Dim SQL As String

'cn.Connect = "DSN=test;"
cn.Connect = "DRIVER={MySQL ODBC 3.51 Driver};"_
& "SERVER=localhost;"_
& " DATABASE=test;"_
& "UID=venu;PWD=venu; OPTION=3"

cn.CursorDriver = rdUseOdbc
cn.EstablishConnection rdDriverPrompt


'drop table my_rdo
SQL = "drop table if exists my_rdo"
cn.Execute SQL, rdExecDirect

'create table my_rdo
SQL = "create table my_rdo(id int, name varchar(20))"
cn.Execute SQL, rdExecDirect

'insert - direct
SQL = "insert into my_rdo values (100,'venu')"
cn.Execute SQL, rdExecDirect

SQL = "insert into my_rdo values (200,'MySQL')"
cn.Execute SQL, rdExecDirect

'rs insert
SQL = "select * from my_rdo"
Set rs = cn.OpenResultset(SQL, rdOpenStatic, rdConcurRowVer, rdExecDirect)
rs.AddNew
rs!id = 300
rs!Name = "Insert1"
rs.Update
rs.Close

'rs insert
SQL = "select * from my_rdo"
Set rs = cn.OpenResultset(SQL, rdOpenStatic, rdConcurRowVer, rdExecDirect)
rs.AddNew
rs!id = 400
rs!Name = "Insert 2"
rs.Update
rs.Close

'rs update
SQL = "select * from my_rdo"
Set rs = cn.OpenResultset(SQL, rdOpenStatic, rdConcurRowVer, rdExecDirect)
rs.Edit
rs!id = 999
rs!Name = "updated"
rs.Update
rs.Close

'fetch back...
SQL = "select * from my_rdo"
Set rs = cn.OpenResultset(SQL, rdOpenStatic, rdConcurRowVer, rdExecDirect)
Do Until rs.EOF
For Each cl In rs.rdoColumns
Debug.Print cl.Value,
Next
rs.MoveNext
Debug.Print
Loop
Debug.Print "Row count="; rs.RowCount

'close
rs.Close
cn.Close

End Sub
20.1.5.7.2. Using Connector/ODBC with .NET

This section contains simple examples that demonstrate the use of Connector/ODBC drivers with ODBC.NET.

20.1.5.7.2.1. Using Connector/ODBC with ODBC.NET and C# (C sharp)

The following sample creates a table my_odbc_net and demonstrates its use in C#.

/**
 * @sample    : mycon.cs
 * @purpose   : Demo sample for ODBC.NET using Connector/ODBC
 * @author    : Venu, 
 *
 * (C) Copyright MySQL AB, 1995-2006
 *
 **/

/* build command
 *
 *  csc /t:exe
 *      /out:mycon.exe mycon.cs
 *      /r:Microsoft.Data.Odbc.dll
 */

using Console = System.Console;
using Microsoft.Data.Odbc;

namespace myodbc3
{
  class mycon
  {
    static void Main(string[] args)
    {
      try
        {
          //Connection string for Connector/ODBC 3.51
          string MyConString = "DRIVER={MySQL ODBC 3.51 Driver};" +
            "SERVER=localhost;" +
            "DATABASE=test;" +
            "UID=venu;" +
            "PASSWORD=venu;" +
            "OPTION=3";

          //Connect to MySQL using Connector/ODBC
          OdbcConnection MyConnection = new OdbcConnection(MyConString);
          MyConnection.Open();

          Console.WriteLine("\n !!! success, connected successfully !!!\n");

          //Display connection information
          Console.WriteLine("Connection Information:");
          Console.WriteLine("\tConnection String:" +
                            MyConnection.ConnectionString);
          Console.WriteLine("\tConnection Timeout:" +
                            MyConnection.ConnectionTimeout);
          Console.WriteLine("\tDatabase:" +
                            MyConnection.Database);
          Console.WriteLine("\tDataSource:" +
                            MyConnection.DataSource);
          Console.WriteLine("\tDriver:" +
                            MyConnection.Driver);
          Console.WriteLine("\tServerVersion:" +
                            MyConnection.ServerVersion);

          //Create a sample table
          OdbcCommand MyCommand =
            new OdbcCommand("DROP TABLE IF EXISTS my_odbc_net",
                            MyConnection);
          MyCommand.ExecuteNonQuery();
          MyCommand.CommandText =
            "CREATE TABLE my_odbc_net(id int, name varchar(20), idb bigint)";
          MyCommand.ExecuteNonQuery();

          //Insert
          MyCommand.CommandText =
            "INSERT INTO my_odbc_net VALUES(10,'venu', 300)";
          Console.WriteLine("INSERT, Total rows affected:" +
                            MyCommand.ExecuteNonQuery());;

          //Insert
          MyCommand.CommandText =
            "INSERT INTO my_odbc_net VALUES(20,'mysql',400)";
          Console.WriteLine("INSERT, Total rows affected:" +
                            MyCommand.ExecuteNonQuery());

          //Insert
          MyCommand.CommandText =
            "INSERT INTO my_odbc_net VALUES(20,'mysql',500)";
          Console.WriteLine("INSERT, Total rows affected:" +
                            MyCommand.ExecuteNonQuery());

          //Update
          MyCommand.CommandText =
            "UPDATE my_odbc_net SET id=999 WHERE id=20";
          Console.WriteLine("Update, Total rows affected:" +
                            MyCommand.ExecuteNonQuery());

          //COUNT(*)
          MyCommand.CommandText =
            "SELECT COUNT(*) as TRows FROM my_odbc_net";
          Console.WriteLine("Total Rows:" +
                            MyCommand.ExecuteScalar());

          //Fetch
          MyCommand.CommandText = "SELECT * FROM my_odbc_net";
          OdbcDataReader MyDataReader;
          MyDataReader =  MyCommand.ExecuteReader();
          while (MyDataReader.Read())
            {
              if(string.Compare(MyConnection.Driver,"myodbc3.dll") == 0) {
                //Supported only by Connector/ODBC 3.51
                Console.WriteLine("Data:" + MyDataReader.GetInt32(0) + " " +
                                  MyDataReader.GetString(1) + " " +
                                  MyDataReader.GetInt64(2));
              }
              else {
                //BIGINTs not supported by Connector/ODBC
                Console.WriteLine("Data:" + MyDataReader.GetInt32(0) + " " +
                                  MyDataReader.GetString(1) + " " +
                                  MyDataReader.GetInt32(2));
              }
            }

          //Close all resources
          MyDataReader.Close();
          MyConnection.Close();
        }
      catch (OdbcException MyOdbcException) //Catch any ODBC exception ..
        {
          for (int i=0; i < MyOdbcException.Errors.Count; i++)
            {
              Console.Write("ERROR #" + i + "\n" +
                            "Message: " +
                            MyOdbcException.Errors[i].Message + "\n" +
                            "Native: " +
                            MyOdbcException.Errors[i].NativeError.ToString() + "\n" +
                            "Source: " +
                            MyOdbcException.Errors[i].Source + "\n" +
                            "SQL: " +
                            MyOdbcException.Errors[i].SQLState + "\n");
            }
        }
    }
  }
}
20.1.5.7.2.2. Using Connector/ODBC with ODBC.NET and Visual Basic

The following sample creates a table my_vb_net and demonstrates the use in VB.

' @sample    : myvb.vb
' @purpose   : Demo sample for ODBC.NET using Connector/ODBC
' @author    : Venu, 
'
' (C) Copyright MySQL AB, 1995-2006
'
'

'
' build command
'
' vbc /target:exe
'     /out:myvb.exe
'     /r:Microsoft.Data.Odbc.dll
'     /r:System.dll
'     /r:System.Data.dll
'

Imports Microsoft.Data.Odbc
Imports System

Module myvb
  Sub Main()
    Try

      'Connector/ODBC 3.51 connection string
      Dim MyConString As String = "DRIVER={MySQL ODBC 3.51 Driver};" & _
      "SERVER=localhost;" & _
      "DATABASE=test;" & _
      "UID=venu;" & _
      "PASSWORD=venu;" & _
      "OPTION=3;"

      'Connection
      Dim MyConnection As New OdbcConnection(MyConString)
      MyConnection.Open()

      Console.WriteLine("Connection State::" & MyConnection.State.ToString)

      'Drop
      Console.WriteLine("Dropping table")
      Dim MyCommand As New OdbcCommand()
      MyCommand.Connection = MyConnection
      MyCommand.CommandText = "DROP TABLE IF EXISTS my_vb_net"
      MyCommand.ExecuteNonQuery()

      'Create
      Console.WriteLine("Creating....")
      MyCommand.CommandText = "CREATE TABLE my_vb_net(id int, name varchar(30))"
      MyCommand.ExecuteNonQuery()

      'Insert
      MyCommand.CommandText = "INSERT INTO my_vb_net VALUES(10,'venu')"
      Console.WriteLine("INSERT, Total rows affected:" & _
      MyCommand.ExecuteNonQuery())

      'Insert
      MyCommand.CommandText = "INSERT INTO my_vb_net VALUES(20,'mysql')"
      Console.WriteLine("INSERT, Total rows affected:" & _
      MyCommand.ExecuteNonQuery())

      'Insert
      MyCommand.CommandText = "INSERT INTO my_vb_net VALUES(20,'mysql')"
      Console.WriteLine("INSERT, Total rows affected:" & _
      MyCommand.ExecuteNonQuery())

      'Insert
      MyCommand.CommandText = "INSERT INTO my_vb_net(id) VALUES(30)"
      Console.WriteLine("INSERT, Total rows affected:" & _
                        MyCommand.ExecuteNonQuery())

      'Update
      MyCommand.CommandText = "UPDATE my_vb_net SET id=999 WHERE id=20"
      Console.WriteLine("Update, Total rows affected:" & _
      MyCommand.ExecuteNonQuery())

      'COUNT(*)
      MyCommand.CommandText = "SELECT COUNT(*) as TRows FROM my_vb_net"
      Console.WriteLine("Total Rows:" & MyCommand.ExecuteScalar())

      'Select
      Console.WriteLine("Select * FROM my_vb_net")
      MyCommand.CommandText = "SELECT * FROM my_vb_net"
      Dim MyDataReader As OdbcDataReader
      MyDataReader = MyCommand.ExecuteReader
      While MyDataReader.Read
        If MyDataReader("name") Is DBNull.Value Then
          Console.WriteLine("id = " & _
          CStr(MyDataReader("id")) & "  name = " & _
          "NULL")
        Else
          Console.WriteLine("id = " & _
          CStr(MyDataReader("id")) & "  name = " & _
          CStr(MyDataReader("name")))
        End If
      End While

      'Catch ODBC Exception
    Catch MyOdbcException As OdbcException
      Dim i As Integer
      Console.WriteLine(MyOdbcException.ToString)

      'Catch program exception
    Catch MyException As Exception
      Console.WriteLine(MyException.ToString)
    End Try
  End Sub

20.1.6. Connector/ODBC Reference

This section provides reference material for the Connector/ODBC API, showing supported functions and methods, supported MySQL column types and the corresponding native type in Connector/ODBC, and the error codes returned by Connector/ODBC when a fault occurs.

20.1.6.1. Connector/ODBC API Reference

This section summarizes ODBC routines, categorized by functionality.

For the complete ODBC API reference, please refer to the ODBC Programmer's Reference at http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms714177.aspx.

An application can call SQLGetInfo function to obtain conformance information about Connector/ODBC. To obtain information about support for a specific function in the driver, an application can call SQLGetFunctions.

Note

For backward compatibility, the Connector/ODBC 3.51 driver supports all deprecated functions.

The following tables list Connector/ODBC API calls grouped by task:

Connecting to a data source

Function nameC/ODBC 3.51StandardPurpose
SQLAllocHandleYesISO 92Obtains an environment, connection, statement, or descriptor handle.
SQLConnectYesISO 92Connects to a specific driver by data source name, user ID, and password.
SQLDriverConnectYesODBCConnects to a specific driver by connection string or requests that the Driver Manager and driver display connection dialog boxes for the user.
SQLAllocEnvYesDeprecatedObtains an environment handle allocated from driver.
SQLAllocConnectYesDeprecatedObtains a connection handle

Obtaining information about a driver and data source

Function nameC/ODBC 3.51StandardPurpose
SQLDataSourcesNoISO 92Returns the list of available data sources, handled by the Driver Manager
SQLDriversNoODBCReturns the list of installed drivers and their attributes, handles by Driver Manager
SQLGetInfoYesISO 92Returns information about a specific driver and data source.
SQLGetFunctionsYesISO 92Returns supported driver functions.
SQLGetTypeInfoYesISO 92Returns information about supported data types.

Setting and retrieving driver attributes

Function nameC/ODBC 3.51StandardPurpose
SQLSetConnectAttrYesISO 92Sets a connection attribute.
SQLGetConnectAttrYesISO 92Returns the value of a connection attribute.
SQLSetConnectOptionYesDeprecatedSets a connection option
SQLGetConnectOptionYesDeprecatedReturns the value of a connection option
SQLSetEnvAttrYesISO 92Sets an environment attribute.
SQLGetEnvAttrYesISO 92Returns the value of an environment attribute.
SQLSetStmtAttrYesISO 92Sets a statement attribute.
SQLGetStmtAttrYesISO 92Returns the value of a statement attribute.
SQLSetStmtOptionYesDeprecatedSets a statement option
SQLGetStmtOptionYesDeprecatedReturns the value of a statement option

Preparing SQL requests

Function nameC/ODBC 3.51StandardPurpose
SQLAllocStmtYesDeprecatedAllocates a statement handle
SQLPrepareYesISO 92Prepares an SQL statement for later execution.
SQLBindParameterYesODBCAssigns storage for a parameter in an SQL statement.
SQLGetCursorNameYesISO 92Returns the cursor name associated with a statement handle.
SQLSetCursorNameYesISO 92Specifies a cursor name.
SQLSetScrollOptionsYesODBCSets options that control cursor behavior.

Submitting requests

Function nameC/ODBC 3.51StandardPurpose
SQLExecuteYesISO 92Executes a prepared statement.
SQLExecDirectYesISO 92Executes a statement
SQLNativeSqlYesODBCReturns the text of an SQL statement as translated by the driver.
SQLDescribeParamYesODBCReturns the description for a specific parameter in a statement.
SQLNumParamsYesISO 92Returns the number of parameters in a statement.
SQLParamDataYesISO 92Used in conjunction with SQLPutData to supply parameter data at execution time. (Useful for long data values.)
SQLPutDataYesISO 92Sends part or all of a data value for a parameter. (Useful for long data values.)

Retrieving results and information about results

Function nameC/ODBC 3.51StandardPurpose
SQLRowCountYesISO 92Returns the number of rows affected by an insert, update, or delete request.
SQLNumResultColsYesISO 92Returns the number of columns in the result set.
SQLDescribeColYesISO 92Describes a column in the result set.
SQLColAttributeYesISO 92Describes attributes of a column in the result set.
SQLColAttributesYesDeprecatedDescribes attributes of a column in the result set.
SQLFetchYesISO 92Returns multiple result rows.
SQLFetchScrollYesISO 92Returns scrollable result rows.
SQLExtendedFetchYesDeprecatedReturns scrollable result rows.
SQLSetPosYesODBCPositions a cursor within a fetched block of data and allows an application to refresh data in the rowset or to update or delete data in the result set.
SQLBulkOperationsYesODBCPerforms bulk insertions and bulk bookmark operations, including update, delete, and fetch by bookmark.

Retrieving error or diagnostic information

Function nameC/ODBC 3.51StandardPurpose
SQLErrorYesDeprecatedReturns additional error or status information
SQLGetDiagFieldYesISO 92Returns additional diagnostic information (a single field of the diagnostic data structure).
SQLGetDiagRecYesISO 92Returns additional diagnostic information (multiple fields of the diagnostic data structure).

Obtaining information about the data source's system tables (catalog functions) item

Function nameC/ODBC 3.51StandardPurpose
SQLColumnPrivilegesYesODBCReturns a list of columns and associated privileges for one or more tables.
SQLColumnsYesX/OpenReturns the list of column names in specified tables.
SQLForeignKeysYesODBCReturns a list of column names that make up foreign keys, if they exist for a specified table.
SQLPrimaryKeysYesODBCReturns the list of column names that make up the primary key for a table.
SQLSpecialColumnsYesX/OpenReturns information about the optimal set of columns that uniquely identifies a row in a specified table, or the columns that are automatically updated when any value in the row is updated by a transaction.
SQLStatisticsYesISO 92Returns statistics about a single table and the list of indexes associated with the table.
SQLTablePrivilegesYesODBCReturns a list of tables and the privileges associated with each table.
SQLTablesYesX/OpenReturns the list of table names stored in a specific data source.

Performing transactions

Function nameC/ODBC 3.51StandardPurpose
SQLTransactYesDeprecatedCommits or rolls back a transaction
SQLEndTranYesISO 92Commits or rolls back a transaction.

Terminating a statement

Function nameC/ODBC 3.51StandardPurpose
SQLFreeStmtYesISO 92Ends statement processing, discards pending results, and, optionally, frees all resources associated with the statement handle.
SQLCloseCursorYesISO 92Closes a cursor that has been opened on a statement handle.
SQLCancelYesISO 92Cancels an SQL statement.

Terminating a connection

Function nameC/ODBC 3.51StandardPurpose
SQLDisconnectYesISO 92Closes the connection.
SQLFreeHandleYesISO 92Releases an environment, connection, statement, or descriptor handle.
SQLFreeConnectYesDeprecatedReleases connection handle
SQLFreeEnvYesDeprecatedReleases an environment handle

20.1.6.2. Connector/ODBC Data Types

The following table illustrates how driver maps the server data types to default SQL and C data types.

Native ValueSQL TypeC Type
bigint unsignedSQL_BIGINTSQL_C_UBIGINT
bigintSQL_BIGINTSQL_C_SBIGINT
bitSQL_BITSQL_C_BIT
bitSQL_CHARSQL_C_CHAR
blobSQL_LONGVARBINARYSQL_C_BINARY
boolSQL_CHARSQL_C_CHAR
charSQL_CHARSQL_C_CHAR
dateSQL_DATESQL_C_DATE
datetimeSQL_TIMESTAMPSQL_C_TIMESTAMP
decimalSQL_DECIMALSQL_C_CHAR
double precisionSQL_DOUBLESQL_C_DOUBLE
doubleSQL_FLOATSQL_C_DOUBLE
enumSQL_VARCHARSQL_C_CHAR
floatSQL_REALSQL_C_FLOAT
int unsignedSQL_INTEGERSQL_C_ULONG
intSQL_INTEGERSQL_C_SLONG
integer unsignedSQL_INTEGERSQL_C_ULONG
integerSQL_INTEGERSQL_C_SLONG
long varbinarySQL_LONGVARBINARYSQL_C_BINARY
long varcharSQL_LONGVARCHARSQL_C_CHAR
longblobSQL_LONGVARBINARYSQL_C_BINARY
longtextSQL_LONGVARCHARSQL_C_CHAR
mediumblobSQL_LONGVARBINARYSQL_C_BINARY
mediumint unsignedSQL_INTEGERSQL_C_ULONG
mediumintSQL_INTEGERSQL_C_SLONG
mediumtextSQL_LONGVARCHARSQL_C_CHAR
numericSQL_NUMERICSQL_C_CHAR
realSQL_FLOATSQL_C_DOUBLE
setSQL_VARCHARSQL_C_CHAR
smallint unsignedSQL_SMALLINTSQL_C_USHORT
smallintSQL_SMALLINTSQL_C_SSHORT
textSQL_LONGVARCHARSQL_C_CHAR
timeSQL_TIMESQL_C_TIME
timestampSQL_TIMESTAMPSQL_C_TIMESTAMP
tinyblobSQL_LONGVARBINARYSQL_C_BINARY
tinyint unsignedSQL_TINYINTSQL_C_UTINYINT
tinyintSQL_TINYINTSQL_C_STINYINT
tinytextSQL_LONGVARCHARSQL_C_CHAR
varcharSQL_VARCHARSQL_C_CHAR
yearSQL_SMALLINTSQL_C_SHORT

20.1.6.3. Connector/ODBC Error Codes

The following tables lists the error codes returned by the driver apart from the server errors.

Native CodeSQLSTATE 2SQLSTATE 3Error Message
5000100001000General warning
5010100401004String data, right truncated
50201S0201S02Option value changed
50301S0301S03No rows updated/deleted
50401S0401S04More than one row updated/deleted
50501S0601S06Attempt to fetch before the result set returned the first row set
5060700107002SQLBindParameter not used for all parameters
5070700507005Prepared statement not a cursor-specification
5080700907009Invalid descriptor index
5090800208002Connection name in use
5100800308003Connection does not exist
5112400024000Invalid cursor state
5122500025000Invalid transaction state
51325S0125S01Transaction state unknown
5143400034000Invalid cursor name
515S1000HY000General driver defined error
516S1001HY001Memory allocation error
517S1002HY002Invalid column number
518S1003HY003Invalid application buffer type
519S1004HY004Invalid SQL data type
520S1009HY009Invalid use of null pointer
521S1010HY010Function sequence error
522S1011HY011Attribute can not be set now
523S1012HY012Invalid transaction operation code
524S1013HY013Memory management error
525S1015HY015No cursor name available
526S1024HY024Invalid attribute value
527S1090HY090Invalid string or buffer length
528S1091HY091Invalid descriptor field identifier
529S1092HY092Invalid attribute/option identifier
530S1093HY093Invalid parameter number
531S1095HY095Function type out of range
532S1106HY106Fetch type out of range
533S1117HY117Row value out of range
534S1109HY109Invalid cursor position
535S1C00HYC00Optional feature not implemented
021S0121S01Column count does not match value count
02300023000Integrity constraint violation
04200042000Syntax error or access violation
042S0242S02Base table or view not found
042S1242S12Index not found
042S2142S21Column already exists
042S2242S22Column not found
008S0108S01Communication link failure

20.1.7. Connector/ODBC Notes and Tips

Here are some common notes and tips for using Connector/ODBC within different environments, applications and tools. The notes provided here are based on the experiences of Connector/ODBC developers and users.

20.1.7.1. Connector/ODBC General Functionality

This section provides help with common queries and areas of functionality in MySQL and how to use them with Connector/ODBC.

20.1.7.1.1. Obtaining Auto-Increment Values

Obtaining the value of column that uses AUTO_INCREMENT after an INSERT statement can be achieved in a number of different ways. To obtain the value immediately after an INSERT, use a SELECT query with the LAST_INSERT_ID() function.

For example, using Connector/ODBC you would execute two separate statements, the INSERT statement and the SELECT query to obtain the auto-increment value.

INSERT INTO tbl (auto,text) VALUES(NULL,'text');
SELECT LAST_INSERT_ID();

If you do not require the value within your application, but do require the value as part of another INSERT, the entire process can be handled by executing the following statements:

INSERT INTO tbl (auto,text) VALUES(NULL,'text');
INSERT INTO tbl2 (id,text) VALUES(LAST_INSERT_ID(),'text');

Certain ODBC applications (including Delphi and Access) may have trouble obtaining the auto-increment value using the previous examples. In this case, try the following statement as an alternative:

SELECT * FROM tbl WHERE auto IS NULL;

This alternative method requires that sql_auto_is_null variable is not set to 0. See Section 5.1.4, “Session System Variables”.

See also Section 20.8.10.3, “How to Get the Unique ID for the Last Inserted Row”.

20.1.7.1.2. Dynamic Cursor Support

Support for the dynamic cursor is provided in Connector/ODBC 3.51, but dynamic cursors are not enabled by default. You can enable this function within Windows by selecting the Enable Dynamic Cursor checkbox within the ODBC Data Source Administrator.

On other platforms, you can enable the dynamic cursor by adding 32 to the OPTION value when creating the DSN.

20.1.7.1.3. Connector/ODBC Performance

The Connector/ODBC driver has been optimized to provide very fast performance. If you experience problems with the performance of Connector/ODBC, or notice a large amount of disk activity for simple queries, there are a number of aspects you should check:

  • Ensure that ODBC Tracing is not enabled. With tracing enabled, a lot of information is recorded in the tracing file by the ODBC Manager. You can check, and disable, tracing within Windows using the Tracing panel of the ODBC Data Source Administrator. Within Mac OS X, check the Tracing panel of ODBC Administrator. See Section 20.1.4.8, “Getting an ODBC Trace File”.

  • Make sure you are using the standard version of the driver, and not the debug version. The debug version includes additional checks and reporting measures.

  • Disable the Connector/ODBC driver trace and query logs. These options are enabled for each DSN, so make sure to examine only the DSN that you are using in your application. Within Windows, you can disable the Connector/ODBC and query logs by modifying the DSN configuration. Within Mac OS X and Unix, ensure that the driver trace (option value 4) and query logging (option value 524288) are not enabled.

20.1.7.1.4. Setting ODBC Query Timeout in Windows

For more information on how to set the query timeout on Microsoft Windows when executing queries through an ODBC connection, read the Microsoft knowledgebase document at http://support.microsoft.com/default.aspx?scid=kb%3Ben-us%3B153756.

20.1.7.2. Connector/ODBC Application Specific Tips

Most programs should work with Connector/ODBC, but for each of those listed here, there are specific notes and tips to improve or enhance the way you work with Connector/ODBC and these applications.

With all applications you should ensure that you are using the latest Connector/ODBC drivers, ODBC Manager and any supporting libraries and interfaces used by your application. For example, on Windows, using the latest version of Microsoft Data Access Components (MDAC) will improve the compatibility with ODBC in general, and with the Connector/ODBC driver.

20.1.7.2.1. Using Connector/ODBC with Microsoft Applications

The majority of Microsoft applications have been tested with Connector/ODBC, including Microsoft Office, Microsoft Access and the various programming languages supported within ASP and Microsoft Visual Studio.

20.1.7.2.1.1. Microsoft Access

To improve the integration between Microsoft Access and MySQL through Connector/ODBC:

  • For all versions of Access, you should enable the Connector/ODBC Return matching rows option. For Access 2.0, you should additionally enable the Simulate ODBC 1.0 option.

  • You should have a TIMESTAMP column in all tables that you want to be able to update. For maximum portability, do not use a length specification in the column declaration (which is unsupported within MySQL in versions earlier than 4.1).

  • You should have a primary key in each MySQL table you want to use with Access. If not, new or updated rows may show up as #DELETED#.

  • Use only DOUBLE float fields. Access fails when comparing with single-precision floats. The symptom usually is that new or updated rows may show up as #DELETED# or that you cannot find or update rows.

  • If you are using Connector/ODBC to link to a table that has a BIGINT column, the results are displayed as #DELETED#. The work around solution is:

    • Have one more dummy column with TIMESTAMP as the data type.

    • Select the Change BIGINT columns to INT option in the connection dialog in ODBC DSN Administrator.

    • Delete the table link from Access and re-create it.

    Old records may still display as #DELETED#, but newly added/updated records are displayed properly.

  • If you still get the error Another user has changed your data after adding a TIMESTAMP column, the following trick may help you:

    Do not use a table data sheet view. Instead, create a form with the fields you want, and use that form data sheet view. You should set the DefaultValue property for the TIMESTAMP column to NOW(). It may be a good idea to hide the TIMESTAMP column from view so your users are not confused.

  • In some cases, Access may generate SQL statements that MySQL cannot understand. You can fix this by selecting "Query|SQLSpecific|Pass-Through" from the Access menu.

  • On Windows NT, Access reports BLOB columns as OLE OBJECTS. If you want to have MEMO columns instead, you should change BLOB columns to TEXT with ALTER TABLE.

  • Access cannot always handle the MySQL DATE column properly. If you have a problem with these, change the columns to DATETIME.

  • If you have in Access a column defined as BYTE, Access tries to export this as TINYINT instead of TINYINT UNSIGNED. This gives you problems if you have values larger than 127 in the column.

  • If you have very large (long) tables in Access, it might take a very long time to open them. Or you might run low on virtual memory and eventually get an ODBC Query Failed error and the table cannot open. To deal with this, select the following options:

    • Return Matching Rows (2)

    • Allow BIG Results (8).

    These add up to a value of 10 (OPTION=10).

Some external articles and tips that may be useful when using Access, ODBC and Connector/ODBC:

MySQL Enterprise MySQL Enterprise subscribers will find more information about using ODBC with Access in Knowledge Base articles such as Use MySQL-Specific Syntax with Microsoft Access. To subscribe to MySQL Enterprise see http://www.mysql.com/products/enterprise/advisors.html.

20.1.7.2.1.2. Microsoft Excel and Column Types

If you have problems importing data into Microsoft Excel, particularly numerical, date, and time values, this is probably because of a bug in Excel, where the column type of the source data is used to determine the data type when that data is inserted into a cell within the worksheet. The result is that Excel incorrectly identifies the content and this affects both the display format and the data when it is used within calculations.

To address this issue, use the CONCAT() function in your queries. The use of CONCAT() forces Excel to treat the value as a string, which Excel will then parse and usually correctly identify the embedded information.

However, even with this option, some data may be incorrectly formatted, even though the source data remains unchanged. Use the Format Cells option within Excel to change the format of the displayed information.

20.1.7.2.1.3. Microsoft Visual Basic

To be able to update a table, you must define a primary key for the table.

Visual Basic with ADO cannot handle big integers. This means that some queries like SHOW PROCESSLIST do not work properly. The fix is to use OPTION=16384 in the ODBC connect string or to select the Change BIGINT columns to INT option in the Connector/ODBC connect screen. You may also want to select the Return matching rows option.

MySQL Enterprise MySQL Enterprise subscribers can find a discussion about using VBA in the Knowledge Base article, MySQL-Specific Syntax with VBA. To subscribe to MySQL Enterprise see http://www.mysql.com/products/enterprise/advisors.html.

20.1.7.2.1.4. Microsoft Visual InterDev

If you have a BIGINT in your result, you may get the error [Microsoft][ODBC Driver Manager] Driver does not support this parameter. Try selecting the Change BIGINT columns to INT option in the Connector/ODBC connect screen.

20.1.7.2.1.5. Visual Objects

You should select the Don't optimize column widths option.

20.1.7.2.1.6. Microsoft ADO

When you are coding with the ADO API and Connector/ODBC, you need to pay attention to some default properties that aren't supported by the MySQL server. For example, using the CursorLocation Property as adUseServer returns a result of –1 for the RecordCount Property. To have the right value, you need to set this property to adUseClient, as shown in the VB code here:

Dim myconn As New ADODB.Connection
Dim myrs As New Recordset
Dim mySQL As String
Dim myrows As Long

myconn.Open "DSN=MyODBCsample"
mySQL = "SELECT * from user"
myrs.Source = mySQL
Set myrs.ActiveConnection = myconn
myrs.CursorLocation = adUseClient
myrs.Open
myrows = myrs.RecordCount

myrs.Close
myconn.Close

Another workaround is to use a SELECT COUNT(*) statement for a similar query to get the correct row count.

To find the number of rows affected by a specific SQL statement in ADO, use the RecordsAffected property in the ADO execute method. For more information on the usage of execute method, refer to http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/default.asp?url=/library/en-us/ado270/htm/mdmthcnnexecute.asp.

For information, see ActiveX Data Objects(ADO) Frequently Asked Questions.

20.1.7.2.1.7. Using Connector/ODBC with Active Server Pages (ASP)

You should select the Return matching rows option in the DSN.

For more information about how to access MySQL via ASP using Connector/ODBC, refer to the following articles:

A Frequently Asked Questions list for ASP can be found at http://support.microsoft.com/default.aspx?scid=/Support/ActiveServer/faq/data/adofaq.asp.

20.1.7.2.1.8. Using Connector/ODBC with Visual Basic (ADO, DAO and RDO) and ASP

Some articles that may help with Visual Basic and ASP:

20.1.7.2.2. Using Connector/ODBC with Borland Applications

With all Borland applications where the Borland Database Engine (BDE) is used, follow these steps to improve compatibility:

  • Update to BDE 3.2 or newer.

  • Enable the Don't optimize column widths option in the DSN.

  • Enabled the Return matching rows option in the DSN.

20.1.7.2.2.1. Using Connector/ODBC with Borland Builder 4

When you start a query, you can use the Active property or the Open method. Note that Active starts by automatically issuing a SELECT * FROM ... query. That may not be a good thing if your tables are large.

20.1.7.2.2.2. Using Connector/ODBC with Delphi

Also, here is some potentially useful Delphi code that sets up both an ODBC entry and a BDE entry for Connector/ODBC. The BDE entry requires a BDE Alias Editor that is free at a Delphi Super Page near you. (Thanks to Bryan Brunton for this):

fReg:= TRegistry.Create;
fReg.OpenKey('\Software\ODBC\ODBC.INI\DocumentsFab', True);
fReg.WriteString('Database', 'Documents');
fReg.WriteString('Description', ' ');
fReg.WriteString('Driver', 'C:\WINNT\System32\myodbc.dll');
fReg.WriteString('Flag', '1');
fReg.WriteString('Password', '');
fReg.WriteString('Port', ' ');
fReg.WriteString('Server', 'xmark');
fReg.WriteString('User', 'winuser');
fReg.OpenKey('\Software\ODBC\ODBC.INI\ODBC Data Sources', True);
fReg.WriteString('DocumentsFab', 'MySQL');
fReg.CloseKey;
fReg.Free;

Memo1.Lines.Add('DATABASE NAME=');
Memo1.Lines.Add('USER NAME=');
Memo1.Lines.Add('ODBC DSN=DocumentsFab');
Memo1.Lines.Add('OPEN MODE=READ/WRITE');
Memo1.Lines.Add('BATCH COUNT=200');
Memo1.Lines.Add('LANGDRIVER=');
Memo1.Lines.Add('MAX ROWS=-1');
Memo1.Lines.Add('SCHEMA CACHE DIR=');
Memo1.Lines.Add('SCHEMA CACHE SIZE=8');
Memo1.Lines.Add('SCHEMA CACHE TIME=-1');
Memo1.Lines.Add('SQLPASSTHRU MODE=SHARED AUTOCOMMIT');
Memo1.Lines.Add('SQLQRYMODE=');
Memo1.Lines.Add('ENABLE SCHEMA CACHE=FALSE');
Memo1.Lines.Add('ENABLE BCD=FALSE');
Memo1.Lines.Add('ROWSET SIZE=20');
Memo1.Lines.Add('BLOBS TO CACHE=64');
Memo1.Lines.Add('BLOB SIZE=32');

AliasEditor.Add('DocumentsFab','MySQL',Memo1.Lines);
20.1.7.2.2.3. Using Connector/ODBC with C++ Builder

Tested with BDE 3.0. The only known problem is that when the table schema changes, query fields are not updated. BDE, however, does not seem to recognize primary keys, only the index named PRIMARY, although this has not been a problem.

20.1.7.2.3. Using Connector/ODBC with ColdFusion

The following information is taken from the ColdFusion documentation:

Use the following information to configure ColdFusion Server for Linux to use the unixODBC driver with Connector/ODBC for MySQL data sources. You can download Connector/ODBC at http://dev.mysql.com/downloads/connector/odbc/.

ColdFusion version 4.5.1 allows you to us the ColdFusion Administrator to add the MySQL data source. However, the driver is not included with ColdFusion version 4.5.1. Before the MySQL driver appears in the ODBC data sources drop-down list, you must build and copy the Connector/ODBC driver to /opt/coldfusion/lib/libmyodbc.so.

The Contrib directory contains the program mydsn-xxx.zip which allows you to build and remove the DSN registry file for the Connector/ODBC driver on ColdFusion applications.

For more information and guides on using ColdFusion and Connector/ODBC, see the following external sites:

20.1.7.2.4. Using Connector/ODBC with OpenOffice.org

Open Office (http://www.openoffice.org) How-to: MySQL + OpenOffice. How-to: OpenOffice + MyODBC + unixODBC.

20.1.7.2.5. Using Connector/ODBC with Sambar Server

Sambar Server (http://www.sambarserver.info) How-to: MyODBC + SambarServer + MySQL.

20.1.7.2.6. Using Connector/ODBC with Pervasive Software DataJunction

You have to change it to output VARCHAR rather than ENUM, as it exports the latter in a manner that causes MySQL problems.

20.1.7.2.7. Using Connector/ODBC with SunSystems Vision

You should select the Return matching rows option.

20.1.7.3. Connector/ODBC Errors and Resolutions (FAQ)

The following section details some common errors and their suggested fix or alternative solution. If you are still experiencing problems, use the Connector/ODBC mailing list; see Section 20.1.8.1, “Connector/ODBC Community Support”.

Many problems can be resolved by upgrading your Connector/ODBC drivers to the latest available release. On Windows, you should also make sure that you have the latest versions of the Microsoft Data Access Components (MDAC) installed.

Questions

  • 20.1.7.3.1: I have installed Connector/ODBC on Windows XP x64 Edition or Windows Server 2003 R2 x64. The installation completed successfully, but the Connector/ODBC driver does not appear in ODBC Data Source Administrator.

  • 20.1.7.3.2: When connecting or using the Test button in ODBC Data Source Administrator I get error 10061 (Cannot connect to server)

  • 20.1.7.3.3: The following error is reported when using transactions: Transactions are not enabled

  • 20.1.7.3.4: Access reports records as #DELETED# when inserting or updating records in linked tables.

  • 20.1.7.3.5: How do I handle Write Conflicts or Row Location errors?

  • 20.1.7.3.6: Exporting data from Access 97 to MySQL reports a Syntax Error.

  • 20.1.7.3.7: Exporting data from Microsoft DTS to MySQL reports a Syntax Error.

  • 20.1.7.3.8: Using ODBC.NET with Connector/ODBC, while fetching empty string (0 length), it starts giving the SQL_NO_DATA exception.

  • 20.1.7.3.9: Using SELECT COUNT(*) FROM tbl_name within Visual Basic and ASP returns an error.

  • 20.1.7.3.10: Using the AppendChunk() or GetChunk() ADO methods, the Multiple-step operation generated errors. Check each status value error is returned.

  • 20.1.7.3.11: Access Returns Another user had modified the record that you have modified while editing records on a Linked Table.

  • 20.1.7.3.12: When linking an application directly to the Connector/ODBC library under Unix/Linux, the application crashes.

  • 20.1.7.3.13: Applications in the Microsoft Office suite are unable to update tables that have DATE or TIMESTAMP columns.

  • 20.1.7.3.14: When connecting Connector/ODBC 5.x (Beta) to a MySQL 4.x server, the error 1044 Access denied for user 'xxx'@'%' to database 'information_schema' is returned.

  • 20.1.7.3.15: When calling SQLTables, the error S1T00 is returned, but I cannot find this in the list of error numbers for Connector/ODBC.

  • 20.1.7.3.16: When linking to tables in Access 2000 and generating links to tables programmatically, rather than through the table designer interface, you may get errors about tables not existing.

  • 20.1.7.3.17: When I try to use batched statements, the excution of the batched statements fails.

  • 20.1.7.3.18: When connecting to a MySQL server using ADODB and Excel, occasionally the application fails to communicate with the server and the error Got an error reading communication packets appears in the error log.

  • 20.1.7.3.19: When using some applications to access a MySQL server using C/ODBC and outer joins, an error is reported regarding the Outer Join Escape Sequence.

  • 20.1.7.3.20: I can correctly store extended characters in the database (Hebrew/CJK) using C/ODBC 5.1, but when I retrieve the data, the text is not formatted correctly and I get garbled characters.

  • 20.1.7.3.21: I have a duplicate MySQL Connector/ODBC entry within my Installed Programs list, but I cannot delete one of them.

  • 20.1.7.3.22: When submitting queries with parameter binding using UPDATE, my field values are being truncated to 255 characters.

  • 20.1.7.3.23: Is it possible to disable data-at-execution using a flag?

Questions and Answers

20.1.7.3.1: I have installed Connector/ODBC on Windows XP x64 Edition or Windows Server 2003 R2 x64. The installation completed successfully, but the Connector/ODBC driver does not appear in ODBC Data Source Administrator.

This is not a bug, but is related to the way Windows x64 editions operate with the ODBC driver. On Windows x64 editions, the Connector/ODBC driver is installed in the %SystemRoot%\SysWOW64 folder. However, the default ODBC Data Source Administrator that is available through the Administrative Tools or Control Panel in Windows x64 Editions is located in the %SystemRoot%\system32 folder, and only searches this folder for ODBC drivers.

On Windows x64 editions, you should use the ODBC administration tool located at %SystemRoot%\SysWOW64\odbcad32.exe, this will correctly locate the installed Connector/ODBC drivers and enable you to create a Connector/ODBC DSN.

This issue was originally reported as Bug#20301.

20.1.7.3.2: When connecting or using the Test button in ODBC Data Source Administrator I get error 10061 (Cannot connect to server)

This error can be raised by a number of different issues, including server problems, network problems, and firewall and port blocking problems. For more information, see Section B.5.2.2, “Can't connect to [local] MySQL server.

20.1.7.3.3: The following error is reported when using transactions: Transactions are not enabled

This error indicates that you are trying to use transactions with a MySQL table that does not support transactions. Transactions are supported within MySQL when using the InnoDB database engine. In versions of MySQL before Mysql 5.1 you may also use the BDB engine.

You should check the following before continuing:

  • Verify that your MySQL server supports a transactional database engine. Use SHOW ENGINES to obtain a list of the available engine types.

  • Verify that the tables you are updating use a transaction database engine.

  • Ensure that you have not enabled the disable transactions option in your DSN.

20.1.7.3.4: Access reports records as #DELETED# when inserting or updating records in linked tables.

If the inserted or updated records are shown as #DELETED# in the access, then:

  • If you are using Access 2000, you should get and install the newest (version 2.6 or higher) Microsoft MDAC (Microsoft Data Access Components) from http://support.microsoft.com/kb/110093. This fixes a bug in Access that when you export data to MySQL, the table and column names aren't specified.

    You should also get and apply the Microsoft Jet 4.0 Service Pack 5 (SP5) which can be found at http://support.microsoft.com/default.aspx?scid=kb;EN-US;q239114. This fixes some cases where columns are marked as #DELETED# in Access.

  • For all versions of Access, you should enable the Connector/ODBC Return matching rows option. For Access 2.0, you should additionally enable the Simulate ODBC 1.0 option.

  • You should have a timestamp in all tables that you want to be able to update.

  • You should have a primary key in the table. If not, new or updated rows may show up as #DELETED#.

  • Use only DOUBLE float fields. Access fails when comparing with single-precision floats. The symptom usually is that new or updated rows may show up as #DELETED# or that you cannot find or update rows.

  • If you are using Connector/ODBC to link to a table that has a BIGINT column, the results are displayed as #DELETED. The work around solution is:

    • Have one more dummy column with TIMESTAMP as the data type.

    • Select the Change BIGINT columns to INT option in the connection dialog in ODBC DSN Administrator.

    • Delete the table link from Access and re-create it.

    Old records still display as #DELETED#, but newly added/updated records are displayed properly.

20.1.7.3.5: How do I handle Write Conflicts or Row Location errors?

If you see the following errors, select the Return Matching Rows option in the DSN configuration dialog, or specify OPTION=2, as the connection parameter:

Write Conflict. Another user has changed your data.

Row cannot be located for updating. Some values may have been changed
since it was last read.

20.1.7.3.6: Exporting data from Access 97 to MySQL reports a Syntax Error.

This error is specific to Access 97 and versions of Connector/ODBC earlier than 3.51.02. Update to the latest version of the Connector/ODBC driver to resolve this problem.

20.1.7.3.7: Exporting data from Microsoft DTS to MySQL reports a Syntax Error.

This error occurs only with MySQL tables using the TEXT or VARCHAR data types. You can fix this error by upgrading your Connector/ODBC driver to version 3.51.02 or higher.

20.1.7.3.8: Using ODBC.NET with Connector/ODBC, while fetching empty string (0 length), it starts giving the SQL_NO_DATA exception.

You can get the patch that addresses this problem from http://support.microsoft.com/default.aspx?scid=kb;EN-US;q319243.

20.1.7.3.9: Using SELECT COUNT(*) FROM tbl_name within Visual Basic and ASP returns an error.

This error occurs because the COUNT(*) expression is returning a BIGINT, and ADO cannot make sense of a number this big. Select the Change BIGINT columns to INT option (option value 16384).

20.1.7.3.10: Using the AppendChunk() or GetChunk() ADO methods, the Multiple-step operation generated errors. Check each status value error is returned.

The GetChunk() and AppendChunk() methods from ADO doesn't work as expected when the cursor location is specified as adUseServer. On the other hand, you can overcome this error by using adUseClient.

A simple example can be found from http://www.dwam.net/iishelp/ado/docs/adomth02_4.htm

20.1.7.3.11: Access Returns Another user had modified the record that you have modified while editing records on a Linked Table.

In most cases, this can be solved by doing one of the following things:

  • Add a primary key for the table if one doesn't exist.

  • Add a timestamp column if one doesn't exist.

  • Only use double-precision float fields. Some programs may fail when they compare single-precision floats.

If these strategies do not help, you should start by making a log file from the ODBC manager (the log you get when requesting logs from ODBCADMIN) and a Connector/ODBC log to help you figure out why things go wrong. For instructions, see Section 20.1.4.8, “Getting an ODBC Trace File”.

20.1.7.3.12: When linking an application directly to the Connector/ODBC library under Unix/Linux, the application crashes.

Connector/ODBC 3.51 under Unix/Linux is not compatible with direct application linking. You must use a driver manager, such as iODBC or unixODBC to connect to an ODBC source.

20.1.7.3.13: Applications in the Microsoft Office suite are unable to update tables that have DATE or TIMESTAMP columns.

This is a known issue with Connector/ODBC. You must ensure that the field has a default value (rather than NULL and that the default value is nonzero (that is, the default value is not 0000-00-00 00:00:00).

20.1.7.3.14: When connecting Connector/ODBC 5.x (Beta) to a MySQL 4.x server, the error 1044 Access denied for user 'xxx'@'%' to database 'information_schema' is returned.

Connector/ODBC 5.x is designed to work with MySQL 5.0 or later, taking advantage of the INFORMATION_SCHEMA database to determine data definition information. Support for MySQL 4.1 is planned for the final release.

20.1.7.3.15: When calling SQLTables, the error S1T00 is returned, but I cannot find this in the list of error numbers for Connector/ODBC.

The S1T00 error indicates that a general timeout has occurred within the ODBC system and is not a MySQL error. Typically it indicates that the connection you are using is stale, the server is too busy to accept your request or that the server has gone away.

20.1.7.3.16: When linking to tables in Access 2000 and generating links to tables programmatically, rather than through the table designer interface, you may get errors about tables not existing.

There is a known issue with a specific version of the msjet40.dll that exhibits this issue. The version affected is 4.0.9025.0. Reverting to an older version will enable you to create the links. If you have recently updated your version, check your WINDOWS directory for the older version of the file and copy it to the drivers directory.

20.1.7.3.17: When I try to use batched statements, the excution of the batched statements fails.

Batched statement support was added in 3.51.18. Support for batched statements is not enabled by default. You must enable option FLAG_MULTI_STATEMENTS, value 67108864, or select the Allow multiple statements flag within a GUI configuration.

20.1.7.3.18: When connecting to a MySQL server using ADODB and Excel, occasionally the application fails to communicate with the server and the error Got an error reading communication packets appears in the error log.

This error may be related to Keyboard Logger 1.1 from PanteraSoft.com, which is known to interfere with the network communication between MySQL Connector/ODBC and MySQL.

20.1.7.3.19: When using some applications to access a MySQL server using C/ODBC and outer joins, an error is reported regarding the Outer Join Escape Sequence.

This is a known issue with MySQL Connector/ODBC which is not correctly parsing the "Outer Join Escape Sequence", as per the specs at Microsoft ODBC Specs. Currently, Connector/ODBC will return value > 0 when asked for SQL_OJ_CAPABILITIES even though no parsing takes place in the driver to handle the outer join escape sequence.

20.1.7.3.20: I can correctly store extended characters in the database (Hebrew/CJK) using C/ODBC 5.1, but when I retrieve the data, the text is not formatted correctly and I get garbled characters.

When using ASP and UTF8 characters you should add the following to your ASP files to ensure that the data returned is correctly encoded:

Response.CodePage = 65001
Response.CharSet = "utf-8"

20.1.7.3.21: I have a duplicate MySQL Connector/ODBC entry within my Installed Programs list, but I cannot delete one of them.

This problem can occur when you upgrade an existing Connector/ODBC installation, rather than removing and then installing the updated version.

Warning

To fix the problem you should use any working uninstallers to remove existing installations and then may have to edit the contents of the registry. Make sure you have a backup of your registry information before attempting any editing of the registry contents.

20.1.7.3.22: When submitting queries with parameter binding using UPDATE, my field values are being truncated to 255 characters.

You should ensure that the FLAG_BIG_PACKETS option is set for your connection. This removes the 255 character limitation on bound parameters.

20.1.7.3.23: Is it possible to disable data-at-execution using a flag?

If you do not wish to use data-at-execution, simply remove the corresponding calls. For example:

SQLLEN ylen = SQL_LEN_DATA_AT_EXEC(10);
SQLBindCol(hstmt,2,SQL_C_BINARY, buf, 10, &ylen);

Would become:

SQLBindCol(hstmt,2,SQL_C_BINARY, buf, 10, NULL);

Note that in the call to SQLBindCol(), &ylen has been replaced by NULL.

For further information please refer to the MSDN documentation for SQLBindCol().

20.1.8. Connector/ODBC Support

There are many different places where you can get support for using Connector/ODBC. You should always try the Connector/ODBC Mailing List or Connector/ODBC Forum. See Section 20.1.8.1, “Connector/ODBC Community Support”, for help before reporting a specific bug or issue to MySQL.

20.1.8.1. Connector/ODBC Community Support

Sun Microsystems, Inc. provides assistance to the user community by means of its mailing lists. For Connector/ODBC-related issues, you can get help from experienced users by using the mailing list. Archives are available online at http://lists.mysql.com/myodbc.

For information about subscribing to MySQL mailing lists or to browse list archives, visit http://lists.mysql.com/. See Section 1.6.1, “MySQL Mailing Lists”.

Community support from experienced users is also available through the ODBC Forum. You may also find help from other users in the other MySQL Forums, located at http://forums.mysql.com. See Section 1.6.2, “MySQL Community Support at the MySQL Forums”.

20.1.8.2. How to Report Connector/ODBC Problems or Bugs

If you encounter difficulties or problems with Connector/ODBC, you should start by making a log file from the ODBC Manager (the log you get when requesting logs from ODBC ADMIN) and Connector/ODBC. The procedure for doing this is described in Section 20.1.4.8, “Getting an ODBC Trace File”.

Check the Connector/ODBC trace file to find out what could be wrong. You should be able to determine what statements were issued by searching for the string >mysql_real_query in the myodbc.log file.

You should also try issuing the statements from the mysql client program or from admndemo. This helps you determine whether the error is in Connector/ODBC or MySQL.

If you find out something is wrong, please only send the relevant rows (maximum 40 rows) to the myodbc mailing list. See Section 1.6.1, “MySQL Mailing Lists”. Please never send the whole Connector/ODBC or ODBC log file!

You should ideally include the following information with the email:

  • Operating system and version

  • Connector/ODBC version

  • ODBC Driver Manager type and version

  • MySQL server version

  • ODBC trace from Driver Manager

  • Connector/ODBC log file from Connector/ODBC driver

  • Simple reproducible sample

Remember that the more information you can supply to us, the more likely it is that we can fix the problem!

Also, before posting the bug, check the MyODBC mailing list archive at http://lists.mysql.com/myodbc.

If you are unable to find out what is wrong, the last option is to create an archive in tar or Zip format that contains a Connector/ODBC trace file, the ODBC log file, and a README file that explains the problem. You can send this to ftp://ftp.mysql.com/pub/mysql/upload/. Only MySQL engineers have access to the files you upload, and we are very discreet with the data.

If you can create a program that also demonstrates the problem, please include it in the archive as well.

If the program works with another SQL server, you should include an ODBC log file where you perform exactly the same SQL statements so that we can compare the results between the two systems.

Remember that the more information you can supply to us, the more likely it is that we can fix the problem.

20.1.8.3. How to Submit a Connector/ODBC Patch

You can send a patch or suggest a better solution for any existing code or problems by sending a mail message to .

20.1.8.4. Connector/ODBC Change History

The Connector/ODBC Change History (Changelog) is located with the main Changelog for MySQL. See Section C.4, “MySQL Connector/ODBC (MyODBC) Change History”.

20.1.8.5. Credits

These are the developers that have worked on the Connector/ODBC and Connector/ODBC 3.51 Drivers from MySQL AB.

  • Michael (Monty) Widenius

  • Venu Anuganti

  • Peter Harvey

20.2. MySQL Connector/NET

Connector/NET enables developers to easily create .NET applications that require secure, high-performance data connectivity with MySQL. It implements the required ADO.NET interfaces and integrates into ADO.NET aware tools. Developers can build applications using their choice of .NET languages. Connector/NET is a fully managed ADO.NET driver written in 100% pure C#.

Connector/NET includes full support for:

  • Features provided by MySQL Server up to and including MySQL Server version 5.4.

  • Large-packet support for sending and receiving rows and BLOBs up to 2 gigabytes in size.

  • Protocol compression which allows for compressing the data stream between the client and server.

  • Support for connecting using TCP/IP sockets, named pipes, or shared memory on Windows.

  • Support for connecting using TCP/IP sockets or Unix sockets on Unix.

  • Support for the Open Source Mono framework developed by Novell.

  • Fully managed, does not utilize the MySQL client library.

This document is intended as a user's guide to Connector/NET and includes a full syntax reference. Syntax information is also included within the Documentation.chm file included with the Connector/NET distribution.

If you are using MySQL 5.0 or later, and Visual Studio as your development environment, you may want also want to use the MySQL Visual Studio Plugin. The plugin acts as a DDEX (Data Designer Extensibility) provider, enabling you to use the data design tools within Visual Studio to manipulate the schema and objects within a MySQL database. For more information, see Section 20.2.3, “Connector/NET Visual Studio Integration”.

Note

Connector/NET 5.1.2 and later include the Visual Studio Plugin by default.

Key topics:

20.2.1. Connector/NET Versions

There are several versions of Connector/NET available:

  • Connector/NET 1.0 includes support for MySQL 4.0, MySQL 4.1, MySQL 5.0 features, and full compatibility with the ADO.NET driver interface.

    This version of Connector/NET is no longer supported.

  • Connector/NET 5.0 includes support for MySQL 4.0, MySQL 4.1, MySQL 5.0 and MySQL 5.1 features. Connector/NET 5.0 also includes full support for the ADO.Net 2.0 interfaces and subclasses, includes support for the usage advisor and performance monitor (PerfMon) hooks.

    This version of Connector/NET is no longer supported.

  • Connector/NET 5.1 includes support for MySQL 4.0, MySQL 4.1, MySQL 5.0, MySQL 5.1 and MySQL 5.4 features. Connector/NET 5.1 also includes support for a new membership/role provider, Compact Framework 2.0, a new stored procedure parser and improvements to GetSchema. Connector/NET 5.1 also includes the Visual Studio Plugin as a standard installable component.

    This version of Connector/NET is no longer supported.

  • Connector/NET 5.2 includes support for MySQL 4.1, MySQL 5.0, MySQL 5.1 and MySQL 5.4 features. Connector/NET 5.2 also includes support for a new membership/role provider, Compact Framework 2.0, a new stored procedure parser and improvements to GetSchema. Connector/NET 5.2 also includes the Visual Studio Plugin as a standard installable component.

  • Connector/NET 6.0 includes support for MySQL 4.1, MySQL 5.0, MySQL 5.1 and MySQL 5.4.

  • Connector/NET 6.1 includes support for MySQL 4.1, MySQL 5.0, MySQL 5.1, MySQL 5.4. Important new features include the MySQL Website Configuration Tool and a Session State Provider.

  • Connector/NET 6.2 includes support for MySQL 4.1, MySQL 5.0, MySQL 5.1, MySQL 5.4. Important new features include a new logging system and client SSL certificates. Connector/NET 6.2 is currently available as a Beta release.

  • Connector/NET 6.3 includes support for MySQL 5.0, MySQL 5.1, MySQL 5.4. Connector/NET 6.3 is not yet available.

The latest source code for Connector/NET can be downloaded from the MySQL public Subversion server. For further details see Section 20.2.2.3, “Installing Connector/NET from the source code”.

The following table shows the .NET Framework version required, and MySQL Server version supported by Connector/NET:

Connector/NET versionADO.NET version supported.NET Framework version requiredMySQL Server version supported
1.01.x1.x4.0, 4.1, 5.0
5.02.x+2.x+4.0, 4.1, 5.0
5.12.x+2.x+4.0, 4.1, 5.0, 5.1, 5.4
5.22.x+2.x+4.1, 5.0, 5.1, 5.4
6.02.x+2.x+4.1, 5.0, 5.1, 5.4
6.12.x+2.x+4.1, 5.0, 5.1, 5.4
6.22.x+2.x+4.1, 5.0, 5.1, 5.4
6.32.x+2.x+5.0, 5.1, 5.4

Note

Version numbers for MySQL products are formatted as X.Y.Z, where Z=0 indicates alpha, Z=1 indicates beta, and Z>=2 indicates GA. However, Windows tools (Control Panel, properties display) may show the version numbers as XX.YY.ZZ. For example, the official MySQL formatted version number 5.0.9 may be displayed by Windows tools as 5.00.09. The two versions are the same; only the number display format is different.

20.2.2. Connector/NET Installation

Connector/NET runs on any platform that supports the .NET framework. The .NET framework is primarily supported on recent versions of Microsoft Windows, and is supported on Linux through the Open Source Mono framework (see http://www.mono-project.com).

Connector/NET is available for download from http://dev.mysql.com/downloads/connector/net/5.2.html.

20.2.2.1. Installing Connector/NET on Windows

On Windows, installation is supported either through a binary installation process or by downloading a Zip file with the Connector/NET components.

Before installing, you should ensure that your system is up to date, including installing the latest version of the .NET Framework.

20.2.2.1.1. Installing Connector/NET using the Installer

Using the installer is the most straightforward method of installing Connector/NET on Windows and the installed components include the source code, test code and full reference documentation.

Connector/NET is installed through the use of a Windows Installer (.msi) installation package, which can be used to install Connector/NET on all Windows operating systems. The MSI package in contained within a ZIP archive named mysql-connector-net-version.zip, where version indicates the Connector/NET version.

To install Connector/NET:

  1. Double click on the MSI installer file extracted from the Zip you downloaded. Click Next to start the installation.

    Connector/NET Windows Installer -
              Welcome
  2. You must choose the type of installation that you want to perform.

    Connector/NET Windows Installer -
              Installation type

    For most situations, the Typical installation will be suitable. Click the Typical button and proceed to Step 5. A Complete installation installs all the available files. To conduct a Complete installation, click the Complete button and proceed to step 5. If you want to customize your installation, including choosing the components to install and some installation options, click the Custom button and proceed to Step 3.

    The Connector/NET installer will register the connector within the Global Assembly Cache (GAC) - this will make the Connector/NET component available to all applications, not just those where you explicitly reference the Connector/NET component. The installer will also create the necessary links in the Start menu to the documentation and release notes.

  3. If you have chosen a custom installation, you can select the individual components that you want to install, including the core interface component, supporting documentation (a CHM file) samples and examples and the source code. Select the items, and their installation level, and then click Next to continue the installation.

    Note

    For Connector/NET 1.0.8 or lower and Connector 5.0.4 and lower the installer will attempt to install binaries for both 1.x and 2.x of the .NET Framework. If you only have one version of the framework installed, the connector installation may fail. If this happens, you can choose the framework version to be installed through the custom installation step.

    Connector/NET Windows Installer - Custom
              setup
  4. You will be given a final opportunity to confirm the installation. Click Install to copy and install the files onto your machine.

    Connector/NET Windows Installer -
              Confirming installation
  5. Once the installation has been completed, click Finish to exit the installer.

    Connector/NET Windows Installer - Finish
              installation

Unless you choose otherwise, Connector/NET is installed in C:\Program Files\MySQL\MySQL Connector Net X.X.X, where X.X.X is replaced with the version of Connector/NET you are installing. New installations do not overwrite existing versions of Connector/NET.

Depending on your installation type, the installed components will include some or all of the following components:

  • bin - Connector/NET MySQL libraries for different versions of the .NET environment.

  • docs - contains a CHM of the Connector/NET documentation.

  • samples - sample code and applications that use the Connector/NET component.

  • src - the source code for the Connector/NET component.

You may also use the /quiet or /q command-line option with the msiexec tool to install the Connector/NET package automatically (using the default options) with no notification to the user. Using this method the user cannot select options. Additionally, no prompts, messages or dialog boxes will be displayed.

C:\> msiexec /package conector-net.msi /quiet

To provide a progress bar to the user during automatic installation, use the /passive option.

20.2.2.1.2. Installing Connector/NET using the Zip packages

If you are having problems running the installer, you can download a Zip file without an installer as an alternative. That file is called mysql-connector-net-version-noinstall.zip. Once downloaded, you can extract the files to a location of your choice.

The file contains the following directories:

  • bin - Connector/NET MySQL libraries for different versions of the .NET environment.

  • Docs - contains a CHM of the Connector/NET documentation.

  • Samples - sample code and applications that use the Connector/NET component.

Connector/NET 6.0.x has a different directory structure:

  • Assemblies - contains a collection of DLLs that make up the connector functionality.

  • Documentation - contains the Connector/NET documentation as a CHM file.

  • Samples - sample code and applications that use the Connector/NET component.

There is also another Zip file available for download called mysql-connector-net-version-src.zip. This file contains the source code distribution.

The file contains the following directories:

  • Documentation - This folder contains the source files to build the documentation into the compiled HTML (CHM) format.

  • Installer - This folder contains the source files to build the Connector/NET installer program.

  • MySql.Data - This folder contains the source files for the core data provider.

  • MySql.VisualStudio - This folder contains the source files for the Microsoft Visual Studio extensions.

  • MySql.Web - This folder contains the source files for the web providers. This includes code for the membership provider, role provider and profile provider. These are used in ASP.NET web sites.

  • Samples - This folder contains the source files for several example applications.

  • Tests - Ths folder contains a spreadsheet listing test cases.

  • VisualStudio - Contains resources used by the Visual Studio plug in.

Finally, you need to ensure that MySql.Data.dll is accessible to your program at build time (and run time). If using Microsoft Visual Studio you will need to add MySql.Data as a Reference to your project.

20.2.2.2. Installing Connector/NET on Unix with Mono

There is no installer available for installing the Connector/NET component on your Unix installation. Before installing, please ensure that you have a working Mono project installation. You can test whether your system has Mono installed by typing:

shell> mono --version

The version of the Mono JIT compiler will be displayed.

To compile C# source code you will also need to make sure a Mono C# compiler, is installed. Note that there are two Mono C# compilers available, mcs, which accesses the 1.0-profile libraries, and gmcs, which acesses the 2.0-profile libraries.

To install Connector/NET on Unix/Mono:

  1. Download the mysql-connector-net-version-noinstall.zip and extract the contents to a directory of your choice, for example: ~/connector-net/.

  2. In the directory where you unzipped the connector to, change into the bin directory. Ensure the file MySql.Data.dll is present.

  3. You must register the Connector/NET component, MySql.Data, in the Global Assembly Cache (GAC). In the current directory enter the gacutil command:

    root-shell> gacutil /i MySql.Data.dll

    This will register MySql.Data into the GAC. You can check this by listing the contents of /usr/lib/mono/gac, where you will find MySql.Data if the registration has been successful.

You are now ready to compile your application. You must ensure that when you compile your application you include the Connector/NET component using the -r: command-line option. For example:

shell> gmcs -r:System.dll -r:System.Data.dll -r:MySql.Data.dll HelloWorld.cs

Note, the assemblies that need to be referenced will depend on the requirements of the application, but applications using Connector/NET will need to provide -r:MySql.Data as a minimum.

You can further check your installation by running the compiled program, for example:

shell> mono HelloWorld.exe

20.2.2.3. Installing Connector/NET from the source code

Caution

You should read this section only if you are interested in helping us test our new code. If you just want to get Connector/NET up and running on your system, you should use a standard release distribution.

Obtaining the source code

To obtain the most recent development source tree, you first need to download and install Bazaar. You can obtain Bazaar from the Bazaar VCS Website. Bazaar is supported by any platform that supports Python, and is therefore compatible with any Linux, Unix, Windows or Mac OS X host. Instructions for downloading and installing Bazaar on the different platforms are available on the Bazaar Web site.

The most recent development source tree is available from our public Subversion trees at http://dev.mysql.com/tech-resources/sources.html.

To checkout out the Connector/NET sources, change to the directory where you want the copy of the Connector/NET tree to be stored, then use the following command:

shell> bzr branch lp:connectornet/trunk

To download a specific version of Connector/NET, specify the version number instead of trunk. For example, to obtain a copy of the 6.0 version of the source tree:

shell> bzr branch lp:connectornet/6.0

Source packages are also available on the downloads page.

Building the source code on Windows

The following procedure can be used to build the connector on Microsoft Windows.

  • Obtain the source code, either from the Subversion server, or through one of the prepared source code packages.

  • Navigate to the root of the source code tree.

  • A Microsoft Visual Studio 2005 solution file is available to build the connector, this is called MySQL-VS2005.sln. Click on this file to load the solution into Visual Studio.

  • Select Build, Build Solution from the main menu to build the solution.

Building the source code on Unix

Support for building Connector/NET on Mono/Unix is currently not available.

20.2.3. Connector/NET Visual Studio Integration

20.2.3.1. Making a connection

Once the connector is installed, you can use it to create, modify, and delete connections to MySQL databases. To create a connection with a MySQL database, perform the following steps:

  • Start Visual Studio, and open the Server Explorer window (View, Server Explorer option in the main Visual Studio menu, or Ctrl+W, L hot keys).

  • Right-click on the Data Connections node, and choose the Add Connection... menu item.

  • Add Connection dialog opens. Press the Change button to choose MySQL Database as a data source.

    Figure 20.1. Add Connection Context Menu

    Add Connection Context Menu

  • Change Data Source dialog opens. Choose MySQL Database in the list of data sources (or the <other> option, if MySQL Database is absent), and then choose .NET Framework Data Provider for MySQL in the combo box of data providers.

    Figure 20.2. Choose Data Source

    Choose Data Source

  • Input the connection settings: the server host name (for example, localhost if the MySQL server is installed on the local machine), the user name, the password, and the default schema name. Note that you must specify the default schema name to open the connection.

    Figure 20.3. Add Connection Dialog

    Add Connection Dialog

  • You can also set the port to connect with the MySQL server by pressing the Advanced button. To test connection with the MySQL server, set the server host name, the user name, and the password, and press the Test Connection button. If the test succeeds, the success confirmation dialog opens.

  • After you set all settings and test the connection, press OK. The newly created connection is displayed in Server Explorer. Now you can work with the MySQL server through standard Server Explorer GUI.

    Figure 20.4. New Data Connection

    New Data Connection

After the connection is successfully established, all settings are saved for future use. When you start Visual Studio for the next time, just open the connection node in Server Explorer to establish a connection to the MySQL server again.

To modify and delete a connection, use the Server Explorer context menu for the corresponding node. You can modify any of the settings just by overwriting the existing values with new ones. Note that the connection may be modified or deleted only if no active editor for its objects is opened: otherwise you may loose your data.

20.2.3.2. Editing Tables

Connector/Net contains a table editor, which enables the visual creation and modification of tables.

The Table Designer can be accessed through a mouse action on table-type node of Server Explorer. To create a new table, right-click on the Tables node (under the connection node) and choose the Create Table command from the context menu.

To modify an existing table, double-click on the node of the table you wish to modify, or right-click on this node and choose the Design item from the context menu. Either of the commands opens the Table Designer.

The table editor is implemented in the manner of the well-known Query Browser Table Editor, but with minor differences.

Figure 20.5. Editing New Table

Editing New Table

Table Designer consists of the following parts:

  • Columns Editor - a data grid on top of the Table Designer. Use the Columns grid for column creation, modification, and deletion.

  • Indexes tab - a tab on bottom of the Table Designer. Use the Indexes tab for indexes management.

  • Foreign Keys tab - a tab on bottom of the Table Designer. Use the Foreign Keys tab for foreign keys management.

  • Column Details tab - a tab on bottom of the Table Designer. Use the Column Details tab to set advanced column options.

  • Properties window - a standard Visual Studio Properties window, where the properties of the edited table are displayed. Use the Properties window to set the table properties.

Each of these areas is discussed in more detail in subsequent sections.

To save changes you have made in the Table Designer, use either Save or Save All button of the Visual Studio main toolbar, or just press Ctrl+S. If you have not already named the table you will be prompted to do so.

Figure 20.6. Choose Table Name

Choose Table Name

Once created you can view the table in the Server Explorer.

Figure 20.7. Newly Created Table

Newly Created Table

The Table Designer main menu allows you to set a Primary Key column, edit Relationships such as Foreign Keys, and create Indexes.

Figure 20.8. Table Designer Main Menu

Table Designer Main Menu
20.2.3.2.1. Column Editor

You can use the Column Editor to set or change the name, data type, default value, and other properties of a table column. To set the focus to a needed cell of a grid, use the mouse click. Also you can move through the grid using Tab and Shift+Tab keys.

To set or change the name, data type, default value and comment of a column, activate the appropriate cell and type the desired value.

To set or unset flag-type column properties (NOT NULL, auto incremented, flags), check or uncheck the corresponding check boxes. Note that the set of column flags depends on its data type.

To reorder columns, index columns or foreign key columns in the Column Editor, select the whole column you wish to reorder by clicking on the selector column on the left of the column grid. Then move the column by using Ctrl+Up (to move the column up) or Ctrl+Down (to move the column down) keys.

To delete a column, select it by clicking on the selector column on the left of the column grid, then press the Delete button on a keyboard.

20.2.3.2.2. Editing Indexes

Indexes management is performed via the Indexes/Keys dialog.

To add an index, select Table Designer, Indexes/Keys... from the main menu, and click Add to add a new index. You can then set the index name, index kind, index type, and a set of index columns.

Figure 20.9. Indexes Dialog

Indexes Dialog

To remove an index, select it in the list box on the left, and click the Delete button.

To change index settings, select the needed index in the list box on the left. The detailed information about the index is displayed in the panel on the right hand side. Change the desired values.

20.2.3.2.3. Editing Foreign Keys

Foreign Keys management is performed via the Foreign Key Relationships dialog.

To add a foreign key, select Table Designer, Relationships... from the main menu. This displays the Foreign Key Relationship dialog. Click Add. You can then set the foreign key name, referenced table name, foreign key columns, and actions upon update and delete.

To remove a foreign key, select it in the list box on the left, and click the Delete button.

To change foreign key settings, select the required foreign key in the list box on the left. The detailed information about the foreign key is displayed in the right hand panel. Change the desired values.

Figure 20.10. Foreign Key Relationships Dialog

Foreign Key Reationships Dialog
20.2.3.2.4. Column Properties

The Column Properties tab can be used to set column options. In addition to the general column properties presented in the Column Editor, in the Column Properties tab you can set additional properties such as Character Set, Collation and Precision.

20.2.3.2.5. Table Properties

To bring up Table Properties select the table and right click to activate the context menu. Select Properties. The Table Properties dockable window will be displayed.

Figure 20.11. Table Properties Menu Item

Table Properties Menu Item

The following table properties can be set:

  • Auto Increment

  • Average Row Length

  • Character Set

  • Collation

  • Comment

  • Data Directory

  • Index Directory

  • Maximum Rows

  • Minimum Rows

  • Name

  • Row Format

  • Schema

  • Storage Engine

The property Schema is read only.

Figure 20.12. Table Properties

Table Properties

20.2.3.3. Editing Views

To create a new view, right click the Views node under the connection node in Server Explorer. From the node's context menu, choose the Create View command. This command opens the SQL Editor.

Figure 20.13. Editing View SQL

Editing View SQL

You can then enter the SQL for your view.

Figure 20.14. View SQL Added

View SQL Added

To modify an existing view, double click on a node of the view you wish to modify, or right click on this node and choose the Alter View command from a context menu. Either of the commands opens the SQL Editor.

All other view properties can be set in the Properties window. These properties are:

  • Catalog

  • Check Option

  • Definer

  • Definition

  • Definer

  • Is Updateable

  • Name

  • Schema

  • Security Type

Some of these properties can have arbitrary text values, others accept values from a predefined set. In the latter case you set the desired value with an embedded combobox.

The properties Is Updatable and Schema are readonly.

To save changes you have made, use either Save or Save All buttons of the Visual Studio main toolbar, or just press Ctrl+S.

Figure 20.15. View SQL Saved

View SQL Saved

20.2.3.4. Editing Stored Procedures and Functions

To create a new stored procedure, right-click on the Stored Procedures node under the connection node in Server Explorer. From the node's context menu, choose the Create Routine command. This command opens the SQL Editor.

Figure 20.16. Edit Stored Procedure SQL

Edit Stored Procedure SQL

To create a new stored function, right-click on the Functions node under the connection node in Server Explorer. From the node's context menu, choose the Create Routine command.

To modify an existing stored routine (procedure or function), double-click on the node of the routine you wish to modify, or right-click on this node and choose the Alter Routine command from the context menu. Either of the commands opens the SQL Editor.

To create or alter the routine definition using SQL Editor, type this definition in the SQL Editor using standard SQL. All other routine properties can be set in the Properties window. These properties are:

  • Body

  • Catalog

  • Comment

  • Creation Time

  • Data Access

  • Definer

  • Definition

  • External Name

  • External Language

  • Is Deterministic

  • Last Modified

  • Name

  • Parameter Style

  • Returns

  • Schema

  • Security Type

  • Specific Name

  • SQL Mode

  • SQL Path

  • Type

Some of these properties can have arbitrary text values, others accept values from a predefined set. In the latter case set the desired value using the embedded combo box.

You can also set all the options directly in the SQL Editor, using the standard CREATE PROCEDURE or CREATE FUNCTION statement. However, it is recommended to use the Properties window instead.

To save changes you have made, use either Save or Save All buttons of the Visual Studio main toolbar, or just press Ctrl+S.

Figure 20.17. Stored Procedure SQL Saved

Stored Procedure SQL Saved

20.2.3.5. Editing Triggers

To create a new trigger, right-click on the node of the table, for which you wish to add a trigger. From the node's context menu, choose the Create Trigger command. This command opens the SQL Editor.

To modify an existing trigger, double-click on the node of the trigger you wish to modify, or right-click on this node and choose the Alter Trigger command from the context menu. Either of the commands opens the SQL Editor.

To create or alter the trigger definition using SQL Editor, type the trigger statement in the SQL Editor using standard SQL.

Note

You should enter only the trigger statement, that is, the part of the CREATE TRIGGER query that is placed after the FOR EACH ROW clause.

All other trigger properties are set in the Properties window. These properties are:

  • Definer

  • Event Manipulation

  • Name

  • Timing

Some of these properties can have arbitrary text values, others accept values from a predefined set. In the latter case set the desired value using the embedded combo box.

The properties Event Table, Schema, and Server in the Properties window are read only.

To save changes you have made, use either Save or Save All buttons of the Visual Studio main toolbar, or just press Ctrl+S. Before changes are saved, you will be asked to confirm the execution of the corresponding SQL query in a confirmation dialog.

20.2.3.6. Editing User Defined Functions (UDF)

To create a new User Defined Function (UDF), right-click on the UDFs node under the connection node in Server Explorer. From the node's context menu, choose the Create UDF command. This command opens the UDF Editor.

To modify an existing UDF, double-click on the node of the UDF you wish to modify, or right-click on this node and choose the Alter UDF command from the context menu. Either of the commands opens the UDF Editor.

The UDF editor allows you to set the following properties:

  • Name

  • So-name (DLL name)

  • Return type

  • Is Aggregate

There are text fields for both names, a combo box for the return type, and a check box to indicate if the UDF is aggregate. All these options are also accessible via the Properties window.

The property Server in the Properties window is read only.

To save changes you have made, use either Save or Save All buttons of the Visual Studio main toolbar, or just press Ctrl+S. Before changes are saved, you will be asked to confirm the execution of the corresponding SQL query in a confirmation dialog.

20.2.3.7. Cloning Database Objects

Tables, views, stored procedures, and functions can be cloned using the appropriate Clone command from the context menu: Clone Table, Clone View, Clone Routine. The clone commands open the corresponding editor for a new object: the Table Editor for cloning a table, and the SQL Editor for cloning a view or a routine.

The editor is filled with values of the original object. You can modify these values in a usual manner.

To save the cloned object, use either Save or Save All buttons of the Visual Studio main toolbar, or just press Ctrl+S. Before changes are saved, you will be asked to confirm the execution of the corresponding SQL query in a confirmation dialog.

20.2.3.8. Dropping Database Objects

Tables, views, stored routines, triggers, and UDFs can be dropped with the appropriate Drop command selected from its context menu: Drop Table, Drop View, Drop Routine, Drop Trigger, Drop UDF.

You will be asked to confirm the execution of the corresponding drop query in a confirmation dialog.

Dropping of multiple objects is not supported.

20.2.3.9. Using the ADO.NET Entity Framework

Connector/NET 6.0 introduced support for the ADO.NET Entity Framework. ADO.NET Entity Framework was included with .NET Framework 3.5 Service Pack 1, and Visual Studio 2008 Service Pack 1. ADO.NET Entity Framework was released on 11th August 2008.

ADO.NET Entity Framework provides an Object Relational Mapping (ORM) service, mapping the relational database schema to objects. The ADO.NET Entity Framework defines several layers, these can be summarized as:

  • Logical - this layer defines the relational data and is defined by the Store Schema Definition Language (SSDL).

  • Conceptual - this layer defines the .NET classes and is defined by the Conceptual Schema Definition Language (CSDL)

  • Mapping - this layer defines the mapping from .NET classes to relational tables and associations, and is defined by Mapping Specification Language (MSL).

Connector/NET integrates with Visual Studio 2008 to provide a range of helpful tools to assist the developer.

A full treatment of ADO.NET Entity Framework is beyond the scope of this manual. You are encouraged to review the Microsoft ADO.NET Entity Framework documentation.

Tutorials on getting started with ADO.NET Entity Framework are available. See Section 20.2.4.5, “Tutorial: Using an Entity Framework Entity as a Windows Forms Data Source” and Section 20.2.4.6, “Tutorial: Databinding in ASP.NET using LINQ on Entities”.

20.2.3.10. MySQL Website Configuration Tool

MySQL Connector/NET 6.1 introduced the MySQL Website Configuration Tool. This is a facility available in Visual Studio that allows you to configure the Membership, Role, Session State and Profile Provider, without having to resort to editing configuration files. You simply run the tool, set your configuration options, and the tool will modify your web.config file accordingly.

The MySQL Website Configuration Tool appears as a small icon on the Solution Explorer toolbar in Visual Studio, as show by the following screenshot:

Figure 20.18. MySQL Website Configuration Tool

MySQL Website Configuration Tool

Clicking on the Website Configuration Tool icon launches the wizard and displays the first screen:

Figure 20.19. MySQL Website Configuration Tool - Membership

MySQL Website Configuration Tool -
          Membership

This allows you to enable use of the MySQL Membership Provider. Simply click the checkbox to enable this. You can now enter the name of the application that you are creating the configuration for. You can also enter a description for the application.

You can then click the Edit... button to launch the Connection String Editor:

Figure 20.20. MySQL Website Configuration Tool - Connection String Editor

MySQL Website Configuration Tool -
          Connection String Editor

Note that if you have already defined a connection string for the providers manually in web.config, or previously using the tool, this will be automatically loaded and displayed, and can then be modified in this dialog.

You can also ensure that the necessary schema are created automatically for you by selecting the Autogenerate Schema checkbox. These schema are used to store membership information. The database used to storage is the one specified in the connection string.

You can also ensure that exceptions generated by the application will be written to the event log by selecting the Write excpetions to event log checkbox.

Clicking the Advanced... button launches a dialog that allows you to set Membership Options. These options dictate such variables as password length required when a user signs up, whether the password is encrypted and whether the user can reset their password or not.

Figure 20.21. MySQL Website Configuration Tool - Advanced Options

MySQL Website Configuration Tool - Advanced
          Options

Once information has been set up as required for configuration of the Membership Provider the Next button can be clicked to display the Roles Provider screen:

Figure 20.22. MySQL Website Configuration Tool - Roles

MySQL Website Configuration Tool -
          Roles

Again the connection string can be edited, a description added and Autogenerate Schema can be enabled before clicking Next to go to the Profiles Provider screen:

Figure 20.23. MySQL Website Configuration Tool - Profiles

MySQL Website Configuration Tool -
          Profiles

This screen display similar options to the previous screens.

Click Next to proceed to the Session State configuration page:

Figure 20.24. MySQL Website Configuration Tool - Session State

MySQL Website Configuration Tool - Session
          State

Once you have set up the Session State Provider as required, click Finish to exit the wizard.

At this point it is necessary to select the Authentication Type to From Internet. This can be done by launching the ASP.NET Configuration Tool, and selecting the Security tab. Click the Select authentication type link and ensure that the From the internet radio button is selected. You can now examine the database you created to store membership information. All the necessary tables will have been created for you:

Figure 20.25. MySQL Website Configuration Tool - Tables

MySQL Website Configuration Tool -
          Tables

20.2.4. Connector/NET Tutorials

20.2.4.1. Tutorial: An Introduction to Connector/NET Programming

This section provides a gentle introduction to programming with Connector/NET. The example code is written in C#, and is designed to work on both Microsoft .NET Framework and Mono.

This tutorial is designed to get you up and running with Connector/NET as quickly as possible, it does not go into detail on any particular topic. However, the following sections of this manual describe each of the topics introduced in this tutorial in more detail. In this tutorial you are encouraged to type in and run the code, modifying it as required for your setup.

This tutorial assumes you have MySQL and Connector/NET already installed. It also assumes that you have installed the World example database, which can be downloaded from the MySQL Documentation page. You can also find details on how to install the database on the same page.

Note

Before compiling the example code make sure that you have added References to your project as required. The References required are System, System.Data and MySql.Data.

20.2.4.1.1. The MySqlConnection Object

For your Connector/NET application to connect to a MySQL database it needs to establish a connection. This is achieved through the use of a MySqlConnection object.

The MySqlConnection constructor takes a connection string as one of its parameters. The connection string provides necessary information to make the connection to the MySQL database. The connection string is discussed more fully in Section 20.2.5.1, “Connecting to MySQL Using Connector/NET”. A reference containing a list of supported connection string options can also be found in Section 20.2.6, “Connector/NET Connection String Options Reference”.

The following code shows how to create a connection object.

using System;
using System.Data;

using MySql.Data;
using MySql.Data.MySqlClient;

public class Tutorial1
{
    public static void Main()
    {
        string connStr = "server=localhost;user=root;database=world;port=3306;password=******;";
        MySqlConnection conn = new MySqlConnection(connStr);
        try
        {
            Console.WriteLine("Connecting to MySQL...");
            conn.Open();
            // Perform databse operations
        }
        catch (Exception ex)
        {
            Console.WriteLine(ex.ToString());
        }
        conn.Close();
        Console.WriteLine("Done.");
    }
}

When the MySqlConnection constructor is invoked it returns a connection object, which is used for subsequent database operations. The first operation in this example is to open the connection. This needs to be done before further operations take place. Before the application exits the connection to the database needs to be closed by calling Close on the connection object.

Sometimes an attempt to perform an Open on a connection object can fail, this will generate an exception that can be handled via standard exception handling code.

In this section you have learned how to create a connection to a MySQL database, and open and close the corresponding connection object.

20.2.4.1.2. The MySqlCommand Object

Once a connection has been established with the MySQL database, the next step is do carry out the desired database operations. This can be achieved through the use of the MySqlCommand object.

You will see how to create a MySqlCommand object. Once it has been created there are three main methods of interest that you can call:

  • ExecuteReader - used to query the database. Results are usually returned in a MySqlDataReader object, created by ExecuteReader.

  • ExecuteNonQuery - used to insert and delete data.

  • ExecuteScalar - used to return a single value.

Once a MySqlCommand object has been created, you will call one of the above methods on it to carry out a database operation, such as perform a query. The results are usually returned into a MySqlDataReader object, and then processed, for example the results might be displayed. The following code demonstrates how this could be done.

using System;
using System.Data;

using MySql.Data;
using MySql.Data.MySqlClient;

public class Tutorial2
{
    public static void Main()
    {
        string connStr = "server=localhost;user=root;database=world;port=3306;password=******;";
        MySqlConnection conn = new MySqlConnection(connStr);
        try
        {
            Console.WriteLine("Connecting to MySQL...");
            conn.Open();

            string sql = "SELECT Name, HeadOfState FROM Country WHERE Continent='Oceania'";
            MySqlCommand cmd = new MySqlCommand(sql, conn);
            MySqlDataReader rdr = cmd.ExecuteReader();

            while (rdr.Read())
            {
                Console.WriteLine(rdr[0]+" -- "+rdr[1]);
            }
        }
        catch (Exception ex)
        {
            Console.WriteLine(ex.ToString());
        }

        rdr.Close();
        conn.Close();
        Console.WriteLine("Done.");
    }
}

When a connection has been created and opened, the code then creates a MySqlCommand object. Note that the SQL query to be executed is passed to the MySqlCommand constructor. The ExecuteReader method is then used to generate a MySqlReader object. The MySqlReader object contains the results generated by the SQL executed on the command object. Once the results have been obtained in a MySqlReader object, the results can be processed. In this case the information is simply printed out as part of a while loop. Finally, the MySqlReader object is displosed of by running its Close method on it.

In the next example you will see how to use the ExecuteNonQuery method.

The procedure for performing an ExecuteNonQuery method call is simpler, as there is no need to create an object to store results. This is because ExecuteNonQuery is only used for inserting, updating and deleting data. The following example illustrates a simple update to the Country table:

using System;
using System.Data;

using MySql.Data;
using MySql.Data.MySqlClient;

public class Tutorial3
{
    public static void Main()
    {
        string connStr = "server=localhost;user=root;database=world;port=3306;password=******;";
        MySqlConnection conn = new MySqlConnection(connStr);
        try
        {
            Console.WriteLine("Connecting to MySQL...");
            conn.Open();

            string sql = "INSERT INTO Country (Name, HeadOfState, Continent) VALUES ('Disneyland','Mickey Mouse', 'North America')";
            MySqlCommand cmd = new MySqlCommand(sql, conn);
            cmd.ExecuteNonQuery();
        }
        catch (Exception ex)
        {
            Console.WriteLine(ex.ToString());
        }

        conn.Close();
        Console.WriteLine("Done.");
    }
}

The query is constructed, the command object created and the ExecuteNonQuery method called on the command object. You can access your MySQL database with the MySQL Client program and verify that the update was carried out correctly.

Finally, you will see how the ExecuteScalar method can be used to return a single value. Again, this is straightforward, as a MySqlDataReader object is not required to store results, a simple variable will do. The following code illustrates how to use ExecuteScalar:

using System;
using System.Data;

using MySql.Data;
using MySql.Data.MySqlClient;

public class Tutorial4
{
    public static void Main()
    {
        string connStr = "server=localhost;user=root;database=world;port=3306;password=******;";
        MySqlConnection conn = new MySqlConnection(connStr);
        try
        {
            Console.WriteLine("Connecting to MySQL...");
            conn.Open();

            string sql = "SELECT COUNT(*) FROM Country";
            MySqlCommand cmd = new MySqlCommand(sql, conn);
            object result = cmd.ExecuteScalar();
            if (result != null)
            {
                int r = Convert.ToInt32(result);
                Console.WriteLine("Number of countries in the World database is: " + r);
            }

        }
        catch (Exception ex)
        {
            Console.WriteLine(ex.ToString());
        }

        conn.Close();
        Console.WriteLine("Done.");
    }
}

This example uses a simple query to count the rows in the Country table. The result is obtained by calling ExecuteScaler on the command object.

20.2.4.1.3. Working with Decoupled Data

Previously, when using MySqlDataReader, the connection to the database was continually maintained, unless explicitly closed. It is also possible to work in a manner where a connection is only established when needed. For example, in this mode, a connection could be established in order to read a chunk of data, the data could then be modified by the application as required. A connection could then be reestablished only if and when the application needs to write data back to the database. This decouples the working data set from the database.

This decouple mode of working with data is supported by Connector/NET. There are several parts involved in allowing this method to work:

  • Data Set - The Data Set is the area in which data is loaded in order to read or modify it. A DataSet object is instantiated, which can store multiple tables of data.

  • Data Adapter - The Data Adapter is the interface between the Data Set and the database itself. The Data Adapter is responsible for efficiently managing connections to the database, opening and closing them as required. The Data Adapter is created by instantiating an object of the MySqlDataAdapter class. The MySqlDataAdapter object has two main methods: Fill which reads data into the Data Set, and Update, which writes data from the Data Set to the database.

  • Command Builder - The Command Builder is a support object. The Command Builder works in conjunction with the Data Adapter. When a MySqlDataAdapter object is created it is typically given an initial SELECT statement. From this SELECT statement the Command Builder can work out the corresponding INSERT, UPDATE and DELETE statements that would be required should the database need to be updated. To create the Command Builder an object of the class MySqlCommandBuilder is created.

Each of these classes will now be discussed in more detail.

Instantiating a DataSet object

A DataSet object can be created simply, as shown in the following example code snippet:

DataSet dsCountry;
...
dsCountry = new DataSet();

Although this creates the DataSet object it has not yet filled it with data. For that a Data Adapter is required.

Instantiating a MySqlDataAdapter object

The MySqlDataAdapter can be created as illustrated by the following example:

MySqlDataAdapter daCountry;
...
string sql = "SELECT Code, Name, HeadOfState FROM Country WHERE Continent='North America'";
daCountry = new MySqlDataAdapter (sql, conn);

Note, the MySqlDataAdapter is given the SQL specifying the data you wish to work with.

Instantiating a MySqlCommandBuilder object

Once the MySqlDataAdapter has been created, it is necessary to generate the additional statements required for inserting, updating and deleting data. There are several ways to do this, but in this tutorial you will see how this can most easily be done with MySqlCommandBuilder. The following code snippet ilustrates how this is done:

MySqlCommandBuilder cb = new MySqlCommandBuilder(daCountry);

Note that the MySqlDataAdapter object is passed as a parameter to the command builder.

Filling the Data Set

In order to do anything useful with the data from your datbase, you need to load it into a Data Set. This is one of the jobs of the MySqlDataAdapter object, and is carried out with its Fill method. The following example code illustrates this:

DataSet dsCountry;
...
dsCountry = new DataSet();
...
daCountry.Fill(dsCountry, "Country");

Note the Fill method is a MySqlDataAdapter method, the Data Adapter knows how to establish a connec tion with the database and retrieve the required data, and then populates the Data Set when the Fill method is called. The second parameter “Country” is the table in the Data Set to update.

Updating the Data Set

The data in the Data Set can now be manipulated by the application as required. At some point, changes to data will need to be written back to the database. This is achieved through a MySqlDataAdapter method, the Update method.

daCountry.Update(dsCountry, "Country");

Again, the Data Set and the table within the Data Set to update are specified.

Working Example

The interactions between the DataSet, MySqlDataAdapter and MySqlCommandBuilder classes can be a little confusing, so their operation can perhaps be best illustrated by working code.

In this example, data from the World database is read into a Data Grid View control. Here, the data can be viewed and changed before clicking an update button. The update button then activates code to write changes back to the database. The code uses the principles explained above. The application was built using the Microsoft Visual Studio in order to place and create the user interface controls, but the main code that uses the key classes descibed above is shown below, and is portable.

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Data;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Windows.Forms;

using MySql.Data;
using MySql.Data.MySqlClient;

namespace WindowsFormsApplication5
{
    public partial class Form1 : Form
    {
        MySqlDataAdapter daCountry;
        DataSet dsCountry;

        public Form1()
        {
            InitializeComponent();
        }

        private void Form1_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {

            string connStr = "server=localhost;user=root;database=world;port=3306;password=******;";
            MySqlConnection conn = new MySqlConnection(connStr);
            try
            {
                label2.Text = "Connecting to MySQL...";

                string sql = "SELECT Code, Name, HeadOfState FROM Country WHERE Continent='North America'";
                daCountry = new MySqlDataAdapter (sql, conn);
                MySqlCommandBuilder cb = new MySqlCommandBuilder(daCountry);

                dsCountry = new DataSet();
                daCountry.Fill(dsCountry, "Country");
                dataGridView1.DataSource = dsCountry;
                dataGridView1.DataMember = "Country";
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                label2.Text = ex.ToString();
            }
        }

        private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            daCountry.Update(dsCountry, "Country");
            label2.Text = "MySQL Database Updated!";
        }

    }
}

The application running is shown below:

Figure 20.26. World Database Application

World Database Application
20.2.4.1.4. Working with Parameters

This part of the tutorial shows you how to use parameters in your Connector/NET application.

Although it is possible to build SQL query strings directly from user input, this is not advisable as it does not prevent from erroneous or malicious information being entered. It is safer to use parameters as they will be processed as field data only. For example, imagine the following query was contructed from user input:

string sql = "SELECT Name, HeadOfState FROM Country WHERE Continent = "+user_continent;

If the string user_continent came from a Text Box control, there would potentially be no control over the string enetred by the user. The user could enter a string that generates a run time error, or in the worst case actually harms the system. When using parameters it is not possible to do this because a parameter is only ever treated as a field parameter, rather than an arbitrary piece of SQL code.

The same query written user a parameter for user input would be:

string sql = "SELECT Name, HeadOfState FROM Country WHERE Continent = @Continent";

Note that the parameter is preceded by an '@' symbol to indicate it is to be treated as a parameter.

As well as marking the position of the parameter in the query string, it is necessary to create a parameter object that can be passed to the Command object. In Connector/NET the class MySqlParameter is used for this purpose. The use of MySqlParameter is best illustrated by a small code snippet:

MySqlParameter param = new MySqlParameter();
param.ParameterName = "@Continent";
param.Value = "North America";
cmd.Parameters.Add(param);

In this example the string "North America" is supplied as the parameter value statically, but in a more practical example it would come from a user input control. Once the parameter has its name and value set it needs to be added to the Command object using the Add method.

A further example illustrates this:

using System;
using System.Data;

using MySql.Data;
using MySql.Data.MySqlClient;

public class Tutorial5
{
    public static void Main()
    {
        string connStr = "server=localhost;user=root;database=world;port=3306;password=******;";
        MySqlConnection conn = new MySqlConnection(connStr);
        try
        {
            Console.WriteLine("Connecting to MySQL...");
            conn.Open();

            string sql = "SELECT Name, HeadOfState FROM Country WHERE Continent=@Continent";
            MySqlCommand cmd = new MySqlCommand(sql, conn);

            Console.WriteLine("Enter a continent e.g. 'North America', 'Europe': ");
            string user_input = Console.ReadLine();

            MySqlParameter param = new MySqlParameter();
            param.ParameterName = "@Continent";
            param.Value = user_input;
            cmd.Parameters.Add(param);

            MySqlDataReader rdr = cmd.ExecuteReader();

            while (rdr.Read())
            {
                Console.WriteLine(rdr["Name"]+" --- "+rdr["HeadOfState"]);
            }
        }
        catch (Exception ex)
        {
            Console.WriteLine(ex.ToString());
        }

        rdr.Close();
        conn.Close();
        Console.WriteLine("Done.");
    }
}

In this part of the tutorial you have see how to use parameters to make your code more secure.

20.2.4.1.5. Working with Stored Procedures

In this section you will see how to work with Stored Procedures. This section assumes you have a basic understanding of what a Stored Procedure is, and how to create one.

For the purposes of this tutorial, you will create a simple Stored Procedure to see how it can be called from Connector/NET. In the MySQL Client program, connect to the World database and enter the following Stored Procedure:

DELIMITER //
CREATE PROCEDURE country_hos
(IN con CHAR(20))
BEGIN
  SELECT Name, HeadOfState FROM Country
  WHERE Continent = con;
END //
DELIMITER ;

Test the Stored Procedure wors as expec ted by typing the following into the MySQL Client program:

CALL country_hos('Europe');

Note that The Stored Routine takes a single parameter, which is the continent you wish to restrict your search to.

Having confirmed that the Stored Procedure is present and correct you can now move on to seeing how it can be accessed from Connector/NET.

Calling a Stored Procedure from your Connector/NET application is similar to techniques you have seen earlier in this tutorial. A MySqlCommand object is created, but rather than taking a SQL query as a parameter it takes the name of the Stored Procedure to call. The MySqlCommand object also needs to be set to the type of Stored Procedure. This is illustrated by the following code snippet:

string rtn = "country_hos";
MySqlCommand cmd = new MySqlCommand(rtn, conn);
cmd.CommandType = CommandType.StoredProcedure;

In this case you also need to pass a parameter to the Stored Procedure. This can be achieved using the techniques seen in the previous section on parameters, Section 20.2.4.1.4, “Working with Parameters”. This is shown in the following code snippet:

MySqlParameter param = new MySqlParameter();
param.ParameterName = "@con";
param.Value = "Europe";
cmd.Parameters.Add(param);

The value of the parameter @con could more realistically have come from a user input control, but for simplicity it is set as a static string in this example.

At this point everything is set up and all that now needs to be done is to call the routine. This can be achieved using techniques also learned in earlier sections, but in this case the ExecuteReader method of the MySqlCommand object is used.

Complete working code for the Stored Procedure example is shown below:

using System;
using System.Data;

using MySql.Data;
using MySql.Data.MySqlClient;

public class Tutorial6
{
    public static void Main()
    {
        string connStr = "server=localhost;user=root;database=world;port=3306;password=******;";
        MySqlConnection conn = new MySqlConnection(connStr);
        try
        {
            Console.WriteLine("Connecting to MySQL...");
            conn.Open();

            string rtn = "country_hos";
            MySqlCommand cmd = new MySqlCommand(rtn, conn);
            cmd.CommandType = CommandType.StoredProcedure;
            MySqlParameter param = new MySqlParameter();
            param.ParameterName = "@con";
            param.Value = "Europe";
            cmd.Parameters.Add(param);

            MySqlDataReader rdr = cmd.ExecuteReader();
            while (rdr.Read())
            {
                Console.WriteLine(rdr[0] + " --- " + rdr[1]);
            }
        }
        catch (Exception ex)
        {
            Console.WriteLine(ex.ToString());
        }

        rdr.Close();
        conn.Close();
        Console.WriteLine("Done.");
    }
}

In this section you have seen how to call a Stored Procedure from Connector/NET. For the moment, this concludes our introductory tutorial on programming with Connector/NET.

20.2.4.2. Tutorial: MySQL Connector/NET ASP.NET Membership and Role Provider

Many web sites feature the facility for the user to create a user account. They can then log into the web site and enjoy a personalized experience. This requires that the developer creates database tables to store user information, along with code to gather and process this data. This represents a burden on the developer, and there is the possibility for security issues to creep into the developed code. However, ASP.NET 2.0 introduced the Membership system. This system is designed around the concept of Membership, Profile and Role Providers, which together provide all of the functionality to implement a user system, that previously would have to have been created by the developer from scratch.

Currently, MySQL Connector/NET provides Membership, Role, Profile and Session State Providers.

This tutorial shows you how to set up your ASP.NET web application to use the MySQL Connector/NET Membership and Role Providers. It assumes that you have MySQL Server installed, along with MySQL Connector/NET and Microsoft Visual Studio. This tutorial was tested with MySQL Connector/NET 6.0.4 and Microsoft Visual Studio 2008 Professional Edition. It is recommmended you use 6.0.4 or above for this tutorial.

  1. Create a new database in the MySQL Server using the MySQL Command Line Client program (mysql), or other suitable tool. It does not matter what name is used for the database, but it should be noted down so that it can be specified in the connection string constructed later in this tutorial. This database will contain the tables, automatically created for you later, used to store data about users and roles.

  2. Create a new ASP.NET Web Site in Visual Studio. If you are not sure how to do this, refer to the following tutorial: Section 20.2.4.6, “Tutorial: Databinding in ASP.NET using LINQ on Entities”, which demonstrates how to create a simple ASP.NET web site.

  3. Add References to MySql.Data and MySql.Web to the web site project.

  4. Locate the machine.config file on your system, which is the configuration file for the .NET Framework.

  5. Search the machine.config file to find the membership provider MySQLMembershipProvider.

  6. Add the attribute autogenerateschema="true". The appropriate section should now resemble the following (note: for the sake of brevity some information has been excluded):

    <membership>
     <providers>
       <add name="AspNetSqlMembershipProvider" 
         type="System.Web.Security.SqlMembershipProvider" 
         ... 
         connectionStringName="LocalSqlServer" 
         ... />
       <add name="MySQLMembershipProvider" 
         autogenerateschema="true" 
         type="MySql.Web.Security.MySQLMembershipProvider, MySql.Web, Version=6.0.4.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=c5687fc88969c44d" 
         connectionStringName="LocalMySqlServer" 
         ... />
     </providers>
    </membership>

    Note that the name for the connection string to be used to connect to the server that contains the membership database is LocalMySqlServer.

    The autogenerateschema="true" attribute will cause MySQL Connector/NET to silently create, or upgrade, the schema on the database server, to contain the required tables for storing membership information.

  7. It is now necessary to create the connection string referenced in the previous step. Load the web site's web.config file into Visual Studio.

  8. Locate the section marked <connectionStrings>. Add the following connection string information:

    <connectionStrings>
      <remove name="LocalMySqlServer"/>
      <add name="LocalMySqlServer"
           connectionString="Datasource=localhost;Database=users;uid=root;pwd=password;"
           providerName="MySql.Data.MySqlClient"/>
    </connectionStrings>

    The database specified is the one created in the first step. You could alternatively have used an existing database.

  9. At this point build the solution to ensure no errors are present. This can be done by selecting Build, Build Solution from the main menu, or pressing F6.

  10. ASP.NET supports the concept of locally and remotely authenticated users. With local authentication the user is validated using their Windows credentials when they attempt to access the web site. This can be useful in an Intranet environment. With remote authentication a user is prompted for their login details when accessing the web site, and these credentials are checked aganst the membership information stored in a database server such as MySQL Server. You will now see how to choose this form of authentication.

    Start the ASP.NET Web Site Administration Tool. This can be done quickly by clicking the small hammer/Earth icon in the Solution Explorer. You can also launch this tool by selecting Website, ASP.NET Configuration from the main menu.

  11. In the ASP.NET Web Site Administration Tool click the Security tab.

  12. Now click the User Authentication Type link.

  13. Select the From the internet radio button. The web site will now need to provide a form to allow the user to enter their login details. These will be checked against membership information stored in the MySQL database.

    Figure 20.27. Authentication Type

    Authentication Type
  14. You now need to specify the Role and Membership Provider to be used. Click the Provider tab.

  15. Click the Select a different provider for each feature (advanced) link.

  16. Now select the MySQLMembershipProvider and the MySQLRoleProvider radio buttons.

    Figure 20.28. Select Membership and Role Provider

    Select Membership and Role
              Provider
  17. In Visual Studio rebuild the solution by selecting Build, Rebuild Solution from the main menu.

  18. Check that the necessary schema has been created. This can be achieved using the MySQL Command Line Client program.

    Figure 20.29. Membership and Role Provider Tables

    Membership and Role Provider
              Tables
  19. Assuming all is present and correct you can now create users and roles for your web application. The easiest way to do this is with the ASP.NET Web Site Administration Tool. However, many web applications contain their own modules for creating roles and users. For simplicity the ASP.NET Web Site Administration Tool will be used in this tutorial.

  20. In the ASP.NET Web Site Administration Tool click on the Security tab. Now that both the Membership and Role Provider are enabled you will see links for creating roles and users. Click the Create or Manage Roles link.

    Figure 20.30. Security Tab

    Security Tab
  21. You can now enter the name of a new Role and click Add Role to create the new Role. Create new Roles as required.

  22. Click the Back button.

  23. Click the Create User link. You can now fill in information about the user to be created, and also allocate that user to one or more Roles.

    Figure 20.31. Create User

    Create User
  24. Using the MySQL Command Line Client program you can check that your database has been correctly populated with the Membership and Role data.

    Figure 20.32. Membership and Roles Table Contents

    Membership and Roles Table
              Contents

In this tutorial you have seen how to set up the MySQL Connector/NET Membership and Role Providers for use in your ASP.NET web application.

20.2.4.3. Tutorial: MySQL Connector/NET ASP.NET Session State Provider

MySQL Connector/NET from version 6.1 has included a MySQL Session State Provider. This provider allows you to store session state in a MySQL database. The following tutorial shows you how to prepare to use the MySQL Session State Provider, and then store session data into the MySQL database. This tutorial uses Microsoft Visual Studio 2008 Professional Edition, MySQL Connector/NET 6.1.1 and MySQL Server 5.1. This tutorial also assumes you have created an empty database, for example test, where you will store session data. You could do this using the MySQL Command Line Client tool.

  1. In Visual Studio create a new ASP.NET web site. If you are not sure how to do this refer to the tutorial Section 20.2.4.6, “Tutorial: Databinding in ASP.NET using LINQ on Entities” which demonstrates how to do this.

  2. Launch the MySQL MySQL Website Configuration tool. Due to a bug in 6.1.1 this may not appear unless you are connected to a server in the Server Explorer. If you are unfamiliar with the MySQL Website Configuration tool it is suggested that you first work through the following tutorial Section 20.2.3.10, “MySQL Website Configuration Tool”.

  3. Navigate through the wizard to the Session State page. Make sure the checkbox Use MySQL to manage my ASP.NET session data is seected.

  4. On the same page configure the connection string to the database that will contain your session data. This database can be empty as MySQL Connector/NET will create the schema required to store session data.

  5. Ensure that the checkbox Autogenerate Schema is selected so that MySQL Connector/NET will create the schema in your database to store the session data correctly.

  6. Enter the name of your application.

  7. Click Finish. The MySQL Website Configuration tool will now update your application's web.config file with information about the connection string and default providers to be used. In this case we have selected the MySQL Session State Provider.

At this point you are ready to use the MySQL database to store session data. To test that the set up has worked you can write a simple program that uses session variables.

  1. Open Default.aspx.cs. In the Page_Load method add the following code:

    Session["SessionVariable1"] = "Test string";
  2. Build your solution.

  3. Run the solution (without debugging). When the application runs, the provider will autogenerate tables required in the database you chose when setting up the application.

  4. Check that the schema was in fact created. Using the MySQL Command Line Client use the target database and then type SHOW TABLES;. You will see that MySQL Connector/NET has created the required schema automatically, as we selected this to happen in the MySQL Website Configuration tool.

  5. Now view the contents of these tables by typing SELECT * FROM my_aspnet_sessions; in the MySQL Command Line Client. This will display the session data our application used. Note that this is stored in binary format so some data may not display as expected.

At this point you have installed the Session State Provider and carried out a preliminary test of the installation. You will now work a bit more with the Session State Provider.

In this part of the tutorial you will set and retrieve a session variable. You can work with your existing project.

  1. Select the Default.aspx and switch to Design View. Add a text box and three buttons. Change the text property for the buttons to “Store Session Variable”, “Clear Textbox”, and “Show Session Variable”. These will be Button1, Button2 and Button3 respectively. Build your solution to ensure that no errors have been introduced.

  2. Still in the Design View, double click Button1. Now to the Button1_Click event handler add code some the handler resembles the following:

    protected void Button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
    {
        Session["SessionString"] = TextBox1.Text;
    }
    

    You have created a new Session variable accessed using the key “SessionString”. This will be set to the text that was entered into the text box when Button1 is clicked.

  3. In Design View double click Button2 to add its click event handler. This button needs to clear text from the text box. The code to do this is as follows:

    protected void Button2_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
    {
        TextBox1.Text = "";
    }
    

    The code simply assigns an empty string to the Text property of the text box.

  4. In the Desin View double click Button3 and modify the click handler as follows:

    protected void Button3_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
    {
        TextBox1.Text = (String)Session["SessionString"];
    }
    

    This will retrieve the session string and display it in the text box.

  5. Now modify the Page_Load method as follows:

    protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
    {
        if (!IsPostBack)
        {
           TextBox1.Text = "Enter some text"; 
        }
    }
    

    This ensures that when the page loads the text box Text property is reset.

  6. Ensure that the solution is saved and then rebuild the solution.

  7. Run the solution without debugging.

  8. The form will be displayed. Enter some text into the text box. Now click Store Session Variable. At this point you have stored the string in a session variable.

  9. Now click Clear Text to clear the text box.

  10. Now click Show Session Variable to retrieve and display the session variable.

  11. Refresh the page to destroy the form and display a new form.

  12. Click Show Session Variable the text box will display the stored session variable, demonstrating that the refreshing the page does not destroy the session variable.

This illustrates that the session state data is not destroyed when a page is reloaded.

20.2.4.4. Tutorial: MySQL Connector/NET ASP.NET Profile Provider

This tutorial shows you how to use the MySQL Profile Provider to store user profile information in a MySQL database. The tutorial uses MySQL Connector/NET 6.1.1, MySQL Server 5.1 and Microsoft Visual Studio 2008 Professional Edition.

Many modern web sites allow the user to create a personal profile. This requires a significant amount of code, but ASP.NET reduces this considerable by including the functionality in its Profile classes. The Profile Provider provides an abstraction between these classes and a data source. The MySQL Profile Provider allows profile data to be stored in a MySQL database. This allows the profile properties to be written to a persistent store, and be retrieved when required. The Profile Provider also allows profile data to be managed effectively, for example it allows profiles that have not been accessed since a specific date to be deleted.

The following steps show you how you can select the MySQL Profile Provider.

  1. Create a new ASP.NET web project.

  2. Select the MySQL Website Configuration tool. Due to a bug in 6.1.1 you may have to first connect to a server in Server Explorer before the tool's icon will display in the toolbar of the Solution Explorer.

  3. In the MySQL Website Configuration tool navigate through the tool to the Profiles page.

  4. Select the Use MySQL to manage my profiles checkbox.

  5. Select the Autogenerate Schema checkbox.

  6. Click the Edit... button and configure a connection string for the database that will be used to store user profile information.

  7. Navigate to the last page of the tool and click Finish to save your changes and exit the tool.

At this point you are now ready to start using the MySQL Profile Provider. With the following steps you can carry out a preliminary test of your installation.

  1. Open your web.config file.

  2. Add a simple profile such as the following:

    <system.web>
      <anonymousIdentification enabled="true"/> 
      <profile defaultProvider="MySQLProfileProvider">
        ...
        <properties>
          <add name="Name" allowAnonymous="true"/>
          <add name="Age" allowAnonymous="true" type="System.UInt16"/>
          <group name="UI">
            <add name="Color" allowAnonymous="true" defaultValue="Blue"/>
            <add name="Style" allowAnonymous="true" defaultValue="Plain"/>
          </group>
        </properties>
      </profile>
      ...
    

    Note that anonymousIdentification has been set to true. This allows users who have not been authenticated to use profiles. They are identified by a GUID in a cookie rather than by user name.

Now that the simple profile has been defined in web.config, the next step is to write some code to test the profile.

  1. In Design View design a simple page with the following controls:

    Figure 20.33. Simple Profile Application

    Simple Profile Application

    These will allow the user to enter some profile information. The user can also use the buttons to save their profile, clear the page, and restore their profile data.

  2. In the Code View add code as follows:

    ...
    protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
    {
        if (!IsPostBack)
        {
            TextBox1.Text = Profile.Name;
            TextBox2.Text = Profile.Age.ToString();
            Label1.Text = Profile.UI.Color;
        }
    }
        
    // Store Profile
    protected void Button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
    {
        Profile.Name = TextBox1.Text;
        Profile.Age = UInt16.Parse(TextBox2.Text);
    }
        
    // Clear Form
    protected void Button2_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
    {
        TextBox1.Text = "";
        TextBox2.Text = "";
        Label1.Text = "";
    }
    
    // Retrieve Profile
    protected void Button3_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
    {
        TextBox1.Text = Profile.Name;
        TextBox2.Text = Profile.Age.ToString();
        Label1.Text = Profile.UI.Color;
    }
    
    protected void DropDownList1_SelectedIndexChanged(object sender, EventArgs e)
    {
        Profile.UI.Color = DropDownList1.SelectedValue;
    }
    ...
    
  3. Save all files and build the solution to check that no errors have been introduced.

  4. Run the application.

  5. Enter your name, age and select a color from the listbox. Now store this information in your profile by clicking Store Profile. Note that if you do not select a color from the listbox your profile will use the default color Blue that was specified in the web.config file.

  6. Click Clear Form to clear text from the textboxes and the label that displays your chosen color.

  7. Now click Retrieve Profile to restore your profile data from the MySQL database.

  8. Now exit the browser to terminate the application.

  9. Run the application again. Note that when the page loads your profile information is restored from the MySQL database.

In this tutorial you have seen how to using the MySQL Profile Provider with MySQL Connector/NET.

20.2.4.5. Tutorial: Using an Entity Framework Entity as a Windows Forms Data Source

In this tutorial you will learn how to create a Windows Forms Data Source from an Entity in an Entity Data Model. This tutorial assumes that you have installed the World example database, which can be downloaded from the MySQL Documentation page. You can also find details on how to install the database on the same page. It will also be convenient for you to create a connection to the World database after it is installed. For instructions on how to do this see Section 20.2.3.1, “Making a connection”.

Creating a new Windows Forms application

The first step is to create a new Windows Forms application.

  1. In Visual Studio, select File, New, Project from the main menu.

  2. Choose the Windows Forms Application installed template. Click OK. The solution is created.

Adding an Entity Data Model

You will now add an Entity Data Model to your solution.

  1. In the Solution Explorer, right click on your application and select Add, New Item.... From Visual Studio installed templates select ADO.NET Entity Data Model. Click Add.

    Figure 20.34. Add Entity Data Model

    Add Entity Data Model
  2. You will now see the Entity Data Model Wizard. You will use the wizard to generate the Entity Data Model from the world example database. Select the icon Generate from database. Click Next.

    Figure 20.35. Entity Data Model Wizard Screen 1

    Entity Data Model Wizard Screen
              1
  3. You can now select the connection you made earlier to the World database. If you have not already done so, you can create the new connection at this time by clicking on New Connection.... For further instructions on creating a connection to a database see Section 20.2.3.1, “Making a connection”.

    Figure 20.36. Entity Data Model Wizard Screen 2

    Entity Data Model Wizard Screen
              2
  4. Make a note of the entity connection settings to be used in App.Config, as these will be used later to write the necessary control code.

  5. Click Next.

  6. The Entity Data Model Wizard connects to the database. You are then presented with a tree structure of the database. From this you can select the object you would like to include in your model. If you had created Views and Stored Routines these will be displayed along with any tables. In this example you just need to select the tables. Click Finish to create the model and exit the wizard.

    Figure 20.37. Entity Data Model Wizard Screen 3

    Entity Data Model Wizard Screen
              3
  7. Visual Studio will generate the model and then display it.

    Figure 20.38. Entity Data Model Diagram

    Entity Data Model Diagram
  8. From the Visual Studio main menu select Build, Build Solution, to ensure that everything compiles correctly so far.

Adding a new Data Source

You will now add a new Data Source to your project and see how it can be used to read and write to the database.

  1. From the Visual Studio main menu select Data, Add New Data Source.... You will be presented with the Data Source Configuration Wizard.

    Figure 20.39. Entity Data Source Configuration Wizard Screen 1

    Entity Data Source Configuration Wizard
              Screen 1
  2. Select the Object icon. Click Next.

  3. You will now select the Object you wish to bind to. Expand the tree. In this tutorial you will select the city table. Once the city table has been selected click Next.

    Figure 20.40. Entity Data Source Configuration Wizard Screen 2

    Entity Data Source Configuration Wizard
              Screen 2
  4. The wizard will confirm that the city object is to be added. Click Finish.

    Figure 20.41. Entity Data Source Configuration Wizard Screen 3

    Entity Data Source Configuration Wizard
              Screen 3
  5. The city object will be display in the Data Sources panel. If the Data Sources panel is not displayed, select Data, Show Data Sources from the Visual Studio main menu. The docked panel will then be displayed.

    Figure 20.42. Data Sources

    Data Sources

Using the Data Source in a Windows Form

You will now learn how to use the Data Source in a Windows Form.

  1. In the Data Sources panel select the Data Source you just created and drag and drop it onto the Form Designer. By default the Data Source object will be added as a Data Grid View control. Note that the Data Grid View control is bound to the cityBindingSource and the Navigator control is bound to cityBindingNavigator.

    Figure 20.43. Data Form Designer

    Data Form Designer
  2. Save and rebuild the solution before continuing.

Adding Code to Populate the Data Grid View

You are now ready to add code to ensure that the Data Grid View control will be populated with data from the City database table.

  1. Double click the form to access its code.

  2. Add code to instatiate the Entity Data Model's EntityContainer object and retrieve data from the database to populate the control.

    Figure 20.44. Adding Code to the Form

    Adding Code to the Form
  3. Save and rebuild the solution.

  4. Run the solution. Ensure the grid is populated and you can navigate the database.

    Figure 20.45. The Populated Grid Control

    The Populated Grid Control

Adding Code to Save Changes to the Database

You will now add code to enable you to save changes to the database.

The Binding source component ensures that changes made in the Data Grid View control are also made to the Entity classes bound to it. However, that data needs to be saved back from the entities to the database itself. This can be achieved by the enabling of the Save button in the Navigator control, and the addition of some code.

  1. In the Form Designer click on the Save icon in the Form toolbar and ensure that its Enabled property is set to True.

    Figure 20.46. Save Button Enabled

    Save Button Enabled
  2. Double click the Save icon in the Form toolbar to display its code.

  3. You now need to add code to ensure that data is saved to the database when the save button is click in the application.

    Figure 20.47. Adding Save Code to the Form

    Adding Save Code to the Form
  4. Once the code has been added, save the solution and rebuild it. Run the application and verify that changes made in the grid are saved.

20.2.4.6. Tutorial: Databinding in ASP.NET using LINQ on Entities

In this tutorial you create an ASP.NET web page that binds LINQ queries to entities using the Entity Framework mapping.

If you have not already done so, you should install the World example database prior to attempting this tutorial. Instructions on where to obtain the database and instructions on how to install it where given in the tutorial Section 20.2.4.5, “Tutorial: Using an Entity Framework Entity as a Windows Forms Data Source”.

Creating an ASP.NET web site

In this part of the tutorial you will create an ASP.NET web site. The web site will use the World database. The main web page will feature a drop down list from which you can select a country, data about that country's cities will then be displayed in a grid view control.

  1. From the Visual Studio main menu select File, New, Web Site....

  2. From the Visual Studio installed templates select ASP.NET Web Site. Click OK. You will be presented with the Source view of your web page by default.

  3. Click the Design view tab situated underneath the Source view panel.

    Figure 20.48. The Design Tab

    The Design Tab
  4. In the Design view panel, enter some text to decorate the blank web page.

  5. Click on Toolbox. From the list of controls select DropDownList. Drag and drop the control to a location beneath the text on your web page.

    Figure 20.49. Drop Down List

    Drop Down List
  6. From the DropDownList control's context menu, ensure that the Enable AutoPostBack check box is enabled. This will ensure the control's event handler is called when an item is selected. The user's choice will in turn be used to populate the GridView control.

    Figure 20.50. Enable AutoPostBack

    Enable AutoPostBack
  7. From the Toolbox select the GridView control.

    Figure 20.51. Grid View Control

    Grid Vew Control

    Drag and drop the Grid Vew control to a location just below the Drop Down List you already placed.

    Figure 20.52. Placed Grid Vew Control

    Placed Grid View Control
  8. At this point it is recommended that you save your solution, and build the solution to ensure that there are no errors.

  9. If you run the solution you will see that the text and drop down list are displayed, but the list is empty. Also, the grid view does not appear at all. Adding this functionality is described in the following sections.

At this stage you have a web site that will build, but further functionality is required. The next step will be to use the Entity Framework to create a mapping from the World database into entities that you can control programmatically.

Creating an ADO.NET Entity Data Model

In this stage of the tutorial you will add an ADO.NET Entity Data Model to your project, using the World database at the storage level. The procedure for doing this is described in the tutorial Section 20.2.4.5, “Tutorial: Using an Entity Framework Entity as a Windows Forms Data Source”, and so will not be repeated here.

Populating a Drop Data List Box with using the results of a entity LINQ query

In this part of the tutorial you will write code to populate the DropDownList control. When the web page loads the data to populate the list will be achieved by using the results of a LINQ query on the model created previously.

  1. In the Design view panel, double click on any blank area. This brings up the Page_Load method.

  2. Modify the relevant section of code according to the following listing:

    ...
    public partial class _Default : System.Web.UI.Page
    {
        worldModel.worldEntities we;
    
        protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            we = new worldModel.worldEntities();
    
            if (!IsPostBack)
            {
                var countryQuery = from c in we.country
                                   orderby c.Name
                                   select new { c.Code, c.Name };
                DropDownList1.DataValueField = "Code";
                DropDownList1.DataTextField = "Name";
                DropDownList1.DataSource = countryQuery;
                DataBind();
            }
        }
    ...
    

    Note that the list control only needs to be populated when the page first loads. The conditional code ensures that if the page is subsequently reloaded, the list control is not repopulated, which would cause the user selection to be lost.

  3. Save the solution, build it and run it. You should see the list control has been populated. You can select an item, but as yet the grid view control does not apear.

At this point you have a working Drop Down List control, populated by a LINQ query on your entity data model.

Populating a Grid View control using an entity LINQ query

In the last part of this tutorial you will populate the Grid View Control using a LINQ query on your entity data model.

  1. In the Design view double click on the DropDownList control. This causes its SelectedIndexChanged code to be displayed. This method is called when a user selects an item in the list control and thus fires an AutoPostBack event.

  2. Modify the relevant section of code accordingly to the following listing:

    ...
        protected void DropDownList1_SelectedIndexChanged(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            var cityQuery = from c in we.city
                            where c.CountryCode == DropDownList1.SelectedValue
                            orderby c.Name
                            select new { c.Name, c.Population, c.CountryCode };
            GridView1.DataSource = cityQuery;
            DataBind();
        }
    ...
    

    The grid view control is populated from the result of the LINQ query on the entity data model.

  3. As a check compare your code to that shown in the following screenshot:

    Figure 20.53. Source Code

    Source Code
  4. Save, build and run the solution. As you select a country you will see its cities are displayed in the grid view control.

    Figure 20.54. The Working Web Site

    The Working Web Site

In this tutorial you have seen how to create an ASP.NET web site, you have also seen how you can access a MySQL database via LINQ queries on an entity data model.

20.2.4.7. Tutorial: Using SSL with MySQL Connector/NET

In this tutorial you will learn how you can use MySQL Connector/NET to connect to a MySQL server configured to use SSL. Support for SSL client certificates was added with MySQL Connector/NET 6.2.

MySQL Server uses the PEM format for certificates and private keys. This tutorial will use the test certificates from the server test suite by way of example. You can obtain the MySQL Server source code from MySQL Downloads. The certificates can be found in the directory ./mysql-test/std_data.

To carry out the steps in this tutorial you will also need to have Open SSL installed. This can be downloaded for Microsoft Windows at no charge from Shining Light Productions.

Further details on the connection string options used in this tutorial can be found at Section 20.2.6, “Connector/NET Connection String Options Reference”.

Configuring the MySQL Server to use SSL

  1. In the MySQL Server configuration file, set the SSL parameters as follows:

    ssl-ca=path/to/repo/mysql-test/std_data/cacert.pem 
    ssl-cert=path/to/repo/mysql-test/std_data/server-cert.pem 
    ssl-key=path/to/repo/mysql-test/std_data/server-key.pem 
    

    Adjust the directories according to the location in which you installed the MySQL source code.

  2. In this step you create a test user and set the user to require SSL.

    Using the MySQL Command Line Client, connect as root and create the user sslclient.

  3. To set privileges and requirements, issue the following command:

    GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO sslclient@'%' REQUIRE SSL;

Creating a certificate file to use with the .NET client

  1. The .NET client does not use the PEM file format, as .NET does not support this format natively. You will be using test client certificates from the same server repository, for the purposes of this example. You will need to convert these to PFX format first. This format is also known as PKCS#12. An article describing this procedure can be found at the Citrix website. From the directory server-repository-root/mysql-test/std_data, issue the following command:

    openssl pkcs12 -export -in client-cert.pem -inkey client-key.pem -certfile cacert.pem -out client.pfx
  2. When asked for an export password, enter the password “pass”. The file client.pfx will be generated. This file is used in the remainder of the tutorial.

Connecting to the server using a file-based certificate

  1. You will use PFX file, client.pfx you created in the previous step to authenticate the client. The following example demonstrates how to connect using the SSL Mode, CertificateFile and CertificatePassword connection string options:

    using (MySqlConnection connection = new MySqlConnection( 
      "database=test;user=sslclient;" +  
      "CertificateFile=H:\\bzr\\mysql-trunk\\mysqlest\\std_data\\client.pfx" +  
      "CertificatePassword=pass;" + 
      "SSL Mode=Required ")) 
    { 
        connection.Open(); 
    }

    The path to the certificate file will need to be changed to reflect your individual installation.

Connecting to the server using a store-based certificate

  1. The first step is to import the PFX file, client.pfx, into the Personal Store. Double-click the file in Windows explorer. This launches the Certificate Import Wizard.

  2. Follow the steps dictated by the wizard, and when prompted for the password for the PFX file, enter “pass”.

  3. Click Finish to close the wizard and import the certificate into the personal store.

Examine certificates in the Personal Store

  1. Start the Microsoft Management Console by entering mmc.exe at a command prompt.

  2. Select File, Add/Remove snap-in. Click Add. Select Certificates from the list of available snap-ins in the dialog.

  3. Click Add button in the dialog, and select the My user account radio button. This is used for personal certificates.

  4. Click the Finish button.

  5. Click OK to close the Add/Remove Snap-in dialog.

  6. You will now have Certificates – Current User displayed in the left panel of the Microsoft Management Console. Expand the Certificates - Current User tree item and select Personal, Certificates. The right-hand panel will display a certificate issued to MySQL. This is the certificate that was previously imported. Double-click the certificate to display its details.

  7. After you have imported the certificate to the Personal Store, you can use a more succint connection string to connect to the database, as illustrated by the following code:

    using (MySqlConnection connection = new MySqlConnection( 
       "database=test;user=sslclient;" +  
       "Certificate Store Location=CurrentUser;" +  
       "SSL Mode=Required")) 
    { 
       connection.Open(); 
    }

Certificate Thumbprint Parameter

If you have a large number of certificates in your store, and many have the same Issuer, this can be a source of confusion and result in the wrong certificate being used. To alleviate this situation, there is an optional Certificate Thumbprint parameter that can additionally be specified as part of the connection string. As mentioned before, you can double-click on a certificate in the Microsoft Management Console to display the certificate's details. When the Certificate dialog is displayed click the Details tab and scroll down to see the thumbprint. The thumbprint will typically be a number such as ?47 94 36 00 9a 40 f3 01 7a 14 5c f8 47 9e 76 94 d7 aa de f0. This thumbprint can be used in the connection string, as the following code illustrates:

using (MySqlConnection connection = new MySqlConnection( 
      "database=test;user=sslclient;" + 
      "Certificate Store Location=CurrentUser;" + 
      "Certificate Thumbprint=479436009a40f3017a145cf8479e7694d7aadef0;"+ 
      "SSL Mode=Required")) 
{ 
    connection.Open(); 
}

Spaces in the thumbprint parameter are optional and the value is case-insensitive.

20.2.5. Connector/NET Programming

Connector/NET comprises several classes that are used to connect to the database, execute queries and statements, and manage query results.

The following are the major classes of Connector/NET:

  • MySqlCommand: Represents an SQL statement to execute against a MySQL database.

  • MySqlCommandBuilder: Automatically generates single-table commands used to reconcile changes made to a DataSet with the associated MySQL database.

  • MySqlConnection: Represents an open connection to a MySQL Server database.

  • MySqlDataAdapter: Represents a set of data commands and a database connection that are used to fill a data set and update a MySQL database.

  • MySqlDataReader: Provides a means of reading a forward-only stream of rows from a MySQL database.

  • MySqlException: The exception that is thrown when MySQL returns an error.

  • MySqlHelper: Helper class that makes it easier to work with the provider.

  • MySqlTransaction: Represents an SQL transaction to be made in a MySQL database.

In the following sections you will learn about some common use cases for Connector/NET, including BLOB handling, date handling, and using Connector/NET with common tools such as Crystal Reports.

20.2.5.1. Connecting to MySQL Using Connector/NET

Introduction

All interaction between a .NET application and the MySQL server is routed through a MySqlConnection object. Before your application can interact with the server, a MySqlConnection object must be instanced, configured, and opened.

Even when using the MySqlHelper class, a MySqlConnection object is created by the helper class.

In this section, we will describe how to connect to MySQL using the MySqlConnection object.

20.2.5.2. Creating a Connection String

The MySqlConnection object is configured using a connection string. A connection string contains sever key/value pairs, separated by semicolons. Each key/value pair is joined with an equals sign.

The following is a sample connection string:

Server=127.0.0.1;Uid=root;Pwd=12345;Database=test;

In this example, the MySqlConnection object is configured to connect to a MySQL server at 127.0.0.1, with a user name of root and a password of 12345. The default database for all statements will be the test database.

The following options are available:

Note

Using the '@' symbol for parameters is now the preferred approach although the old pattern of using '?' is still supported.

Please be aware however that using '@' can cause conflicts when user variables are also used. To help with this situation please see the documentation on the Allow User Variables connection string option, which can be found here: Section 20.2.5.2, “Creating a Connection String”. The Old Syntax connection string option has now been deprecated.

20.2.5.2.1. Opening a Connection

Once you have created a connection string it can be used to open a connection to the MySQL server.

The following code is used to create a MySqlConnection object, assign the connection string, and open the connection.

Visual Basic Example

Dim conn As New MySql.Data.MySqlClient.MySqlConnection
Dim myConnectionString as String

myConnectionString = "server=127.0.0.1;" _
            & "uid=root;" _
            & "pwd=12345;" _
            & "database=test;"

Try
  conn.ConnectionString = myConnectionString
  conn.Open()

Catch ex As MySql.Data.MySqlClient.MySqlException
  MessageBox.Show(ex.Message)
End Try
  

C# Example

MySql.Data.MySqlClient.MySqlConnection conn;
string myConnectionString;

myConnectionString = "server=127.0.0.1;uid=root;" +
    "pwd=12345;database=test;";

try
{
    conn = new MySql.Data.MySqlClient.MySqlConnection();
    conn.ConnectionString = myConnectionString;
    conn.Open();
}
catch (MySql.Data.MySqlClient.MySqlException ex)
{
    MessageBox.Show(ex.Message);
}

You can also pass the connection string to the constructor of the MySqlConnection class:

Visual Basic Example

Dim myConnectionString as String

myConnectionString = "server=127.0.0.1;" _
              & "uid=root;" _
              & "pwd=12345;" _
              & "database=test;"

Try
    Dim conn As New MySql.Data.MySqlClient.MySqlConnection(myConnectionString)
    conn.Open()
Catch ex As MySql.Data.MySqlClient.MySqlException
   MessageBox.Show(ex.Message)
End Try
  

C# Example

MySql.Data.MySqlClient.MySqlConnection conn;
string myConnectionString;

myConnectionString = "server=127.0.0.1;uid=root;" +
    "pwd=12345;database=test;";

try
{
    conn = new MySql.Data.MySqlClient.MySqlConnection(myConnectionString);
    conn.Open();
}
catch (MySql.Data.MySqlClient.MySqlException ex)
{
    MessageBox.Show(ex.Message);
}

Once the connection is open it can be used by the other Connector/NET classes to communicate with the MySQL server.

20.2.5.2.2. Handling Connection Errors

Because connecting to an external server is unpredictable, it is important to add error handling to your .NET application. When there is an error connecting, the MySqlConnection class will return a MySqlException object. This object has two properties that are of interest when handling errors:

  • Message: A message that describes the current exception.

  • Number: The MySQL error number.

When handling errors, you can your application's response based on the error number. The two most common error numbers when connecting are as follows:

  • 0: Cannot connect to server.

  • 1045: Invalid user name and/or password.

The following code shows how to adapt the application's response based on the actual error:

Visual Basic Example

Dim myConnectionString as String

myConnectionString = "server=127.0.0.1;" _
          & "uid=root;" _
          & "pwd=12345;" _
          & "database=test;"

Try
    Dim conn As New MySql.Data.MySqlClient.MySqlConnection(myConnectionString)
    conn.Open()
Catch ex As MySql.Data.MySqlClient.MySqlException
    Select Case ex.Number
        Case 0
            MessageBox.Show("Cannot connect to server. Contact administrator")
        Case 1045
            MessageBox.Show("Invalid username/password, please try again")
    End Select
End Try
  

C# Example

MySql.Data.MySqlClient.MySqlConnection conn;
string myConnectionString;

myConnectionString = "server=127.0.0.1;uid=root;" +
    "pwd=12345;database=test;";

try
{
    conn = new MySql.Data.MySqlClient.MySqlConnection(myConnectionString);
    conn.Open();
}
    catch (MySql.Data.MySqlClient.MySqlException ex)
{
    switch (ex.Number)
    {
        case 0:
            MessageBox.Show("Cannot connect to server.  Contact administrator");
        case 1045:
            MessageBox.Show("Invalid username/password, please try again");
    }
}
  

Important

Note that if you are using multilanguage databases you must specify the character set in the connection string. If you do not specify the character set, the connection defaults to the latin1 charset. You can specify the character set as part of the connection string, for example:

MySqlConnection myConnection = new MySqlConnection("server=127.0.0.1;uid=root;" +
    "pwd=12345;database=test;Charset=latin1;");
20.2.5.2.3. Using GetSchema on a Connection

The GetSchema() method of the connection object can be used to retrieve schema information about the database currently connected to. The schema information is returned in the form of a DataTable. The schema information is organised into a number of collections. Different forms of the GetSchema() method can be used depending on the information required. There are three forms of the GetSchema() method:

  • GetSchema() - This call will return a list of available collections.

  • GetSchema(String) - This call returns information about the collection named in the string parameter. If the string “MetaDataCollections” is used then a list of all available collections is returned. This is the same as calling GetSchema() without any parameters.

  • GetSchema(String, String[]) - In this call the first string parameter represents the collection name, and the second parameter represents a string array of restriction values. Restriction values limit the amount of data that will be returned. Restriction values are explained in more detail in the Microsoft .NET documentation.

20.2.5.2.3.1. Collections

The collections can be broadly grouped into two types: collections that are common to all data providers, and collections specific to a particular provider.

Common

The following collections are common to all data providers:

  • MetaDataCollections

  • DataSourceInformation

  • DataTypes

  • Restrictions

  • ReservedWords

Provider-specific

The following are the collections currently provided by MySQL Connector/NET, in addition to the common collections above:

  • Databases

  • Tables

  • Columns

  • Users

  • Foreign Keys

  • IndexColumns

  • Indexes

  • Foreign Key Columns

  • UDF

  • Views

  • ViewColumns

  • Procedure Parameters

  • Procedures

  • Triggers

Example Code

A list of available collections can be obtained using the following code:

using System;
using System.Data;
using System.Text;
using MySql.Data;
using MySql.Data.MySqlClient;

namespace ConsoleApplication2
{
    class Program
    {

        private static void DisplayData(System.Data.DataTable table)
        {
            foreach (System.Data.DataRow row in table.Rows)
            {
                foreach (System.Data.DataColumn col in table.Columns)
                {
                    Console.WriteLine("{0} = {1}", col.ColumnName, row[col]);
                }
                Console.WriteLine("============================");
            }
        }

        static void Main(string[] args)
        {

            string connStr = "server=localhost;user=root;database=world;port=3306;password=******;";
            MySqlConnection conn = new MySqlConnection(connStr);

            try
            {
                Console.WriteLine("Connecting to MySQL...");
                conn.Open();

                DataTable table = conn.GetSchema("MetaDataCollections");
                //DataTable table = conn.GetSchema("UDF");
                DisplayData(table);

                conn.Close();
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                Console.WriteLine(ex.ToString());
            }
            Console.WriteLine("Done.");
        }
    }
}

Further information on the GetSchema() method and schema collections can be found in the Microsoft .NET documentation.

20.2.5.3. Using MySqlCommand

A MySqlCommand has the CommandText and CommandType properties associated with it. The CommandText will be handled differently depending on the setting of CommandType. CommandType can be one of:

  1. Text - A SQL text command (default)

  2. StoredProcedure - The name of a Stored Procedure

  3. TableDirect - The name of a table (new in Connector/NET 6.2)

The default CommandType, Text, is used for executing queries and other SQL commands. Some example of this can be found in the following section Section 20.2.4.1.2, “The MySqlCommand Object”.

If CommandType is set to StoredProcedure, CommandText should be set to the name of the Stored Procedure to access.

If CommandType is set to TableDirect, all rows and columns of the named table will be returned when you call one of the Execute methods. In effect, this command performs a SELECT * on the table specified. The CommandText property is set to the name of the table you wish to query. This is illustrated by the following code snippet:

...
MySqlCommand cmd = new MySqlCommand();
cmd.CommandText = "mytable";
cmd.Connection = someConnection;
cmd.CommandType = CommandType.TableDirect;
SqlDataReader reader = cmd.ExecuteReader();
while (reader.Read())
{
   Console.WriteLn(reader[0], reader[1]...);
}
...

Examples of using the CommandType of StoredProcedure can be found in the section Section 20.2.5.6.2, “Calling a Stored Procedure from Connector/NET”.

Commands can have a timeout associated with them. This is useful as you may not want a situation were a command takes up an excessive amount of time. A timeout can be set using the CommandTimeout property. The following code snippet sets a timeout of one minute:

MySqlCommand cmd = new MySqlCommand();
cmd.CommandTimeout = 60;

The default value is 30 secs. A value of 0 indicates an indefinite wait and should be avoided. Note the default command timeout can be changed using the connection string option Default Command Timeout.

Prior to MySQL Connector/NET 6.2, MySqlCommand.CommandTimeout included user processing time, that is processing time not related to direct use of the connector. Timeout was implemented through a .NET Timer, that triggered after CommandTimeout seconds. This timer consumed a thread.

MySQL Connector/NET 6.2 introduced timeouts that are aligned with how Microsoft handles SqlCommand.CommandTimeout. This property is the cumulative timeout for all network reads and writes during command execution or processing of the results. A timeout can still occur in the MySqlReader.Read method after the first row is returned, and does not include user processing time, only IO operations. The 6.2 implementation uses the underlying stream timeout facility, so is more efficient in that it does not require the additional timer thread as was the case with the previous implementation.

Further details on this can be found in the relevant Microsoft documentation.

20.2.5.4. Using Connector/NET with Connection Pooling

The Connector/NET supports connection pooling. This is enabled by default, but can be turned off via connection string options. See Section 20.2.5.2, “Creating a Connection String” for further information.

Connection pooling works by keeping the native connection to the server live when the client disposes of a MySqlConnection. Subsequently, if a new MySqlConnection object is opened, it will be created from the connection pool, rather than creating a new native connection. This improves performance.

To work as designed, it is best to let the connection pooling system manage all connections. You should not create a globally accessible instance of MySqlConnection and then manually open and close it. This interferes with the way the pooling works and can lead to unpredictable results or even exceptions.

One approach that simplifies things is to avoid manually creating a MySqlConnection object. Instead use the overloaded methods that take a connection string as an argument. Using this approach, Connector/NET will automatically create, open, close and destroy connections, using the connection pooling system for best performance.

Typed Datasets and the MembershipProvider and RoleProvider classes use this approach. Most classes that have methods that take a MySqlConnection as an argument, also have methods that take a connection string as an argument. This includes MySqlDataAdapter.

Instead of manually creating MySqlCommand objects, you can use the static methods of the MySqlHelper class. These take a connection string as an argument, and they fully support connection pooling.

Starting with MySQL Connector/NET 6.2, there is a background job that runs every three minutes and removes connections from pool that have been idle (unused) for more than three minutes. The pool cleanup frees resources on both client and server side. This is because on the client side every connection uses a socket, and on the server side every connection uses a socket and a thread.

Prior to this change, connections were never removed from the pool, and the pool always contained the peak number of open connections. For example, a web application that peaked at 1000 concurrent database connections would consume 1000 threads and 1000 open sockets at the server, without ever freeing up those resources from the connection pool.

20.2.5.5. Using the Connector/NET with Prepared Statements

Introduction

As of MySQL 4.1, it is possible to use prepared statements with Connector/NET. Use of prepared statements can provide significant performance improvements on queries that are executed more than once.

Prepared execution is faster than direct execution for statements executed more than once, primarily because the query is parsed only once. In the case of direct execution, the query is parsed every time it is executed. Prepared execution also can provide a reduction of network traffic because for each execution of the prepared statement, it is necessary only to send the data for the parameters.

Another advantage of prepared statements is that it uses a binary protocol that makes data transfer between client and server more efficient.

20.2.5.5.1. Preparing Statements in Connector/NET

To prepare a statement, create a command object and set the .CommandText property to your query.

After entering your statement, call the .Prepare method of the MySqlCommand object. After the statement is prepared, add parameters for each of the dynamic elements in the query.

After you enter your query and enter parameters, execute the statement using the .ExecuteNonQuery(), .ExecuteScalar(), or .ExecuteReader methods.

For subsequent executions, you need only modify the values of the parameters and call the execute method again, there is no need to set the .CommandText property or redefine the parameters.

Visual Basic Example

Dim conn As New MySqlConnection
Dim cmd As New MySqlCommand

conn.ConnectionString = strConnection

Try
   conn.Open()
   cmd.Connection = conn

   cmd.CommandText = "INSERT INTO myTable VALUES(NULL, @number, @text)"
   cmd.Prepare()

   cmd.Parameters.Add("@number", 1)
   cmd.Parameters.Add("@text", "One")

   For i = 1 To 1000
       cmd.Parameters["@number"].Value = i
       cmd.Parameters["@text"].Value = "A string value"

       cmd.ExecuteNonQuery()
     Next
Catch ex As MySqlException
    MessageBox.Show("Error " & ex.Number & " has occurred: " & ex.Message, "Error", MessageBoxButtons.OK, MessageBoxIcon.Error)
End Try
  

C# Example

MySql.Data.MySqlClient.MySqlConnection conn;
MySql.Data.MySqlClient.MySqlCommand cmd;

conn = new MySql.Data.MySqlClient.MySqlConnection();
cmd = new MySql.Data.MySqlClient.MySqlCommand();

conn.ConnectionString = strConnection;

try
{
    conn.Open();
    cmd.Connection = conn;

    cmd.CommandText = "INSERT INTO myTable VALUES(NULL, @number, @text)";
    cmd.Prepare();

    cmd.Parameters.Add("@number", 1);
    cmd.Parameters.Add("@text", "One");

    for (int i=1; i <= 1000; i++)
    {
        cmd.Parameters["@number"].Value = i;
        cmd.Parameters["@text"].Value = "A string value";

        cmd.ExecuteNonQuery();
    }
}
catch (MySql.Data.MySqlClient.MySqlException ex)
{
    MessageBox.Show("Error " + ex.Number + " has occurred: " + ex.Message,
        "Error", MessageBoxButtons.OK, MessageBoxIcon.Error);
}

20.2.5.6. Accessing Stored Procedures with Connector/NET

Introduction

With the release of MySQL version 5 the MySQL server now supports stored procedures with the SQL 2003 stored procedure syntax.

A stored procedure is a set of SQL statements that can be stored in the server. Once this has been done, clients do not need to keep reissuing the individual statements but can refer to the stored procedure instead.

Stored procedures can be particularly useful in situations such as the following:

  • When multiple client applications are written in different languages or work on different platforms, but need to perform the same database operations.

  • When security is paramount. Banks, for example, use stored procedures for all common operations. This provides a consistent and secure environment, and procedures can ensure that each operation is properly logged. In such a setup, applications and users would not get any access to the database tables directly, but can only execute specific stored procedures.

Connector/NET supports the calling of stored procedures through the MySqlCommand object. Data can be passed in and our of a MySQL stored procedure through use of the MySqlCommand.Parameters collection.

Note

When you call a stored procedure, the command object makes an additional SELECT call to determine the parameters of the stored procedure. You must ensure that the user calling the procedure has the SELECT privilege on the mysql.proc table to enable them to verify the parameters. Failure to do this will result in an error when calling the procedure.

This section will not provide in-depth information on creating Stored Procedures. For such information, please refer to http://dev.mysql.com/doc/mysql/en/stored-routines.html.

A sample application demonstrating how to use stored procedures with Connector/NET can be found in the Samples directory of your Connector/NET installation.

20.2.5.6.1. Creating Stored Procedures from Connector/NET

Stored procedures in MySQL can be created using a variety of tools. First, stored procedures can be created using the mysql command-line client. Second, stored procedures can be created using the MySQL Query Browser GUI client. Finally, stored procedures can be created using the .ExecuteNonQuery method of the MySqlCommand object:

Visual Basic Example

Dim conn As New MySqlConnection
Dim cmd As New MySqlCommand

conn.ConnectionString = "server=127.0.0.1;" _
    & "uid=root;" _
    & "pwd=12345;" _
    & "database=test"

Try
    conn.Open()
    cmd.Connection = conn

    cmd.CommandText = "CREATE PROCEDURE add_emp(" _
        & "IN fname VARCHAR(20), IN lname VARCHAR(20), IN bday DATETIME, OUT empno INT) " _
        & "BEGIN INSERT INTO emp(first_name, last_name, birthdate) " _
        & "VALUES(fname, lname, DATE(bday)); SET empno = LAST_INSERT_ID(); END"

    cmd.ExecuteNonQuery()
Catch ex As MySqlException
    MessageBox.Show("Error " & ex.Number & " has occurred: " & ex.Message, "Error", MessageBoxButtons.OK, MessageBoxIcon.Error)
End Try

C# Example

MySql.Data.MySqlClient.MySqlConnection conn;
MySql.Data.MySqlClient.MySqlCommand cmd;

conn = new MySql.Data.MySqlClient.MySqlConnection();
cmd = new MySql.Data.MySqlClient.MySqlCommand();

conn.ConnectionString = "server=127.0.0.1;uid=root;" +
    "pwd=12345;database=test;";

try
{
    conn.Open();
    cmd.Connection = conn;

    cmd.CommandText = "CREATE PROCEDURE add_emp(" +
        "IN fname VARCHAR(20), IN lname VARCHAR(20), IN bday DATETIME, OUT empno INT) " +
        "BEGIN INSERT INTO emp(first_name, last_name, birthdate) " +
        "VALUES(fname, lname, DATE(bday)); SET empno = LAST_INSERT_ID(); END";

    cmd.ExecuteNonQuery();
}
catch (MySql.Data.MySqlClient.MySqlException ex)
{
MessageBox.Show("Error " + ex.Number + " has occurred: " + ex.Message,
    "Error", MessageBoxButtons.OK, MessageBoxIcon.Error);
}

It should be noted that, unlike the command-line and GUI clients, you are not required to specify a special delimiter when creating stored procedures in Connector/NET.

20.2.5.6.2. Calling a Stored Procedure from Connector/NET

To call a stored procedure using Connector/NET, create a MySqlCommand object and pass the stored procedure name as the .CommandText property. Set the .CommandType property to CommandType.StoredProcedure.

After the stored procedure is named, create one MySqlCommand parameter for every parameter in the stored procedure. IN parameters are defined with the parameter name and the object containing the value, OUT parameters are defined with the parameter name and the datatype that is expected to be returned. All parameters need the parameter direction defined.

After defining parameters, call the stored procedure by using the MySqlCommand.ExecuteNonQuery() method:

Visual Basic Example

Dim conn As New MySqlConnection
Dim cmd As New MySqlCommand

conn.ConnectionString = "server=127.0.0.1;" _
    & "uid=root;" _
    & "pwd=12345;" _
    & "database=test"

Try
    conn.Open()
    cmd.Connection = conn

    cmd.CommandText = "add_emp"
    cmd.CommandType = CommandType.StoredProcedure

    cmd.Parameters.Add("@lname", 'Jones')
    cmd.Parameters["@lname"].Direction = ParameterDirection.Input

    cmd.Parameters.Add("@fname", 'Tom')
    cmd.Parameters["@fname"].Direction = ParameterDirection.Input

    cmd.Parameters.Add("@bday", #12/13/1977 2:17:36 PM#)
    cmd.Parameters["@bday"].Direction = ParameterDirection.Input

    cmd.Parameters.Add("@empno", MySqlDbType.Int32)
    cmd.Parameters["@empno"].Direction = ParameterDirection.Output

    cmd.ExecuteNonQuery()

    MessageBox.Show(cmd.Parameters["@empno"].Value)
Catch ex As MySqlException
    MessageBox.Show("Error " & ex.Number & " has occurred: " & ex.Message, "Error", MessageBoxButtons.OK, MessageBoxIcon.Error)
End Try

C# Example

MySql.Data.MySqlClient.MySqlConnection conn;
MySql.Data.MySqlClient.MySqlCommand cmd;

conn = new MySql.Data.MySqlClient.MySqlConnection();
cmd = new MySql.Data.MySqlClient.MySqlCommand();

conn.ConnectionString = "server=127.0.0.1;uid=root;" +
    "pwd=12345;database=test;";

try
{
    conn.Open();
    cmd.Connection = conn;

    cmd.CommandText = "add_emp";
    cmd.CommandType = CommandType.StoredProcedure;

    cmd.Parameters.Add("@lname", "Jones");
    cmd.Parameters["@lname"].Direction = ParameterDirection.Input;

    cmd.Parameters.Add("@fname", "Tom");
    cmd.Parameters["@fname"].Direction = ParameterDirection.Input;

    cmd.Parameters.Add("@bday", DateTime.Parse("12/13/1977 2:17:36 PM"));
    cmd.Parameters["@bday"].Direction = ParameterDirection.Input;

    cmd.Parameters.Add("@empno", MySqlDbType.Int32);
    cmd.Parameters["@empno"].Direction = ParameterDirection.Output;

    cmd.ExecuteNonQuery();

    MessageBox.Show(cmd.Parameters["@empno"].Value);
}
catch (MySql.Data.MySqlClient.MySqlException ex)
{
    MessageBox.Show("Error " + ex.Number + " has occurred: " + ex.Message,
      "Error", MessageBoxButtons.OK, MessageBoxIcon.Error);
}

Once the stored procedure is called, the values of output parameters can be retrieved by using the .Value property of the MySqlConnector.Parameters collection.

20.2.5.7. Handling BLOB Data With Connector/NET

Introduction

One common use for MySQL is the storage of binary data in BLOB columns. MySQL supports four different BLOB datatypes: TINYBLOB, BLOB, MEDIUMBLOB, and LONGBLOB.

Data stored in a BLOB column can be accessed using Connector/NET and manipulated using client-side code. There are no special requirements for using Connector/NET with BLOB data.

Simple code examples will be presented within this section, and a full sample application can be found in the Samples directory of the Connector/NET installation.

20.2.5.7.1. Preparing the MySQL Server

The first step is using MySQL with BLOB data is to configure the server. Let's start by creating a table to be accessed. In my file tables, I usually have four columns: an AUTO_INCREMENT column of appropriate size (UNSIGNED SMALLINT) to serve as a primary key to identify the file, a VARCHAR column that stores the file name, an UNSIGNED MEDIUMINT column that stores the size of the file, and a MEDIUMBLOB column that stores the file itself. For this example, I will use the following table definition:

CREATE TABLE file(
file_id SMALLINT UNSIGNED AUTO_INCREMENT NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
file_name VARCHAR(64) NOT NULL,
file_size MEDIUMINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL,
file MEDIUMBLOB NOT NULL);

After creating a table, you may need to modify the max_allowed_packet system variable. This variable determines how large of a packet (that is, a single row) can be sent to the MySQL server. By default, the server will only accept a maximum size of 1MB from our client application. If you do not intend to exceed 1MB, this should be fine. If you do intend to exceed 1MB in your file transfers, this number has to be increased.

The max_allowed_packet option can be modified using MySQL Administrator's Startup Variables screen. Adjust the Maximum allowed option in the Memory section of the Networking tab to an appropriate setting. After adjusting the value, click the Apply Changes button and restart the server using the Service Control screen of MySQL Administrator. You can also adjust this value directly in the my.cnf file (add a line that reads max_allowed_packet=xxM), or use the SET max_allowed_packet=xxM; syntax from within MySQL.

Try to be conservative when setting max_allowed_packet, as transfers of BLOB data can take some time to complete. Try to set a value that will be adequate for your intended use and increase the value if necessary.

20.2.5.7.2. Writing a File to the Database

To write a file to a database we need to convert the file to a byte array, then use the byte array as a parameter to an INSERT query.

The following code opens a file using a FileStream object, reads it into a byte array, and inserts it into the file table:

Visual Basic Example

Dim conn As New MySqlConnection
Dim cmd As New MySqlCommand

Dim SQL As String

Dim FileSize As UInt32
Dim rawData() As Byte
Dim fs As FileStream

conn.ConnectionString = "server=127.0.0.1;" _
    & "uid=root;" _
    & "pwd=12345;" _
    & "database=test"

Try
    fs = New FileStream("c:\image.png", FileMode.Open, FileAccess.Read)
    FileSize = fs.Length

    rawData = New Byte(FileSize) {}
    fs.Read(rawData, 0, FileSize)
    fs.Close()

    conn.Open()

    SQL = "INSERT INTO file VALUES(NULL, @FileName, @FileSize, @File)"

    cmd.Connection = conn
    cmd.CommandText = SQL
    cmd.Parameters.Add("@FileName", strFileName)
    cmd.Parameters.Add("@FileSize", FileSize)
    cmd.Parameters.Add("@File", rawData)

    cmd.ExecuteNonQuery()

    MessageBox.Show("File Inserted into database successfully!", _
    "Success!", MessageBoxButtons.OK, MessageBoxIcon.Asterisk)

    conn.Close()
Catch ex As Exception
    MessageBox.Show("There was an error: " & ex.Message, "Error", _
        MessageBoxButtons.OK, MessageBoxIcon.Error)
End Try
  

C# Example

MySql.Data.MySqlClient.MySqlConnection conn;
MySql.Data.MySqlClient.MySqlCommand cmd;

conn = new MySql.Data.MySqlClient.MySqlConnection();
cmd = new MySql.Data.MySqlClient.MySqlCommand();

string SQL;
UInt32 FileSize;
byte[] rawData;
FileStream fs;

conn.ConnectionString = "server=127.0.0.1;uid=root;" +
    "pwd=12345;database=test;";

try
{
    fs = new FileStream(@"c:\image.png", FileMode.Open, FileAccess.Read);
    FileSize = fs.Length;

    rawData = new byte[FileSize];
    fs.Read(rawData, 0, FileSize);
    fs.Close();

    conn.Open();

    SQL = "INSERT INTO file VALUES(NULL, @FileName, @FileSize, @File)";

    cmd.Connection = conn;
    cmd.CommandText = SQL;
    cmd.Parameters.Add("@FileName", strFileName);
    cmd.Parameters.Add("@FileSize", FileSize);
    cmd.Parameters.Add("@File", rawData);

    cmd.ExecuteNonQuery();

    MessageBox.Show("File Inserted into database successfully!",
        "Success!", MessageBoxButtons.OK, MessageBoxIcon.Asterisk);

    conn.Close();
}
catch (MySql.Data.MySqlClient.MySqlException ex)
{
    MessageBox.Show("Error " + ex.Number + " has occurred: " + ex.Message,
        "Error", MessageBoxButtons.OK, MessageBoxIcon.Error);
}
 

The Read method of the FileStream object is used to load the file into a byte array which is sized according to the Length property of the FileStream object.

After assigning the byte array as a parameter of the MySqlCommand object, the ExecuteNonQuery method is called and the BLOB is inserted into the file table.

20.2.5.7.3. Reading a BLOB from the Database to a File on Disk

Once a file is loaded into the file table, we can use the MySqlDataReader class to retrieve it.

The following code retrieves a row from the file table, then loads the data into a FileStream object to be written to disk:

Visual Basic Example

Dim conn As New MySqlConnection
Dim cmd As New MySqlCommand
Dim myData As MySqlDataReader
Dim SQL As String
Dim rawData() As Byte
Dim FileSize As UInt32
Dim fs As FileStream

conn.ConnectionString = "server=127.0.0.1;" _
    & "uid=root;" _
    & "pwd=12345;" _
    & "database=test"

SQL = "SELECT file_name, file_size, file FROM file"

Try
    conn.Open()

    cmd.Connection = conn
    cmd.CommandText = SQL

    myData = cmd.ExecuteReader

    If Not myData.HasRows Then Throw New Exception("There are no BLOBs to save")

    myData.Read()

    FileSize = myData.GetUInt32(myData.GetOrdinal("file_size"))
    rawData = New Byte(FileSize) {}

    myData.GetBytes(myData.GetOrdinal("file"), 0, rawData, 0, FileSize)

    fs = New FileStream("C:\newfile.png", FileMode.OpenOrCreate, FileAccess.Write)
    fs.Write(rawData, 0, FileSize)
    fs.Close()

    MessageBox.Show("File successfully written to disk!", "Success!", MessageBoxButtons.OK, MessageBoxIcon.Asterisk)

    myData.Close()
    conn.Close()
Catch ex As Exception
    MessageBox.Show("There was an error: " & ex.Message, "Error", MessageBoxButtons.OK, MessageBoxIcon.Error)
End Try
  

C# Example

MySql.Data.MySqlClient.MySqlConnection conn;
MySql.Data.MySqlClient.MySqlCommand cmd;
MySql.Data.MySqlClient.MySqlDataReader myData;

conn = new MySql.Data.MySqlClient.MySqlConnection();
cmd = new MySql.Data.MySqlClient.MySqlCommand();

string SQL;
UInt32 FileSize;
byte[] rawData;
FileStream fs;

conn.ConnectionString = "server=127.0.0.1;uid=root;" +
    "pwd=12345;database=test;";

SQL = "SELECT file_name, file_size, file FROM file";

try
{
    conn.Open();

    cmd.Connection = conn;
    cmd.CommandText = SQL;

    myData = cmd.ExecuteReader();

    if (! myData.HasRows)
        throw new Exception("There are no BLOBs to save");

    myData.Read();

    FileSize = myData.GetUInt32(myData.GetOrdinal("file_size"));
    rawData = new byte[FileSize];

    myData.GetBytes(myData.GetOrdinal("file"), 0, rawData, 0, FileSize);

    fs = new FileStream(@"C:\newfile.png", FileMode.OpenOrCreate, FileAccess.Write);
    fs.Write(rawData, 0, FileSize);
    fs.Close();

    MessageBox.Show("File successfully written to disk!",
        "Success!", MessageBoxButtons.OK, MessageBoxIcon.Asterisk);

    myData.Close();
    conn.Close();
}
catch (MySql.Data.MySqlClient.MySqlException ex)
{
    MessageBox.Show("Error " + ex.Number + " has occurred: " + ex.Message,
        "Error", MessageBoxButtons.OK, MessageBoxIcon.Error);
}
 

After connecting, the contents of the file table are loaded into a MySqlDataReader object. The GetBytes method of the MySqlDataReader is used to load the BLOB into a byte array, which is then written to disk using a FileStream object.

The GetOrdinal method of the MySqlDataReader can be used to determine the integer index of a named column. Use of the GetOrdinal method prevents errors if the column order of the SELECT query is changed.

20.2.5.8. Using Connector/NET with Crystal Reports

Introduction

Crystal Reports is a common tool used by Windows application developers to perform reporting and document generation. In this section we will show how to use Crystal Reports XI with MySQL and Connector/NET.

20.2.5.8.1. Creating a Data Source

When creating a report in Crystal Reports there are two options for accessing the MySQL data while designing your report.

The first option is to use Connector/ODBC as an ADO data source when designing your report. You will be able to browse your database and choose tables and fields using drag and drop to build your report. The disadvantage of this approach is that additional work must be performed within your application to produce a data set that matches the one expected by your report.

The second option is to create a data set in VB.NET and save it as XML. This XML file can then be used to design a report. This works quite well when displaying the report in your application, but is less versatile at design time because you must choose all relevant columns when creating the data set. If you forget a column you must re-create the data set before the column can be added to the report.

The following code can be used to create a data set from a query and write it to disk:

Visual Basic Example

Dim myData As New DataSet
Dim conn As New MySqlConnection
Dim cmd As New MySqlCommand
Dim myAdapter As New MySqlDataAdapter

conn.ConnectionString = "server=127.0.0.1;" _
    & "uid=root;" _
    & "pwd=12345;" _
    & "database=world"

Try
    conn.Open()
    cmd.CommandText = "SELECT city.name AS cityName, city.population AS CityPopulation, " _
        & "country.name, country.population, country.continent " _
        & "FROM country, city ORDER BY country.continent, country.name"
    cmd.Connection = conn

    myAdapter.SelectCommand = cmd
    myAdapter.Fill(myData)

    myData.WriteXml("C:\dataset.xml", XmlWriteMode.WriteSchema)
Catch ex As Exception
    MessageBox.Show(ex.Message, "Report could not be created", MessageBoxButtons.OK, MessageBoxIcon.Error)
End Try
 

C# Example

DataSet myData = new DataSet();
MySql.Data.MySqlClient.MySqlConnection conn;
MySql.Data.MySqlClient.MySqlCommand cmd;
MySql.Data.MySqlClient.MySqlDataAdapter myAdapter;

conn = new MySql.Data.MySqlClient.MySqlConnection();
cmd = new MySql.Data.MySqlClient.MySqlCommand();
myAdapter = new MySql.Data.MySqlClient.MySqlDataAdapter();

conn.ConnectionString = "server=127.0.0.1;uid=root;" +
  "pwd=12345;database=test;";

try
{
  cmd.CommandText = "SELECT city.name AS cityName, city.population AS CityPopulation, " +
  "country.name, country.population, country.continent " +
  "FROM country, city ORDER BY country.continent, country.name";
  cmd.Connection = conn;

  myAdapter.SelectCommand = cmd;
  myAdapter.Fill(myData);

  myData.WriteXml(@"C:\dataset.xml", XmlWriteMode.WriteSchema);
}
catch (MySql.Data.MySqlClient.MySqlException ex)
{
  MessageBox.Show(ex.Message, "Report could not be created",
  MessageBoxButtons.OK, MessageBoxIcon.Error);
}

The resulting XML file can be used as an ADO.NET XML datasource when designing your report.

If you choose to design your reports using Connector/ODBC, it can be downloaded from dev.mysql.com.

20.2.5.8.2. Creating the Report

For most purposes the Standard Report wizard should help with the initial creation of a report. To start the wizard, open Crystal Reports and choose the New > Standard Report option from the File menu.

The wizard will first prompt you for a data source. If you are using Connector/ODBC as your data source, use the OLEDB provider for ODBC option from the OLE DB (ADO) tree instead of the ODBC (RDO) tree when choosing a data source. If using a saved data set, choose the ADO.NET (XML) option and browse to your saved data set.

The remainder of the report creation process is done automatically by the wizard.

After the report is created, choose the Report Options... entry of the File menu. Un-check the Save Data With Report option. This prevents saved data from interfering with the loading of data within our application.

20.2.5.8.3. Displaying the Report

To display a report we first populate a data set with the data needed for the report, then load the report and bind it to the data set. Finally we pass the report to the crViewer control for display to the user.

The following references are needed in a project that displays a report:

  • CrytalDecisions.CrystalReports.Engine

  • CrystalDecisions.ReportSource

  • CrystalDecisions.Shared

  • CrystalDecisions.Windows.Forms

The following code assumes that you created your report using a data set saved using the code shown in Section 20.2.5.8.1, “Creating a Data Source”, and have a crViewer control on your form named myViewer.

Visual Basic Example

Imports CrystalDecisions.CrystalReports.Engine
Imports System.Data
Imports MySql.Data.MySqlClient

Dim myReport As New ReportDocument
Dim myData As New DataSet
Dim conn As New MySqlConnection
Dim cmd As New MySqlCommand
Dim myAdapter As New MySqlDataAdapter

conn.ConnectionString = _
    "server=127.0.0.1;" _
    & "uid=root;" _
    & "pwd=12345;" _
    & "database=test"

Try
    conn.Open()

    cmd.CommandText = "SELECT city.name AS cityName, city.population AS CityPopulation, " _
        & "country.name, country.population, country.continent " _
        & "FROM country, city ORDER BY country.continent, country.name"
    cmd.Connection = conn

    myAdapter.SelectCommand = cmd
    myAdapter.Fill(myData)

    myReport.Load(".\world_report.rpt")
    myReport.SetDataSource(myData)
    myViewer.ReportSource = myReport
Catch ex As Exception
    MessageBox.Show(ex.Message, "Report could not be created", MessageBoxButtons.OK, MessageBoxIcon.Error)
End Try

C# Example

using CrystalDecisions.CrystalReports.Engine;
using System.Data;
using MySql.Data.MySqlClient;

ReportDocument myReport = new ReportDocument();
DataSet myData = new DataSet();
MySql.Data.MySqlClient.MySqlConnection conn;
MySql.Data.MySqlClient.MySqlCommand cmd;
MySql.Data.MySqlClient.MySqlDataAdapter myAdapter;

conn = new MySql.Data.MySqlClient.MySqlConnection();
cmd = new MySql.Data.MySqlClient.MySqlCommand();
myAdapter = new MySql.Data.MySqlClient.MySqlDataAdapter();

conn.ConnectionString = "server=127.0.0.1;uid=root;" +
    "pwd=12345;database=test;";

try
{
    cmd.CommandText = "SELECT city.name AS cityName, city.population AS CityPopulation, " +
        "country.name, country.population, country.continent " +
        "FROM country, city ORDER BY country.continent, country.name";
    cmd.Connection = conn;

    myAdapter.SelectCommand = cmd;
    myAdapter.Fill(myData);

    myReport.Load(@".\world_report.rpt");
    myReport.SetDataSource(myData);
    myViewer.ReportSource = myReport;
}
catch (MySql.Data.MySqlClient.MySqlException ex)
{
    MessageBox.Show(ex.Message, "Report could not be created",
        MessageBoxButtons.OK, MessageBoxIcon.Error);
}

A new data set it generated using the same query used to generate the previously saved data set. Once the data set is filled, a ReportDocument is used to load the report file and bind it to the data set. The ReportDocument is the passed as the ReportSource of the crViewer.

This same approach is taken when a report is created from a single table using Connector/ODBC. The data set replaces the table used in the report and the report is displayed properly.

When a report is created from multiple tables using Connector/ODBC, a data set with multiple tables must be created in our application. This allows each table in the report data source to be replaced with a report in the data set.

We populate a data set with multiple tables by providing multiple SELECT statements in our MySqlCommand object. These SELECT statements are based on the SQL query shown in Crystal Reports in the Database menu's Show SQL Query option. Assume the following query:

SELECT `country`.`Name`, `country`.`Continent`, `country`.`Population`, `city`.`Name`, `city`.`Population`
FROM `world`.`country` `country` LEFT OUTER JOIN `world`.`city` `city` ON `country`.`Code`=`city`.`CountryCode`
ORDER BY `country`.`Continent`, `country`.`Name`, `city`.`Name`

This query is converted to two SELECT queries and displayed with the following code:

Visual Basic Example

Imports CrystalDecisions.CrystalReports.Engine
Imports System.Data
Imports MySql.Data.MySqlClient

Dim myReport As New ReportDocument
Dim myData As New DataSet
Dim conn As New MySqlConnection
Dim cmd As New MySqlCommand
Dim myAdapter As New MySqlDataAdapter

conn.ConnectionString = "server=127.0.0.1;" _
    & "uid=root;" _
    & "pwd=12345;" _
    & "database=world"

Try
    conn.Open()
    cmd.CommandText = "SELECT name, population, countrycode FROM city ORDER BY countrycode, name; " _
        & "SELECT name, population, code, continent FROM country ORDER BY continent, name"
    cmd.Connection = conn

    myAdapter.SelectCommand = cmd
    myAdapter.Fill(myData)

    myReport.Load(".\world_report.rpt")
    myReport.Database.Tables(0).SetDataSource(myData.Tables(0))
    myReport.Database.Tables(1).SetDataSource(myData.Tables(1))
    myViewer.ReportSource = myReport
Catch ex As Exception
    MessageBox.Show(ex.Message, "Report could not be created", MessageBoxButtons.OK, MessageBoxIcon.Error)
End Try

C# Example

using CrystalDecisions.CrystalReports.Engine;
using System.Data;
using MySql.Data.MySqlClient;

ReportDocument myReport = new ReportDocument();
DataSet myData = new DataSet();
MySql.Data.MySqlClient.MySqlConnection conn;
MySql.Data.MySqlClient.MySqlCommand cmd;
MySql.Data.MySqlClient.MySqlDataAdapter myAdapter;

conn = new MySql.Data.MySqlClient.MySqlConnection();
cmd = new MySql.Data.MySqlClient.MySqlCommand();
myAdapter = new MySql.Data.MySqlClient.MySqlDataAdapter();

conn.ConnectionString = "server=127.0.0.1;uid=root;" +
    "pwd=12345;database=test;";

try
{
    cmd.CommandText = "SELECT name, population, countrycode FROM city ORDER " +
        "BY countrycode, name; SELECT name, population, code, continent FROM " +
        "country ORDER BY continent, name";
    cmd.Connection = conn;

    myAdapter.SelectCommand = cmd;
    myAdapter.Fill(myData);

    myReport.Load(@".\world_report.rpt");
    myReport.Database.Tables(0).SetDataSource(myData.Tables(0));
    myReport.Database.Tables(1).SetDataSource(myData.Tables(1));
    myViewer.ReportSource = myReport;
}
catch (MySql.Data.MySqlClient.MySqlException ex)
{
    MessageBox.Show(ex.Message, "Report could not be created",
        MessageBoxButtons.OK, MessageBoxIcon.Error);
}
 

It is important to order the SELECT queries in alphabetical order, as this is the order the report will expect its source tables to be in. One SetDataSource statement is needed for each table in the report.

This approach can cause performance problems because Crystal Reports must bind the tables together on the client-side, which will be slower than using a pre-saved data set.

20.2.5.9. Handling Date and Time Information in Connector/NET

Introduction

MySQL and the .NET languages handle date and time information differently, with MySQL allowing dates that cannot be represented by a .NET data type, such as '0000-00-00 00:00:00'. These differences can cause problems if not properly handled.

In this section we will demonstrate how to properly handle date and time information when using Connector/NET.

20.2.5.9.1. Problems when Using Invalid Dates

The differences in date handling can cause problems for developers who use invalid dates. Invalid MySQL dates cannot be loaded into native .NET DateTime objects, including NULL dates.

Because of this issue, .NET DataSet objects cannot be populated by the Fill method of the MySqlDataAdapter class as invalid dates will cause a System.ArgumentOutOfRangeException exception to occur.

20.2.5.9.2. Restricting Invalid Dates

The best solution to the date problem is to restrict users from entering invalid dates. This can be done on either the client or the server side.

Restricting invalid dates on the client side is as simple as always using the .NET DateTime class to handle dates. The DateTime class will only allow valid dates, ensuring that the values in your database are also valid. The disadvantage of this is that it is not useful in a mixed environment where .NET and non .NET code are used to manipulate the database, as each application must perform its own date validation.

Users of MySQL 5.0.2 and higher can use the new traditional SQL mode to restrict invalid date values. For information on using the traditional SQL mode, see Section 5.1.7, “Server SQL Modes”.

20.2.5.9.3. Handling Invalid Dates

Although it is strongly recommended that you avoid the use of invalid dates within your .NET application, it is possible to use invalid dates by means of the MySqlDateTime datatype.

The MySqlDateTime datatype supports the same date values that are supported by the MySQL server. The default behavior of Connector/NET is to return a .NET DateTime object for valid date values, and return an error for invalid dates. This default can be modified to cause Connector/NET to return MySqlDateTime objects for invalid dates.

To instruct Connector/NET to return a MySqlDateTime object for invalid dates, add the following line to your connection string:

Allow Zero Datetime=True

Please note that the use of the MySqlDateTime class can still be problematic. The following are some known issues:

  1. Data binding for invalid dates can still cause errors (zero dates like 0000-00-00 do not seem to have this problem).

  2. The ToString method return a date formatted in the standard MySQL format (for example, 2005-02-23 08:50:25). This differs from the ToString behavior of the .NET DateTime class.

  3. The MySqlDateTime class supports NULL dates, while the .NET DateTime class does not. This can cause errors when trying to convert a MySQLDateTime to a DateTime if you do not check for NULL first.

Because of the known issues, the best recommendation is still to use only valid dates in your application.

20.2.5.9.4. Handling NULL Dates

The .NET DateTime datatype cannot handle NULL values. As such, when assigning values from a query to a DateTime variable, you must first check whether the value is in fact NULL.

When using a MySqlDataReader, use the .IsDBNull method to check whether a value is NULL before making the assignment:

Visual Basic Example

If Not myReader.IsDBNull(myReader.GetOrdinal("mytime")) Then
    myTime = myReader.GetDateTime(myReader.GetOrdinal("mytime"))
Else
    myTime = DateTime.MinValue
End If
  

C# Example

if (! myReader.IsDBNull(myReader.GetOrdinal("mytime")))
    myTime = myReader.GetDateTime(myReader.GetOrdinal("mytime"));
else
    myTime = DateTime.MinValue;
  

NULL values will work in a data set and can be bound to form controls without special handling.

20.2.5.10. ASP.NET Provider Model

MySQL Connector/NET provides support for the ASP.NET 2.0 provider model. This model allows application developers to focus on the business logic of their application instead of having to recreate such boilerplate items as membership and roles support.

MySQL Connector/NET supplies the following providers:

  • Membership Provider

  • Role Provider

  • Profile Provider

  • Session State Provider (MySQL Connector/NET 6.1 and later)

The following tables show the supported providers, their default provider and the corresponding MySQL provider.

Membership Provider

Default ProviderMySQL Provider
System.Web.Security.SqlMembershipProviderMySql.Web.Security.MySQLMembershipProvider

Role Provider

Default ProviderMySQL Provider
System.Web.Security.SqlRoleProviderMySql.Web.Security.MySQLRoleProvider

Profile Provider

Default ProviderMySQL Provider
System.Web.Profile.SqlProfileProviderMySql.Web.Profile.MySQLProfileProvider

SessionState Provider

Default ProviderMySQL Provider
System.Web.SessionState.InProcSessionStateStoreMySql.Web.SessionState.MySqlSessionStateStore

Note

The MySQL Session State provider uses slightly different capitalization on the class name compared to the other MySQL providers.

Installing The Providers

The installation of Connector/Net 5.1 or later will install the providers and register them in your machine's .NET configuration file, machine.config. The additional entries created will result in the system.web section appearing similar to the following code:

<system.web>
  <processModel autoConfig="true" />
  <httpHandlers />
  <membership>
    <providers>
      <add name="AspNetSqlMembershipProvider" type="System.Web.Security.SqlMembershipProvider, System.Web, Version=2.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b03f5f7f11d50a3a" connectionStringName="LocalSqlServer" enablePasswordRetrieval="false" enablePasswordReset="true" requiresQuestionAndAnswer="true" applicationName="/" requiresUniqueEmail="false" passwordFormat="Hashed" maxInvalidPasswordAttempts="5" minRequiredPasswordLength="7" minRequiredNonalphanumericCharacters="1" passwordAttemptWindow="10" passwordStrengthRegularExpression="" />
      <add name="MySQLMembershipProvider" type="MySql.Web.Security.MySQLMembershipProvider, MySql.Web, Version=6.1.1.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=c5687fc88969c44d" connectionStringName="LocalMySqlServer" enablePasswordRetrieval="false" enablePasswordReset="true" requiresQuestionAndAnswer="true" applicationName="/" requiresUniqueEmail="false" passwordFormat="Clear" maxInvalidPasswordAttempts="5" minRequiredPasswordLength="7" minRequiredNonalphanumericCharacters="1" passwordAttemptWindow="10" passwordStrengthRegularExpression="" />
    </providers>
  </membership>
  <profile>
    <providers>
      <add name="AspNetSqlProfileProvider" connectionStringName="LocalSqlServer" applicationName="/" type="System.Web.Profile.SqlProfileProvider, System.Web, Version=2.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b03f5f7f11d50a3a" />
      <add name="MySQLProfileProvider" type="MySql.Web.Profile.MySQLProfileProvider, MySql.Web, Version=6.1.1.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=c5687fc88969c44d" connectionStringName="LocalMySqlServer" applicationName="/" />
    </providers>
  </profile>
  <roleManager>
    <providers>
      <add name="AspNetSqlRoleProvider" connectionStringName="LocalSqlServer" applicationName="/" type="System.Web.Security.SqlRoleProvider, System.Web, Version=2.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b03f5f7f11d50a3a" />
      <add name="AspNetWindowsTokenRoleProvider" applicationName="/" type="System.Web.Security.WindowsTokenRoleProvider, System.Web, Version=2.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b03f5f7f11d50a3a" />
      <add name="MySQLRoleProvider" type="MySql.Web.Security.MySQLRoleProvider, MySql.Web, Version=6.1.1.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=c5687fc88969c44d" connectionStringName="LocalMySqlServer" applicationName="/" />
    </providers>
  </roleManager>
</system.web>

Each provider type can have multiple provider implementations. The default provider can also be set here using the defaultProvider attribute, but usually this is set in the web.config file either manually or by using the ASP.NET configuration tool.

At time of writing the MySqlSessionStateStore is not added to machine.config at install time, and so you would need to add the following:

<sessionState>
  <providers>
    <add name="MySqlSessionStateStore" type="MySql.Web.SessionState.MySqlSessionStateStore, MySql.Web, Version=6.1.1.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=c5687fc88969c44d" connectionStringName="LocalMySqlServer" applicationName="/" />
  </providers>
</sessionState>

It should be pointed out that the SessionState Provider uses the customProvider attribute, rather than defaultProvider, in order to set the provider as the default. A typical web.config file might contain:

   <system.web>
        <membership defaultProvider="MySQLMembershipProvider" />
        <roleManager defaultProvider="MySQLRoleProvider" />
        <profile defaultProvider="MySQLProfileProvider" />
        <sessionState customProvider="MySqlSessionStateStore" />
        <compilation debug="false">
          ...

This sets the MySQL Providers as the defaults to be used in this web application.

The providers are implemented in the file mysql.web.dll and this file can be found in your MySQL Connector/NET installation folder. There is no need to run any type of SQL script to set up the database schema as the providers create and maintain the proper schema automatically.

Using The Providers

The easiest way to start using the providers is to use the ASP.NET configuration tool that is available on the Solution Explorer toolbar when you have a website project loaded.

In the web pages that open you will be able to select the MySQL membership and roles providers by indicating that you want to pick a custom provider for each area.

When the provider is installed, it creates a dummy connection string named LocalMySqlServer. This has to be done so that the provider will work in the ASP.NET configuration tool. However, you will want to override this connection string in your web.config file. You do this by first removing the dummy connection string and then adding in the proper one, as shown in the following example:

<connectionStrings>
  <remove name="LocalMySqlServer"/>
  <add name="LocalMySqlServer" connectionString="server=xxx;uid=xxx;pwd=xxx"/>
</connectionStrings>

Rather than manually editing configuration files it is recommended that you use the MySQL Website Configuration tool to config your desired provider setup. From MySQL Connector/NET 6.1.1 onwards all providers can be selected and configured from this wizard. The tool will modify your website.config file to the desired configuration. A tutorial on doing this is available in the following section Section 20.2.3.10, “MySQL Website Configuration Tool”.

A tutorial demonstrating how to use the Membership and Role Providers can be found in the following section Section 20.2.4.2, “Tutorial: MySQL Connector/NET ASP.NET Membership and Role Provider”.

Deployment

To use the providers on a production server you will need to distribute the MySql.Data and the MySql.Web assemblies and either register them in the remote systems Global Assembly Cache or keep them in your application's bin/ directory.

20.2.5.11. Binary/Nonbinary Issues

There are certain situations where MySQL will return incorrect metadata about one or more columns. More specifically, the server will sometimes report that a column is binary when it is not and vice versa. In these situations, it becomes practically impossible for the connector to be able to correctly identify the correct metadat.

Some examples of situations that may return incorrect metadata are:

  • Execution of SHOW PROCESSLIST. Some of the columns will be returned as binary even though they only hold string data.

  • When a temp table is used to process a resultset, some columns may be returned with incorrect binary flags.

  • Some server functions such DATE_FORMAT will incorrectly return the column as binary.

With the availability of BINARY and VARBINARY data types it is important that we respect the metadata returned by the sever. However, we are aware that some existing applications may break with this change so we are creating a connection string option to enable or disable it. By default, Connector/Net 5.1 will respect the binary flags returned by the server. This will mean that you may need to make small changes to your application to accomodate this change.

In the event that the changes required to your application would be too large, you can add 'respect binary flags=false' to your connection string. This will cause the connector to use the prior behavior. In a nutshell, that behavior was that any column that is marked as string, regardless of binary flags, will be returned as string. Only columns that are specifically marked as a BLOB will be returned as BLOB.

20.2.5.12. Character Sets

Treating Binary Blobs As UTF8

MySQL doesn't currently support 4 byte UTF8 sequences. This makes it difficult to represent some multi-byte languages such as Japanese. To try and alleviate this, Connector/Net now supports a mode where binary blobs can be treated as strings.

To do this, you set the 'Treat Blobs As UTF8' connection string keyword to yes. This is all that needs to be done to enable conversion of all binary blobs to UTF8 strings. If you wish to convert only some of your blob columns, then you can make use of the 'BlobAsUTF8IncludePattern' and 'BlobAsUTF8ExcludePattern' keywords. These should be set to the regular expression pattern that matches the column names you wish to include or exlude respectively.

One thing to note is that the regular expression patterns can both match a single column. When this happens, the include pattern is applied before the exclude pattern. The result, in this case, would be that the column would be excluded. You should also be aware that this mode does not apply to columns of type BINARY or VARBINARY and also do not apply to nonbinary BLOB columns.

Currently this mode only applies to reading strings out of MySQL. To insert 4-byte UTF8 strings into blob columns you will need to use the .NET Encoding.GetBytes function to convert your string to a series of bytes. You can then set this byte array as a parameter for a BLOB column.

20.2.5.13. Working with medium trust

.NET applications operate under a given trust level. Normal desktop applications operate under full trust while web applications that are hosted in shared environments are normally run under the medium trust level. Some hosting providers host shared applications in their own app pools and allow the application to run under full trust, but this seems to be the exception rather than the rule.

Connector/Net versions prior to 5.0.8 and 5.1.3 were not compatible with medium trust hosting. Starting with these versions, Connector/Net can be used under medium trust hosting that has been modified to allow the use of sockets for communication. By default, medium trust does not include SocketPermission. Connector/Net uses sockets to talk with the MySQL server so it is required that a new trust level be created that is an exact clone of medium trust but that has SocketPermission added.

20.2.5.14. Using the MySQL Connector/NET Trace Source Object

MySQL Connector/NET 6.2 introduced support for .NET 2.0 compatible tracing, using TraceSource objects.

The .NET 2.0 tracing architecture consists of four main parts:

  • Source - This is the originator of the trace information. The source is used to send trace messages. The name of the source provided by MySQL Connector/NET is mysql.

  • Switch - This defines the level of trace information to emit. Typically, this is specified in the app.config file, so that it is not necessary to recompile an application in order to change the trace level.

  • Listener - Trace listeners define where the trace information will be written to. Supported listeners include, for example, the Visual Studio Output window, the Windows Event Log, and the console.

  • Filter - Filters can be attached to listeners. Filters determine the level of trace information that will be written. While a switch defines the level of information that will be written to all listeners, a filter can be applied on a per-listener basis, giving finer grained control of trace information.

To use tracing a TraceSource object first needs to be created. To create a TraceSource object in MySQL Connector/NET you would use code similar to the following:

TraceSource ts = new TraceSource("mysql");

To enable trace messages you also need to configure a trace switch. There are three main switch classes, BooleanSwitch, SourceSwitch, and TraceSwitch. Trace switches also have associated with them a trace level enumeration, these are Off, Error, Warning, Info, and Verbose. The following code snippet illustrates creating a switch:

ts.Switch = new SourceSwitch("MySwitch", "Verbose");

This creates a SourceSwitch, called MySwitch, and sets the trace level to Verbose, meaning that all trace messages will be written.

It is convenient to be able to change the trace level without having to recompile the code. This is achieved by specifying the trace level in application configuration file, app.config. You then simply need to specify the desired trace level in the configuration file and restart the application. The trace source is configured within the system.diagnostics section of the file. The following XML snippet illustrates this:

<configuration>
  ...
  <system.diagnostics>
    <sources>
      <source name="mysql" switchName="MySwitch"
              switchType="System.Diagnostics.SourceSwitch" />
      ...
    </sources>
    <switches>
      <add name="MySwitch" value="Verbose"/>
      ...
    </switches>
  </system.diagnostics>
  ...
</configuration>

By default trace information is written to the Output window of Microsoft Visual Studio. However, there are a wide range of listeners than can be attached to the trace source, so that trace messages can be written out to various destinations. It is also possible to create custom listeners to allow trace messages to be written to other destinations as mobile devices and web services. A commonly used example of a listener is ConsoleTraceListener, which writes trace messages to the console.

To add a listener at run time you can use code such as the following:

ts.Listeners.Add(new ConsoleTraceListener());

You can then call methods on trace source object to generate trace information. For example, the TraceInformation(), TraceEvent(), or TraceData() methods can be used.

The TraceInformation() method simply prints a string passed as a parameter. The TraceEvent() method, as well as the optional informational string, requires a TraceEventType value to be passed to indicate the trace message type, and also an application specific ID. The TraceEventType can have a value of Verbose, Information, Warning, Error, and Critical. Using the TraceData() method you can pass any object, for example an exception object, instead of a message.

To ensure than these generated trace messages gets flushed from the trace source buffers to listeners, you need to invoke the Flush() method. When you are finished using a trace source, you should call the Close() method. The Close() method first calls Flush(), to ensure any remaining data is written out. It then frees up resources, and closes the listeners associated with the trace source.

ts.TraceInformation("Informational message");
ts.TraceEvent(TraceEventType.Error, 3, "Optional error message");
ts.TraceData(TraceEventType.Error, 3, ex); // pass exception object
ts.Flush();
...
ts.Close();
20.2.5.14.1. Viewing MySQL Trace Information

This section describes how to set up your application to view MySQL trace information.

The first thing you need to do is create a suitable app.config file for your application. An example is shown in the following code:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<configuration>
  <system.diagnostics>
    <sources>
      <source name="mysql" switchName="SourceSwitch"
        switchType="System.Diagnostics.SourceSwitch" >
        <listeners>
          <add name="console" />
          <remove name ="Default" />
        </listeners>
      </source>
    </sources>
    <switches>
      <!-- You can set the level at which tracing is to occur -->
      <add name="SourceSwitch" value="Verbose" />
      <!-- You can turn tracing off -->
      <!--add name="SourceSwitch" value="Off" -->
    </switches>
    <sharedListeners>
      <add name="console"
        type="System.Diagnostics.ConsoleTraceListener"
        initializeData="false"/>
    </sharedListeners>
  </system.diagnostics>
</configuration>

This ensures a suitable trace source is created, along with a switch. The switch level in this case is set to Verbose to display the maximum amount of information.

In the application the only additional step required is to add logging=true to the connection string. An example application could be:

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Diagnostics;
using MySql.Data;
using MySql.Data.MySqlClient;
using MySql.Web;


namespace ConsoleApplication1
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {

            string connStr = "server=localhost;user=root;database=world;port=3306;password=******;logging=true;";
            MySqlConnection conn = new MySqlConnection(connStr);
            try
            {
                Console.WriteLine("Connecting to MySQL...");
                conn.Open();

                string sql = "SELECT Name, HeadOfState FROM Country WHERE Continent='Oceania'";
                MySqlCommand cmd = new MySqlCommand(sql, conn);
                MySqlDataReader rdr = cmd.ExecuteReader();

                while (rdr.Read())
                {
                    Console.WriteLine(rdr[0] + " -- " + rdr[1]);
                }

                rdr.Close();

                conn.Close();
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                Console.WriteLine(ex.ToString());
            }
            Console.WriteLine("Done.");
        }
    }
}

Ths simple application will then generate the following output:

Connecting to MySQL...
mysql Information: 1 : 1: Connection Opened: connection string = 'server=localhost;User Id=root;database=world;port=3306
;password=******;logging=True'
mysql Information: 3 : 1: Query Opened: SHOW VARIABLES
mysql Information: 4 : 1: Resultset Opened: field(s) = 2, affected rows = -1, inserted id = -1
mysql Information: 5 : 1: Resultset Closed. Total rows=272, skipped rows=0, size (bytes)=7058
mysql Information: 6 : 1: Query Closed
mysql Information: 3 : 1: Query Opened: SHOW COLLATION
mysql Information: 4 : 1: Resultset Opened: field(s) = 6, affected rows = -1, inserted id = -1
mysql Information: 5 : 1: Resultset Closed. Total rows=127, skipped rows=0, size (bytes)=4102
mysql Information: 6 : 1: Query Closed
mysql Information: 3 : 1: Query Opened: SET character_set_results=NULL
mysql Information: 4 : 1: Resultset Opened: field(s) = 0, affected rows = 0, inserted id = 0
mysql Information: 5 : 1: Resultset Closed. Total rows=0, skipped rows=0, size (bytes)=0
mysql Information: 6 : 1: Query Closed
mysql Information: 10 : 1: Set Database: world
mysql Information: 3 : 1: Query Opened: SELECT Name, HeadOfState FROM Country WHERE Continent='Oceania'
mysql Information: 4 : 1: Resultset Opened: field(s) = 2, affected rows = -1, inserted id = -1
American Samoa -- George W. Bush
Australia -- Elisabeth II
...
Wallis and Futuna -- Jacques Chirac
Vanuatu -- John Bani
United States Minor Outlying Islands -- George W. Bush
mysql Information: 5 : 1: Resultset Closed. Total rows=28, skipped rows=0, size (bytes)=788
mysql Information: 6 : 1: Query Closed
Done.
mysql Information: 2 : 1: Connection Closed

The first number displayed in the trace message corresponds to the MySQL event type:

EventDescription
1ConnectionOpened: connection string
2ConnectionClosed:
3QueryOpened: mysql server thread id, query text
4ResultOpened: field count, affected rows (-1 if select), inserted id (-1 if select)
5ResultClosed: total rows read, rows skipped, size of resultset in bytes
6QueryClosed:
7StatementPrepared: prepared sql, statement id
8StatementExecuted: statement id, mysql server thread id
9StatementClosed: statement id
10NonQuery: [varies]
11UsageAdvisorWarning: usage advisor flag. NoIndex = 1, BadIndex = 2, SkippedRows = 3, SkippedColumns = 4, FieldConversion = 5.
12Warning: level, code, message
13Error: error number, error message

The second number displayed in the trace message is the connection count.

Although this example uses the ConsoleTraceListener, any of the other standard listeners could have been used. Another possibility is to create a custom listener that uses the information passed via the TraceEvent method. For example, a custom trace listener could be created to perform active monitoring of the MySQL event messages, rather than simply writing these to an output device.

It is also possble to add listeners to the MySQL Trace Source at run time. This can be done with the following code:

MySqlTrace.Listeners.Add(new ConsoleTraceListener());
20.2.5.14.2. Building Custom Listeners

In order to build custom listeners that work with the MySQL Connector/NET Trace Source, it is necessary to understand the key methods used, and the event data formats used.

The main method involved in passing trace messages is the TraceSource.TraceEvent method. This has the prototype:

public void TraceEvent(
    TraceEventType eventType,
    int id,
    string format,
    params Object[] args
)

This trace source method will process the list of attached listeners and call the listener's TraceListener.TraceEvent method. The prototype for the TraceListener.TraceEvent method is as follows:

public virtual void TraceEvent(
    TraceEventCache eventCache,
    string source,
    TraceEventType eventType,
    int id,
    string format,
    params Object[] args
)

The first three parameters are used in the standard as defined by Microsoft. The last three parameters contain MySQL-specifc trace information. Each of these parameters is now discussed in more detail.

int id

This is a MySQL-specific identifier. It identifies the MySQL event type that has occurred, resulting in a trace message being generated. This value is defined by the MySqlTraceEventType public enum contained in the MySQL Connector/NET code:

public enum MySqlTraceEventType : int
{
    ConnectionOpened = 1,
    ConnectionClosed,
    QueryOpened,
    ResultOpened,
    ResultClosed,
    QueryClosed,
    StatementPrepared,
    StatementExecuted,
    StatementClosed,
    NonQuery,
    UsageAdvisorWarning,
    Warning,
    Error
}

The MySQL event type also determines the contents passed via the parameter params Object[] args. The nature of the args parameters are described in further detail in the following material.

string format

This is the format string that contains zero or more format items, which correspond to objects in the args array. This would be used by a listener such as ConsoleTraceListener to write a message to the output device.

params Object[] args

This is a list of objects that depends on the MySQL event type, id. However, the first parameter passed via this list is always the driver id. The driver id is a unique number that is incremented each time the connector is opened. This allows groups of queries on the same connection to be identified. The parameters that follow driver id depend of the MySQL event id, and are as follows:

MySQL-specific event typeArguments (params Object[] args)
ConnectionOpenedConnection string
ConnectionClosedNo additional parameters
QueryOpenedmysql server thread id, query text
ResultOpenedfield count, affected rows (-1 if select), inserted id (-1 if select)
ResultClosedtotal rows read, rows skipped, size of resultset in bytes
QueryClosedNo additional parameters
StatementPreparedprepared sql, statement id
StatementExecutedstatement id, mysql server thread id
StatementClosedstatement id
NonQueryVaries
UsageAdvisorWarningusage advisor flag. NoIndex = 1, BadIndex = 2, SkippedRows = 3, SkippedColumns = 4, FieldConversion = 5.
Warninglevel, code, message
Errorerror number, error message

This information will allow you to create custom trace listeners that can actively monitor the MySQL-specific events.

20.2.5.15. Using the Bulk Loader

MySQL Connector/NET features a bulk loader class that wraps the MySQL statement LOAD DATA INFILE. This gives MySQL Connector/NET the ability to load a data file from a local or remote host to the server. The class concerned is MySqlBulkLoader. This class has various methods, the main one being load to cause the specified file to be loaded to the server. Various parameters can be set to control how the data file is processed. This is achieved through setting various properties of the class. For example, the field separator used, such as comma or tab, can be specified, along with the record terminator, such as newline.

The following code shows a simple example of using the MySqlBulkLoader class. First an empty table needs to be created, in this case in the test database:

CREATE TABLE Career (
       Name VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL,
       Age INTEGER,
       Profession VARCHAR(200)
);

A simple tab-delimited data file is also created (it could use any other field delimiter such as comma):

Table Career in Test Database
Name	Age	Profession

Tony	47	Technical Writer
Ana	43	Nurse
Fred	21	IT Specialist
Simon	45	Hairy Biker

Note that with this test file the first three lines will need to be ignored, as they do not contain table data. This can be achieved using the NumberOfLinesToSkip property. This file can then be loaded and used to populate the Career table in the test database:

using System;
using System.Text;
using MySql.Data;
using MySql.Data.MySqlClient;

namespace ConsoleApplication1
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {

            string connStr = "server=localhost;user=root;database=test;port=3306;password=******;";
            MySqlConnection conn = new MySqlConnection(connStr);

            MySqlBulkLoader bl = new MySqlBulkLoader(conn);
            bl.TableName = "Career";
            bl.FieldTerminator = "\t";
            bl.LineTerminator = "\n";
            bl.FileName = "c:/career_data.txt";
            bl.NumberOfLinesToSkip = 3;

            try
            {
                Console.WriteLine("Connecting to MySQL...");
                conn.Open();

                // Upload data from file
                int count = bl.Load();
                Console.WriteLine(count + " lines uploaded.");

                string sql = "SELECT Name, Age, Profession FROM Career";
                MySqlCommand cmd = new MySqlCommand(sql, conn);
                MySqlDataReader rdr = cmd.ExecuteReader();

                while (rdr.Read())
                {
                    Console.WriteLine(rdr[0] + " -- " + rdr[1] + " -- " + rdr[2]);
                }

                rdr.Close();

                conn.Close();
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                Console.WriteLine(ex.ToString());
            }
            Console.WriteLine("Done.");
        }
    }
}

Further information on LOAD DATA INFILE can be found in Section 12.2.6, “LOAD DATA INFILE Syntax”. Further information on MySqlBulkLoader can be found in the reference documentation that was included with your connector.

20.2.6. Connector/NET Connection String Options Reference

NameDefaultDescription
Allow BatchtrueWhen true, multiple SQL statements can be sent with one command execution. -Note- Starting with MySQL 4.1.1, batch statements should be separated by the server-defined separator character. Commands sent to earlier versions of MySQL should be separated with ';'.
Allow User VariablesfalseSetting this to true indicates that the provider expects user variables in the SQL. This option was added in Connector/NET version 5.2.2.
Allow Zero DatetimefalseTrue to have MySqlDataReader.GetValue() return a MySqlDateTime for date or datetime columns that have illegal values. False will cause a System.DateTime object to be returned for legal values and an exception will be thrown for illegal values.
AutoEnlisttrue 
BlobAsUTF8ExcludePatternnull 
BlobAsUTF8IncludePatternnull 
CertificateFilenullThis option specifies the path to a certificate file in PFX format. For an example of usage see Section 20.2.4.7, “Tutorial: Using SSL with MySQL Connector/NET”. Was introduced with 6.2.1.
CertificatePasswordnullThis option allows you to specify a password which is used in conjunction with a certificate specified using the option CertificateFile. For an example of usage see Section 20.2.4.7, “Tutorial: Using SSL with MySQL Connector/NET”. Was introduced with 6.2.1.
Certificate Store LocationnullThis option allows you to access a certificate held in a personal store, rather than use a certificate file and password combination. For an example of usage see Section 20.2.4.7, “Tutorial: Using SSL with MySQL Connector/NET”. Was introduced with 6.2.1.
Certificate ThumbprintnullThis option allows you to specify a certificate thumbprint to ensure correct identifcation of a certificate contained within a personal store. For an example of usage see Section 20.2.4.7, “Tutorial: Using SSL with MySQL Connector/NET”. Was introduced with 6.2.1.
CharSet, Character Set Specifies the character set that should be used to encode all queries sent to the server. Resultsets are still returned in the character set of the data returned.
Connect Timeout, Connection Timeout15The length of time (in seconds) to wait for a connection to the server before terminating the attempt and generating an error.
Connection Resetfalse 
Convert Zero DatetimefalseTrue to have MySqlDataReader.GetValue() and MySqlDataReader.GetDateTime() return DateTime.MinValue for date or datetime columns that have illegal values.
Default Command Timeout30Sets the default value of the command timeout to be used. This does not supercede the individual command timeout property on an individual command object. If you set the command timeout property, that will be used. This option was added in Connector/NET 5.1.4
Encrypt, UseSSLfalseFor Connector/NET 5.0.3 and later, when true, SSL encryption is used for all data sent between the client and server if the server has a certificate installed. Recognized values are true, false, yes, and no. In versions before 5.0.3, this option had no effect. From version 6.2.1 this option is deprecated and is replaced by SSL Mode. However, the option is still supported if used. If this option is set to true it is equivalent to SSL Mode = Preferred.
FunctionsReturnStringfalseThis will cause the connector to return binary/varbinary values as strings, if they do not have a tablename in the metadata.
Host, Server, Data Source, DataSource, Address, Addr, Network AddresslocalhostThe name or network address of the instance of MySQL to which to connect. Multiple hosts can be specified separated by &. This can be useful where multiple MySQL servers are configured for replication and you are not concerned about the precise server you are connecting to. No attempt is made by the provider to synchronize writes to the database so care should be taken when using this option. In Unix environment with Mono, this can be a fully qualified path to MySQL socket file name. With this configuration, the Unix socket will be used instead of TCP/IP socket. Currently only a single socket name can be given so accessing MySQL in a replicated environment using Unix sockets is not currently supported.
Ignore PreparetrueWhen true, instructs the provider to ignore any calls to MySqlCommand.Prepare(). This option is provided to prevent issues with corruption of the statements when use with server side prepared statements. If you want to use server-side prepare statements, set this option to false. This option was added in Connector/NET 5.0.3 and Connector/NET 1.0.9.
Initial Catalog, DatabasemysqlThe name of the database to use intially
Interactive, InteractiveSessionfalseIf set to true the client is interactive. An interactive client is one where the server variable CLIENT_INTERACTIVE is set. If an interactive client is set, the wait_timeout variable is set to the value of interactive_timeout. The client will then timeout after this period of inactivity. More details can be found in the server manual Section 5.1.3, “Server System Variables”.
LoggingfalseWhen true, various pieces of information is output to any configured TraceListeners.
Old GuidsfalseThis option was introduced in Connector/NET 6.1.1. The backend representation of a GUID type was changed from BINARY(16) to CHAR(36). This was done to allow developers to use the server function UUID() to populate a GUID table - UUID() generates a 36-character string. Developers of older applications can add 'Old Guids=true' to the connection string in order to use a GUID of data type BINARY(16).
Old Syntax, OldSyntaxfalseThis option was deprecated in Connector/NET 5.2.2. All code should now be written using the '@' symbol as the parameter marker.
Password, pwd The password for the MySQL account being used.
Persist Security InfofalseWhen set to false or no (strongly recommended), security-sensitive information, such as the password, is not returned as part of the connection if the connection is open or has ever been in an open state. Resetting the connection string resets all connection string values including the password. Recognized values are true, false, yes, and no.
Pipe Name, PipemysqlWhen set to the name of a named pipe, the MySqlConnection will attempt to connect to MySQL on that named pipe.This settings only applies to the Windows platform.
Port3306The port MySQL is using to listen for connections. This value is ignored if Unix socket is used.
Procedure Cache Size25Sets the size of the stored procedure cache. By default, Connector/NET will store the metadata (input/output datatypes) about the last 25 stored procedures used. To disable the stored procedure cache, set the value to zero (0). This option was added in Connector/NET 5.0.2 and Connector/NET 1.0.9.
ProtocolsocketSpecifies the type of connection to make to the server. Values can be: socket or tcp for a socket connection, pipe for a named pipe connection, unix for a Unix socket connection, memory to use MySQL shared memory.
Respect Binary FlagstrueSetting this option to false means that Connector/NET will ignore a column's binary flags as set by the server. This option was added in Connector/NET version 5.1.3.
Shared Memory NameMYSQLThe name of the shared memory object to use for communication if the connection protocol is set to memory.
SSL ModeNoneThis option has the following values:
  • None - do not use SSL.

  • Preferred - use SSL if the server supports it, but allow connection in all cases.

  • Required - Always use SSL. Deny connection if server does not support SSL.

  • VerifyCA - Always use SSL. Validate the CA but tolerate name mismatch.

  • VerifyFull - Always use SSL. Fail if the host name is not correct.

This option was introduced in MySQL Connector/NET 6.2.1.

TreatBlobsAsUTF8false 
Treat Tiny As BooleantrueSetting this value to false indicates that TINYINT(1) will be treated as an INT. See also Section 10.1.1, “Overview of Numeric Types” for a further explanation of the TINYINT and BOOL data types.
Use Affected RowsfalseWhen true the connection will report changed rows instead of found rows. This option was added in Connector/NET version 5.2.6.
Use Procedure BodiestrueSetting this option to false indicates that the user connecting to the database does not have the SELECT privileges for the mysql.proc (stored procedures) table. When to set to false, Connector/NET will not rely on this information being available when the procedure is called. Because Connector/NET will be unable to determine this information, you should explicitly set the types of the all the parameters before the call and the parameters should be added to the command in the exact same order as they appear in the procedure definition. This option was added in Connector/NET 5.0.4 and Connector/NET 1.0.10.
User Id, Username, Uid, User name The MySQL login account being used.
Use Compressionfalse

Setting this option to true enables compression of packets exchanged between the client and the server. This exchange is defined by the MySQL client-server protocol.

Compression is used if both client and server support ZLIB compression, and the client has requested compression using this option.

A compressed packet header is: packet length (3 bytes), packet number (1 byte), and Uncompressed Packet Length (3 bytes). The Uncompressed Packet Length is the number of bytes in the original, uncompressed packet. If this is zero then the data in this packet has not been compressed. When the compression protocol is in use, either the client or the server may compress packets. However, compression will not occur if the compressed length is greater than the original length. Thus, some packets will contain compressed data while other packets will not.

Use Usage Advisorfalse 
Use Performance Monitorfalse 

The following table lists the valid names for connection pooling values within the ConnectionString. For more information about connection pooling, see Connection Pooling for the MySQL Data Provider.

NameDefaultDescription
Cache Server Configuration, CacheServerConfiguration, CacheServerConfigfalseSpecifies whether server variables should be updated when a pooled connection is returned. Turning this on will yield faster opens but will also not catch any server changes made by other connections.
Connection Lifetime0When a connection is returned to the pool, its creation time is compared with the current time, and the connection is destroyed if that time span (in seconds) exceeds the value specified by Connection Lifetime. This is useful in clustered configurations to force load balancing between a running server and a server just brought online. A value of zero (0) causes pooled connections to have the maximum connection timeout.
Max Pool Size100The maximum number of connections allowed in the pool.
Min Pool Size0The minimum number of connections allowed in the pool.
PoolingtrueWhen true, the MySqlConnection object is drawn from the appropriate pool, or if necessary, is created and added to the appropriate pool. Recognized values are true, false, yes, and no.
Reset Pooled Connections, ResetConnections, ResetPooledConnectionstrueSpecifies whether a ping and a reset should be sent to the server before a pooled connection is returned. Not resetting will yield faster connection opens but also will not clear out session items such as temp tables.

20.2.7. Connector/NET API Reference

This section of the manual contains a complete reference to the Connector/NET ADO.NET component, automatically generated from the embedded documentation.

20.2.7.1. MySql.Data.MySqlClient

Namespace hierarchy

Classes

ClassDescription
MySqlCommand 
MySqlCommandBuilder 
MySqlConnection 
MySqlDataAdapter 
MySqlDataReaderProvides a means of reading a forward-only stream of rows from a MySQL database. This class cannot be inherited.
MySqlErrorCollection of error codes that can be returned by the server
MySqlExceptionThe exception that is thrown when MySQL returns an error. This class cannot be inherited.
MySqlHelperHelper class that makes it easier to work with the provider.
MySqlInfoMessageEventArgsProvides data for the InfoMessage event. This class cannot be inherited.
MySqlParameterRepresents a parameter to a MySqlCommand , and optionally, its mapping to DataSetcolumns. This class cannot be inherited.
MySqlParameterCollectionRepresents a collection of parameters relevant to a MySqlCommand as well as their respective mappings to columns in a DataSet. This class cannot be inherited.
MySqlRowUpdatedEventArgsProvides data for the RowUpdated event. This class cannot be inherited.
MySqlRowUpdatingEventArgsProvides data for the RowUpdating event. This class cannot be inherited.
MySqlTransaction 

Delegates

DelegateDescription
MySqlInfoMessageEventHandlerRepresents the method that will handle the InfoMessage event of a MySqlConnection.
MySqlRowUpdatedEventHandlerRepresents the method that will handle the RowUpdatedevent of a MySqlDataAdapter .
MySqlRowUpdatingEventHandlerRepresents the method that will handle the RowUpdatingevent of a MySqlDataAdapter .

Enumerations

EnumerationDescription
MySqlDbTypeSpecifies MySQL specific data type of a field, property, for use in a MySqlParameter .
MySqlErrorCode 
20.2.7.1.1. MySql.Data.MySqlClientHierarchy

See Also

MySql.Data.MySqlClient Namespace

20.2.7.1.2. MySqlCommand Class

For a list of all members of this type, see MySqlCommand Members .

Syntax: Visual Basic

NotInheritable Public Class MySqlCommand_
  Inherits Component_
  Implements IDbCommand, ICloneable

Syntax: C#

public sealed class MySqlCommand : Component, IDbCommand, ICloneable

Thread Safety

Public static (Shared in Visual Basic) members of this type are safe for multithreaded operations. Instance members are not guaranteed to be thread-safe.

Requirements

Namespace: MySql.Data.MySqlClient

Assembly: MySql.Data (in MySql.Data.dll)

See Also

MySqlCommand Members , MySql.Data.MySqlClient Namespace

20.2.7.1.2.1. MySqlCommand Members

MySqlCommand overview

Public Instance Constructors

MySqlCommandOverloaded. Initializes a new instance of the MySqlCommand class.

Public Instance Properties

CommandText 
CommandTimeout 
CommandType 
Connection 
Container(inherited from Component)Gets the IContainerthat contains the Component.
IsPrepared 
Parameters 
Site(inherited from Component)Gets or sets the ISiteof the Component.
Transaction 
UpdatedRowSource 

Public Instance Methods

CancelAttempts to cancel the execution of a MySqlCommand. This operation is not supported.
CreateObjRef(inherited from MarshalByRefObject)Creates an object that contains all the relevant information required to generate a proxy used to communicate with a remote object.
CreateParameterCreates a new instance of a MySqlParameter object.
Dispose(inherited from Component)Releases all resources used by the Component.
Equals(inherited from Object)Determines whether the specified Objectis equal to the current Object.
ExecuteNonQuery 
ExecuteReaderOverloaded.
ExecuteScalar 
GetHashCode(inherited from Object)Serves as a hash function for a particular type. GetHashCodeis suitable for use in hashing algorithms and data structures like a hash table.
GetLifetimeService(inherited from MarshalByRefObject)Retrieves the current lifetime service object that controls the lifetime policy for this instance.
GetType(inherited from Object)Gets the Typeof the current instance.
InitializeLifetimeService(inherited from MarshalByRefObject)Obtains a lifetime service object to control the lifetime policy for this instance.
Prepare 
ToString(inherited from Component)Returns a Stringcontaining the name of the Component, if any. This method should not be overridden.

Public Instance Events

Disposed(inherited from Component)Adds an event handler to listen to the Disposedevent on the component.

See Also

MySqlCommand Class , MySql.Data.MySqlClient Namespace

20.2.7.1.2.1.1. MySqlCommand Constructor

Initializes a new instance of the MySqlCommand class.

Overload List

Initializes a new instance of the MySqlCommand class.

See Also

MySqlCommand Class , MySql.Data.MySqlClient Namespace

20.2.7.1.2.1.1.1. MySqlCommand Constructor ()

Initializes a new instance of the MySqlCommand class.

Syntax: Visual Basic

Overloads Public Sub New()

Syntax: C#

public MySqlCommand();

See Also

MySqlCommand Class , MySql.Data.MySqlClient Namespace , MySqlCommand Constructor Overload List

20.2.7.1.2.1.1.2. MySqlCommand Constructor (String)

Syntax: Visual Basic

Overloads Public Sub New( _
   ByVal cmdText As String _
)

Syntax: C#

public MySqlCommand(
stringcmdText
);

See Also

MySqlCommand Class , MySql.Data.MySqlClient Namespace , MySqlCommand Constructor Overload List

20.2.7.1.2.1.1.3. MySqlCommand Constructor

Syntax: Visual Basic

Overloads Public Sub New( _
   ByVal cmdText As String, _
   ByVal connection As MySqlConnection _
)

Syntax: C#

public MySqlCommand(
stringcmdText,
MySqlConnectionconnection
);

See Also

MySqlCommand Class , MySql.Data.MySqlClient Namespace , MySqlCommand Constructor Overload List

20.2.7.1.2.1.1.3.1. MySqlConnection Class

For a list of all members of this type, see MySqlConnection Members .

Syntax: Visual Basic

NotInheritable Public Class MySqlConnection_
  Inherits Component_
  Implements IDbConnection, ICloneable

Syntax: C#

public sealed class MySqlConnection : Component, IDbConnection, ICloneable

Thread Safety

Public static (Shared in Visual Basic) members of this type are safe for multithreaded operations. Instance members are not guaranteed to be thread-safe.

Requirements

Namespace: MySql.Data.MySqlClient

Assembly: MySql.Data (in MySql.Data.dll)

See Also

MySqlConnection Members , MySql.Data.MySqlClient Namespace

20.2.7.1.2.1.1.3.1.1. MySqlConnection Members

MySqlConnection overview

Public Instance Constructors

MySqlConnectionOverloaded. Initializes a new instance of the MySqlConnection class.

Public Instance Properties

ConnectionString 
ConnectionTimeout 
Container(inherited from Component)Gets the IContainerthat contains the Component.
Database 
DataSourceGets the name of the MySQL server to which to connect.
ServerThreadReturns the id of the server thread this connection is executing on
ServerVersion 
Site(inherited from Component)Gets or sets the ISiteof the Component.
State 
UseCompressionIndicates if this connection should use compression when communicating with the server.

Public Instance Methods

BeginTransactionOverloaded.
ChangeDatabase 
Close 
CreateCommand 
CreateObjRef(inherited from MarshalByRefObject)Creates an object that contains all the relevant information required to generate a proxy used to communicate with a remote object.
Dispose(inherited from Component)Releases all resources used by the Component.
Equals(inherited from Object)Determines whether the specified Objectis equal to the current Object.
GetHashCode(inherited from Object)Serves as a hash function for a particular type. GetHashCodeis suitable for use in hashing algorithms and data structures like a hash table.
GetLifetimeService(inherited from MarshalByRefObject)Retrieves the current lifetime service object that controls the lifetime policy for this instance.
GetType(inherited from Object)Gets the Typeof the current instance.
InitializeLifetimeService(inherited from MarshalByRefObject)Obtains a lifetime service object to control the lifetime policy for this instance.
Open 
PingPing
ToString(inherited from Component)Returns a Stringcontaining the name of the Component, if any. This method should not be overridden.

Public Instance Events

Disposed(inherited from Component)Adds an event handler to listen to the Disposedevent on the component.
InfoMessage 
StateChange 

See Also

MySqlConnection Class , MySql.Data.MySqlClient Namespace

20.2.7.1.2.1.1.3.1.1.1. MySqlConnection Constructor

Initializes a new instance of the MySqlConnection class.

Overload List

Initializes a new instance of the MySqlConnection class.

See Also

MySqlConnection Class , MySql.Data.MySqlClient Namespace

20.2.7.1.2.1.1.3.1.1.1.1. MySqlConnection Constructor

Initializes a new instance of the MySqlConnection class.

Syntax: Visual Basic

Overloads Public Sub New()

Syntax: C#

public MySqlConnection();

See Also

MySqlConnection Class , MySql.Data.MySqlClient Namespace , MySqlConnection Constructor Overload List

20.2.7.1.2.1.1.3.1.1.1.2. MySqlConnection Constructor

Syntax: Visual Basic

Overloads Public Sub New( _
   ByVal connectionString As String _
)

Syntax: C#

public MySqlConnection(
stringconnectionString
);

See Also

MySqlConnection Class , MySql.Data.MySqlClient Namespace , MySqlConnection Constructor Overload List

20.2.7.1.2.1.1.3.1.1.2. ConnectionString Property

Syntax: Visual Basic

NotOverridable Public Property ConnectionString As String _
_
  Implements IDbConnection.ConnectionString

Syntax: C#

public string ConnectionString {get; set;}

Implements

IDbConnection.ConnectionString

See Also

MySqlConnection Class , MySql.Data.MySqlClient Namespace

20.2.7.1.2.1.1.3.1.1.3. ConnectionTimeout Property

Syntax: Visual Basic

NotOverridable Public ReadOnly Property ConnectionTimeout As Integer _
_
  Implements IDbConnection.ConnectionTimeout

Syntax: C#

public int ConnectionTimeout {get;}

Implements

IDbConnection.ConnectionTimeout

See Also

MySqlConnection Class , MySql.Data.MySqlClient Namespace

20.2.7.1.2.1.1.3.1.1.4. Database Property

Syntax: Visual Basic

NotOverridable Public ReadOnly Property Database As String _
_
  Implements IDbConnection.Database

Syntax: C#

public string Database {get;}

Implements

IDbConnection.Database

See Also

MySqlConnection Class , MySql.Data.MySqlClient Namespace

20.2.7.1.2.1.1.3.1.1.5. DataSource Property

Gets the name of the MySQL server to which to connect.

Syntax: Visual Basic

Public ReadOnly Property DataSource As String

Syntax: C#

public string DataSource {get;}

See Also

MySqlConnection Class , MySql.Data.MySqlClient Namespace

20.2.7.1.2.1.1.3.1.1.6. ServerThread Property

Returns the id of the server thread this connection is executing on

Syntax: Visual Basic

Public ReadOnly Property ServerThread As Integer

Syntax: C#

public int ServerThread {get;}

See Also

MySqlConnection Class , MySql.Data.MySqlClient Namespace

20.2.7.1.2.1.1.3.1.1.7. ServerVersion Property

Syntax: Visual Basic

Public ReadOnly Property ServerVersion As String

Syntax: C#

public string ServerVersion {get;}

See Also

MySqlConnection Class , MySql.Data.MySqlClient Namespace

20.2.7.1.2.1.1.3.1.1.8. State Property

Syntax: Visual Basic

NotOverridable Public ReadOnly Property State As ConnectionState _
_
  Implements IDbConnection.State

Syntax: C#

public System.Data.ConnectionState State {get;}

Implements

IDbConnection.State

See Also

MySqlConnection Class , MySql.Data.MySqlClient Namespace

20.2.7.1.2.1.1.3.1.1.9. UseCompression Property

Indicates if this connection should use compression when communicating with the server.

Syntax: Visual Basic

Public ReadOnly Property UseCompression As Boolean

Syntax: C#

public bool UseCompression {get;}

See Also

MySqlConnection Class , MySql.Data.MySqlClient Namespace

20.2.7.1.2.1.1.3.1.1.10. BeginTransaction Method

Overload List

See Also

MySqlConnection Class , MySql.Data.MySqlClient Namespace

20.2.7.1.2.1.1.3.1.1.10.1. MySqlConnection.BeginTransaction Method

Syntax: Visual Basic

Overloads Public Function BeginTransaction() As MySqlTransaction

Syntax: C#

public MySqlTransaction BeginTransaction();

See Also

MySqlConnection Class , MySql.Data.MySqlClient Namespace , MySqlConnection.BeginTransaction Overload List

20.2.7.1.2.1.1.3.1.1.10.1.1. MySqlTransaction Class

For a list of all members of this type, see MySqlTransaction Members .

Syntax: Visual Basic

NotInheritable Public Class MySqlTransaction_
  Implements IDbTransaction, IDisposable

Syntax: C#

public sealed class MySqlTransaction : IDbTransaction, IDisposable

Thread Safety

Public static (Sharedin Visual Basic) members of this type are safe for multithreaded operations. Instance members are notguaranteed to be thread-safe.

Requirements

Namespace: MySql.Data.MySqlClient

Assembly: MySql.Data (in MySql.Data.dll)

See Also

MySqlTransaction Members , MySql.Data.MySqlClient Namespace

20.2.7.1.2.1.1.3.1.1.10.1.1.1. MySqlTransaction Members

MySqlTransaction overview

Public Instance Properties

ConnectionGets the MySqlConnection object associated with the transaction, or a null reference (Nothing in Visual Basic) if the transaction is no longer valid.
IsolationLevelSpecifies the IsolationLevelfor this transaction.

Public Instance Methods

Commit 
Equals(inherited from Object)Determines whether the specified Objectis equal to the current Object.
GetHashCode(inherited from Object)Serves as a hash function for a particular type. GetHashCodeis suitable for use in hashing algorithms and data structures like a hash table.
GetType(inherited from Object)Gets the Typeof the current instance.
Rollback 
ToString(inherited from Object)Returns a Stringthat represents the current Object.

See Also

MySqlTransaction Class , MySql.Data.MySqlClient Namespace

20.2.7.1.2.1.1.3.1.1.10.1.1.1.1. Connection Property

Gets the MySqlConnection object associated with the transaction, or a null reference (Nothing in Visual Basic) if the transaction is no longer valid.

Syntax: Visual Basic

Public ReadOnly Property Connection As MySqlConnection

Syntax: C#

public MySqlConnection Connection {get;}

Property Value

The MySqlConnection object associated with this transaction.

Remarks

A single application may have multiple database connections, each with zero or more transactions. This property enables you to determine the connection object associated with a particular transaction created by BeginTransaction .

See Also

MySqlTransaction Class , MySql.Data.MySqlClient Namespace

20.2.7.1.2.1.1.3.1.1.10.1.1.1.2. IsolationLevel Property

Specifies the IsolationLevelfor this transaction.

Syntax: Visual Basic

NotOverridable Public ReadOnly Property IsolationLevel As IsolationLevel _
_
  Implements IDbTransaction.IsolationLevel

Syntax: C#

public System.Data.IsolationLevel IsolationLevel {get;}

Property Value

The IsolationLevel for this transaction. The default is ReadCommitted.

Implements

IDbTransaction.IsolationLevel

Remarks

Parallel transactions are not supported. Therefore, the IsolationLevel applies to the entire transaction.

See Also

MySqlTransaction Class , MySql.Data.MySqlClient Namespace

20.2.7.1.2.1.1.3.1.1.10.1.1.1.3. MySqlTransaction.Commit Method

Syntax: Visual Basic

NotOverridable Public Sub Commit() _
_
  Implements IDbTransaction.Commit

Syntax: C#

public void Commit();

Implements

IDbTransaction.Commit

See Also

MySqlTransaction Class , MySql.Data.MySqlClient Namespace

20.2.7.1.2.1.1.3.1.1.10.1.1.1.4. MySqlTransaction.Rollback Method

Syntax: Visual Basic

NotOverridable Public Sub Rollback() _
_
  Implements IDbTransaction.Rollback

Syntax: C#

public void Rollback();

Implements

IDbTransaction.Rollback

See Also

MySqlTransaction Class , MySql.Data.MySqlClient Namespace

20.2.7.1.2.1.1.3.1.1.10.2. MySqlConnection.BeginTransaction Method

Syntax: Visual Basic

Overloads Public Function BeginTransaction( _
   ByVal iso As IsolationLevel _
) As MySqlTransaction

Syntax: C#

public MySqlTransaction BeginTransaction(
IsolationLeveliso
);

See Also

MySqlConnection Class , MySql.Data.MySqlClient Namespace , MySqlConnection.BeginTransaction Overload List

20.2.7.1.2.1.1.3.1.1.11. MySqlConnection.ChangeDatabase Method

Syntax: Visual Basic

NotOverridable Public Sub ChangeDatabase( _
   ByVal databaseName As String _
) _
_
  Implements IDbConnection.ChangeDatabase

Syntax: C#

public void ChangeDatabase(
stringdatabaseName
);

Implements

IDbConnection.ChangeDatabase

See Also

MySqlConnection Class , MySql.Data.MySqlClient Namespace

20.2.7.1.2.1.1.3.1.1.12. MySqlConnection.Close Method

Syntax: Visual Basic

NotOverridable Public Sub Close() _
_
  Implements IDbConnection.Close

Syntax: C#

public void Close();

Implements

IDbConnection.Close

See Also

MySqlConnection Class , MySql.Data.MySqlClient Namespace

20.2.7.1.2.1.1.3.1.1.13. MySqlConnection.CreateCommand Method

Syntax: Visual Basic

Public Function CreateCommand() As MySqlCommand

Syntax: C#

public MySqlCommand CreateCommand();

See Also

MySqlConnection Class , MySql.Data.MySqlClient Namespace

20.2.7.1.2.1.1.3.1.1.14. MySqlConnection.Open Method

Syntax: Visual Basic

NotOverridable Public Sub Open() _
_
  Implements IDbConnection.Open

Syntax: C#

public void Open();

Implements

IDbConnection.Open

See Also

MySqlConnection Class , MySql.Data.MySqlClient Namespace

20.2.7.1.2.1.1.3.1.1.15. MySqlConnection.Ping Method

Ping

Syntax: Visual Basic

Public Function Ping() As Boolean

Syntax: C#

public bool Ping();

Return Value

See Also

MySqlConnection Class , MySql.Data.MySqlClient Namespace

20.2.7.1.2.1.1.3.1.1.16. MySqlConnection.InfoMessage Event

Syntax: Visual Basic

Public Event InfoMessage As MySqlInfoMessageEventHandler

Syntax: C#

public event MySqlInfoMessageEventHandler InfoMessage;

See Also

MySqlConnection Class , MySql.Data.MySqlClient Namespace

20.2.7.1.2.1.1.3.1.1.16.1. MySqlInfoMessageEventHandler Delegate

Represents the method that will handle the InfoMessage event of a MySqlConnection .

Syntax: Visual Basic

Public Delegate Sub MySqlInfoMessageEventHandler( _
   ByVal sender As Object, _
   ByVal args As MySqlInfoMessageEventArgs _
)

Syntax: C#

public delegate void MySqlInfoMessageEventHandler(
objectsender,
MySqlInfoMessageEventArgsargs
);

Requirements

Namespace: MySql.Data.MySqlClient

Assembly: MySql.Data (in MySql.Data.dll)

See Also

MySql.Data.MySqlClient Namespace

20.2.7.1.2.1.1.3.1.1.16.1.1. MySqlInfoMessageEventArgs Class

Provides data for the InfoMessage event. This class cannot be inherited.

For a list of all members of this type, see MySqlInfoMessageEventArgs Members .

Syntax: Visual Basic

Public Class MySqlInfoMessageEventArgs_
  Inherits EventArgs

Syntax: C#

public class MySqlInfoMessageEventArgs : EventArgs

Thread Safety

Public static (Sharedin Visual Basic) members of this type are safe for multithreaded operations. Instance members are notguaranteed to be thread-safe.

Requirements

Namespace: MySql.Data.MySqlClient

Assembly: MySql.Data (in MySql.Data.dll)

See Also

MySqlInfoMessageEventArgs Members , MySql.Data.MySqlClient Namespace

20.2.7.1.2.1.1.3.1.1.16.1.1.1. MySqlInfoMessageEventArgs Members

MySqlInfoMessageEventArgs overview

Public Instance Constructors

Public Instance Fields

Public Instance Methods

Equals(inherited from Object)Determines whether the specified Objectis equal to the current Object.
GetHashCode(inherited from Object)Serves as a hash function for a particular type. GetHashCodeis suitable for use in hashing algorithms and data structures like a hash table.
GetType(inherited from Object)Gets the Typeof the current instance.
ToString(inherited from Object)Returns a Stringthat represents the current Object.

Protected Instance Methods

Finalize(inherited from Object)Allows an Objectto attempt to free resources and perform other cleanup operations before the Objectis reclaimed by garbage collection.
MemberwiseClone(inherited from Object)Creates a shallow copy of the current Object.

See Also

MySqlInfoMessageEventArgs Class , MySql.Data.MySqlClient Namespace

20.2.7.1.2.1.1.3.1.1.16.1.1.1.1. MySqlInfoMessageEventArgs Constructor

Initializes a new instance of the MySqlInfoMessageEventArgs class.

Syntax: Visual Basic

Public Sub New()

Syntax: C#

public MySqlInfoMessageEventArgs();

See Also

MySqlInfoMessageEventArgs Class , MySql.Data.MySqlClient Namespace

20.2.7.1.2.1.1.3.1.1.16.1.1.1.2. MySqlInfoMessageEventArgs.errors Field

Syntax: Visual Basic

Public errors As MySqlError()

Syntax: C#

public MySqlError[] errors;

See Also

MySqlInfoMessageEventArgs Class , MySql.Data.MySqlClient Namespace

20.2.7.1.2.1.1.3.1.1.16.1.1.1.2.1. MySqlError Class

Collection of error codes that can be returned by the server

For a list of all members of this type, see MySqlError Members .

Syntax: Visual Basic

Public Class MySqlError

Syntax: C#

public class MySqlError

Thread Safety

Public static (Shared in Visual Basic) members of this type are safe for multithreaded operations. Instance members are not guaranteed to be thread-safe.

Requirements

Namespace: MySql.Data.MySqlClient

Assembly: MySql.Data (in MySql.Data.dll)

See Also

MySqlError Members , MySql.Data.MySqlClient Namespace

20.2.7.1.2.1.1.3.1.1.16.1.1.1.2.1.1. MySqlError Members

MySqlError overview

Public Instance Constructors

Public Instance Properties

CodeError code
LevelError level
MessageError message

Public Instance Methods

Equals(inherited from Object)Determines whether the specified Objectis equal to the current Object.
GetHashCode(inherited from Object)Serves as a hash function for a particular type. GetHashCodeis suitable for use in hashing algorithms and data structures like a hash table.
GetType(inherited from Object)Gets the Typeof the current instance.
ToString(inherited from Object)Returns a Stringthat represents the current Object.

Protected Instance Methods

Finalize(inherited from Object)Allows an Objectto attempt to free resources and perform other cleanup operations before the Objectis reclaimed by garbage collection.
MemberwiseClone(inherited from Object)Creates a shallow copy of the current Object.

See Also

MySqlError Class , MySql.Data.MySqlClient Namespace

20.2.7.1.2.1.1.3.1.1.16.1.1.1.2.1.1.1. MySqlError Constructor

Syntax: Visual Basic

Public Sub New( _
   ByVal level As String, _
   ByVal code As Integer, _
   ByVal message As String _
)

Syntax: C#

public MySqlError(
stringlevel,
intcode,
stringmessage
);

Parameters

  • level:

  • code:

  • message:

See Also

MySqlError Class , MySql.Data.MySqlClient Namespace

20.2.7.1.2.1.1.3.1.1.16.1.1.1.2.1.1.2. Code Property

Error code

Syntax: Visual Basic

Public ReadOnly Property Code As Integer

Syntax: C#

public int Code {get;}

See Also

MySqlError Class , MySql.Data.MySqlClient Namespace

20.2.7.1.2.1.1.3.1.1.16.1.1.1.2.1.1.3. Level Property

Error level

Syntax: Visual Basic

Public ReadOnly Property Level As String

Syntax: C#

public string Level {get;}

See Also

MySqlError Class , MySql.Data.MySqlClient Namespace

20.2.7.1.2.1.1.3.1.1.16.1.1.1.2.1.1.4. Message Property

Error message

Syntax: Visual Basic

Public ReadOnly Property Message As String

Syntax: C#

public string Message {get;}

See Also

MySqlError Class , MySql.Data.MySqlClient Namespace

20.2.7.1.2.1.1.3.1.1.17. MySqlConnection.StateChange Event

Syntax: Visual Basic

Public Event StateChange As StateChangeEventHandler

Syntax: C#

public event StateChangeEventHandler StateChange;

See Also

MySqlConnection Class , MySql.Data.MySqlClient Namespace

20.2.7.1.2.1.1.4. MySqlCommand Constructor

Syntax: Visual Basic

Overloads Public Sub New( _
   ByVal cmdText As String, _
   ByVal connection As MySqlConnection, _
   ByVal transaction As MySqlTransaction _
)

Syntax: C#

public MySqlCommand(
stringcmdText,
MySqlConnectionconnection,
MySqlTransactiontransaction
);

See Also

MySqlCommand Class , MySql.Data.MySqlClient Namespace , MySqlCommand Constructor Overload List

20.2.7.1.2.1.2. CommandText Property

Syntax: Visual Basic

NotOverridable Public Property CommandText As String _
_
  Implements IDbCommand.CommandText

Syntax: C#

public string CommandText {get; set;}

Implements

IDbCommand.CommandText

See Also

MySqlCommand Class , MySql.Data.MySqlClient Namespace

20.2.7.1.2.1.3. CommandTimeout Property

Syntax: Visual Basic

NotOverridable Public Property CommandTimeout As Integer _
_
  Implements IDbCommand.CommandTimeout

Syntax: C#

public int CommandTimeout {get; set;}

Implements

IDbCommand.CommandTimeout

See Also

MySqlCommand Class , MySql.Data.MySqlClient Namespace

20.2.7.1.2.1.4. CommandType Property

Syntax: Visual Basic

NotOverridable Public Property CommandType As CommandType _
_
  Implements IDbCommand.CommandType

Syntax: C#

public System.Data.CommandType CommandType {get; set;}

Implements

IDbCommand.CommandType

See Also

MySqlCommand Class , MySql.Data.MySqlClient Namespace

20.2.7.1.2.1.5. Connection Property

Syntax: Visual Basic

Public Property Connection As MySqlConnection

Syntax: C#

public MySqlConnection Connection {get; set;}

See Also

MySqlCommand Class , MySql.Data.MySqlClient Namespace

20.2.7.1.2.1.6. IsPrepared Property

Syntax: Visual Basic

Public ReadOnly Property IsPrepared As Boolean

Syntax: C#

public bool IsPrepared {get;}

See Also

MySqlCommand Class , MySql.Data.MySqlClient Namespace

20.2.7.1.2.1.7. Parameters Property

Syntax: Visual Basic

Public ReadOnly Property Parameters As MySqlParameterCollection

Syntax: C#

public MySqlParameterCollection Parameters {get;}

See Also

MySqlCommand Class , MySql.Data.MySqlClient Namespace

20.2.7.1.2.1.7.1. MySqlParameterCollection Class

Represents a collection of parameters relevant to a MySqlCommand as well as their respective mappings to columns in a DataSet. This class cannot be inherited.

For a list of all members of this type, see MySqlParameterCollection Members .

Syntax: Visual Basic

NotInheritable Public Class MySqlParameterCollection_
  Inherits MarshalByRefObject_
  Implements IDataParameterCollection, IList, ICollection, IEnumerable

Syntax: C#

public sealed class MySqlParameterCollection : MarshalByRefObject, IDataParameterCollection, IList, ICollection, IEnumerable

Thread Safety

Public static (Shared in Visual Basic) members of this type are safe for multithreaded operations. Instance members are not guaranteed to be thread-safe.

Requirements

Namespace: MySql.Data.MySqlClient

Assembly: MySql.Data (in MySql.Data.dll)

See Also

MySqlParameterCollection Members , MySql.Data.MySqlClient Namespace

20.2.7.1.2.1.7.1.1. MySqlParameterCollection Members

MySqlParameterCollection overview

Public Instance Constructors

MySqlParameterCollection ConstructorInitializes a new instance of the MySqlParameterCollection class.

Public Instance Properties

CountGets the number of MySqlParameter objects in the collection.
ItemOverloaded. Gets the MySqlParameter with a specified attribute. In C#, this property is the indexer for the MySqlParameterCollection class.

Public Instance Methods

AddOverloaded. Adds the specified MySqlParameter object to the MySqlParameterCollection .
ClearRemoves all items from the collection.
ContainsOverloaded. Gets a value indicating whether a MySqlParameter exists in the collection.
CopyToCopies MySqlParameter objects from the MySqlParameterCollection to the specified array.
CreateObjRef(inherited from MarshalByRefObject)Creates an object that contains all the relevant information required to generate a proxy used to communicate with a remote object.
Equals(inherited from Object)Determines whether the specified Objectis equal to the current Object.
GetHashCode(inherited from Object)Serves as a hash function for a particular type. GetHashCodeis suitable for use in hashing algorithms and data structures like a hash table.
GetLifetimeService(inherited from MarshalByRefObject)Retrieves the current lifetime service object that controls the lifetime policy for this instance.
GetType(inherited from Object)Gets the Typeof the current instance.
IndexOfOverloaded. Gets the location of a MySqlParameter in the collection.
InitializeLifetimeService(inherited from MarshalByRefObject)Obtains a lifetime service object to control the lifetime policy for this instance.
InsertInserts a MySqlParameter into the collection at the specified index.
RemoveRemoves the specified MySqlParameter from the collection.
RemoveAtOverloaded. Removes the specified MySqlParameter from the collection.
ToString(inherited from Object)Returns a Stringthat represents the current Object.

See Also

MySqlParameterCollection Class , MySql.Data.MySqlClient Namespace

20.2.7.1.2.1.7.1.1.1. MySqlParameterCollection Constructor

Initializes a new instance of the MySqlParameterCollection class.

Syntax: Visual Basic

Public Sub New()

Syntax: C#

public MySqlParameterCollection();

See Also

MySqlParameterCollection Class , MySql.Data.MySqlClient Namespace

20.2.7.1.2.1.7.1.1.2. Count Property

Gets the number of MySqlParameter objects in the collection.

Syntax: Visual Basic

NotOverridable Public ReadOnly Property Count As Integer _
_
  Implements ICollection.Count

Syntax: C#

public int Count {get;}

Implements

ICollection.Count

See Also

MySqlParameterCollection Class , MySql.Data.MySqlClient Namespace

20.2.7.1.2.1.7.1.1.3. Item Property

Gets the MySqlParameter with a specified attribute. In C#, this property is the indexer for the MySqlParameterCollection class.

Overload List

Gets the MySqlParameter at the specified index.

Gets the MySqlParameter with the specified name.

See Also

MySqlParameterCollection Class , MySql.Data.MySqlClient Namespace

20.2.7.1.2.1.7.1.1.3.1. MySqlParameter Class

Represents a parameter to a MySqlCommand , and optionally, its mapping to DataSetcolumns. This class cannot be inherited.

For a list of all members of this type, see MySqlParameter Members .

Syntax: Visual Basic

NotInheritable Public Class MySqlParameter_
  Inherits MarshalByRefObject_
  Implements IDataParameter, IDbDataParameter, ICloneable

Syntax: C#

public sealed class MySqlParameter : MarshalByRefObject, IDataParameter, IDbDataParameter, ICloneable

Thread Safety

Public static (Shared in Visual Basic) members of this type are safe for multithreaded operations. Instance members are not guaranteed to be thread-safe.

Requirements

Namespace: MySql.Data.MySqlClient

Assembly: MySql.Data (in MySql.Data.dll)

See Also

MySqlParameter Members , MySql.Data.MySqlClient Namespace

20.2.7.1.2.1.7.1.1.3.1.1. MySqlParameter Members

MySqlParameter overview

Public Instance Constructors

MySqlParameterOverloaded. Initializes a new instance of the MySqlParameter class.

Public Instance Properties

DbTypeGets or sets the DbTypeof the parameter.
DirectionGets or sets a value indicating whether the parameter is input-only, output-only, bidirectional, or a stored procedure return value parameter. As of MySQL version 4.1 and earlier, input-only is the only valid choice.
IsNullableGets or sets a value indicating whether the parameter accepts null values.
IsUnsigned 
MySqlDbTypeGets or sets the MySqlDbType of the parameter.
ParameterNameGets or sets the name of the MySqlParameter.
PrecisionGets or sets the maximum number of digits used to represent the Value property.
ScaleGets or sets the number of decimal places to which Value is resolved.
SizeGets or sets the maximum size, in bytes, of the data within the column.
SourceColumnGets or sets the name of the source column that is mapped to the DataSetand used for loading or returning the Value .
SourceVersionGets or sets the DataRowVersionto use when loading Value .
ValueGets or sets the value of the parameter.

Public Instance Methods

CreateObjRef(inherited from MarshalByRefObject)Creates an object that contains all the relevant information required to generate a proxy used to communicate with a remote object.
Equals(inherited from Object)Determines whether the specified Objectis equal to the current Object.
GetHashCode(inherited from Object)Serves as a hash function for a particular type. GetHashCodeis suitable for use in hashing algorithms and data structures like a hash table.
GetLifetimeService(inherited from MarshalByRefObject)Retrieves the current lifetime service object that controls the lifetime policy for this instance.
GetType(inherited from Object)Gets the Typeof the current instance.
InitializeLifetimeService(inherited from MarshalByRefObject)Obtains a lifetime service object to control the lifetime policy for this instance.
ToStringOverridden. Gets a string containing the ParameterName .

See Also

MySqlParameter Class , MySql.Data.MySqlClient Namespace

20.2.7.1.2.1.7.1.1.3.1.1.1. MySqlParameter Constructor

Initializes a new instance of the MySqlParameter class.

Overload List

Initializes a new instance of the MySqlParameter class.

Initializes a new instance of the MySqlParameter class with the parameter name and the data type.

Initializes a new instance of the MySqlParameter class with the parameter name, the MySqlDbType , and the size.

Initializes a new instance of the MySqlParameter class with the parameter name, the type of the parameter, the size of the parameter, a ParameterDirection, the precision of the parameter, the scale of the parameter, the source column, a DataRowVersionto use, and the value of the parameter.

Initializes a new instance of the MySqlParameter class with the parameter name, the MySqlDbType , the size, and the source column name.

Initializes a new instance of the MySqlParameter class with the parameter name and a value of the new MySqlParameter.

See Also

MySqlParameter Class , MySql.Data.MySqlClient Namespace

20.2.7.1.2.1.7.1.1.3.1.1.1.1. MySqlParameter Constructor ()

Initializes a new instance of the MySqlParameter class.

Syntax: Visual Basic

Overloads Public Sub New()

Syntax: C#

public MySqlParameter();

See Also

MySqlParameter Class , MySql.Data.MySqlClient Namespace , MySqlParameter Constructor Overload List

20.2.7.1.2.1.7.1.1.3.1.1.1.2. MySqlParameter Constructor

Initializes a new instance of the MySqlParameter class with the parameter name and the data type.

Syntax: Visual Basic

Overloads Public Sub New( _
   ByVal parameterName As String, _
   ByVal dbType As MySqlDbType _
)

Syntax: C#

public MySqlParameter(
stringparameterName,
MySqlDbTypedbType
);

Parameters

  • parameterName: The name of the parameter to map.

  • dbType: One of the MySqlDbType values.

See Also

MySqlParameter Class , MySql.Data.MySqlClient Namespace , MySqlParameter Constructor Overload List

20.2.7.1.2.1.7.1.1.3.1.1.1.2.1. MySqlDbType Enumeration

Specifies MySQL specific data type of a field, property, for use in a MySqlParameter .

Syntax: Visual Basic

Public Enum MySqlDbType

Syntax: C#

public enum MySqlDbType

Members

Member NameDescription
NewdateObsolete. Use Datetime or Date type.
TimestampA timestamp. The range is '1970-01-01 00:00:01' to sometime in the year 2038.
Time

The range is '-838:59:59' to '838:59:59'

DateDate The supported range is '1000-01-01' to '9999-12-31'
DatetimeThe supported range is '1000-01-01 00:00:00' to '9999-12-31 23:59:59'
YearA year in 2- or 4-digit format (default is 4-digit). The allowable values are 1901 to 2155, 0000 in the 4-digit year format, and 1970-2069 if you use the 2-digit format (70-69).
TinyBlobA BLOB column with a maximum length of 255 (2^8 - 1) characters
BlobA BLOB column with a maximum length of 65535 (2^16 - 1) characters
MediumBlobA BLOB column with a maximum length of 16777215 (2^24 - 1) characters
LongBlobA BLOB column with a maximum length of 4294967295 or 4G (2^32 - 1) characters
Int16

A 16-bit signed integer. The signed range is -32768 to 32767. The unsigned range is 0 to 65535

Int24Specifies a 24 (3 byte) signed or unsigned value
Int32

A 32-bit signed integer

Int64

A 64-bit signed integer

Byte

The signed range is -128 to 127. The unsigned range is 0 to 255.

Float

A small (single-precision) floating-point number. Allowable values are -3.402823466E+38 to -1.175494351E-38, 0, and 1.175494351E-38 to 3.402823466E+38.

Double

A normal-size (double-precision) floating-point number. Allowable values are -1.7976931348623157E+308 to -2.2250738585072014E-308, 0, and 2.2250738585072014E-308 to 1.7976931348623157E+308.

UByteAn 8-bit unsigned value
UInt16A 16-bit unsigned value
UInt24A 24-bit unsigned value
UInt32A 32-bit unsigned value
UInt64A 64-bit unsigned value
Decimal

A fixed precision and scale numeric value between -1038 -1 and 10 38 -1

NewDecimalNew Decimal
SetA set. A string object that can have zero or more values, each of which must be chosen from the list of values 'value1', 'value2', ... A SET can have a maximum of 64 members.
StringObsolete Use VarChar type
VarCharA variable-length string containing 0 to 255 characters
VarStringA variable-length string containing 0 to 65535 characters
EnumAn enumeration. A string object that can have only one value, chosen from the list of values 'value1', 'value2', ..., NULL or the special "" error value. An ENUM can have a maximum of 65535 distinct values.
Geometry 
BitBit-field data type
TinyTextA nonbinary string column supporting a maximum length of 255 (2^8 - 1) characters
TextA nonbinary string column supporting a maximum length of 65535 (2^16 - 1) characters
MediumTextA nonbinary string column supporting a maximum length of 16777215 (2^24 - 1) characters
LongTextA nonbinary string column supporting a maximum length of 4294967295 (2^32 - 1) characters

Requirements

Namespace: MySql.Data.MySqlClient

Assembly: MySql.Data (in MySql.Data.dll)

See Also

MySql.Data.MySqlClient Namespace

20.2.7.1.2.1.7.1.1.3.1.1.1.3. MySqlParameter Constructor (String, MySqlDbType, Int32)

Initializes a new instance of the MySqlParameter class with the parameter name, the MySqlDbType , and the size.

Syntax: Visual Basic

Overloads Public Sub New( _
   ByVal parameterName As String, _
   ByVal dbType As MySqlDbType, _
   ByVal size As Integer _
)

Syntax: C#

public MySqlParameter(
stringparameterName,
MySqlDbTypedbType,
intsize
);

Parameters

  • parameterName: The name of the parameter to map.

  • dbType: One of the MySqlDbType values.

  • size: The length of the parameter.

See Also

MySqlParameter Class , MySql.Data.MySqlClient Namespace , MySqlParameter Constructor Overload List

20.2.7.1.2.1.7.1.1.3.1.1.1.4. MySqlParameter Constructor

Initializes a new instance of the MySqlParameter class with the parameter name, the type of the parameter, the size of the parameter, a ParameterDirection, the precision of the parameter, the scale of the parameter, the source column, a DataRowVersionto use, and the value of the parameter.

Syntax: Visual Basic

Overloads Public Sub New( _
   ByVal parameterName As String, _
   ByVal dbType As MySqlDbType, _
   ByVal size As Integer, _
   ByVal direction As ParameterDirection, _
   ByVal isNullable As Boolean, _
   ByVal precision As Byte, _
   ByVal scale As Byte, _
   ByVal sourceColumn As String, _
   ByVal sourceVersion As DataRowVersion, _
   ByVal value As Object _
)

Syntax: C#

public MySqlParameter(
stringparameterName,
MySqlDbTypedbType,
intsize,
ParameterDirectiondirection,
boolisNullable,
byteprecision,
bytescale,
stringsourceColumn,
DataRowVersionsourceVersion,
objectvalue
);

Parameters

  • parameterName: The name of the parameter to map.

  • dbType: One of the MySqlDbType values.

  • size: The length of the parameter.

  • direction: One of the ParameterDirectionvalues.

  • isNullable: true if the value of the field can be null, otherwise false.

  • precision: The total number of digits to the left and right of the decimal point to which Value is resolved.

  • scale: The total number of decimal places to which Value is resolved.

  • sourceColumn: The name of the source column.

  • sourceVersion: One of the DataRowVersionvalues.

  • value: An Objectthat is the value of the MySqlParameter .

Exceptions

Exception TypeCondition
ArgumentException 

See Also

MySqlParameter Class , MySql.Data.MySqlClient Namespace , MySqlParameter Constructor Overload List

20.2.7.1.2.1.7.1.1.3.1.1.1.4.1. Value Property

Gets or sets the value of the parameter.

Syntax: Visual Basic

NotOverridable Public Property Value As Object _
_
  Implements IDataParameter.Value

Syntax: C#

public object Value {get; set;}

Implements

IDataParameter.Value

See Also

MySqlParameter Class , MySql.Data.MySqlClient Namespace

20.2.7.1.2.1.7.1.1.3.1.1.1.5. MySqlParameter Constructor

Initializes a new instance of the MySqlParameter class with the parameter name, the MySqlDbType , the size, and the source column name.

Syntax: Visual Basic

Overloads Public Sub New( _
   ByVal parameterName As String, _
   ByVal dbType As MySqlDbType, _
   ByVal size As Integer, _
   ByVal sourceColumn As String _
)

Syntax: C#

public MySqlParameter(
stringparameterName,
MySqlDbTypedbType,
intsize,
stringsourceColumn
);

Parameters

  • parameterName: The name of the parameter to map.

  • dbType: One of the MySqlDbType values.

  • size: The length of the parameter.

  • sourceColumn: The name of the source column.

See Also

MySqlParameter Class , MySql.Data.MySqlClient Namespace , MySqlParameter Constructor Overload List

20.2.7.1.2.1.7.1.1.3.1.1.1.6. MySqlParameter Constructor

Initializes a new instance of the MySqlParameter class with the parameter name and a value of the new MySqlParameter.

Syntax: Visual Basic

Overloads Public Sub New( _
   ByVal parameterName As String, _
   ByVal value As Object _
)

Syntax: C#

public MySqlParameter(
stringparameterName,
objectvalue
);

Parameters

  • parameterName: The name of the parameter to map.

  • value: An Objectthat is the value of the MySqlParameter .

See Also

MySqlParameter Class , MySql.Data.MySqlClient Namespace , MySqlParameter Constructor Overload List

20.2.7.1.2.1.7.1.1.3.1.1.2. DbType Property

Gets or sets the DbTypeof the parameter.

Syntax: Visual Basic

NotOverridable Public Property DbType As DbType _
_
  Implements IDataParameter.DbType

Syntax: C#

public System.Data.DbType DbType {get; set;}

Implements

IDataParameter.DbType

See Also

MySqlParameter Class , MySql.Data.MySqlClient Namespace

20.2.7.1.2.1.7.1.1.3.1.1.3. Direction Property

Gets or sets a value indicating whether the parameter is input-only, output-only, bidirectional, or a stored procedure return value parameter. As of MySQL version 4.1 and earlier, input-only is the only valid choice.

Syntax: Visual Basic

NotOverridable Public Property Direction As ParameterDirection _
_
  Implements IDataParameter.Direction

Syntax: C#

public System.Data.ParameterDirection Direction {get; set;}

Implements

IDataParameter.Direction

See Also

MySqlParameter Class , MySql.Data.MySqlClient Namespace

20.2.7.1.2.1.7.1.1.3.1.1.4. IsNullable Property

Gets or sets a value indicating whether the parameter accepts null values.

Syntax: Visual Basic

NotOverridable Public Property IsNullable As Boolean _
_
  Implements IDataParameter.IsNullable

Syntax: C#

public bool IsNullable {get; set;}

Implements

IDataParameter.IsNullable

See Also

MySqlParameter Class , MySql.Data.MySqlClient Namespace

20.2.7.1.2.1.7.1.1.3.1.1.5. IsUnsigned Property

Syntax: Visual Basic

Public Property IsUnsigned As Boolean

Syntax: C#

public bool IsUnsigned {get; set;}

See Also

MySqlParameter Class , MySql.Data.MySqlClient Namespace

20.2.7.1.2.1.7.1.1.3.1.1.6. MySqlDbType Property

Gets or sets the MySqlDbType of the parameter.

Syntax: Visual Basic

Public Property MySqlDbType As MySqlDbType

Syntax: C#

public MySqlDbType MySqlDbType {get; set;}

See Also

MySqlParameter Class , MySql.Data.MySqlClient Namespace

20.2.7.1.2.1.7.1.1.3.1.1.7. ParameterName Property

Gets or sets the name of the MySqlParameter.

Syntax: Visual Basic

NotOverridable Public Property ParameterName As String _
_
  Implements IDataParameter.ParameterName

Syntax: C#

public string ParameterName {get; set;}

Implements

IDataParameter.ParameterName

See Also

MySqlParameter Class , MySql.Data.MySqlClient Namespace

20.2.7.1.2.1.7.1.1.3.1.1.8. Precision Property

Gets or sets the maximum number of digits used to represent the Value property.

Syntax: Visual Basic

NotOverridable Public Property Precision As Byte _
_
  Implements IDbDataParameter.Precision

Syntax: C#

public byte Precision {get; set;}

Implements

IDbDataParameter.Precision

See Also

MySqlParameter Class , MySql.Data.MySqlClient Namespace

20.2.7.1.2.1.7.1.1.3.1.1.9. Scale Property

Gets or sets the number of decimal places to which Value is resolved.

Syntax: Visual Basic

NotOverridable Public Property Scale As Byte _
_
  Implements IDbDataParameter.Scale

Syntax: C#

public byte Scale {get; set;}

Implements

IDbDataParameter.Scale

See Also

MySqlParameter Class , MySql.Data.MySqlClient Namespace

20.2.7.1.2.1.7.1.1.3.1.1.10. Size Property

Gets or sets the maximum size, in bytes, of the data within the column.

Syntax: Visual Basic

NotOverridable Public Property Size As Integer _
_
  Implements IDbDataParameter.Size

Syntax: C#

public int Size {get; set;}

Implements

IDbDataParameter.Size

See Also

MySqlParameter Class , MySql.Data.MySqlClient Namespace

20.2.7.1.2.1.7.1.1.3.1.1.11. SourceColumn Property

Gets or sets the name of the source column that is mapped to the DataSetand used for loading or returning the Value .

Syntax: Visual Basic

NotOverridable Public Property SourceColumn As String _
_
  Implements IDataParameter.SourceColumn

Syntax: C#

public string SourceColumn {get; set;}

Implements

IDataParameter.SourceColumn

See Also

MySqlParameter Class , MySql.Data.MySqlClient Namespace

20.2.7.1.2.1.7.1.1.3.1.1.12. SourceVersion Property

Gets or sets the DataRowVersionto use when loading Value .

Syntax: Visual Basic

NotOverridable Public Property SourceVersion As DataRowVersion _
_
  Implements IDataParameter.SourceVersion

Syntax: C#

public System.Data.DataRowVersion SourceVersion {get; set;}

Implements

IDataParameter.SourceVersion

See Also

MySqlParameter Class , MySql.Data.MySqlClient Namespace

20.2.7.1.2.1.7.1.1.3.1.1.13. MySqlParameter.ToString Method

Overridden. Gets a string containing the ParameterName .

Syntax: Visual Basic

Overrides Public Function ToString() As String

Syntax: C#

public override string ToString();

Return Value

See Also

MySqlParameter Class , MySql.Data.MySqlClient Namespace

20.2.7.1.2.1.7.1.1.3.2. Item Property (Int32)

Gets the MySqlParameter at the specified index.

Syntax: Visual Basic

Overloads Public Default Property Item( _
   ByVal index As Integer _
) As MySqlParameter

Syntax: C#

public MySqlParameter this[
intindex
] {get; set;}

See Also

MySqlParameterCollection Class , MySql.Data.MySqlClient Namespace , MySqlParameterCollection.Item Overload List

20.2.7.1.2.1.7.1.1.3.3. Item Property (String)

Gets the MySqlParameter with the specified name.

Syntax: Visual Basic

Overloads Public Default Property Item( _
   ByVal name As String _
) As MySqlParameter

Syntax: C#

public MySqlParameter this[
stringname
] {get; set;}

See Also

MySqlParameterCollection Class , MySql.Data.MySqlClient Namespace , MySqlParameterCollection.Item Overload List

20.2.7.1.2.1.7.1.1.4. Add Method

Adds the specified MySqlParameter object to the MySqlParameterCollection .

Overload List

Adds the specified MySqlParameter object to the MySqlParameterCollection .

Adds the specified MySqlParameter object to the MySqlParameterCollection .

Adds a MySqlParameter to the MySqlParameterCollection given the parameter name and the data type.

Adds a MySqlParameter to the MySqlParameterCollection with the parameter name, the data type, and the column length.

Adds a MySqlParameter to the MySqlParameterCollection with the parameter name, the data type, the column length, and the source column name.

Adds a MySqlParameter to the MySqlParameterCollection given the specified parameter name and value.

See Also

MySqlParameterCollection Class , MySql.Data.MySqlClient Namespace

20.2.7.1.2.1.7.1.1.4.1. MySqlParameterCollection.Add Method

Adds the specified MySqlParameter object to the MySqlParameterCollection .

Syntax: Visual Basic

Overloads Public Function Add( _
   ByVal value As MySqlParameter _
) As MySqlParameter

Syntax: C#

public MySqlParameter Add(
MySqlParametervalue
);

Parameters

Return Value

The newly added MySqlParameter object.

See Also

MySqlParameterCollection Class , MySql.Data.MySqlClient Namespace , MySqlParameterCollection.Add Overload List

20.2.7.1.2.1.7.1.1.4.2. MySqlParameterCollection.Add Method

Adds the specified MySqlParameter object to the MySqlParameterCollection .

Syntax: Visual Basic

NotOverridable Overloads Public Function Add( _
   ByVal value As Object _
) As Integer _
_
  Implements IList.Add

Syntax: C#

public int Add(
objectvalue
);

Parameters

Return Value

The index of the new MySqlParameter object.

Implements

IList.Add

See Also

MySqlParameterCollection Class , MySql.Data.MySqlClient Namespace , MySqlParameterCollection.Add Overload List

20.2.7.1.2.1.7.1.1.4.3. MySqlParameterCollection.Add Method

Adds a MySqlParameter to the MySqlParameterCollection given the parameter name and the data type.

Syntax: Visual Basic

Overloads Public Function Add( _
   ByVal parameterName As String, _
   ByVal dbType As MySqlDbType _
) As MySqlParameter

Syntax: C#

public MySqlParameter Add(
stringparameterName,
MySqlDbTypedbType
);

Parameters

  • parameterName: The name of the parameter.

  • dbType: One of the MySqlDbType values.

Return Value

The newly added MySqlParameter object.

See Also

MySqlParameterCollection Class , MySql.Data.MySqlClient Namespace , MySqlParameterCollection.Add Overload List

20.2.7.1.2.1.7.1.1.4.4. MySqlParameterCollection.Add Method

Adds a MySqlParameter to the MySqlParameterCollection with the parameter name, the data type, and the column length.

Syntax: Visual Basic

Overloads Public Function Add( _
   ByVal parameterName As String, _
   ByVal dbType As MySqlDbType, _
   ByVal size As Integer _
) As MySqlParameter

Syntax: C#

public MySqlParameter Add(
stringparameterName,
MySqlDbTypedbType,
intsize
);

Parameters

  • parameterName: The name of the parameter.

  • dbType: One of the MySqlDbType values.

  • size: The length of the column.

Return Value

The newly added MySqlParameter object.

See Also

MySqlParameterCollection Class , MySql.Data.MySqlClient Namespace , MySqlParameterCollection.Add Overload List

20.2.7.1.2.1.7.1.1.4.5. MySqlParameterCollection.Add Method

Adds a MySqlParameter to the MySqlParameterCollection with the parameter name, the data type, the column length, and the source column name.

Syntax: Visual Basic

Overloads Public Function Add( _
   ByVal parameterName As String, _
   ByVal dbType As MySqlDbType, _
   ByVal size As Integer, _
   ByVal sourceColumn As String _
) As MySqlParameter

Syntax: C#

public MySqlParameter Add(
stringparameterName,
MySqlDbTypedbType,
intsize,
stringsourceColumn
);

Parameters

  • parameterName: The name of the parameter.

  • dbType: One of the MySqlDbType values.

  • size: The length of the column.

  • sourceColumn: The name of the source column.

Return Value

The newly added MySqlParameter object.

See Also

MySqlParameterCollection Class , MySql.Data.MySqlClient Namespace , MySqlParameterCollection.Add Overload List

20.2.7.1.2.1.7.1.1.4.6. MySqlParameterCollection.Add Method

Adds a MySqlParameter to the MySqlParameterCollection given the specified parameter name and value.

Syntax: Visual Basic

Overloads Public Function Add( _
   ByVal parameterName As String, _
   ByVal value As Object _
) As MySqlParameter

Syntax: C#

public MySqlParameter Add(
stringparameterName,
objectvalue
);

Parameters

  • parameterName: The name of the parameter.

  • value: The Value of the MySqlParameter to add to the collection.

Return Value

The newly added MySqlParameter object.

See Also

MySqlParameterCollection Class , MySql.Data.MySqlClient Namespace , MySqlParameterCollection.Add Overload List

20.2.7.1.2.1.7.1.1.5. MySqlParameterCollection.Clear Method

Removes all items from the collection.

Syntax: Visual Basic

NotOverridable Public Sub Clear() _
_
  Implements IList.Clear

Syntax: C#

public void Clear();

Implements

IList.Clear

See Also

MySqlParameterCollection Class , MySql.Data.MySqlClient Namespace

20.2.7.1.2.1.7.1.1.6. Contains Method

Gets a value indicating whether a MySqlParameter exists in the collection.

Overload List

Gets a value indicating whether a MySqlParameter exists in the collection.

Gets a value indicating whether a MySqlParameter with the specified parameter name exists in the collection.

See Also

MySqlParameterCollection Class , MySql.Data.MySqlClient Namespace

20.2.7.1.2.1.7.1.1.6.1. MySqlParameterCollection.Contains Method

Gets a value indicating whether a MySqlParameter exists in the collection.

Syntax: Visual Basic

NotOverridable Overloads Public Function Contains( _
   ByVal value As Object _
) As Boolean _
_
  Implements IList.Contains

Syntax: C#

public bool Contains(
objectvalue
);

Parameters

Return Value

true if the collection contains the MySqlParameter object; otherwise, false.

Implements

IList.Contains

See Also

MySqlParameterCollection Class , MySql.Data.MySqlClient Namespace , MySqlParameterCollection.Contains Overload List

20.2.7.1.2.1.7.1.1.6.2. MySqlParameterCollection.Contains Method

Gets a value indicating whether a MySqlParameter with the specified parameter name exists in the collection.

Syntax: Visual Basic

NotOverridable Overloads Public Function Contains( _
   ByVal name As String _
) As Boolean _
_
  Implements IDataParameterCollection.Contains

Syntax: C#

public bool Contains(
stringname
);

Parameters

Return Value

true if the collection contains the parameter; otherwise, false.

Implements

IDataParameterCollection.Contains

See Also

MySqlParameterCollection Class , MySql.Data.MySqlClient Namespace , MySqlParameterCollection.Contains Overload List

20.2.7.1.2.1.7.1.1.7. MySqlParameterCollection.CopyTo Method

Copies MySqlParameter objects from the MySqlParameterCollection to the specified array.

Syntax: Visual Basic

NotOverridable Public Sub CopyTo( _
   ByVal array As Array, _
   ByVal index As Integer _
) _
_
  Implements ICollection.CopyTo

Syntax: C#

public void CopyTo(
Arrayarray,
intindex
);

Parameters

Implements

ICollection.CopyTo

See Also

MySqlParameterCollection Class , MySql.Data.MySqlClient Namespace

20.2.7.1.2.1.7.1.1.8. IndexOf Method

Gets the location of a MySqlParameter in the collection.

Overload List

Gets the location of a MySqlParameter in the collection.

Gets the location of the MySqlParameter in the collection with a specific parameter name.

See Also

MySqlParameterCollection Class , MySql.Data.MySqlClient Namespace

20.2.7.1.2.1.7.1.1.8.1. MySqlParameterCollection.IndexOf Method

Gets the location of a MySqlParameter in the collection.

Syntax: Visual Basic

NotOverridable Overloads Public Function IndexOf( _
   ByVal value As Object _
) As Integer _
_
  Implements IList.IndexOf

Syntax: C#

public int IndexOf(
objectvalue
);

Parameters

Return Value

The zero-based location of the MySqlParameter in the collection.

Implements

IList.IndexOf

See Also

MySqlParameterCollection Class , MySql.Data.MySqlClient Namespace , MySqlParameterCollection.IndexOf Overload List

20.2.7.1.2.1.7.1.1.8.2. MySqlParameterCollection.IndexOf Method

Gets the location of the MySqlParameter in the collection with a specific parameter name.

Syntax: Visual Basic

NotOverridable Overloads Public Function IndexOf( _
   ByVal parameterName As String _
) As Integer _
_
  Implements IDataParameterCollection.IndexOf

Syntax: C#

public int IndexOf(
stringparameterName
);

Parameters

Return Value

The zero-based location of the MySqlParameter in the collection.

Implements

IDataParameterCollection.IndexOf

See Also

MySqlParameterCollection Class , MySql.Data.MySqlClient Namespace , MySqlParameterCollection.IndexOf Overload List

20.2.7.1.2.1.7.1.1.9. MySqlParameterCollection.Insert Method

Inserts a MySqlParameter into the collection at the specified index.

Syntax: Visual Basic

NotOverridable Public Sub Insert( _
   ByVal index As Integer, _
   ByVal value As Object _
) _
_
  Implements IList.Insert

Syntax: C#

public void Insert(
intindex,
objectvalue
);

Parameters

Implements

IList.Insert

See Also

MySqlParameterCollection Class , MySql.Data.MySqlClient Namespace

20.2.7.1.2.1.7.1.1.10. MySqlParameterCollection.Remove Method

Removes the specified MySqlParameter from the collection.

Syntax: Visual Basic

NotOverridable Public Sub Remove( _
   ByVal value As Object _
) _
_
  Implements IList.Remove

Syntax: C#

public void Remove(
objectvalue
);

Parameters

  • value:

Implements

IList.Remove

See Also

MySqlParameterCollection Class , MySql.Data.MySqlClient Namespace

20.2.7.1.2.1.7.1.1.11. RemoveAt Method

Removes the specified MySqlParameter from the collection.

Overload List

Removes the specified MySqlParameter from the collection using a specific index.

Removes the specified MySqlParameter from the collection using the parameter name.

See Also

MySqlParameterCollection Class , MySql.Data.MySqlClient Namespace

20.2.7.1.2.1.7.1.1.11.1. MySqlParameterCollection.RemoveAt Method

Removes the specified MySqlParameter from the collection using a specific index.

Syntax: Visual Basic

NotOverridable Overloads Public Sub RemoveAt( _
   ByVal index As Integer _
) _
_
  Implements IList.RemoveAt

Syntax: C#

public void RemoveAt(
intindex
);

Parameters

  • index: The zero-based index of the parameter.

Implements

IList.RemoveAt

See Also

MySqlParameterCollection Class , MySql.Data.MySqlClient Namespace , MySqlParameterCollection.RemoveAt Overload List

20.2.7.1.2.1.7.1.1.11.2. MySqlParameterCollection.RemoveAt Method

Removes the specified MySqlParameter from the collection using the parameter name.

Syntax: Visual Basic

NotOverridable Overloads Public Sub RemoveAt( _
   ByVal name As String _
) _
_
  Implements IDataParameterCollection.RemoveAt

Syntax: C#

public void RemoveAt(
stringname
);

Parameters

Implements

IDataParameterCollection.RemoveAt

See Also

MySqlParameterCollection Class , MySql.Data.MySqlClient Namespace , MySqlParameterCollection.RemoveAt Overload List

20.2.7.1.2.1.8. Transaction Property

Syntax: Visual Basic

Public Property Transaction As MySqlTransaction

Syntax: C#

public MySqlTransaction Transaction {get; set;}

See Also

MySqlCommand Class , MySql.Data.MySqlClient Namespace

20.2.7.1.2.1.9. UpdatedRowSource Property

Syntax: Visual Basic

NotOverridable Public Property UpdatedRowSource As UpdateRowSource _
_
  Implements IDbCommand.UpdatedRowSource

Syntax: C#

public System.Data.UpdateRowSource UpdatedRowSource {get; set;}

Implements

IDbCommand.UpdatedRowSource

See Also

MySqlCommand Class , MySql.Data.MySqlClient Namespace

20.2.7.1.2.1.10. MySqlCommand.Cancel Method

Attempts to cancel the execution of a MySqlCommand. This operation is not supported.

Syntax: Visual Basic

NotOverridable Public Sub Cancel() _
_
  Implements IDbCommand.Cancel

Syntax: C#

public void Cancel();

Implements

IDbCommand.Cancel

Remarks

Cancelling an executing command is currently not supported on any version of MySQL.

Exceptions

Exception TypeCondition
NotSupportedExceptionThis operation is not supported.

See Also

MySqlCommand Class , MySql.Data.MySqlClient Namespace

20.2.7.1.2.1.11. MySqlCommand.CreateParameter Method

Creates a new instance of a MySqlParameter object.

Syntax: Visual Basic

Public Function CreateParameter() As MySqlParameter

Syntax: C#

public MySqlParameter CreateParameter();

Return Value

A MySqlParameter object.

Remarks

This method is a strongly-typed version of CreateParameter.

See Also

MySqlCommand Class , MySql.Data.MySqlClient Namespace

20.2.7.1.2.1.12. MySqlCommand.ExecuteNonQuery Method

Syntax: Visual Basic

NotOverridable Public Function ExecuteNonQuery() As Integer _
_
  Implements IDbCommand.ExecuteNonQuery

Syntax: C#

public int ExecuteNonQuery();

Implements

IDbCommand.ExecuteNonQuery

See Also

MySqlCommand Class , MySql.Data.MySqlClient Namespace

20.2.7.1.2.1.13. ExecuteReader Method

Overload List

See Also

MySqlCommand Class , MySql.Data.MySqlClient Namespace

20.2.7.1.2.1.13.1. MySqlCommand.ExecuteReader Method

Syntax: Visual Basic

Overloads Public Function ExecuteReader() As MySqlDataReader

Syntax: C#

public MySqlDataReader ExecuteReader();

See Also

MySqlCommand Class , MySql.Data.MySqlClient Namespace , MySqlCommand.ExecuteReader Overload List

20.2.7.1.2.1.13.1.1. MySqlDataReader Class

Provides a means of reading a forward-only stream of rows from a MySQL database. This class cannot be inherited.

For a list of all members of this type, see MySqlDataReader Members .

Syntax: Visual Basic

NotInheritable Public Class MySqlDataReader_
  Inherits MarshalByRefObject_
  Implements IEnumerable, IDataReader, IDisposable, IDataRecord

Syntax: C#

public sealed class MySqlDataReader : MarshalByRefObject, IEnumerable, IDataReader, IDisposable, IDataRecord

Thread Safety

Public static (Shared in Visual Basic) members of this type are safe for multithreaded operations. Instance members are not guaranteed to be thread-safe.

Requirements

Namespace: MySql.Data.MySqlClient

Assembly: MySql.Data (in MySql.Data.dll)

See Also

MySqlDataReader Members , MySql.Data.MySqlClient Namespace

20.2.7.1.2.1.13.1.1.1. MySqlDataReader Members

MySqlDataReader overview

Public Instance Properties

DepthGets a value indicating the depth of nesting for the current row. This method is not supported currently and always returns 0.
FieldCountGets the number of columns in the current row.
HasRowsGets a value indicating whether the MySqlDataReader contains one or more rows.
IsClosedGets a value indicating whether the data reader is closed.
ItemOverloaded. Overloaded. Gets the value of a column in its native format. In C#, this property is the indexer for the MySqlDataReader class.
RecordsAffectedGets the number of rows changed, inserted, or deleted by execution of the SQL statement.

Public Instance Methods

CloseCloses the MySqlDataReader object.
CreateObjRef(inherited from MarshalByRefObject)Creates an object that contains all the relevant information required to generate a proxy used to communicate with a remote object.
Equals(inherited from Object)Determines whether the specified Objectis equal to the current Object.
GetBooleanGets the value of the specified column as a Boolean.
GetByteGets the value of the specified column as a byte.
GetBytesReads a stream of bytes from the specified column offset into the buffer an array starting at the given buffer offset.
GetCharGets the value of the specified column as a single character.
GetCharsReads a stream of characters from the specified column offset into the buffer as an array starting at the given buffer offset.
GetDataTypeNameGets the name of the source data type.
GetDateTime 
GetDecimal 
GetDouble 
GetFieldTypeGets the Type that is the data type of the object.
GetFloat 
GetGuid 
GetHashCode(inherited from Object)Serves as a hash function for a particular type. GetHashCodeis suitable for use in hashing algorithms and data structures like a hash table.
GetInt16 
GetInt32 
GetInt64 
GetLifetimeService(inherited from MarshalByRefObject)Retrieves the current lifetime service object that controls the lifetime policy for this instance.
GetMySqlDateTime 
GetNameGets the name of the specified column.
GetOrdinalGets the column ordinal, given the name of the column.
GetSchemaTableReturns a DataTable that describes the column metadata of the MySqlDataReader.
GetString 
GetTimeSpan 
GetType(inherited from Object)Gets the Typeof the current instance.
GetUInt16 
GetUInt32 
GetUInt64 
GetValueGets the value of the specified column in its native format.
GetValuesGets all attribute columns in the collection for the current row.
InitializeLifetimeService(inherited from MarshalByRefObject)Obtains a lifetime service object to control the lifetime policy for this instance.
IsDBNullGets a value indicating whether the column contains non-existent or missing values.
NextResultAdvances the data reader to the next result, when reading the results of batch SQL statements.
ReadAdvances the MySqlDataReader to the next record.
ToString(inherited from Object)Returns a Stringthat represents the current Object.

See Also

MySqlDataReader Class , MySql.Data.MySqlClient Namespace

20.2.7.1.2.1.13.1.1.1.1. Depth Property

Gets a value indicating the depth of nesting for the current row. This method is not supported currently and always returns 0.

Syntax: Visual Basic

NotOverridable Public ReadOnly Property Depth As Integer _
_
  Implements IDataReader.Depth

Syntax: C#

public int Depth {get;}

Implements

IDataReader.Depth

See Also

MySqlDataReader Class , MySql.Data.MySqlClient Namespace

20.2.7.1.2.1.13.1.1.1.2. FieldCount Property

Gets the number of columns in the current row.

Syntax: Visual Basic

NotOverridable Public ReadOnly Property FieldCount As Integer _
_
  Implements IDataRecord.FieldCount

Syntax: C#

public int FieldCount {get;}

Implements

IDataRecord.FieldCount

See Also

MySqlDataReader Class , MySql.Data.MySqlClient Namespace

20.2.7.1.2.1.13.1.1.1.3. HasRows Property

Gets a value indicating whether the MySqlDataReader contains one or more rows.

Syntax: Visual Basic

Public ReadOnly Property HasRows As Boolean

Syntax: C#

public bool HasRows {get;}

See Also

MySqlDataReader Class , MySql.Data.MySqlClient Namespace

20.2.7.1.2.1.13.1.1.1.4. IsClosed Property

Gets a value indicating whether the data reader is closed.

Syntax: Visual Basic

NotOverridable Public ReadOnly Property IsClosed As Boolean _
_
  Implements IDataReader.IsClosed

Syntax: C#

public bool IsClosed {get;}

Implements

IDataReader.IsClosed

See Also

MySqlDataReader Class , MySql.Data.MySqlClient Namespace

20.2.7.1.2.1.13.1.1.1.5. Item Property

Overloaded. Gets the value of a column in its native format. In C#, this property is the indexer for the MySqlDataReader class.

Overload List

Overloaded. Gets the value of a column in its native format. In C#, this property is the indexer for the MySqlDataReader class.

Gets the value of a column in its native format. In C#, this property is the indexer for the MySqlDataReader class.

See Also

MySqlDataReader Class , MySql.Data.MySqlClient Namespace

20.2.7.1.2.1.13.1.1.1.5.1. Item Property (Int32)

Overloaded. Gets the value of a column in its native format. In C#, this property is the indexer for the MySqlDataReader class.

Syntax: Visual Basic

NotOverridable Overloads Public Default ReadOnly Property Item( _
   ByVal i As Integer _
) _
_
  Implements IDataRecord.Item As Object _
_
  Implements IDataRecord.Item

Syntax: C#

public object this[
inti
] {get;}

Implements

IDataRecord.Item

See Also

MySqlDataReader Class , MySql.Data.MySqlClient Namespace , MySqlDataReader.Item Overload List

20.2.7.1.2.1.13.1.1.1.5.2. Item Property (String)

Gets the value of a column in its native format. In C#, this property is the indexer for the MySqlDataReader class.

Syntax: Visual Basic

NotOverridable Overloads Public Default ReadOnly Property Item( _
   ByVal name As String _
) _
_
  Implements IDataRecord.Item As Object _
_
  Implements IDataRecord.Item

Syntax: C#

public object this[
stringname
] {get;}

Implements

IDataRecord.Item

See Also

MySqlDataReader Class , MySql.Data.MySqlClient Namespace , MySqlDataReader.Item Overload List

20.2.7.1.2.1.13.1.1.1.6. RecordsAffected Property

Gets the number of rows changed, inserted, or deleted by execution of the SQL statement.

Syntax: Visual Basic

NotOverridable Public ReadOnly Property RecordsAffected As Integer _
_
  Implements IDataReader.RecordsAffected

Syntax: C#

public int RecordsAffected {get;}

Implements

IDataReader.RecordsAffected

See Also

MySqlDataReader Class , MySql.Data.MySqlClient Namespace

20.2.7.1.2.1.13.1.1.1.7. MySqlDataReader.Close Method

Closes the MySqlDataReader object.

Syntax: Visual Basic

NotOverridable Public Sub Close() _
_
  Implements IDataReader.Close

Syntax: C#

public void Close();

Implements

IDataReader.Close

See Also

MySqlDataReader Class , MySql.Data.MySqlClient Namespace

20.2.7.1.2.1.13.1.1.1.8. MySqlDataReader.GetBoolean Method

Gets the value of the specified column as a Boolean.

Syntax: Visual Basic

NotOverridable Public Function GetBoolean( _
   ByVal i As Integer _
) As Boolean _
_
  Implements IDataRecord.GetBoolean

Syntax: C#

public bool GetBoolean(
inti
);

Parameters

  • i:

Return Value

Implements

IDataRecord.GetBoolean

See Also

MySqlDataReader Class , MySql.Data.MySqlClient Namespace

20.2.7.1.2.1.13.1.1.1.9. MySqlDataReader.GetByte Method

Gets the value of the specified column as a byte.

Syntax: Visual Basic

NotOverridable Public Function GetByte( _
   ByVal i As Integer _
) As Byte _
_
  Implements IDataRecord.GetByte

Syntax: C#

public byte GetByte(
inti
);

Parameters

  • i:

Return Value

Implements

IDataRecord.GetByte

See Also

MySqlDataReader Class , MySql.Data.MySqlClient Namespace

20.2.7.1.2.1.13.1.1.1.10. MySqlDataReader.GetBytes Method

Reads a stream of bytes from the specified column offset into the buffer an array starting at the given buffer offset.

Syntax: Visual Basic

NotOverridable Public Function GetBytes( _
   ByVal i As Integer, _
   ByVal dataIndex As Long, _
   ByVal buffer As Byte(), _
   ByVal bufferIndex As Integer, _
   ByVal length As Integer _
) As Long _
_
  Implements IDataRecord.GetBytes

Syntax: C#

public long GetBytes(
inti,
longdataIndex,
byte[]buffer,
intbufferIndex,
intlength
);

Parameters

  • i: The zero-based column ordinal.

  • dataIndex: The index within the field from which to begin the read operation.

  • buffer: The buffer into which to read the stream of bytes.

  • bufferIndex: The index for buffer to begin the read operation.

  • length: The maximum length to copy into the buffer.

Return Value

The actual number of bytes read.

Implements

IDataRecord.GetBytes

See Also

MySqlDataReader Class , MySql.Data.MySqlClient Namespace

20.2.7.1.2.1.13.1.1.1.11. MySqlDataReader.GetChar Method

Gets the value of the specified column as a single character.

Syntax: Visual Basic

NotOverridable Public Function GetChar( _
   ByVal i As Integer _
) As Char _
_
  Implements IDataRecord.GetChar

Syntax: C#

public char GetChar(
inti
);

Parameters

  • i:

Return Value

Implements

IDataRecord.GetChar

See Also

MySqlDataReader Class , MySql.Data.MySqlClient Namespace

20.2.7.1.2.1.13.1.1.1.12. MySqlDataReader.GetChars Method

Reads a stream of characters from the specified column offset into the buffer as an array starting at the given buffer offset.

Syntax: Visual Basic

NotOverridable Public Function GetChars( _
   ByVal i As Integer, _
   ByVal fieldOffset As Long, _
   ByVal buffer As Char(), _
   ByVal bufferoffset As Integer, _
   ByVal length As Integer _
) As Long _
_
  Implements IDataRecord.GetChars

Syntax: C#

public long GetChars(
inti,
longfieldOffset,
char[]buffer,
intbufferoffset,
intlength
);

Parameters

  • i:

  • fieldOffset:

  • buffer:

  • bufferoffset:

  • length:

Return Value

Implements

IDataRecord.GetChars

See Also

MySqlDataReader Class , MySql.Data.MySqlClient Namespace

20.2.7.1.2.1.13.1.1.1.13. MySqlDataReader.GetDataTypeName Method

Gets the name of the source data type.

Syntax: Visual Basic

NotOverridable Public Function GetDataTypeName( _
   ByVal i As Integer _
) As String _
_
  Implements IDataRecord.GetDataTypeName

Syntax: C#

public string GetDataTypeName(
inti
);

Parameters

  • i:

Return Value

Implements

IDataRecord.GetDataTypeName

See Also

MySqlDataReader Class , MySql.Data.MySqlClient Namespace

20.2.7.1.2.1.13.1.1.1.14. MySqlDataReader.GetDateTime Method

Syntax: Visual Basic

NotOverridable Public Function GetDateTime( _
   ByVal index As Integer _
) As Date _
_
  Implements IDataRecord.GetDateTime

Syntax: C#

public DateTime GetDateTime(
intindex
);

Implements

IDataRecord.GetDateTime

See Also

MySqlDataReader Class , MySql.Data.MySqlClient Namespace

20.2.7.1.2.1.13.1.1.1.15. MySqlDataReader.GetDecimal Method

Syntax: Visual Basic

NotOverridable Public Function GetDecimal( _
   ByVal index As Integer _
) As Decimal _
_
  Implements IDataRecord.GetDecimal

Syntax: C#

public decimal GetDecimal(
intindex
);

Implements

IDataRecord.GetDecimal

See Also

MySqlDataReader Class , MySql.Data.MySqlClient Namespace

20.2.7.1.2.1.13.1.1.1.16. MySqlDataReader.GetDouble Method

Syntax: Visual Basic

NotOverridable Public Function GetDouble( _
   ByVal index As Integer _
) As Double _
_
  Implements IDataRecord.GetDouble

Syntax: C#

public double GetDouble(
intindex
);

Implements

IDataRecord.GetDouble

See Also

MySqlDataReader Class , MySql.Data.MySqlClient Namespace

20.2.7.1.2.1.13.1.1.1.17. MySqlDataReader.GetFieldType Method

Gets the Type that is the data type of the object.

Syntax: Visual Basic

NotOverridable Public Function GetFieldType( _
   ByVal i As Integer _
) As Type _
_
  Implements IDataRecord.GetFieldType

Syntax: C#

public Type GetFieldType(
inti
);

Parameters

  • i:

Return Value

Implements

IDataRecord.GetFieldType

See Also

MySqlDataReader Class , MySql.Data.MySqlClient Namespace

20.2.7.1.2.1.13.1.1.1.18. MySqlDataReader.GetFloat Method

Syntax: Visual Basic

NotOverridable Public Function GetFloat( _
   ByVal index As Integer _
) As Single _
_
  Implements IDataRecord.GetFloat

Syntax: C#

public float GetFloat(
intindex
);

Implements

IDataRecord.GetFloat

See Also

MySqlDataReader Class , MySql.Data.MySqlClient Namespace

20.2.7.1.2.1.13.1.1.1.19. MySqlDataReader.GetGuid Method

Syntax: Visual Basic

NotOverridable Public Function GetGuid( _
   ByVal index As Integer _
) As Guid _
_
  Implements IDataRecord.GetGuid

Syntax: C#

public Guid GetGuid(
intindex
);

Implements

IDataRecord.GetGuid

See Also

MySqlDataReader Class , MySql.Data.MySqlClient Namespace

20.2.7.1.2.1.13.1.1.1.20. MySqlDataReader.GetInt16 Method

Syntax: Visual Basic

NotOverridable Public Function GetInt16( _
   ByVal index As Integer _
) As Short _
_
  Implements IDataRecord.GetInt16

Syntax: C#

public short GetInt16(
intindex
);

Implements

IDataRecord.GetInt16

See Also

MySqlDataReader Class , MySql.Data.MySqlClient Namespace

20.2.7.1.2.1.13.1.1.1.21. MySqlDataReader.GetInt32 Method

Syntax: Visual Basic

NotOverridable Public Function GetInt32( _
   ByVal index As Integer _
) As Integer _
_
  Implements IDataRecord.GetInt32

Syntax: C#

public int GetInt32(
intindex
);

Implements

IDataRecord.GetInt32

See Also

MySqlDataReader Class , MySql.Data.MySqlClient Namespace

20.2.7.1.2.1.13.1.1.1.22. MySqlDataReader.GetInt64 Method

Syntax: Visual Basic

NotOverridable Public Function GetInt64( _
   ByVal index As Integer _
) As Long _
_
  Implements IDataRecord.GetInt64

Syntax: C#

public long GetInt64(
intindex
);

Implements

IDataRecord.GetInt64

See Also

MySqlDataReader Class , MySql.Data.MySqlClient Namespace

20.2.7.1.2.1.13.1.1.1.23. MySqlDataReader.GetMySqlDateTime Method

Syntax: Visual Basic

Public Function GetMySqlDateTime( _
   ByVal index As Integer _
) As MySqlDateTime

Syntax: C#

public MySqlDateTime GetMySqlDateTime(
intindex
);

See Also

MySqlDataReader Class , MySql.Data.MySqlClient Namespace

20.2.7.1.2.1.13.1.1.1.24. MySqlDataReader.GetName Method

Gets the name of the specified column.

Syntax: Visual Basic

NotOverridable Public Function GetName( _
   ByVal i As Integer _
) As String _
_
  Implements IDataRecord.GetName

Syntax: C#

public string GetName(
inti
);

Parameters

  • i:

Return Value

Implements

IDataRecord.GetName

See Also

MySqlDataReader Class , MySql.Data.MySqlClient Namespace

20.2.7.1.2.1.13.1.1.1.25. MySqlDataReader.GetOrdinal Method

Gets the column ordinal, given the name of the column.

Syntax: Visual Basic

NotOverridable Public Function GetOrdinal( _
   ByVal name As String _
) As Integer _
_
  Implements IDataRecord.GetOrdinal

Syntax: C#

public int GetOrdinal(
stringname
);

Parameters

  • name:

Return Value

Implements

IDataRecord.GetOrdinal

See Also

MySqlDataReader Class , MySql.Data.MySqlClient Namespace

20.2.7.1.2.1.13.1.1.1.26. MySqlDataReader.GetSchemaTable Method

Returns a DataTable that describes the column metadata of the MySqlDataReader.

Syntax: Visual Basic

NotOverridable Public Function GetSchemaTable() As DataTable _
_
  Implements IDataReader.GetSchemaTable

Syntax: C#

public DataTable GetSchemaTable();

Return Value

Implements

IDataReader.GetSchemaTable

See Also

MySqlDataReader Class , MySql.Data.MySqlClient Namespace

20.2.7.1.2.1.13.1.1.1.27. MySqlDataReader.GetString Method

Syntax: Visual Basic

NotOverridable Public Function GetString( _
   ByVal index As Integer _
) As String _
_
  Implements IDataRecord.GetString

Syntax: C#

public string GetString(
intindex
);

Implements

IDataRecord.GetString

See Also

MySqlDataReader Class , MySql.Data.MySqlClient Namespace

20.2.7.1.2.1.13.1.1.1.28. MySqlDataReader.GetTimeSpan Method

Syntax: Visual Basic

Public Function GetTimeSpan( _
   ByVal index As Integer _
) As TimeSpan

Syntax: C#

public TimeSpan GetTimeSpan(
intindex
);

See Also

MySqlDataReader Class , MySql.Data.MySqlClient Namespace

20.2.7.1.2.1.13.1.1.1.29. MySqlDataReader.GetUInt16 Method

Syntax: Visual Basic

Public Function GetUInt16( _
   ByVal index As Integer _
) As UInt16

Syntax: C#

public ushort GetUInt16(
intindex
);

See Also

MySqlDataReader Class , MySql.Data.MySqlClient Namespace

20.2.7.1.2.1.13.1.1.1.30. MySqlDataReader.GetUInt32 Method

Syntax: Visual Basic

Public Function GetUInt32( _
   ByVal index As Integer _
) As UInt32

Syntax: C#

public uint GetUInt32(
intindex
);

See Also

MySqlDataReader Class , MySql.Data.MySqlClient Namespace

20.2.7.1.2.1.13.1.1.1.31. MySqlDataReader.GetUInt64 Method

Syntax: Visual Basic

Public Function GetUInt64( _
   ByVal index As Integer _
) As UInt64

Syntax: C#

public ulong GetUInt64(
intindex
);

See Also

MySqlDataReader Class , MySql.Data.MySqlClient Namespace

20.2.7.1.2.1.13.1.1.1.32. MySqlDataReader.GetValue Method

Gets the value of the specified column in its native format.

Syntax: Visual Basic

NotOverridable Public Function GetValue( _
   ByVal i As Integer _
) As Object _
_
  Implements IDataRecord.GetValue

Syntax: C#

public object GetValue(
inti
);

Parameters

  • i:

Return Value

Implements

IDataRecord.GetValue

See Also

MySqlDataReader Class , MySql.Data.MySqlClient Namespace

20.2.7.1.2.1.13.1.1.1.33. MySqlDataReader.GetValues Method

Gets all attribute columns in the collection for the current row.

Syntax: Visual Basic

NotOverridable Public Function GetValues( _
   ByVal values As Object() _
) As Integer _
_
  Implements IDataRecord.GetValues

Syntax: C#

public int GetValues(
object[]values
);

Parameters

  • values:

Return Value

Implements

IDataRecord.GetValues

See Also

MySqlDataReader Class , MySql.Data.MySqlClient Namespace

20.2.7.1.2.1.13.1.1.1.34. MySqlDataReader.IsDBNull Method

Gets a value indicating whether the column contains non-existent or missing values.

Syntax: Visual Basic

NotOverridable Public Function IsDBNull( _
   ByVal i As Integer _
) As Boolean _
_
  Implements IDataRecord.IsDBNull

Syntax: C#

public bool IsDBNull(
inti
);

Parameters

  • i:

Return Value

Implements

IDataRecord.IsDBNull

See Also

MySqlDataReader Class , MySql.Data.MySqlClient Namespace

20.2.7.1.2.1.13.1.1.1.35. MySqlDataReader.NextResult Method

Advances the data reader to the next result, when reading the results of batch SQL statements.

Syntax: Visual Basic

NotOverridable Public Function NextResult() As Boolean _
_
  Implements IDataReader.NextResult

Syntax: C#

public bool NextResult();

Return Value

Implements

IDataReader.NextResult

See Also

MySqlDataReader Class , MySql.Data.MySqlClient Namespace

20.2.7.1.2.1.13.1.1.1.36. MySqlDataReader.Read Method

Advances the MySqlDataReader to the next record.

Syntax: Visual Basic

NotOverridable Public Function Read() As Boolean _
_
  Implements IDataReader.Read

Syntax: C#

public bool Read();

Return Value

Implements

IDataReader.Read

See Also

MySqlDataReader Class , MySql.Data.MySqlClient Namespace

20.2.7.1.2.1.13.2. MySqlCommand.ExecuteReader Method

Syntax: Visual Basic

Overloads Public Function ExecuteReader( _
   ByVal behavior As CommandBehavior _
) As MySqlDataReader

Syntax: C#

public MySqlDataReader ExecuteReader(
CommandBehaviorbehavior
);

See Also

MySqlCommand Class , MySql.Data.MySqlClient Namespace , MySqlCommand.ExecuteReader Overload List

20.2.7.1.2.1.14. MySqlCommand.ExecuteScalar Method

Syntax: Visual Basic

NotOverridable Public Function ExecuteScalar() As Object _
_
  Implements IDbCommand.ExecuteScalar

Syntax: C#

public object ExecuteScalar();

Implements

IDbCommand.ExecuteScalar

See Also

MySqlCommand Class , MySql.Data.MySqlClient Namespace

20.2.7.1.2.1.15. MySqlCommand.Prepare Method

Syntax: Visual Basic

NotOverridable Public Sub Prepare() _
_
  Implements IDbCommand.Prepare

Syntax: C#

public void Prepare();

Implements

IDbCommand.Prepare

See Also

MySqlCommand Class , MySql.Data.MySqlClient Namespace

20.2.7.1.3. MySqlCommandBuilder Class

For a list of all members of this type, see MySqlCommandBuilder Members .

Syntax: Visual Basic

NotInheritable Public Class MySqlCommandBuilder_
  Inherits Component

Syntax: C#

public sealed class MySqlCommandBuilder : Component

Thread Safety

Public static (Sharedin Visual Basic) members of this type are safe for multithreaded operations. Instance members are notguaranteed to be thread-safe.

Requirements

Namespace: MySql.Data.MySqlClient

Assembly: MySql.Data (in MySql.Data.dll)

See Also

MySqlCommandBuilder Members , MySql.Data.MySqlClient Namespace

20.2.7.1.3.1. MySqlCommandBuilder Members

MySqlCommandBuilder overview

Public Static (Shared) Methods

DeriveParametersOverloaded. Retrieves parameter information from the stored procedure specified in the MySqlCommand and populates the Parameters collection of the specified MySqlCommand object. This method is not currently supported since stored procedures are not available in MySql.

Public Instance Constructors

MySqlCommandBuilderOverloaded. Initializes a new instance of the MySqlCommandBuilder class.

Public Instance Properties

Container(inherited from Component)Gets the IContainerthat contains the Component.
DataAdapter 
QuotePrefix 
QuoteSuffix 
Site(inherited from Component)Gets or sets the ISiteof the Component.

Public Instance Methods

CreateObjRef(inherited from MarshalByRefObject)Creates an object that contains all the relevant information required to generate a proxy used to communicate with a remote object.
Dispose(inherited from Component)Releases all resources used by the Component.
Equals(inherited from Object)Determines whether the specified Objectis equal to the current Object.
GetDeleteCommand 
GetHashCode(inherited from Object)Serves as a hash function for a particular type. GetHashCodeis suitable for use in hashing algorithms and data structures like a hash table.
GetInsertCommand 
GetLifetimeService(inherited from MarshalByRefObject)Retrieves the current lifetime service object that controls the lifetime policy for this instance.
GetType(inherited from Object)Gets the Typeof the current instance.
GetUpdateCommand 
InitializeLifetimeService(inherited from MarshalByRefObject)Obtains a lifetime service object to control the lifetime policy for this instance.
RefreshSchema 
ToString(inherited from Component)Returns a Stringcontaining the name of the Component, if any. This method should not be overridden.

Public Instance Events

Disposed(inherited from Component)Adds an event handler to listen to the Disposedevent on the component.

See Also

MySqlCommandBuilder Class , MySql.Data.MySqlClient Namespace

20.2.7.1.3.1.1. DeriveParameters Method

Retrieves parameter information from the stored procedure specified in the MySqlCommand and populates the Parameters collection of the specified MySqlCommand object. This method is not currently supported since stored procedures are not available in MySql.

Overload List

Retrieves parameter information from the stored procedure specified in the MySqlCommand and populates the Parameters collection of the specified MySqlCommand object. This method is not currently supported since stored procedures are not available in MySql.

See Also

MySqlCommandBuilder Class , MySql.Data.MySqlClient Namespace

20.2.7.1.3.1.1.1. MySqlCommandBuilder.DeriveParameters Method

Retrieves parameter information from the stored procedure specified in the MySqlCommand and populates the Parameters collection of the specified MySqlCommand object. This method is not currently supported since stored procedures are not available in MySql.

Syntax: Visual Basic

Overloads Public Shared Sub DeriveParameters( _
   ByVal command As MySqlCommand _
)

Syntax: C#

public static void DeriveParameters(
MySqlCommandcommand
);

Parameters

  • command: The MySqlCommand referencing the stored procedure from which the parameter information is to be derived. The derived parameters are added to the Parameters collection of the MySqlCommand.

Exceptions

Exception TypeCondition
InvalidOperationExceptionThe command text is not a valid stored procedure name.

See Also

MySqlCommandBuilder Class , MySql.Data.MySqlClient Namespace , MySqlCommandBuilder.DeriveParameters Overload List

20.2.7.1.3.1.1.2. MySqlCommandBuilder.DeriveParameters Method

Syntax: Visual Basic

Overloads Public Shared Sub DeriveParameters( _
   ByVal command As MySqlCommand, _
   ByVal useProc As Boolean _
)

Syntax: C#

public static void DeriveParameters(
MySqlCommandcommand,
booluseProc
);

See Also

MySqlCommandBuilder Class , MySql.Data.MySqlClient Namespace , MySqlCommandBuilder.DeriveParameters Overload List

20.2.7.1.3.1.2. MySqlCommandBuilder Constructor

Initializes a new instance of the MySqlCommandBuilder class.

Overload List

Initializes a new instance of the MySqlCommandBuilder class.

See Also

MySqlCommandBuilder Class , MySql.Data.MySqlClient Namespace

20.2.7.1.3.1.2.1. MySqlCommandBuilder Constructor

Initializes a new instance of the MySqlCommandBuilder class.

Syntax: Visual Basic

Overloads Public Sub New()

Syntax: C#

public MySqlCommandBuilder();

See Also

MySqlCommandBuilder Class , MySql.Data.MySqlClient Namespace , MySqlCommandBuilder Constructor Overload List

20.2.7.1.3.1.2.2. MySqlCommandBuilder Constructor

Syntax: Visual Basic

Overloads Public Sub New( _
   ByVal adapter As MySqlDataAdapter _
)

Syntax: C#

public MySqlCommandBuilder(
MySqlDataAdapteradapter
);

See Also

MySqlCommandBuilder Class , MySql.Data.MySqlClient Namespace , MySqlCommandBuilder Constructor Overload List

20.2.7.1.3.1.2.2.1. MySqlDataAdapter Class

For a list of all members of this type, see MySqlDataAdapter Members .

Syntax: Visual Basic

NotInheritable Public Class MySqlDataAdapter_
  Inherits DbDataAdapter

Syntax: C#

public sealed class MySqlDataAdapter : DbDataAdapter

Thread Safety

Public static (Sharedin Visual Basic) members of this type are safe for multithreaded operations. Instance members are notguaranteed to be thread-safe.

Requirements

Namespace: MySql.Data.MySqlClient

Assembly: MySql.Data (in MySql.Data.dll)

See Also

MySqlDataAdapter Members , MySql.Data.MySqlClient Namespace

20.2.7.1.3.1.2.2.1.1. MySqlDataAdapter Members

MySqlDataAdapter overview

Public Instance Constructors

MySqlDataAdapterOverloaded. Initializes a new instance of the MySqlDataAdapter class.

Public Instance Properties

AcceptChangesDuringFill(inherited from DataAdapter)Gets or sets a value indicating whether AcceptChangesis called on a DataRowafter it is added to the DataTableduring any of the Fill operations.
AcceptChangesDuringUpdate(inherited from DataAdapter)Gets or sets whether AcceptChangesis called during a Update.
Container(inherited from Component)Gets the IContainerthat contains the Component.
ContinueUpdateOnError(inherited from DataAdapter)Gets or sets a value that specifies whether to generate an exception when an error is encountered during a row update.
DeleteCommandOverloaded.
FillLoadOption(inherited from DataAdapter)Gets or sets the LoadOptionthat determines how the adapter fills the DataTablefrom the DbDataReader.
InsertCommandOverloaded.
MissingMappingAction(inherited from DataAdapter)Determines the action to take when incoming data does not have a matching table or column.
MissingSchemaAction(inherited from DataAdapter)Determines the action to take when existing DataSetschema does not match incoming data.
ReturnProviderSpecificTypes(inherited from DataAdapter)Gets or sets whether the Fillmethod should return provider-specific values or common CLS-compliant values.
SelectCommandOverloaded.
Site(inherited from Component)Gets or sets the ISiteof the Component.
TableMappings(inherited from DataAdapter)Gets a collection that provides the master mapping between a source table and a DataTable.
UpdateBatchSize(inherited from DbDataAdapter)Gets or sets a value that enables or disables batch processing support, and specifies the number of commands that can be executed in a batch.
UpdateCommandOverloaded.

Public Instance Methods

CreateObjRef(inherited from MarshalByRefObject)Creates an object that contains all the relevant information required to generate a proxy used to communicate with a remote object.
Dispose(inherited from Component)Releases all resources used by the Component.
Equals(inherited from Object)Determines whether the specified Objectis equal to the current Object.
Fill(inherited from DbDataAdapter)Overloaded. Adds or refreshes rows in the DataSetto match those in the data source using the DataSetname, and creates a DataTablenamed "Table."
FillSchema(inherited from DbDataAdapter)Overloaded. Configures the schema of the specified DataTablebased on the specified SchemaType.
GetFillParameters(inherited from DbDataAdapter)Gets the parameters set by the user when executing an SQL SELECT statement.
GetHashCode(inherited from Object)Serves as a hash function for a particular type. GetHashCodeis suitable for use in hashing algorithms and data structures like a hash table.
GetLifetimeService(inherited from MarshalByRefObject)Retrieves the current lifetime service object that controls the lifetime policy for this instance.
GetType(inherited from Object)Gets the Typeof the current instance.
InitializeLifetimeService(inherited from MarshalByRefObject)Obtains a lifetime service object to control the lifetime policy for this instance.
ResetFillLoadOption(inherited from DataAdapter)Resets FillLoadOptionto its default state and causes Fillto honor AcceptChangesDuringFill.
ShouldSerializeAcceptChangesDuringFill(inherited from DataAdapter)Determines whether the AcceptChangesDuringFillproperty should be persisted.
ShouldSerializeFillLoadOption(inherited from DataAdapter)Determines whether the FillLoadOptionproperty should be persisted.
ToString(inherited from Component)Returns a Stringcontaining the name of the Component, if any. This method should not be overridden.
Update(inherited from DbDataAdapter)Overloaded. Calls the respective INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE statements for each inserted, updated, or deleted row in the specified DataSet.

Public Instance Events

Disposed(inherited from Component)Adds an event handler to listen to the Disposedevent on the component.
FillError(inherited from DataAdapter)Returned when an error occurs during a fill operation.
RowUpdatedOccurs during Update after a command is executed against the data source. The attempt to update is made, so the event fires.
RowUpdatingOccurs during Update before a command is executed against the data source. The attempt to update is made, so the event fires.

Protected Internal Instance Properties

FillCommandBehavior(inherited from DbDataAdapter)Gets or sets the behavior of the command used to fill the data adapter.

See Also

MySqlDataAdapter Class , MySql.Data.MySqlClient Namespace

20.2.7.1.3.1.2.2.1.1.1. MySqlDataAdapter Constructor

Initializes a new instance of the MySqlDataAdapter class.

Overload List

Initializes a new instance of the MySqlDataAdapter class.

See Also

MySqlDataAdapter Class , MySql.Data.MySqlClient Namespace

20.2.7.1.3.1.2.2.1.1.1.1. MySqlDataAdapter Constructor

Initializes a new instance of the MySqlDataAdapter class.

Syntax: Visual Basic

Overloads Public Sub New()

Syntax: C#

public MySqlDataAdapter();

See Also

MySqlDataAdapter Class , MySql.Data.MySqlClient Namespace , MySqlDataAdapter Constructor Overload List

20.2.7.1.3.1.2.2.1.1.1.2. MySqlDataAdapter Constructor

Syntax: Visual Basic

Overloads Public Sub New( _
   ByVal selectCommand As MySqlCommand _
)

Syntax: C#

public MySqlDataAdapter(
MySqlCommandselectCommand
);

See Also

MySqlDataAdapter Class , MySql.Data.MySqlClient Namespace , MySqlDataAdapter Constructor Overload List

20.2.7.1.3.1.2.2.1.1.1.3. MySqlDataAdapter Constructor

Syntax: Visual Basic

Overloads Public Sub New( _
   ByVal selectCommandText As String, _
   ByVal connection As MySqlConnection _
)

Syntax: C#

public MySqlDataAdapter(
stringselectCommandText,
MySqlConnectionconnection
);

See Also

MySqlDataAdapter Class , MySql.Data.MySqlClient Namespace , MySqlDataAdapter Constructor Overload List

20.2.7.1.3.1.2.2.1.1.1.4. MySqlDataAdapter Constructor

Syntax: Visual Basic

Overloads Public Sub New( _
   ByVal selectCommandText As String, _
   ByVal selectConnString As String _
)

Syntax: C#

public MySqlDataAdapter(
stringselectCommandText,
stringselectConnString
);

See Also

MySqlDataAdapter Class , MySql.Data.MySqlClient Namespace , MySqlDataAdapter Constructor Overload List

20.2.7.1.3.1.2.2.1.1.2. DeleteCommand Property

Syntax: Visual Basic

Overloads Public Property DeleteCommand As MySqlCommand

Syntax: C#

new public MySqlCommand DeleteCommand {get; set;}

See Also

MySqlDataAdapter Class , MySql.Data.MySqlClient Namespace

20.2.7.1.3.1.2.2.1.1.3. InsertCommand Property

Syntax: Visual Basic

Overloads Public Property InsertCommand As MySqlCommand

Syntax: C#

new public MySqlCommand InsertCommand {get; set;}

See Also

MySqlDataAdapter Class , MySql.Data.MySqlClient Namespace

20.2.7.1.3.1.2.2.1.1.4. SelectCommand Property

Syntax: Visual Basic

Overloads Public Property SelectCommand As MySqlCommand

Syntax: C#

new public MySqlCommand SelectCommand {get; set;}

See Also

MySqlDataAdapter Class , MySql.Data.MySqlClient Namespace

20.2.7.1.3.1.2.2.1.1.5. UpdateCommand Property

Syntax: Visual Basic

Overloads Public Property UpdateCommand As MySqlCommand

Syntax: C#

new public MySqlCommand UpdateCommand {get; set;}

See Also

MySqlDataAdapter Class , MySql.Data.MySqlClient Namespace

20.2.7.1.3.1.2.2.1.1.6. MySqlDataAdapter.RowUpdated Event

Occurs during Update after a command is executed against the data source. The attempt to update is made, so the event fires.

Syntax: Visual Basic

Public Event RowUpdated As MySqlRowUpdatedEventHandler

Syntax: C#

public event MySqlRowUpdatedEventHandler RowUpdated;

Event Data

The event handler receives an argument of type MySqlRowUpdatedEventArgs containing data related to this event. The following MySqlRowUpdatedEventArgsproperties provide information specific to this event.

PropertyDescription
CommandGets or sets the MySqlCommand executed when Update is called.
ErrorsGets any errors generated by the .NET Framework data provider when the Commandwas executed.
RecordsAffectedGets the number of rows changed, inserted, or deleted by execution of the SQL statement.
RowGets the DataRowsent through an Update.
RowCountGets the number of rows processed in a batch of updated records.
StatementTypeGets the type of SQL statement executed.
StatusGets the UpdateStatusof the Commandproperty.
TableMappingGets the DataTableMappingsent through an Update.

See Also

MySqlDataAdapter Class , MySql.Data.MySqlClient Namespace

20.2.7.1.3.1.2.2.1.1.6.1. MySqlRowUpdatedEventHandler Delegate

Represents the method that will handle the RowUpdatedevent of a MySqlDataAdapter .

Syntax: Visual Basic

Public Delegate Sub MySqlRowUpdatedEventHandler( _
   ByVal sender As Object, _
   ByVal e As MySqlRowUpdatedEventArgs _
)

Syntax: C#

public delegate void MySqlRowUpdatedEventHandler(
objectsender,
MySqlRowUpdatedEventArgse
);

Requirements

Namespace: MySql.Data.MySqlClient

Assembly: MySql.Data (in MySql.Data.dll)

See Also

MySql.Data.MySqlClient Namespace

20.2.7.1.3.1.2.2.1.1.6.1.1. MySqlRowUpdatedEventArgs Class

Provides data for the RowUpdated event. This class cannot be inherited.

For a list of all members of this type, see MySqlRowUpdatedEventArgs Members .

Syntax: Visual Basic

NotInheritable Public Class MySqlRowUpdatedEventArgs_
  Inherits RowUpdatedEventArgs

Syntax: C#

public sealed class MySqlRowUpdatedEventArgs : RowUpdatedEventArgs

Thread Safety

Public static (Sharedin Visual Basic) members of this type are safe for multithreaded operations. Instance members are notguaranteed to be thread-safe.

Requirements

Namespace: MySql.Data.MySqlClient

Assembly: MySql.Data (in MySql.Data.dll)

See Also

MySqlRowUpdatedEventArgs Members , MySql.Data.MySqlClient Namespace

20.2.7.1.3.1.2.2.1.1.6.1.1.1. MySqlRowUpdatedEventArgs Members

MySqlRowUpdatedEventArgs overview

Public Instance Constructors

MySqlRowUpdatedEventArgs ConstructorInitializes a new instance of the MySqlRowUpdatedEventArgs class.

Public Instance Properties

CommandOverloaded. Gets or sets the MySqlCommand executed when Update is called.
Errors(inherited from RowUpdatedEventArgs)Gets any errors generated by the .NET Framework data provider when the Commandwas executed.
RecordsAffected(inherited from RowUpdatedEventArgs)Gets the number of rows changed, inserted, or deleted by execution of the SQL statement.
Row(inherited from RowUpdatedEventArgs)Gets the DataRowsent through an Update.
RowCount(inherited from RowUpdatedEventArgs)Gets the number of rows processed in a batch of updated records.
StatementType(inherited from RowUpdatedEventArgs)Gets the type of SQL statement executed.
Status(inherited from RowUpdatedEventArgs)Gets the UpdateStatusof the Commandproperty.
TableMapping(inherited from RowUpdatedEventArgs)Gets the DataTableMappingsent through an Update.

Public Instance Methods

CopyToRows(inherited from RowUpdatedEventArgs)Overloaded. Copies references to the modified rows into the provided array.
Equals(inherited from Object)Determines whether the specified Objectis equal to the current Object.
GetHashCode(inherited from Object)Serves as a hash function for a particular type. GetHashCodeis suitable for use in hashing algorithms and data structures like a hash table.
GetType(inherited from Object)Gets the Typeof the current instance.
ToString(inherited from Object)Returns a Stringthat represents the current Object.

See Also

MySqlRowUpdatedEventArgs Class , MySql.Data.MySqlClient Namespace

20.2.7.1.3.1.2.2.1.1.6.1.1.1.1. MySqlRowUpdatedEventArgs Constructor

Initializes a new instance of the MySqlRowUpdatedEventArgs class.

Syntax: Visual Basic

Public Sub New( _
   ByVal row As DataRow, _
   ByVal command As IDbCommand, _
   ByVal statementType As StatementType, _
   ByVal tableMapping As DataTableMapping _
)

Syntax: C#

public MySqlRowUpdatedEventArgs(
DataRowrow,
IDbCommandcommand,
StatementTypestatementType,
DataTableMappingtableMapping
);

Parameters

  • row: The DataRowsent through an Update.

  • command: The IDbCommandexecuted when Updateis called.

  • statementType: One of the StatementTypevalues that specifies the type of query executed.

  • tableMapping: The DataTableMappingsent through an Update.

See Also

MySqlRowUpdatedEventArgs Class , MySql.Data.MySqlClient Namespace

20.2.7.1.3.1.2.2.1.1.6.1.1.1.2. Command Property

Gets or sets the MySqlCommand executed when Update is called.

Syntax: Visual Basic

Overloads Public ReadOnly Property Command As MySqlCommand

Syntax: C#

new public MySqlCommand Command {get;}

See Also

MySqlRowUpdatedEventArgs Class , MySql.Data.MySqlClient Namespace

20.2.7.1.3.1.2.2.1.1.7. MySqlDataAdapter.RowUpdating Event

Occurs during Update before a command is executed against the data source. The attempt to update is made, so the event fires.

Syntax: Visual Basic

Public Event RowUpdating As MySqlRowUpdatingEventHandler

Syntax: C#

public event MySqlRowUpdatingEventHandler RowUpdating;

Event Data

The event handler receives an argument of type MySqlRowUpdatingEventArgs containing data related to this event. The following MySqlRowUpdatingEventArgsproperties provide information specific to this event.

PropertyDescription
CommandGets or sets the MySqlCommand to execute when performing the Update.
ErrorsGets any errors generated by the .NET Framework data provider when the Commandexecutes.
RowGets the DataRowthat will be sent to the server as part of an insert, update, or delete operation.
StatementTypeGets the type of SQL statement to execute.
StatusGets or sets the UpdateStatusof the Commandproperty.
TableMappingGets the DataTableMappingto send through the Update.

See Also

MySqlDataAdapter Class , MySql.Data.MySqlClient Namespace

20.2.7.1.3.1.2.2.1.1.7.1. MySqlRowUpdatingEventHandler Delegate

Represents the method that will handle the RowUpdatingevent of a MySqlDataAdapter .

Syntax: Visual Basic

Public Delegate Sub MySqlRowUpdatingEventHandler( _
   ByVal sender As Object, _
   ByVal e As MySqlRowUpdatingEventArgs _
)

Syntax: C#

public delegate void MySqlRowUpdatingEventHandler(
objectsender,
MySqlRowUpdatingEventArgse
);

Requirements

Namespace: MySql.Data.MySqlClient

Assembly: MySql.Data (in MySql.Data.dll)

See Also

MySql.Data.MySqlClient Namespace

20.2.7.1.3.1.2.2.1.1.7.1.1. MySqlRowUpdatingEventArgs Class

Provides data for the RowUpdating event. This class cannot be inherited.

For a list of all members of this type, see MySqlRowUpdatingEventArgs Members .

Syntax: Visual Basic

NotInheritable Public Class MySqlRowUpdatingEventArgs_
  Inherits RowUpdatingEventArgs

Syntax: C#

public sealed class MySqlRowUpdatingEventArgs : RowUpdatingEventArgs

Thread Safety

Public static (Sharedin Visual Basic) members of this type are safe for multithreaded operations. Instance members are notguaranteed to be thread-safe.

Requirements

Namespace: MySql.Data.MySqlClient

Assembly: MySql.Data (in MySql.Data.dll)

See Also

MySqlRowUpdatingEventArgs Members , MySql.Data.MySqlClient Namespace

20.2.7.1.3.1.2.2.1.1.7.1.1.1. MySqlRowUpdatingEventArgs Members

MySqlRowUpdatingEventArgs overview

Public Instance Constructors

MySqlRowUpdatingEventArgs ConstructorInitializes a new instance of the MySqlRowUpdatingEventArgs class.

Public Instance Properties

CommandOverloaded. Gets or sets the MySqlCommand to execute when performing the Update.
Errors(inherited from RowUpdatingEventArgs)Gets any errors generated by the .NET Framework data provider when the Commandexecutes.
Row(inherited from RowUpdatingEventArgs)Gets the DataRowthat will be sent to the server as part of an insert, update, or delete operation.
StatementType(inherited from RowUpdatingEventArgs)Gets the type of SQL statement to execute.
Status(inherited from RowUpdatingEventArgs)Gets or sets the UpdateStatusof the Commandproperty.
TableMapping(inherited from RowUpdatingEventArgs)Gets the DataTableMappingto send through the Update.

Public Instance Methods

Equals(inherited from Object)Determines whether the specified Objectis equal to the current Object.
GetHashCode(inherited from Object)Serves as a hash function for a particular type. GetHashCodeis suitable for use in hashing algorithms and data structures like a hash table.
GetType(inherited from Object)Gets the Typeof the current instance.
ToString(inherited from Object)Returns a Stringthat represents the current Object.

See Also

MySqlRowUpdatingEventArgs Class , MySql.Data.MySqlClient Namespace

20.2.7.1.3.1.2.2.1.1.7.1.1.1.1. MySqlRowUpdatingEventArgs Constructor

Initializes a new instance of the MySqlRowUpdatingEventArgs class.

Syntax: Visual Basic

Public Sub New( _
   ByVal row As DataRow, _
   ByVal command As IDbCommand, _
   ByVal statementType As StatementType, _
   ByVal tableMapping As DataTableMapping _
)

Syntax: C#

public MySqlRowUpdatingEventArgs(
DataRowrow,
IDbCommandcommand,
StatementTypestatementType,
DataTableMappingtableMapping
);

Parameters

  • row: The DataRowto Update.

  • command: The IDbCommandto execute during Update.

  • statementType: One of the StatementTypevalues that specifies the type of query executed.

  • tableMapping: The DataTableMappingsent through an Update.

See Also

MySqlRowUpdatingEventArgs Class , MySql.Data.MySqlClient Namespace

20.2.7.1.3.1.2.2.1.1.7.1.1.1.2. Command Property

Gets or sets the MySqlCommand to execute when performing the Update.

Syntax: Visual Basic

Overloads Public Property Command As MySqlCommand

Syntax: C#

new public MySqlCommand Command {get; set;}

See Also

MySqlRowUpdatingEventArgs Class , MySql.Data.MySqlClient Namespace

20.2.7.1.3.1.2.3. MySqlCommandBuilder Constructor

Syntax: Visual Basic

Overloads Public Sub New( _
   ByVal adapter As MySqlDataAdapter, _
   ByVal lastOneWins As Boolean _
)

Syntax: C#

public MySqlCommandBuilder(
MySqlDataAdapteradapter,
boollastOneWins
);

See Also

MySqlCommandBuilder Class , MySql.Data.MySqlClient Namespace , MySqlCommandBuilder Constructor Overload List

20.2.7.1.3.1.2.4. MySqlCommandBuilder Constructor

Syntax: Visual Basic

Overloads Public Sub New( _
   ByVal lastOneWins As Boolean _
)

Syntax: C#

public MySqlCommandBuilder(
boollastOneWins
);

See Also

MySqlCommandBuilder Class , MySql.Data.MySqlClient Namespace , MySqlCommandBuilder Constructor Overload List

20.2.7.1.3.1.3. DataAdapter Property

Syntax: Visual Basic

Public Property DataAdapter As MySqlDataAdapter

Syntax: C#

public MySqlDataAdapter DataAdapter {get; set;}

See Also

MySqlCommandBuilder Class , MySql.Data.MySqlClient Namespace

20.2.7.1.3.1.4. QuotePrefix Property

Syntax: Visual Basic

Public Property QuotePrefix As String

Syntax: C#

public string QuotePrefix {get; set;}

See Also

MySqlCommandBuilder Class , MySql.Data.MySqlClient Namespace

20.2.7.1.3.1.5. QuoteSuffix Property

Syntax: Visual Basic

Public Property QuoteSuffix As String

Syntax: C#

public string QuoteSuffix {get; set;}

See Also

MySqlCommandBuilder Class , MySql.Data.MySqlClient Namespace

20.2.7.1.3.1.6. MySqlCommandBuilder.GetDeleteCommand Method

Syntax: Visual Basic

Public Function GetDeleteCommand() As MySqlCommand

Syntax: C#

public MySqlCommand GetDeleteCommand();

See Also

MySqlCommandBuilder Class , MySql.Data.MySqlClient Namespace

20.2.7.1.3.1.7. MySqlCommandBuilder.GetInsertCommand Method

Syntax: Visual Basic

Public Function GetInsertCommand() As MySqlCommand

Syntax: C#

public MySqlCommand GetInsertCommand();

See Also

MySqlCommandBuilder Class , MySql.Data.MySqlClient Namespace

20.2.7.1.3.1.8. MySqlCommandBuilder.GetUpdateCommand Method

Syntax: Visual Basic

Public Function GetUpdateCommand() As MySqlCommand

Syntax: C#

public MySqlCommand GetUpdateCommand();

See Also

MySqlCommandBuilder Class , MySql.Data.MySqlClient Namespace

20.2.7.1.3.1.9. MySqlCommandBuilder.RefreshSchema Method

Syntax: Visual Basic

Public Sub RefreshSchema()

Syntax: C#

public void RefreshSchema();

See Also

MySqlCommandBuilder Class , MySql.Data.MySqlClient Namespace

20.2.7.1.4. MySqlException Class

The exception that is thrown when MySQL returns an error. This class cannot be inherited.

For a list of all members of this type, see MySqlException Members .

Syntax: Visual Basic

NotInheritable Public Class MySqlException_
  Inherits SystemException

Syntax: C#

public sealed class MySqlException : SystemException

Thread Safety

Public static (Sharedin Visual Basic) members of this type are safe for multithreaded operations. Instance members are notguaranteed to be thread-safe.

Requirements

Namespace: MySql.Data.MySqlClient

Assembly: MySql.Data (in MySql.Data.dll)

See Also

MySqlException Members , MySql.Data.MySqlClient Namespace

20.2.7.1.4.1. MySqlException Members

MySqlException overview

Public Instance Properties

Data(inherited from Exception)Gets a collection of key/value pairs that provide additional, user-defined information about the exception.
HelpLink(inherited from Exception)Gets or sets a link to the help file associated with this exception.
InnerException(inherited from Exception)Gets the Exceptioninstance that caused the current exception.
Message(inherited from Exception)Gets a message that describes the current exception.
NumberGets a number that identifies the type of error. This number corresponds to the error numbers given in Section B.3, “Server Error Codes and Messages”.
Source(inherited from Exception)Gets or sets the name of the application or the object that causes the error.
StackTrace(inherited from Exception)Gets a string representation of the frames on the call stack at the time the current exception was thrown.
TargetSite(inherited from Exception)Gets the method that throws the current exception.

Public Instance Methods

Equals(inherited from Object)Determines whether the specified Objectis equal to the current Object.
GetBaseException(inherited from Exception)When overridden in a derived class, returns the Exceptionthat is the root cause of one or more subsequent exceptions.
GetHashCode(inherited from Object)Serves as a hash function for a particular type. GetHashCodeis suitable for use in hashing algorithms and data structures like a hash table.
GetObjectData(inherited from Exception)When overridden in a derived class, sets the SerializationInfowith information about the exception.
GetType(inherited from Exception)Gets the runtime type of the current instance.
ToString(inherited from Exception)Creates and returns a string representation of the current exception.

See Also

MySqlException Class , MySql.Data.MySqlClient Namespace

20.2.7.1.4.1.1. Number Property

Gets a number that identifies the type of error.

Syntax: Visual Basic

Public ReadOnly Property Number As Integer

Syntax: C#

public int Number {get;}

See Also

MySqlException Class , MySql.Data.MySqlClient Namespace

20.2.7.1.5. MySqlHelper Class

Helper class that makes it easier to work with the provider.

For a list of all members of this type, see MySqlHelper Members .

Syntax: Visual Basic

NotInheritable Public Class MySqlHelper

Syntax: C#

public sealed class MySqlHelper

Thread Safety

Public static (Shared in Visual Basic) members of this type are safe for multithreaded operations. Instance members are not guaranteed to be thread-safe.

Requirements

Namespace: MySql.Data.MySqlClient

Assembly: MySql.Data (in MySql.Data.dll)

See Also

MySqlHelper Members , MySql.Data.MySqlClient Namespace

20.2.7.1.5.1. MySqlHelper Members

MySqlHelper overview

Public Static (Shared) Methods

ExecuteDataRowExecutes a single SQL statement and returns the first row of the resultset. A new MySqlConnection object is created, opened, and closed during this method.
ExecuteDatasetOverloaded. Executes a single SQL statement and returns the resultset in a DataSet. A new MySqlConnection object is created, opened, and closed during this method.
ExecuteNonQueryOverloaded. Executes a single command against a MySQL database. The MySqlConnection is assumed to be open when the method is called and remains open after the method completes.
ExecuteReaderOverloaded. Executes a single command against a MySQL database.
ExecuteScalarOverloaded. Execute a single command against a MySQL database.
UpdateDataSetUpdates the given table with data from the given DataSet

Public Instance Methods

Equals(inherited from Object)Determines whether the specified Objectis equal to the current Object.
GetHashCode(inherited from Object)Serves as a hash function for a particular type. GetHashCodeis suitable for use in hashing algorithms and data structures like a hash table.
GetType(inherited from Object)Gets the Typeof the current instance.
ToString(inherited from Object)Returns a Stringthat represents the current Object.

See Also

MySqlHelper Class , MySql.Data.MySqlClient Namespace

20.2.7.1.5.1.1. MySqlHelper.ExecuteDataRow Method

Executes a single SQL statement and returns the first row of the resultset. A new MySqlConnection object is created, opened, and closed during this method.

Syntax: Visual Basic

Public Shared Function ExecuteDataRow( _
   ByVal connectionString As String, _
   ByVal commandText As String, _
   ParamArray parms As MySqlParameter() _
) As DataRow

Syntax: C#

public static DataRow ExecuteDataRow(
stringconnectionString,
stringcommandText,
   params MySqlParameter[]parms
);

Parameters

  • connectionString: Settings to be used for the connection

  • commandText: Command to execute

  • parms: Parameters to use for the command

Return Value

DataRow containing the first row of the resultset

See Also

MySqlHelper Class , MySql.Data.MySqlClient Namespace

20.2.7.1.5.1.2. ExecuteDataset Method

Executes a single SQL statement and returns the resultset in a DataSet. The state of the MySqlConnection object remains unchanged after execution of this method.

Overload List

Executes a single SQL statement and returns the resultset in a DataSet. The state of the MySqlConnection object remains unchanged after execution of this method.

Executes a single SQL statement and returns the resultset in a DataSet. The state of the MySqlConnection object remains unchanged after execution of this method.

Executes a single SQL statement and returns the resultset in a DataSet. A new MySqlConnection object is created, opened, and closed during this method.

Executes a single SQL statement and returns the resultset in a DataSet. A new MySqlConnection object is created, opened, and closed during this method.

See Also

MySqlHelper Class , MySql.Data.MySqlClient Namespace

20.2.7.1.5.1.2.1. MySqlHelper.ExecuteDataset Method

Executes a single SQL statement and returns the resultset in a DataSet. The state of the MySqlConnection object remains unchanged after execution of this method.

Syntax: Visual Basic

Overloads Public Shared Function ExecuteDataset( _
   ByVal connection As MySqlConnection, _
   ByVal commandText As String _
) As DataSet

Syntax: C#

public static DataSet ExecuteDataset(
MySqlConnectionconnection,
stringcommandText
);

Parameters

  • connection: MySqlConnection object to use

  • commandText: Command to execute

Return Value

DataSetcontaining the resultset

See Also

MySqlHelper Class , MySql.Data.MySqlClient Namespace , MySqlHelper.ExecuteDataset Overload List

20.2.7.1.5.1.2.2. MySqlHelper.ExecuteDataset Method

Executes a single SQL statement and returns the resultset in a DataSet. The state of the MySqlConnection object remains unchanged after execution of this method.

Syntax: Visual Basic

Overloads Public Shared Function ExecuteDataset( _
   ByVal connection As MySqlConnection, _
   ByVal commandText As String, _
   ParamArray commandParameters As MySqlParameter() _
) As DataSet

Syntax: C#

public static DataSet ExecuteDataset(
MySqlConnectionconnection,
stringcommandText,
   params MySqlParameter[]commandParameters
);

Parameters

  • connection: MySqlConnection object to use

  • commandText: Command to execute

  • commandParameters: Parameters to use for the command

Return Value

DataSetcontaining the resultset

See Also

MySqlHelper Class , MySql.Data.MySqlClient Namespace , MySqlHelper.ExecuteDataset Overload List

20.2.7.1.5.1.2.3. MySqlHelper.ExecuteDataset Method

Executes a single SQL statement and returns the resultset in a DataSet. A new MySqlConnection object is created, opened, and closed during this method.

Syntax: Visual Basic

Overloads Public Shared Function ExecuteDataset( _
   ByVal connectionString As String, _
   ByVal commandText As String _
) As DataSet

Syntax: C#

public static DataSet ExecuteDataset(
stringconnectionString,
stringcommandText
);

Parameters

  • connectionString: Settings to be used for the connection

  • commandText: Command to execute

Return Value

DataSetcontaining the resultset

See Also

MySqlHelper Class , MySql.Data.MySqlClient Namespace , MySqlHelper.ExecuteDataset Overload List

20.2.7.1.5.1.2.4. MySqlHelper.ExecuteDataset Method

Executes a single SQL statement and returns the resultset in a DataSet. A new MySqlConnection object is created, opened, and closed during this method.

Syntax: Visual Basic

Overloads Public Shared Function ExecuteDataset( _
   ByVal connectionString As String, _
   ByVal commandText As String, _
   ParamArray commandParameters As MySqlParameter() _
) As DataSet

Syntax: C#

public static DataSet ExecuteDataset(
stringconnectionString,
stringcommandText,
   params MySqlParameter[]commandParameters
);

Parameters

  • connectionString: Settings to be used for the connection

  • commandText: Command to execute

  • commandParameters: Parameters to use for the command

Return Value

DataSetcontaining the resultset

See Also

MySqlHelper Class , MySql.Data.MySqlClient Namespace , MySqlHelper.ExecuteDataset Overload List

20.2.7.1.5.1.3. ExecuteNonQuery Method

Executes a single command against a MySQL database. The MySqlConnection is assumed to be open when the method is called and remains open after the method completes.

Overload List

Executes a single command against a MySQL database. The MySqlConnection is assumed to be open when the method is called and remains open after the method completes.

Executes a single command against a MySQL database. A new MySqlConnection is created using the ConnectionString given.

See Also

MySqlHelper Class , MySql.Data.MySqlClient Namespace

20.2.7.1.5.1.3.1. MySqlHelper.ExecuteNonQuery Method

Executes a single command against a MySQL database. The MySqlConnection is assumed to be open when the method is called and remains open after the method completes.

Syntax: Visual Basic

Overloads Public Shared Function ExecuteNonQuery( _
   ByVal connection As MySqlConnection, _
   ByVal commandText As String, _
   ParamArray commandParameters As MySqlParameter() _
) As Integer

Syntax: C#

public static int ExecuteNonQuery(
MySqlConnectionconnection,
stringcommandText,
   params MySqlParameter[]commandParameters
);

Parameters

  • connection: MySqlConnection object to use

  • commandText: SQL statement to be executed

  • commandParameters: Array of MySqlParameter objects to use with the command.

Return Value

See Also

MySqlHelper Class , MySql.Data.MySqlClient Namespace , MySqlHelper.ExecuteNonQuery Overload List

20.2.7.1.5.1.3.2. MySqlHelper.ExecuteNonQuery Method

Executes a single command against a MySQL database. A new MySqlConnection is created using the ConnectionString given.

Syntax: Visual Basic

Overloads Public Shared Function ExecuteNonQuery( _
   ByVal connectionString As String, _
   ByVal commandText As String, _
   ParamArray parms As MySqlParameter() _
) As Integer

Syntax: C#

public static int ExecuteNonQuery(
stringconnectionString,
stringcommandText,
   params MySqlParameter[]parms
);

Parameters

Return Value

See Also

MySqlHelper Class , MySql.Data.MySqlClient Namespace , MySqlHelper.ExecuteNonQuery Overload List

20.2.7.1.5.1.4. ExecuteReader Method

Executes a single command against a MySQL database.

Overload List

Executes a single command against a MySQL database.

Executes a single command against a MySQL database.

See Also

MySqlHelper Class , MySql.Data.MySqlClient Namespace

20.2.7.1.5.1.4.1. MySqlHelper.ExecuteReader Method

Executes a single command against a MySQL database.

Syntax: Visual Basic

Overloads Public Shared Function ExecuteReader( _
   ByVal connectionString As String, _
   ByVal commandText As String _
) As MySqlDataReader

Syntax: C#

public static MySqlDataReader ExecuteReader(
stringconnectionString,
stringcommandText
);

Parameters

  • connectionString: Settings to use for this command

  • commandText: Command text to use

Return Value

MySqlDataReader object ready to read the results of the command

See Also

MySqlHelper Class , MySql.Data.MySqlClient Namespace , MySqlHelper.ExecuteReader Overload List

20.2.7.1.5.1.4.2. MySqlHelper.ExecuteReader Method

Executes a single command against a MySQL database.

Syntax: Visual Basic

Overloads Public Shared Function ExecuteReader( _
   ByVal connectionString As String, _
   ByVal commandText As String, _
   ParamArray commandParameters As MySqlParameter() _
) As MySqlDataReader

Syntax: C#

public static MySqlDataReader ExecuteReader(
stringconnectionString,
stringcommandText,
   params MySqlParameter[]commandParameters
);

Parameters

  • connectionString: Settings to use for this command

  • commandText: Command text to use

  • commandParameters: Array of MySqlParameter objects to use with the command

Return Value

MySqlDataReader object ready to read the results of the command

See Also

MySqlHelper Class , MySql.Data.MySqlClient Namespace , MySqlHelper.ExecuteReader Overload List

20.2.7.1.5.1.5. ExecuteScalar Method

Execute a single command against a MySQL database.

Overload List

Execute a single command against a MySQL database.

Execute a single command against a MySQL database.

Execute a single command against a MySQL database.

Execute a single command against a MySQL database.

See Also

MySqlHelper Class , MySql.Data.MySqlClient Namespace

20.2.7.1.5.1.5.1. MySqlHelper.ExecuteScalar Method

Execute a single command against a MySQL database.

Syntax: Visual Basic

Overloads Public Shared Function ExecuteScalar( _
   ByVal connection As MySqlConnection, _
   ByVal commandText As String _
) As Object

Syntax: C#

public static object ExecuteScalar(
MySqlConnectionconnection,
stringcommandText
);

Parameters

  • connection: MySqlConnection object to use

  • commandText: Command text to use for the command

Return Value

The first column of the first row in the result set, or a null reference if the result set is empty.

See Also

MySqlHelper Class , MySql.Data.MySqlClient Namespace , MySqlHelper.ExecuteScalar Overload List

20.2.7.1.5.1.5.2. MySqlHelper.ExecuteScalar Method

Execute a single command against a MySQL database.

Syntax: Visual Basic

Overloads Public Shared Function ExecuteScalar( _
   ByVal connection As MySqlConnection, _
   ByVal commandText As String, _
   ParamArray commandParameters As MySqlParameter() _
) As Object

Syntax: C#

public static object ExecuteScalar(
MySqlConnectionconnection,
stringcommandText,
   params MySqlParameter[]commandParameters
);

Parameters

  • connection: MySqlConnection object to use

  • commandText: Command text to use for the command

  • commandParameters: Parameters to use for the command

Return Value

The first column of the first row in the result set, or a null reference if the result set is empty.

See Also

MySqlHelper Class , MySql.Data.MySqlClient Namespace , MySqlHelper.ExecuteScalar Overload List

20.2.7.1.5.1.5.3. MySqlHelper.ExecuteScalar Method

Execute a single command against a MySQL database.

Syntax: Visual Basic

Overloads Public Shared Function ExecuteScalar( _
   ByVal connectionString As String, _
   ByVal commandText As String _
) As Object

Syntax: C#

public static object ExecuteScalar(
stringconnectionString,
stringcommandText
);

Parameters

  • connectionString: Settings to use for the update

  • commandText: Command text to use for the update

Return Value

The first column of the first row in the result set, or a null reference if the result set is empty.

See Also

MySqlHelper Class , MySql.Data.MySqlClient Namespace , MySqlHelper.ExecuteScalar Overload List

20.2.7.1.5.1.5.4. MySqlHelper.ExecuteScalar Method

Execute a single command against a MySQL database.

Syntax: Visual Basic

Overloads Public Shared Function ExecuteScalar( _
   ByVal connectionString As String, _
   ByVal commandText As String, _
   ParamArray commandParameters As MySqlParameter() _
) As Object

Syntax: C#

public static object ExecuteScalar(
stringconnectionString,
stringcommandText,
   params MySqlParameter[]commandParameters
);

Parameters

  • connectionString: Settings to use for the command

  • commandText: Command text to use for the command

  • commandParameters: Parameters to use for the command

Return Value

The first column of the first row in the result set, or a null reference if the result set is empty.

See Also

MySqlHelper Class , MySql.Data.MySqlClient Namespace , MySqlHelper.ExecuteScalar Overload List

20.2.7.1.5.1.6. MySqlHelper.UpdateDataSet Method

Updates the given table with data from the given DataSet

Syntax: Visual Basic

Public Shared Sub UpdateDataSet( _
   ByVal connectionString As String, _
   ByVal commandText As String, _
   ByVal ds As DataSet, _
   ByVal tablename As String _
)

Syntax: C#

public static void UpdateDataSet(
stringconnectionString,
stringcommandText,
DataSetds,
stringtablename
);

Parameters

  • connectionString: Settings to use for the update

  • commandText: Command text to use for the update

  • ds: DataSetcontaining the new data to use in the update

  • tablename: Tablename in the data set to update

See Also

MySqlHelper Class , MySql.Data.MySqlClient Namespace

20.2.7.1.6. MySqlErrorCode Enumeration

Syntax: Visual Basic

Public Enum MySqlErrorCode

Syntax: C#

public enum MySqlErrorCode

Members

Member NameDescription
PacketTooLarge 
PasswordNotAllowed 
DuplicateKeyEntry 
HostNotPrivileged 
PasswordNoMatch 
AnonymousUser 
DuplicateKey 
KeyNotFound 
DuplicateKeyName 

Requirements

Namespace: MySql.Data.MySqlClient

Assembly: MySql.Data (in MySql.Data.dll)

See Also

MySql.Data.MySqlClient Namespace

20.2.7.2. MySql.Data.Types

Namespace hierarchy

Classes

ClassDescription
MySqlConversionExceptionSummary description for MySqlConversionException.
MySqlDateTimeSummary description for MySqlDateTime.
MySqlValue 
20.2.7.2.1. MySql.Data.TypesHierarchy

See Also

MySql.Data.Types Namespace

20.2.7.2.2. MySqlConversionException Class

Summary description for MySqlConversionException.

For a list of all members of this type, see MySqlConversionException Members .

Syntax: Visual Basic

Public Class MySqlConversionException_
  Inherits ApplicationException

Syntax: C#

public class MySqlConversionException : ApplicationException

Thread Safety

Public static (Sharedin Visual Basic) members of this type are safe for multithreaded operations. Instance members are notguaranteed to be thread-safe.

Requirements

Namespace: MySql.Data.Types

Assembly: MySql.Data (in MySql.Data.dll)

See Also

MySqlConversionException Members , MySql.Data.Types Namespace

20.2.7.2.2.1. MySqlConversionException Members

MySqlConversionException overview

Public Instance Constructors

Public Instance Properties

Data(inherited from Exception)Gets a collection of key/value pairs that provide additional, user-defined information about the exception.
HelpLink(inherited from Exception)Gets or sets a link to the help file associated with this exception.
InnerException(inherited from Exception)Gets the Exceptioninstance that caused the current exception.
Message(inherited from Exception)Gets a message that describes the current exception.
Source(inherited from Exception)Gets or sets the name of the application or the object that causes the error.
StackTrace(inherited from Exception)Gets a string representation of the frames on the call stack at the time the current exception was thrown.
TargetSite(inherited from Exception)Gets the method that throws the current exception.

Public Instance Methods

Equals(inherited from Object)Determines whether the specified Objectis equal to the current Object.
GetBaseException(inherited from Exception)When overridden in a derived class, returns the Exceptionthat is the root cause of one or more subsequent exceptions.
GetHashCode(inherited from Object)Serves as a hash function for a particular type. GetHashCodeis suitable for use in hashing algorithms and data structures like a hash table.
GetObjectData(inherited from Exception)When overridden in a derived class, sets the SerializationInfowith information about the exception.
GetType(inherited from Exception)Gets the runtime type of the current instance.
ToString(inherited from Exception)Creates and returns a string representation of the current exception.

Protected Instance Properties

HResult(inherited from Exception)Gets or sets HRESULT, a coded numerical value that is assigned to a specific exception.

Protected Instance Methods

Finalize(inherited from Object)Allows an Objectto attempt to free resources and perform other cleanup operations before the Objectis reclaimed by garbage collection.
MemberwiseClone(inherited from Object)Creates a shallow copy of the current Object.

See Also

MySqlConversionException Class , MySql.Data.Types Namespace

20.2.7.2.2.1.1. MySqlConversionException Constructor

Syntax: Visual Basic

Public Sub New( _
   ByVal msg As String _
)

Syntax: C#

public MySqlConversionException(
stringmsg
);

See Also

MySqlConversionException Class , MySql.Data.Types Namespace

20.2.7.2.3. MySqlDateTime Class

Summary description for MySqlDateTime.

For a list of all members of this type, see MySqlDateTime Members .

Syntax: Visual Basic

Public Class MySqlDateTime_
  Inherits MySqlValue_
  Implements IConvertible, IComparable

Syntax: C#

public class MySqlDateTime : MySqlValue, IConvertible, IComparable

Thread Safety

Public static (Shared in Visual Basic) members of this type are safe for multithreaded operations. Instance members are not guaranteed to be thread-safe.

Requirements

Namespace: MySql.Data.Types

Assembly: MySql.Data (in MySql.Data.dll)

See Also

MySqlDateTime Members , MySql.Data.Types Namespace

20.2.7.2.3.1. MySqlDateTime Members

MySqlDateTime overview

Public Static (Shared) Type Conversions

Public Instance Properties

DayReturns the day portion of this datetime
HourReturns the hour portion of this datetime
IsNull (inherited from MySqlValue) 
IsValidDateTimeIndicates if this object contains a value that can be represented as a DateTime
MinuteReturns the minute portion of this datetime
MonthReturns the month portion of this datetime
SecondReturns the second portion of this datetime
ValueAsObject (inherited from MySqlValue)Returns the value of this field as an object
YearReturns the year portion of this datetime

Public Instance Methods

Equals(inherited from Object)Determines whether the specified Objectis equal to the current Object.
GetDateTimeReturns this value as a DateTime
GetHashCode(inherited from Object)Serves as a hash function for a particular type. GetHashCodeis suitable for use in hashing algorithms and data structures like a hash table.
GetType(inherited from Object)Gets the Typeof the current instance.
ToStringReturns a MySQL specific string representation of this value

Protected Instance Fields

classType (inherited from MySqlValue)The system type represented by this value
dbType (inherited from MySqlValue)The generic dbtype of this value
isNull (inherited from MySqlValue)Is this value null
mySqlDbType (inherited from MySqlValue)The specific MySQL db type
mySqlTypeName (inherited from MySqlValue)The MySQL specific typename of this value
objectValue (inherited from MySqlValue) 

Protected Instance Methods

Finalize(inherited from Object)Allows an Objectto attempt to free resources and perform other cleanup operations before the Objectis reclaimed by garbage collection.
MemberwiseClone(inherited from Object)Creates a shallow copy of the current Object.

See Also

MySqlDateTime Class , MySql.Data.Types Namespace

20.2.7.2.3.1.1. MySqlDateTime Explicit MySqlDateTime to DateTime Conversion

Syntax: Visual Basic

MySqlDateTime.op_Explicit(val)

Syntax: C#

public static explicit operator DateTime(
MySqlDateTimeval
);

Parameters

  • val:

Return Value

See Also

MySqlDateTime Class , MySql.Data.Types Namespace

20.2.7.2.3.1.2. Day Property

Returns the day portion of this datetime

Syntax: Visual Basic

Public Property Day As Integer

Syntax: C#

public int Day {get; set;}

See Also

MySqlDateTime Class , MySql.Data.Types Namespace

20.2.7.2.3.1.3. Hour Property

Returns the hour portion of this datetime

Syntax: Visual Basic

Public Property Hour As Integer

Syntax: C#

public int Hour {get; set;}

See Also

MySqlDateTime Class , MySql.Data.Types Namespace

20.2.7.2.3.1.4. IsNull Property

Syntax: Visual Basic

Public Property IsNull As Boolean

Syntax: C#

public bool IsNull {get; set;}

See Also

MySqlValue Class , MySql.Data.Types Namespace

20.2.7.2.3.1.4.1. MySqlValue Class

For a list of all members of this type, see MySqlValue Members .

Syntax: Visual Basic

MustInherit Public Class MySqlValue

Syntax: C#

public abstract class MySqlValue

Thread Safety

Public static (Shared in Visual Basic) members of this type are safe for multithreaded operations. Instance members are not guaranteed to be thread-safe.

Requirements

Namespace: MySql.Data.Types

Assembly: MySql.Data (in MySql.Data.dll)

See Also

MySqlValue Members , MySql.Data.Types Namespace

20.2.7.2.3.1.4.1.1. MySqlValue Members

MySqlValue overview

Protected Static (Shared) Fields

Public Instance Constructors

MySqlValue ConstructorInitializes a new instance of the MySqlValue class.

Public Instance Properties

IsNull 
ValueAsObjectReturns the value of this field as an object

Public Instance Methods

Equals(inherited from Object)Determines whether the specified Objectis equal to the current Object.
GetHashCode(inherited from Object)Serves as a hash function for a particular type. GetHashCodeis suitable for use in hashing algorithms and data structures like a hash table.
GetType(inherited from Object)Gets the Typeof the current instance.
ToStringReturns a string representation of this value

Protected Instance Fields

classTypeThe system type represented by this value
dbTypeThe generic dbtype of this value
isNullIs this value null
mySqlDbTypeThe specific MySQL db type
mySqlTypeNameThe MySQL specific typename of this value
objectValue 

Protected Instance Methods

Finalize(inherited from Object)Allows an Objectto attempt to free resources and perform other cleanup operations before the Objectis reclaimed by garbage collection.
MemberwiseClone(inherited from Object)Creates a shallow copy of the current Object.

See Also

MySqlValue Class , MySql.Data.Types Namespace

20.2.7.2.3.1.4.1.1.1. MySqlValue.numberFormat Field

Syntax: Visual Basic

Protected Shared numberFormat As NumberFormatInfo

Syntax: C#

protected static NumberFormatInfo numberFormat;

See Also

MySqlValue Class , MySql.Data.Types Namespace

20.2.7.2.3.1.4.1.1.2. MySqlValue Constructor

Initializes a new instance of the MySqlValue class.

Syntax: Visual Basic

Public Sub New()

Syntax: C#

public MySqlValue();

See Also

MySqlValue Class , MySql.Data.Types Namespace

20.2.7.2.3.1.4.1.1.3. ValueAsObject Property

Returns the value of this field as an object

Syntax: Visual Basic

Public ReadOnly Property ValueAsObject As Object

Syntax: C#

public object ValueAsObject {get;}

See Also

MySqlValue Class , MySql.Data.Types Namespace

20.2.7.2.3.1.4.1.1.4. MySqlValue.ToString Method

Returns a string representation of this value

Syntax: Visual Basic

Overrides Public Function ToString() As String

Syntax: C#

public override string ToString();

See Also

MySqlValue Class , MySql.Data.Types Namespace

20.2.7.2.3.1.4.1.1.5. MySqlValue.classType Field

The system type represented by this value

Syntax: Visual Basic

Protected classType As Type

Syntax: C#

protected Type classType;

See Also

MySqlValue Class , MySql.Data.Types Namespace

20.2.7.2.3.1.4.1.1.6. MySqlValue.dbType Field

The generic dbtype of this value

Syntax: Visual Basic

Protected dbType As DbType

Syntax: C#

protected DbType dbType;

See Also

MySqlValue Class , MySql.Data.Types Namespace

20.2.7.2.3.1.4.1.1.7. MySqlValue.mySqlDbType Field

The specific MySQL db type

Syntax: Visual Basic

Protected mySqlDbType As MySqlDbType

Syntax: C#

protected MySqlDbType mySqlDbType;

See Also

MySqlValue Class , MySql.Data.Types Namespace

20.2.7.2.3.1.4.1.1.8. MySqlValue.mySqlTypeName Field

The MySQL specific typename of this value

Syntax: Visual Basic

Protected mySqlTypeName As String

Syntax: C#

protected string mySqlTypeName;

See Also

MySqlValue Class , MySql.Data.Types Namespace

20.2.7.2.3.1.4.1.1.9. MySqlValue.objectValue Field

Syntax: Visual Basic

Protected objectValue As Object

Syntax: C#

protected object objectValue;

See Also

MySqlValue Class , MySql.Data.Types Namespace

20.2.7.2.3.1.5. IsValidDateTime Property

Indicates if this object contains a value that can be represented as a DateTime

Syntax: Visual Basic

Public ReadOnly Property IsValidDateTime As Boolean

Syntax: C#

public bool IsValidDateTime {get;}

See Also

MySqlDateTime Class , MySql.Data.Types Namespace

20.2.7.2.3.1.6. Minute Property

Returns the minute portion of this datetime

Syntax: Visual Basic

Public Property Minute As Integer

Syntax: C#

public int Minute {get; set;}

See Also

MySqlDateTime Class , MySql.Data.Types Namespace

20.2.7.2.3.1.7. Month Property

Returns the month portion of this datetime

Syntax: Visual Basic

Public Property Month As Integer

Syntax: C#

public int Month {get; set;}

See Also

MySqlDateTime Class , MySql.Data.Types Namespace

20.2.7.2.3.1.8. Second Property

Returns the second portion of this datetime

Syntax: Visual Basic

Public Property Second As Integer

Syntax: C#

public int Second {get; set;}

See Also

MySqlDateTime Class , MySql.Data.Types Namespace

20.2.7.2.3.1.9. Year Property

Returns the year portion of this datetime

Syntax: Visual Basic

Public Property Year As Integer

Syntax: C#

public int Year {get; set;}

See Also

MySqlDateTime Class , MySql.Data.Types Namespace

20.2.7.2.3.1.10. MySqlDateTime.GetDateTime Method

Returns this value as a DateTime

Syntax: Visual Basic

Public Function GetDateTime() As Date

Syntax: C#

public DateTime GetDateTime();

See Also

MySqlDateTime Class , MySql.Data.Types Namespace

20.2.7.2.3.1.11. MySqlDateTime.ToString Method

Returns a MySQL specific string representation of this value

Syntax: Visual Basic

Overrides Public Function ToString() As String

Syntax: C#

public override string ToString();

See Also

MySqlDateTime Class , MySql.Data.Types Namespace

20.2.8. Connector/NET Support

The developers of Connector/NET greatly value the input of our users in the software development process. If you find Connector/NET lacking some feature important to you, or if you discover a bug and need to file a bug report, please use the instructions in Section 1.7, “How to Report Bugs or Problems”.

20.2.8.1. Connector/NET Community Support

20.2.8.2. How to report Connector/NET Problems or Bugs

If you encounter difficulties or problems with Connector/NET, contact the Connector/NET community Section 20.2.8.1, “Connector/NET Community Support”.

You should first try to execute the same SQL statements and commands from the mysql client program or from admndemo. This helps you determine whether the error is in Connector/NET or MySQL.

If reporting a problem, you should ideally include the following information with the email:

  • Operating system and version

  • Connector/NET version

  • MySQL server version

  • Copies of error messages or other unexpected output

  • Simple reproducible sample

Remember that the more information you can supply to us, the more likely it is that we can fix the problem.

If you believe the problem to be a bug, then you must report the bug through http://bugs.mysql.com/.

20.2.8.3. Connector/NET Change History

The Connector/NET Change History (Changelog) is located with the main Changelog for MySQL. See Section C.5, “MySQL Connector/NET Change History”.

20.2.9. Connector/NET FAQ

Questions

  • 20.2.9.1: How do I obtain the value of an auto-incremented column?

Questions and Answers

20.2.9.1: How do I obtain the value of an auto-incremented column?

When using the commandBuilder you should make sure that you set the ReturnGeneratedIdentifiers property to true.

Then, you can use an active view on a table to access the updated ID. For example:

conn = new MySql.Data.MySqlClient.MySqlConnection();
cmd = new MySql.Data.MySqlClient.MySqlCommand();
da = new MySql.Data.MySqlClient.MySqlDataAdapter();
cmdBuilder = new MySql.Data.MySqlClient.MySqlCommandBuilder();
SystemDataDataSet = new System.Data.DataSet();
SystemDataDataView = new System.Data.DataView();
...
cmd.Connection = conn;
cmd.CommandText = "SELECT * FROM contacts";
da.SelectCommand = cmd;
da.Fill(SystemDataDataSet, "contacts");
cmdBuilder.DataAdapter = da;
cmdBuilder.ReturnGeneratedIdentifiers = true;
cmdBuilder.DataAdapter.SelectCommand.CommandText = "SELECT * FROM contacts";
cmdBuilder.RefreshSchema();

SystemDataDataView = SystemDataDataSet.Tables["contacts"].DefaultView;

SystemDataDataRow = SystemDataDataView.Table.NewRow();
SystemDataDataRow["status"] = 1;

SystemDataDataView.Table.Rows.Add(SystemDataDataRow);
da.Update(SystemDataDataSet, "contacts");
System.Console.WriteLine("ID after update: "  + SystemDataDataRow["id"]);

The SystemDataDataRow object in this instance provides the interface to the updated auto-increment value in the id column.

20.3. MySQL Connector/J

MySQL provides connectivity for client applications developed in the Java programming language via a JDBC driver, which is called MySQL Connector/J.

MySQL Connector/J is a JDBC Type 4 driver. Different versions are available that are compatible with the JDBC 3.0 and JDBC 4.0 specifications. The Type 4 designation means that the driver is pure-Java implementation of the MySQL protocol and does not rely on the MySQL client libraries.

Although JDBC is useful by itself, we would hope that if you are not familiar with JDBC that after reading the first few sections of this manual, that you would avoid using naked JDBC for all but the most trivial problems and consider using one of the popular persistence frameworks such as Hibernate, Spring's JDBC templates or Ibatis SQL Maps to do the majority of repetitive work and heavier lifting that is sometimes required with JDBC.

This section is not designed to be a complete JDBC tutorial. If you need more information about using JDBC you might be interested in the following online tutorials that are more in-depth than the information presented here:

Key topics:

MySQL Enterprise MySQL Enterprise subscribers will find more information about using JDBC with MySQL in the Knowledge Base articles about JDBC. Access to the MySQL Knowledge Base collection of articles is one of the advantages of subscribing to MySQL Enterprise. For more information, see http://www.mysql.com/products/enterprise/advisors.html.

20.3.1. Connector/J Versions

There are currently four versions of MySQL Connector/J available:

  • Connector/J 5.1 is the Type 4 pure Java JDBC driver, which conforms to the JDBC 3.0 and JDBC 4.0 specifications. It provides compatibility with all the functionality of MySQL, including 4.1, 5.0, 5.1, and 5.4. Connector/J 5.1 provides ease of development features, including auto-registration with the Driver Manager, standardized validity checks, categorized SQLExceptions, support for the JDBC-4.0 XML processing, per connection client information, NCHAR, NVARCHAR and NCLOB types. This release also includes all bug fixes up to and including Connector/J 5.0.6.

  • Connector/J 5.0 provides support for all the functionality offered by Connector/J 3.1 and includes distributed transaction (XA) support.

  • Connector/J 3.1 was designed for connectivity to MySQL 4.1 and MySQL 5.0 servers and provides support for all the functionality in MySQL 5.0 except distributed transaction (XA) support.

  • Connector/J 3.0 provides core functionality and was designed with connectivity to MySQL 3.x or MySQL 4.1 servers, although it will provide basic compatibility with later versions of MySQL. Connector/J 3.0 does not support server-side prepared statements, and does not support any of the features in versions of MySQL later than 4.1.

The following table summarizes the Connector/J versions available:

Connector/J versionDriver TypeJDBC versionMySQL Server versionStatus
5.143.0, 4.04.1, 5.0, 5.1, 5.4Recommended version
5.043.04.1, 5.0Released version
3.143.04.1, 5.0Obsolete
3.043.03.x, 4.1Obsolete

The current recommended version for Connector/J is 5.1. This guide covers all four connector versions, with specific notes given where a setting applies to a specific option.

20.3.1.1. Java Versions Supported

The following table summarizes Connector/J Java dependencies:

Connector/J versionJava RTE requiredJDK required (to build source code)
5.11.4.x, 1.5.x, 1.6.x1.6.x and 1.5.x (or older)
5.01.3.x, 1.4.x, 1.5.x, 1.6.x1.4.2, 1.5.x, 1.6.x
3.11.2.x, 1.3.x, 1.4.x, 1.5.x, 1.6.x1.4.2, 1.5.x, 1.6.x
3.01.2.x, 1.3.x, 1.4.x, 1.5.x, 1.6.x1.4.2, 1.5.x, 1.6.x

MySQL Connector/J does not support JDK-1.1.x or JDK-1.0.x.

Because of the implementation of java.sql.Savepoint, Connector/J 3.1.0 and newer will not run on a Java runtime older than 1.4 unless the class verifier is turned off (by setting the -Xverify:none option to the Java runtime). This is because the class verifier will try to load the class definition for java.sql.Savepoint even though it is not accessed by the driver unless you actually use savepoint functionality.

Caching functionality provided by Connector/J 3.1.0 or newer is also not available on JVMs older than 1.4.x, as it relies on java.util.LinkedHashMap which was first available in JDK-1.4.0.

If you are building Connector/J from source code using the source distribution (see Section 20.3.2.4, “Installing from the Development Source Tree”) then you must use JDK 1.4.2 or newer to compile the Connector package. For Connector/J 5.1 you must have both JDK-1.6.x. and JDK-1.5.x installed in order to be able to build the source code.

20.3.2. Connector/J Installation

You can install the Connector/J package using either the binary or source distribution. The binary distribution provides the easiest method for installation; the source distribution enables you to customize your installation further. With either solution, you must manually add the Connector/J location to your Java CLASSPATH.

If you are upgrading from a previous version, read the upgrade information before continuing. See Section 20.3.2.3, “Upgrading from an Older Version”.

Connector/J is also available as part of the Maven project. More information, and the Connector/J JAR files can be found at the Maven repository.

20.3.2.1. Installing Connector/J from a Binary Distribution

The easiest method of installation is to use the binary distribution of the Connector/J package. The binary distribution is available either as a Tar/Gzip or Zip file which you must extract to a suitable location and then optionally make the information about the package available by changing your CLASSPATH (see Section 20.3.2.2, “Installing the Driver and Configuring the CLASSPATH).

MySQL Connector/J is distributed as a .zip or .tar.gz archive containing the sources, the class files, and the JAR archive named mysql-connector-java-[version]-bin.jar, and starting with Connector/J 3.1.8 a debug build of the driver in a file named mysql-connector-java-[version]-bin-g.jar.

Starting with Connector/J 3.1.9, the .class files that constitute the JAR files are only included as part of the driver JAR file.

You should not use the debug build of the driver unless instructed to do so when reporting a problem or a bug, as it is not designed to be run in production environments, and will have adverse performance impact when used. The debug binary also depends on the Aspect/J runtime library, which is located in the src/lib/aspectjrt.jar file that comes with the Connector/J distribution.

You will need to use the appropriate graphical or command-line utility to extract the distribution (for example, WinZip for the .zip archive, and tar for the .tar.gz archive). Because there are potentially long file names in the distribution, we use the GNU tar archive format. You will need to use GNU tar (or an application that understands the GNU tar archive format) to unpack the .tar.gz variant of the distribution.

20.3.2.2. Installing the Driver and Configuring the CLASSPATH

Once you have extracted the distribution archive, you can install the driver by placing mysql-connector-java-[version]-bin.jar in your classpath, either by adding the full path to it to your CLASSPATH environment variable, or by directly specifying it with the command line switch -cp when starting your JVM.

If you are going to use the driver with the JDBC DriverManager, you would use com.mysql.jdbc.Driver as the class that implements java.sql.Driver.

You can set the CLASSPATH environment variable under UNIX, Linux or Mac OS X either locally for a user within their .profile, .login or other login file. You can also set it globally by editing the global /etc/profile file.

For example, under a C shell (csh, tcsh) you would add the Connector/J driver to your CLASSPATH using the following:

shell> setenv CLASSPATH /path/mysql-connector-java-[ver]-bin.jar:$CLASSPATH

Or with a Bourne-compatible shell (sh, ksh, bash):

shell> export set CLASSPATH=/path/mysql-connector-java-[ver]-bin.jar:$CLASSPATH

Within Windows 2000, Windows XP, Windows Server 2003 and Windows Vista, you must set the environment variable through the System Control Panel.

If you want to use MySQL Connector/J with an application server such as GlassFish, Tomcat or JBoss, you will have to read your vendor's documentation for more information on how to configure third-party class libraries, as most application servers ignore the CLASSPATH environment variable. For configuration examples for some J2EE application servers, see Section 20.3.5.2, “Using Connector/J with J2EE and Other Java Frameworks”. However, the authoritative source for JDBC connection pool configuration information for your particular application server is the documentation for that application server.

If you are developing servlets or JSPs, and your application server is J2EE-compliant, you can put the driver's .jar file in the WEB-INF/lib subdirectory of your webapp, as this is a standard location for third party class libraries in J2EE web applications.

You can also use the MysqlDataSource or MysqlConnectionPoolDataSource classes in the com.mysql.jdbc.jdbc2.optional package, if your J2EE application server supports or requires them. Starting with Connector/J 5.0.0, the javax.sql.XADataSource interface is implemented via the com.mysql.jdbc.jdbc2.optional.MysqlXADataSource class, which supports XA distributed transactions when used in combination with MySQL server version 5.0.

The various MysqlDataSource classes support the following parameters (through standard set mutators):

  • user

  • password

  • serverName (see the previous section about fail-over hosts)

  • databaseName

  • port

20.3.2.3. Upgrading from an Older Version

We try to keep the upgrade process as easy as possible, however as is the case with any software, sometimes changes need to be made in new versions to support new features, improve existing functionality, or comply with new standards.

This section has information about what users who are upgrading from one version of Connector/J to another (or to a new version of the MySQL server, with respect to JDBC functionality) should be aware of.

20.3.2.3.1. Upgrading from MySQL Connector/J 3.0 to 3.1

Connector/J 3.1 is designed to be backward-compatible with Connector/J 3.0 as much as possible. Major changes are isolated to new functionality exposed in MySQL-4.1 and newer, which includes Unicode character sets, server-side prepared statements, SQLState codes returned in error messages by the server and various performance enhancements that can be enabled or disabled via configuration properties.

  • Unicode Character Sets — See the next section, as well as Section 9.1, “Character Set Support”, for information on this new feature of MySQL. If you have something misconfigured, it will usually show up as an error with a message similar to Illegal mix of collations.

  • Server-side Prepared Statements — Connector/J 3.1 will automatically detect and use server-side prepared statements when they are available (MySQL server version 4.1.0 and newer).

    Starting with version 3.1.7, the driver scans SQL you are preparing via all variants of Connection.prepareStatement() to determine if it is a supported type of statement to prepare on the server side, and if it is not supported by the server, it instead prepares it as a client-side emulated prepared statement. You can disable this feature by passing emulateUnsupportedPstmts=false in your JDBC URL.

    If your application encounters issues with server-side prepared statements, you can revert to the older client-side emulated prepared statement code that is still presently used for MySQL servers older than 4.1.0 with the connection property useServerPrepStmts=false

  • Datetimes with all-zero components (0000-00-00 ...) — These values can not be represented reliably in Java. Connector/J 3.0.x always converted them to NULL when being read from a ResultSet.

    Connector/J 3.1 throws an exception by default when these values are encountered as this is the most correct behavior according to the JDBC and SQL standards. This behavior can be modified using the zeroDateTimeBehavior configuration property. The allowable values are:

    • exception (the default), which throws an SQLException with an SQLState of S1009.

    • convertToNull, which returns NULL instead of the date.

    • round, which rounds the date to the nearest closest value which is 0001-01-01.

    Starting with Connector/J 3.1.7, ResultSet.getString() can be decoupled from this behavior via noDatetimeStringSync=true (the default value is false) so that you can retrieve the unaltered all-zero value as a String. It should be noted that this also precludes using any time zone conversions, therefore the driver will not allow you to enable noDatetimeStringSync and useTimezone at the same time.

  • New SQLState Codes — Connector/J 3.1 uses SQL:1999 SQLState codes returned by the MySQL server (if supported), which are different from the legacy X/Open state codes that Connector/J 3.0 uses. If connected to a MySQL server older than MySQL-4.1.0 (the oldest version to return SQLStates as part of the error code), the driver will use a built-in mapping. You can revert to the old mapping by using the configuration property useSqlStateCodes=false.

  • ResultSet.getString() — Calling ResultSet.getString() on a BLOB column will now return the address of the byte[] array that represents it, instead of a String representation of the BLOB. BLOB values have no character set, so they cannot be converted to java.lang.Strings without data loss or corruption.

    To store strings in MySQL with LOB behavior, use one of the TEXT types, which the driver will treat as a java.sql.Clob.

  • Debug builds — Starting with Connector/J 3.1.8 a debug build of the driver in a file named mysql-connector-java-[version]-bin-g.jar is shipped alongside the normal binary jar file that is named mysql-connector-java-[version]-bin.jar.

    Starting with Connector/J 3.1.9, we do not ship the .class files unbundled, they are only available in the JAR archives that ship with the driver.

    You should not use the debug build of the driver unless instructed to do so when reporting a problem or bug, as it is not designed to be run in production environments, and will have adverse performance impact when used. The debug binary also depends on the Aspect/J runtime library, which is located in the src/lib/aspectjrt.jar file that comes with the Connector/J distribution.

20.3.2.3.2. Upgrading to MySQL Connector/J 5.1.x
  • In Connector/J 5.0.x and earlier, the alias for a table in a SELECT statement is returned when accessing the result set metadata using ResultSetMetaData.getColumnName(). This behavior however is not JDBC compliant, and in Connector/J 5.1 this behavior was changed so that the original table name, rather than the alias, is returned.

    The JDBC-compliant behavior is designed to let API users reconstruct the DML statement based on the metadata within ResultSet and ResultSetMetaData.

    You can get the alias for a column in a result set by calling ResultSetMetaData.getColumnLabel(). If you want to use the old noncompliant behavior with ResultSetMetaData.getColumnName(), use the useOldAliasMetadataBehavior option and set the value to true.

    In Connector/J 5.0.x the default value of useOldAliasMetadataBehavior was true, but in Connector/J 5.1 this was changed to a default value of false.

20.3.2.3.3. JDBC-Specific Issues When Upgrading to MySQL Server 4.1 or Newer
  • Using the UTF-8 Character Encoding - Prior to MySQL server version 4.1, the UTF-8 character encoding was not supported by the server, however the JDBC driver could use it, allowing storage of multiple character sets in latin1 tables on the server.

    Starting with MySQL-4.1, this functionality is deprecated. If you have applications that rely on this functionality, and can not upgrade them to use the official Unicode character support in MySQL server version 4.1 or newer, you should add the following property to your connection URL:

    useOldUTF8Behavior=true

  • Server-side Prepared Statements - Connector/J 3.1 will automatically detect and use server-side prepared statements when they are available (MySQL server version 4.1.0 and newer). If your application encounters issues with server-side prepared statements, you can revert to the older client-side emulated prepared statement code that is still presently used for MySQL servers older than 4.1.0 with the following connection property:

    useServerPrepStmts=false

20.3.2.4. Installing from the Development Source Tree

Caution

You should read this section only if you are interested in helping us test our new code. If you just want to get MySQL Connector/J up and running on your system, you should use a standard binary release distribution.

To install MySQL Connector/J from the development source tree, make sure that you have the following prerequisites:

  • A Bazaar client, to check out the sources from our Launchpad repository (available from http://bazaar-vcs.org/).

  • Apache Ant version 1.7 or newer (available from http://ant.apache.org/).

  • JDK 1.4.2 or later. Although MySQL Connector/J can be be used with older JDKs, to compile it from source you must have at least JDK 1.4.2. If you are building Connector/J 5.1 you will need JDK 1.6.x and an older JDK such as JDK 1.5.x. You will then need to point your JAVA_HOME environment variable at the older installation.

The source code repository for MySQL Connector/J is located on Launchpad at https://code.launchpad.net/connectorj.

To check out and compile a specific branch of MySQL Connector/J, follow these steps:

  1. Check out the latest code from the branch that you want with one of the following commands.

    To check out the latest development branch use:

    shell> bzr branch lp:connectorj

    This creates a connectorj subdirectory in the current directory that contains the latest sources for the requested branch.

    To check out the latest 5.1 code use:

    shell> bzr branch lp:connectorj/5.1

    This will create a 5.1 subdirectory in the current directory containing the latest 5.1 code.

  2. If you are building Connector/J 5.1 make sure that you have both JDK 1.6.x installed and an older JDK such as JDK 1.5.x. This is because Connector/J supports both JDBC 3.0 (which was prior to JDK 1.6.x) and JDBC 4.0. Set your JAVA_HOME environment variable to the path of the older JDK installation.

  3. Change location to either the connectorj or 5.1 directory, depending on which branch you want to build, to make it your current working directory. For example:

    shell> cd connectorj
  4. If you are building Connector/J 5.1 you need to edit the build.xml to reflect the location of your JDK 1.6.x installation. The lines that you need to change are:

                <property name="com.mysql.jdbc.java6.javac" value="C:\jvms\jdk1.6.0\bin\javac.exe" />
                <property name="com.mysql.jdbc.java6.rtjar" value="C:\jvms\jdk1.6.0\jre\lib\rt.jar" />
              

    Alternatively, you can set the value of these property names through the Ant -D option.

  5. Issue the following command to compile the driver and create a .jar file suitable for installation:

    shell> ant dist

    This creates a build directory in the current directory, where all build output will go. A directory is created in the build directory that includes the version number of the sources you are building from. This directory contains the sources, compiled .class files, and a .jar file suitable for deployment. For other possible targets, including ones that will create a fully packaged distribution, issue the following command:

    shell> ant -projecthelp
  6. A newly created .jar file containing the JDBC driver will be placed in the directory build/mysql-connector-java-[version].

    Install the newly created JDBC driver as you would a binary .jar file that you download from MySQL by following the instructions in Section 20.3.2.2, “Installing the Driver and Configuring the CLASSPATH.

A package containing both the binary and source code for Connector/J 5.1 can also be found at the following location: Connector/J 5.1 Download

20.3.4. Connector/J (JDBC) Reference

This section of the manual contains reference material for MySQL Connector/J, some of which is automatically generated during the Connector/J build process.

20.3.4.1. Driver/Datasource Class Names, URL Syntax and Configuration Properties for Connector/J

The name of the class that implements java.sql.Driver in MySQL Connector/J is com.mysql.jdbc.Driver. The org.gjt.mm.mysql.Driver class name is also usable to remain backward-compatible with MM.MySQL. You should use this class name when registering the driver, or when otherwise configuring software to use MySQL Connector/J.

The JDBC URL format for MySQL Connector/J is as follows, with items in square brackets ([, ]) being optional:

jdbc:mysql://[host][,failoverhost...][:port]/[database] »
[?propertyName1][=propertyValue1][&propertyName2][=propertyValue2]...

If the host name is not specified, it defaults to 127.0.0.1. If the port is not specified, it defaults to 3306, the default port number for MySQL servers.

jdbc:mysql://[host:port],[host:port].../[database] »
[?propertyName1][=propertyValue1][&propertyName2][=propertyValue2]...

If the database is not specified, the connection will be made with no default database. In this case, you will need to either call the setCatalog() method on the Connection instance or fully specify table names using the database name (that is, SELECT dbname.tablename.colname FROM dbname.tablename...) in your SQL. Not specifying the database to use upon connection is generally only useful when building tools that work with multiple databases, such as GUI database managers.

MySQL Connector/J has fail-over support. This allows the driver to fail-over to any number of slave hosts and still perform read-only queries. Fail-over only happens when the connection is in an autoCommit(true) state, because fail-over can not happen reliably when a transaction is in progress. Most application servers and connection pools set autoCommit to true at the end of every transaction/connection use.

The fail-over functionality has the following behavior:

  • If the URL property autoReconnect is false: Failover only happens at connection initialization, and failback occurs when the driver determines that the first host has become available again.

  • If the URL property autoReconnect is true: Failover happens when the driver determines that the connection has failed (before every query), and falls back to the first host when it determines that the host has become available again (after queriesBeforeRetryMaster queries have been issued).

In either case, whenever you are connected to a "failed-over" server, the connection will be set to read-only state, so queries that would modify data will have exceptions thrown (the query will never be processed by the MySQL server).

Configuration properties define how Connector/J will make a connection to a MySQL server. Unless otherwise noted, properties can be set for a DataSource object or for a Connection object.

Configuration Properties can be set in one of the following ways:

  • Using the set*() methods on MySQL implementations of java.sql.DataSource (which is the preferred method when using implementations of java.sql.DataSource):

    • com.mysql.jdbc.jdbc2.optional.MysqlDataSource

    • com.mysql.jdbc.jdbc2.optional.MysqlConnectionPoolDataSource

  • As a key/value pair in the java.util.Properties instance passed to DriverManager.getConnection() or Driver.connect()

  • As a JDBC URL parameter in the URL given to java.sql.DriverManager.getConnection(), java.sql.Driver.connect() or the MySQL implementations of the javax.sql.DataSource setURL() method.

    Note

    If the mechanism you use to configure a JDBC URL is XML-based, you will need to use the XML character literal &amp; to separate configuration parameters, as the ampersand is a reserved character for XML.

The properties are listed in the following tables.

Connection/Authentication. 

Property Name Definition Default Value Since Version
userThe user to connect as all versions
passwordThe password to use when connecting all versions
socketFactoryThe name of the class that the driver should use for creating socket connections to the server. This class must implement the interface 'com.mysql.jdbc.SocketFactory' and have public no-args constructor.com.mysql.jdbc.StandardSocketFactory3.0.3
connectTimeoutTimeout for socket connect (in milliseconds), with 0 being no timeout. Only works on JDK-1.4 or newer. Defaults to '0'.03.0.1
socketTimeoutTimeout on network socket operations (0, the default means no timeout).03.0.1
connectionLifecycleInterceptorsA comma-delimited list of classes that implement "com.mysql.jdbc.ConnectionLifecycleInterceptor" that should notified of connection lifecycle events (creation, destruction, commit, rollback, setCatalog and setAutoCommit) and potentially alter the execution of these commands. ConnectionLifecycleInterceptors are "stackable", more than one interceptor may be specified via the configuration property as a comma-delimited list, with the interceptors executed in order from left to right. 5.1.4
useConfigsLoad the comma-delimited list of configuration properties before parsing the URL or applying user-specified properties. These configurations are explained in the 'Configurations' of the documentation. 3.1.5
interactiveClientSet the CLIENT_INTERACTIVE flag, which tells MySQL to timeout connections based on INTERACTIVE_TIMEOUT instead of WAIT_TIMEOUTfalse3.1.0
localSocketAddressHostname or IP address given to explicitly configure the interface that the driver will bind the client side of the TCP/IP connection to when connecting. 5.0.5
propertiesTransformAn implementation of com.mysql.jdbc.ConnectionPropertiesTransform that the driver will use to modify URL properties passed to the driver before attempting a connection 3.1.4
useCompressionUse zlib compression when communicating with the server (true/false)? Defaults to 'false'.false3.0.17

Networking. 

Property Name Definition Default Value Since Version
maxAllowedPacketMaximum allowed packet size to send to server. If not set, the value of system variable 'max_allowed_packet' will be used to initialize this upon connecting. This value will not take effect if set larger than the value of 'max_allowed_packet'.-15.1.8
tcpKeepAliveIf connecting using TCP/IP, should the driver set SO_KEEPALIVE?true5.0.7
tcpNoDelayIf connecting using TCP/IP, should the driver set SO_TCP_NODELAY (disabling the Nagle Algorithm)?true5.0.7
tcpRcvBufIf connecting using TCP/IP, should the driver set SO_RCV_BUF to the given value? The default value of '0', means use the platform default value for this property)05.0.7
tcpSndBufIf connecting using TCP/IP, shuold the driver set SO_SND_BUF to the given value? The default value of '0', means use the platform default value for this property)05.0.7
tcpTrafficClassIf connecting using TCP/IP, should the driver set traffic class or type-of-service fields ?See the documentation for java.net.Socket.setTrafficClass() for more information.05.0.7

High Availability and Clustering. 

Property Name Definition Default Value Since Version
autoReconnectShould the driver try to re-establish stale and/or dead connections? If enabled the driver will throw an exception for a queries issued on a stale or dead connection, which belong to the current transaction, but will attempt reconnect before the next query issued on the connection in a new transaction. The use of this feature is not recommended, because it has side effects related to session state and data consistency when applications don't handle SQLExceptions properly, and is only designed to be used when you are unable to configure your application to handle SQLExceptions resulting from dead and stale connections properly. Alternatively, investigate setting the MySQL server variable "wait_timeout" to some high value rather than the default of 8 hours.false1.1
autoReconnectForPoolsUse a reconnection strategy appropriate for connection pools (defaults to 'false')false3.1.3
failOverReadOnlyWhen failing over in autoReconnect mode, should the connection be set to 'read-only'?true3.0.12
maxReconnectsMaximum number of reconnects to attempt if autoReconnect is true, default is '3'.31.1
reconnectAtTxEndIf autoReconnect is set to true, should the driver attempt reconnections at the end of every transaction?false3.0.10
retriesAllDownWhen using loadbalancing, the number of times the driver should cycle through available hosts, attempting to connect. Between cycles, the driver will pause for 250ms if no servers are available.1205.1.6
initialTimeoutIf autoReconnect is enabled, the initial time to wait between re-connect attempts (in seconds, defaults to '2').21.1
roundRobinLoadBalanceWhen autoReconnect is enabled, and failoverReadonly is false, should we pick hosts to connect to on a round-robin basis?false3.1.2
queriesBeforeRetryMasterNumber of queries to issue before falling back to master when failed over (when using multi-host failover). Whichever condition is met first, 'queriesBeforeRetryMaster' or 'secondsBeforeRetryMaster' will cause an attempt to be made to reconnect to the master. Defaults to 50.503.0.2
secondsBeforeRetryMasterHow long should the driver wait, when failed over, before attempting303.0.2
selfDestructOnPingMaxOperations=If set to a non-zero value, the driver will report close the connection and report failure when Connection.ping() or Connection.isValid(int) is called if the connnection's count of commands sent to the server exceeds this value.05.1.6
selfDestructOnPingSecondsLifetimeIf set to a non-zero value, the driver will report close the connection and report failure when Connection.ping() or Connection.isValid(int) is called if the connnection's lifetime exceeds this value.05.1.6
resourceIdA globally unique name that identifies the resource that this datasource or connection is connected to, used for XAResource.isSameRM() when the driver can't determine this value based on hostnames used in the URL 5.0.1

Security. 

Property Name Definition Default Value Since Version
allowMultiQueriesAllow the use of ';' to delimit multiple queries during one statement (true/false), defaults to 'false'false3.1.1
useSSLUse SSL when communicating with the server (true/false), defaults to 'false'false3.0.2
requireSSLRequire SSL connection if useSSL=true? (defaults to 'false').false3.1.0
verifyServerCertificateIf "useSSL" is set to "true", should the driver verify the server's certificate? When using this feature, the keystore parameters should be specified by the "clientCertificateKeyStore*" properties, rather than system properties.true5.1.6
clientCertificateKeyStoreUrlURL to the client certificate KeyStore (if not specified, use defaults) 5.1.0
clientCertificateKeyStoreTypeKeyStore type for client certificates (NULL or empty means use default, standard keystore types supported by the JVM are "JKS" and "PKCS12", your environment may have more available depending on what security products are installed and available to the JVM. 5.1.0
clientCertificateKeyStorePasswordPassword for the client certificates KeyStore 5.1.0
trustCertificateKeyStoreUrlURL to the trusted root certificate KeyStore (if not specified, use defaults) 5.1.0
trustCertificateKeyStoreTypeKeyStore type for trusted root certificates (NULL or empty means use default, standard keystore types supported by the JVM are "JKS" and "PKCS12", your environment may have more available depending on what security products are installed and available to the JVM. 5.1.0
trustCertificateKeyStorePasswordPassword for the trusted root certificates KeyStore 5.1.0
allowLoadLocalInfileShould the driver allow use of 'LOAD DATA LOCAL INFILE...' (defaults to 'true').true3.0.3
allowUrlInLocalInfileShould the driver allow URLs in 'LOAD DATA LOCAL INFILE' statements?false3.1.4
paranoidTake measures to prevent exposure sensitive information in error messages and clear data structures holding sensitive data when possible? (defaults to 'false')false3.0.1
passwordCharacterEncodingWhat character encoding is used for passwords? Leaving this set to the default value (null), uses the platform character set, which works for ISO8859_1 (i.e. "latin1") passwords. For passwords in other character encodings, the encoding will have to be specified with this property, as it's not possible for the driver to auto-detect this. 5.1.7

Performance Extensions. 

Property Name Definition Default Value Since Version
callableStmtCacheSizeIf 'cacheCallableStmts' is enabled, how many callable statements should be cached?1003.1.2
metadataCacheSizeThe number of queries to cache ResultSetMetadata for if cacheResultSetMetaData is set to 'true' (default 50)503.1.1
useLocalSessionStateShould the driver refer to the internal values of autocommit and transaction isolation that are set by Connection.setAutoCommit() and Connection.setTransactionIsolation() and transaction state as maintained by the protocol, rather than querying the database or blindly sending commands to the database for commit() or rollback() method calls?false3.1.7
useLocalTransactionStateShould the driver use the in-transaction state provided by the MySQL protocol to determine if a commit() or rollback() should actually be sent to the database?false5.1.7
prepStmtCacheSizeIf prepared statement caching is enabled, how many prepared statements should be cached?253.0.10
prepStmtCacheSqlLimitIf prepared statement caching is enabled, what's the largest SQL the driver will cache the parsing for?2563.0.10
alwaysSendSetIsolationShould the driver always communicate with the database when Connection.setTransactionIsolation() is called? If set to false, the driver will only communicate with the database when the requested transaction isolation is different than the whichever is newer, the last value that was set via Connection.setTransactionIsolation(), or the value that was read from the server when the connection was established.true3.1.7
maintainTimeStatsShould the driver maintain various internal timers to enable idle time calculations as well as more verbose error messages when the connection to the server fails? Setting this property to false removes at least two calls to System.getCurrentTimeMillis() per query.true3.1.9
useCursorFetchIf connected to MySQL > 5.0.2, and setFetchSize() > 0 on a statement, should that statement use cursor-based fetching to retrieve rows?false5.0.0
blobSendChunkSizeChunk to use when sending BLOB/CLOBs via ServerPreparedStatements10485763.1.9
cacheCallableStmtsShould the driver cache the parsing stage of CallableStatementsfalse3.1.2
cachePrepStmtsShould the driver cache the parsing stage of PreparedStatements of client-side prepared statements, the "check" for suitability of server-side prepared and server-side prepared statements themselves?false3.0.10
cacheResultSetMetadataShould the driver cache ResultSetMetaData for Statements and PreparedStatements? (Req. JDK-1.4+, true/false, default 'false')false3.1.1
cacheServerConfigurationShould the driver cache the results of 'SHOW VARIABLES' and 'SHOW COLLATION' on a per-URL basis?false3.1.5
defaultFetchSizeThe driver will call setFetchSize(n) with this value on all newly-created Statements03.1.9
dontTrackOpenResourcesThe JDBC specification requires the driver to automatically track and close resources, however if your application doesn't do a good job of explicitly calling close() on statements or result sets, this can cause memory leakage. Setting this property to true relaxes this constraint, and can be more memory efficient for some applications.false3.1.7
dynamicCalendarsShould the driver retrieve the default calendar when required, or cache it per connection/session?false3.1.5
elideSetAutoCommitsIf using MySQL-4.1 or newer, should the driver only issue 'set autocommit=n' queries when the server's state doesn't match the requested state by Connection.setAutoCommit(boolean)?false3.1.3
enableQueryTimeoutsWhen enabled, query timeouts set via Statement.setQueryTimeout() use a shared java.util.Timer instance for scheduling. Even if the timeout doesn't expire before the query is processed, there will be memory used by the TimerTask for the given timeout which won't be reclaimed until the time the timeout would have expired if it hadn't been cancelled by the driver. High-load environments might want to consider disabling this functionality.true5.0.6
holdResultsOpenOverStatementCloseShould the driver leave the result sets open on Statement.close() (enabling violates JDBC specification)false3.1.7
largeRowSizeThresholdWhat size result set row should the JDBC driver consider "large", and thus use a more memory-efficient way of representing the row internally?20485.1.1
loadBalanceStrategyIf using a load-balanced connection to connect to SQL nodes in a MySQL Cluster/NDB configuration (by using the URL prefix "jdbc:mysql:loadbalance://"), which load balancing algorithm should the driver use: (1) "random" - the driver will pick a random host for each request. This tends to work better than round-robin, as the randomness will somewhat account for spreading loads where requests vary in response time, while round-robin can sometimes lead to overloaded nodes if there are variations in response times across the workload. (2) "bestResponseTime" - the driver will route the request to the host that had the best response time for the previous transaction.random5.0.6
locatorFetchBufferSizeIf 'emulateLocators' is configured to 'true', what size buffer should be used when fetching BLOB data for getBinaryInputStream?10485763.2.1
rewriteBatchedStatementsShould the driver use multiqueries (irregardless of the setting of "allowMultiQueries") as well as rewriting of prepared statements for INSERT into multi-value inserts when executeBatch() is called? Notice that this has the potential for SQL injection if using plain java.sql.Statements and your code doesn't sanitize input correctly. Notice that for prepared statements, server-side prepared statements can not currently take advantage of this rewrite option, and that if you don't specify stream lengths when using PreparedStatement.set*Stream(), the driver won't be able to determine the optimum number of parameters per batch and you might receive an error from the driver that the resultant packet is too large. Statement.getGeneratedKeys() for these rewritten statements only works when the entire batch includes INSERT statements.false3.1.13
useDirectRowUnpackUse newer result set row unpacking code that skips a copy from network buffers to a MySQL packet instance and instead reads directly into the result set row data buffers.true5.1.1
useDynamicCharsetInfoShould the driver use a per-connection cache of character set information queried from the server when necessary, or use a built-in static mapping that is more efficient, but isn't aware of custom character sets or character sets implemented after the release of the JDBC driver?true5.0.6
useFastDateParsingUse internal String->Date/Time/Timestamp conversion routines to avoid excessive object creation?true5.0.5
useFastIntParsingUse internal String->Integer conversion routines to avoid excessive object creation?true3.1.4
useJvmCharsetConvertersAlways use the character encoding routines built into the JVM, rather than using lookup tables for single-byte character sets?false5.0.1
useReadAheadInputUse newer, optimized non-blocking, buffered input stream when reading from the server?true3.1.5

Debugging/Profiling. 

Property Name Definition Default Value Since Version
loggerThe name of a class that implements "com.mysql.jdbc.log.Log" that will be used to log messages to. (default is "com.mysql.jdbc.log.StandardLogger", which logs to STDERR)com.mysql.jdbc.log.StandardLogger3.1.1
gatherPerfMetricsShould the driver gather performance metrics, and report them via the configured logger every 'reportMetricsIntervalMillis' milliseconds?false3.1.2
profileSQLTrace queries and their execution/fetch times to the configured logger (true/false) defaults to 'false'false3.1.0
profileSqlDeprecated, use 'profileSQL' instead. Trace queries and their execution/fetch times on STDERR (true/false) defaults to 'false' 2.0.14
reportMetricsIntervalMillisIf 'gatherPerfMetrics' is enabled, how often should they be logged (in ms)?300003.1.2
maxQuerySizeToLogControls the maximum length/size of a query that will get logged when profiling or tracing20483.1.3
packetDebugBufferSizeThe maximum number of packets to retain when 'enablePacketDebug' is true203.1.3
slowQueryThresholdMillisIf 'logSlowQueries' is enabled, how long should a query (in ms) before it is logged as 'slow'?20003.1.2
slowQueryThresholdNanosIf 'useNanosForElapsedTime' is set to true, and this property is set to a non-zero value, the driver will use this threshold (in nanosecond units) to determine if a query was slow.05.0.7
useUsageAdvisorShould the driver issue 'usage' warnings advising proper and efficient usage of JDBC and MySQL Connector/J to the log (true/false, defaults to 'false')?false3.1.1
autoGenerateTestcaseScriptShould the driver dump the SQL it is executing, including server-side prepared statements to STDERR?false3.1.9
autoSlowLogInstead of using slowQueryThreshold* to determine if a query is slow enough to be logged, maintain statistics that allow the driver to determine queries that are outside the 99th percentile?true5.1.4
clientInfoProviderThe name of a class that implements the com.mysql.jdbc.JDBC4ClientInfoProvider interface in order to support JDBC-4.0's Connection.get/setClientInfo() methodscom.mysql.jdbc.JDBC4CommentClientInfoProvider5.1.0
dumpMetadataOnColumnNotFoundShould the driver dump the field-level metadata of a result set into the exception message when ResultSet.findColumn() fails?false3.1.13
dumpQueriesOnExceptionShould the driver dump the contents of the query sent to the server in the message for SQLExceptions?false3.1.3
enablePacketDebugWhen enabled, a ring-buffer of 'packetDebugBufferSize' packets will be kept, and dumped when exceptions are thrown in key areas in the driver's codefalse3.1.3
explainSlowQueriesIf 'logSlowQueries' is enabled, should the driver automatically issue an 'EXPLAIN' on the server and send the results to the configured log at a WARN level?false3.1.2
includeInnodbStatusInDeadlockExceptionsInclude the output of "SHOW ENGINE INNODB STATUS" in exception messages when deadlock exceptions are detected?false5.0.7
logSlowQueriesShould queries that take longer than 'slowQueryThresholdMillis' be logged?false3.1.2
logXaCommandsShould the driver log XA commands sent by MysqlXaConnection to the server, at the DEBUG level of logging?false5.0.5
profilerEventHandlerName of a class that implements the interface com.mysql.jdbc.profiler.ProfilerEventHandler that will be used to handle profiling/tracing events.com.mysql.jdbc.profiler.LoggingProfilerEventHandler5.1.6
resultSetSizeThresholdIf the usage advisor is enabled, how many rows should a result set contain before the driver warns that it is suspiciously large?1005.0.5
traceProtocolShould trace-level network protocol be logged?false3.1.2
useNanosForElapsedTimeFor profiling/debugging functionality that measures elapsed time, should the driver try to use nanoseconds resolution if available (JDK >= 1.5)?false5.0.7

Miscellaneous. 

Property Name Definition Default Value Since Version
useUnicodeForces the driver to use Unicode character encodings. Should only be set to false either when the driver can't determine the character set mapping (in which case, specify the Java character encoding in the characterEncoding property), or you are trying to force the driver to use a character set that MySQL doesn't natively support. Should be 'true' for all versions of MySQL 4.1 or higher unless you are trying to emulate the character set handling support provided in MySQL 4.0. Value is true/false, defaults to 'true'true1.1g
characterEncodingIf 'useUnicode' is set to true, what Java character encoding should the driver use when dealing with strings? (defaults is to 'autodetect'). If the encoding cannot be determined, then an exception will be raised. 1.1g
characterSetResultsCharacter set to tell the server to return results as. 3.0.13
connectionCollationIf set, tells the server to use this collation via 'set collation_connection' 3.0.13
useBlobToStoreUTF8OutsideBMPTells the driver to treat [MEDIUM/LONG]BLOB columns as [LONG]VARCHAR columns holding text encoded in UTF-8 that has characters outside the BMP (4-byte encodings), which MySQL server can't handle natively.false5.1.3
utf8OutsideBmpExcludedColumnNamePatternWhen "useBlobToStoreUTF8OutsideBMP" is set to "true", column names matching the given regex will still be treated as BLOBs unless they match the regex specified for "utf8OutsideBmpIncludedColumnNamePattern". The regex must follow the patterns used for the java.util.regex package. 5.1.3
utf8OutsideBmpIncludedColumnNamePatternUsed to specify exclusion rules to "utf8OutsideBmpExcludedColumnNamePattern". The regex must follow the patterns used for the java.util.regex package. 5.1.3
sessionVariablesA comma-separated list of name/value pairs to be sent as SET SESSION ... to the server when the driver connects. 3.1.8
useColumnNamesInFindColumnPrior to JDBC-4.0, the JDBC specification had a bug related to what could be given as a "column name" to ResultSet methods like findColumn(), or getters that took a String property. JDBC-4.0 clarified "column name" to mean the label, as given in an "AS" clause and returned by ResultSetMetaData.getColumnLabel(), and if no AS clause, the column name. Setting this property to "true" will give behavior that is congruent to JDBC-3.0 and earlier versions of the JDBC specification, but which because of the specification bug could give unexpected results. This property is preferred over "useOldAliasMetadataBehavior" unless you need the specific behavior that it provides with respect to ResultSetMetadata.false5.1.7
allowNanAndInfShould the driver allow NaN or +/- INF values in PreparedStatement.setDouble()?false3.1.5
autoClosePStmtStreamsShould the driver automatically call .close() on streams/readers passed as arguments via set*() methods?false3.1.12
autoDeserializeShould the driver automatically detect and de-serialize objects stored in BLOB fields?false3.1.5
blobsAreStringsShould the driver always treat BLOBs as Strings - specifically to work around dubious metadata returned by the server for GROUP BY clauses?false5.0.8
capitalizeTypeNamesCapitalize type names in DatabaseMetaData? (usually only useful when using WebObjects, true/false, defaults to 'false')true2.0.7
clobCharacterEncodingThe character encoding to use for sending and retrieving TEXT, MEDIUMTEXT and LONGTEXT values instead of the configured connection characterEncoding 5.0.0
clobberStreamingResultsThis will cause a 'streaming' ResultSet to be automatically closed, and any outstanding data still streaming from the server to be discarded if another query is executed before all the data has been read from the server.false3.0.9
compensateOnDuplicateKeyUpdateCountsShould the driver compensate for the update counts of "ON DUPLICATE KEY" INSERT statements (2 = 1, 0 = 1) when using prepared statements?false5.1.7
continueBatchOnErrorShould the driver continue processing batch commands if one statement fails. The JDBC spec allows either way (defaults to 'true').true3.0.3
createDatabaseIfNotExistCreates the database given in the URL if it doesn't yet exist. Assumes the configured user has permissions to create databases.false3.1.9
emptyStringsConvertToZeroShould the driver allow conversions from empty string fields to numeric values of '0'?true3.1.8
emulateLocatorsShould the driver emulate java.sql.Blobs with locators? With this feature enabled, the driver will delay loading the actual Blob data until the one of the retrieval methods (getInputStream(), getBytes(), and so forth) on the blob data stream has been accessed. For this to work, you must use a column alias with the value of the column to the actual name of the Blob. The feature also has the following restrictions: The SELECT that created the result set must reference only one table, the table must have a primary key; the SELECT must alias the original blob column name, specified as a string, to an alternate name; the SELECT must cover all columns that make up the primary key.false3.1.0
emulateUnsupportedPstmtsShould the driver detect prepared statements that are not supported by the server, and replace them with client-side emulated versions?true3.1.7
exceptionInterceptorsComma-delimited list of classes that implement com.mysql.jdbc.ExceptionInterceptor. These classes will be instantiated one per Connection instance, and all SQLExceptions thrown by the driver will be allowed to be intercepted by these interceptors, in a chained fashion, with the first class listed as the head of the chain. 5.1.8
functionsNeverReturnBlobsShould the driver always treat data from functions returning BLOBs as Strings - specifically to work around dubious metadata returned by the server for GROUP BY clauses?false5.0.8
generateSimpleParameterMetadataShould the driver generate simplified parameter metadata for PreparedStatements when no metadata is available either because the server couldn't support preparing the statement, or server-side prepared statements are disabled?false5.0.5
ignoreNonTxTablesIgnore non-transactional table warning for rollback? (defaults to 'false').false3.0.9
jdbcCompliantTruncationShould the driver throw java.sql.DataTruncation exceptions when data is truncated as is required by the JDBC specification when connected to a server that supports warnings (MySQL 4.1.0 and newer)? This property has no effect if the server sql-mode includes STRICT_TRANS_TABLES.true3.1.2
loadBalanceBlacklistTimeoutTime in milliseconds between checks of servers which are unavailable.05.1.0
maxRowsThe maximum number of rows to return (0, the default means return all rows).-1all versions
netTimeoutForStreamingResultsWhat value should the driver automatically set the server setting 'net_write_timeout' to when the streaming result sets feature is in use? (value has unit of seconds, the value '0' means the driver will not try and adjust this value)6005.1.0
noAccessToProcedureBodiesWhen determining procedure parameter types for CallableStatements, and the connected user can't access procedure bodies through "SHOW CREATE PROCEDURE" or select on mysql.proc should the driver instead create basic metadata (all parameters reported as IN VARCHARs, but allowing registerOutParameter() to be called on them anyway) instead of throwing an exception?false5.0.3
noDatetimeStringSyncDon't ensure that ResultSet.getDatetimeType().toString().equals(ResultSet.getString())false3.1.7
noTimezoneConversionForTimeTypeDon't convert TIME values using the server timezone if 'useTimezone'='true'false5.0.0
nullCatalogMeansCurrentWhen DatabaseMetadataMethods ask for a 'catalog' parameter, does the value null mean use the current catalog? (this is not JDBC-compliant, but follows legacy behavior from earlier versions of the driver)true3.1.8
nullNamePatternMatchesAllShould DatabaseMetaData methods that accept *pattern parameters treat null the same as '%' (this is not JDBC-compliant, however older versions of the driver accepted this departure from the specification)true3.1.8
overrideSupportsIntegrityEnhancementFacilityShould the driver return "true" for DatabaseMetaData.supportsIntegrityEnhancementFacility() even if the database doesn't support it to workaround applications that require this method to return "true" to signal support of foreign keys, even though the SQL specification states that this facility contains much more than just foreign key support (one such application being OpenOffice)?false3.1.12
padCharsWithSpaceIf a result set column has the CHAR type and the value does not fill the amount of characters specified in the DDL for the column, should the driver pad the remaining characters with space (for ANSI compliance)?false5.0.6
pedanticFollow the JDBC spec to the letter.false3.0.0
pinGlobalTxToPhysicalConnectionWhen using XAConnections, should the driver ensure that operations on a given XID are always routed to the same physical connection? This allows the XAConnection to support "XA START ... JOIN" after "XA END" has been calledfalse5.0.1
populateInsertRowWithDefaultValuesWhen using ResultSets that are CONCUR_UPDATABLE, should the driver pre-populate the "insert" row with default values from the DDL for the table used in the query so those values are immediately available for ResultSet accessors? This functionality requires a call to the database for metadata each time a result set of this type is created. If disabled (the default), the default values will be populated by the an internal call to refreshRow() which pulls back default values and/or values changed by triggers.false5.0.5
processEscapeCodesForPrepStmtsShould the driver process escape codes in queries that are prepared?true3.1.12
queryTimeoutKillsConnectionIf the timeout given in Statement.setQueryTimeout() expires, should the driver forcibly abort the Connection instead of attempting to abort the query?false5.1.9
relaxAutoCommitIf the version of MySQL the driver connects to does not support transactions, still allow calls to commit(), rollback() and setAutoCommit() (true/false, defaults to 'false')?false2.0.13
retainStatementAfterResultSetCloseShould the driver retain the Statement reference in a ResultSet after ResultSet.close() has been called. This is not JDBC-compliant after JDBC-4.0.false3.1.11
rollbackOnPooledCloseShould the driver issue a rollback() when the logical connection in a pool is closed?true3.0.15
runningCTS13Enables workarounds for bugs in Sun's JDBC compliance testsuite version 1.3false3.1.7
serverTimezoneOverride detection/mapping of timezone. Used when timezone from server doesn't map to Java timezone 3.0.2
statementInterceptorsA comma-delimited list of classes that implement "com.mysql.jdbc.StatementInterceptor" that should be placed "in between" query execution to influence the results. StatementInterceptors are "chainable", the results returned by the "current" interceptor will be passed on to the next in in the chain, from left-to-right order, as specified in this property. 5.1.1
strictFloatingPointUsed only in older versions of compliance testfalse3.0.0
strictUpdatesShould the driver do strict checking (all primary keys selected) of updatable result sets (true, false, defaults to 'true')?true3.0.4
tinyInt1isBitShould the driver treat the datatype TINYINT(1) as the BIT type (because the server silently converts BIT -> TINYINT(1) when creating tables)?true3.0.16
transformedBitIsBooleanIf the driver converts TINYINT(1) to a different type, should it use BOOLEAN instead of BIT for future compatibility with MySQL-5.0, as MySQL-5.0 has a BIT type?false3.1.9
treatUtilDateAsTimestampShould the driver treat java.util.Date as a TIMESTAMP for the purposes of PreparedStatement.setObject()?true5.0.5
ultraDevHackCreate PreparedStatements for prepareCall() when required, because UltraDev is broken and issues a prepareCall() for _all_ statements? (true/false, defaults to 'false')false2.0.3
useAffectedRowsDon't set the CLIENT_FOUND_ROWS flag when connecting to the server (not JDBC-compliant, will break most applications that rely on "found" rows vs. "affected rows" for DML statements), but does cause "correct" update counts from "INSERT ... ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE" statements to be returned by the server.false5.1.7
useGmtMillisForDatetimesConvert between session timezone and GMT before creating Date and Timestamp instances (value of "false" is legacy behavior, "true" leads to more JDBC-compliant behavior.false3.1.12
useHostsInPrivilegesAdd '@hostname' to users in DatabaseMetaData.getColumn/TablePrivileges() (true/false), defaults to 'true'.true3.0.2
useInformationSchemaWhen connected to MySQL-5.0.7 or newer, should the driver use the INFORMATION_SCHEMA to derive information used by DatabaseMetaData?false5.0.0
useJDBCCompliantTimezoneShiftShould the driver use JDBC-compliant rules when converting TIME/TIMESTAMP/DATETIME values' timezone information for those JDBC arguments which take a java.util.Calendar argument? (Notice that this option is exclusive of the "useTimezone=true" configuration option.)false5.0.0
useLegacyDatetimeCodeUse code for DATE/TIME/DATETIME/TIMESTAMP handling in result sets and statements that consistently handles timezone conversions from client to server and back again, or use the legacy code for these datatypes that has been in the driver for backwards-compatibility?true5.1.6
useOldAliasMetadataBehaviorShould the driver use the legacy behavior for "AS" clauses on columns and tables, and only return aliases (if any) for ResultSetMetaData.getColumnName() or ResultSetMetaData.getTableName() rather than the original column/table name? In 5.0.x, the default value was true.false5.0.4
useOldUTF8BehaviorUse the UTF-8 behavior the driver did when communicating with 4.0 and older serversfalse3.1.6
useOnlyServerErrorMessagesDon't prepend 'standard' SQLState error messages to error messages returned by the server.true3.0.15
useSSPSCompatibleTimezoneShiftIf migrating from an environment that was using server-side prepared statements, and the configuration property "useJDBCCompliantTimeZoneShift" set to "true", use compatible behavior when not using server-side prepared statements when sending TIMESTAMP values to the MySQL server.false5.0.5
useServerPrepStmtsUse server-side prepared statements if the server supports them?false3.1.0
useSqlStateCodesUse SQL Standard state codes instead of 'legacy' X/Open/SQL state codes (true/false), default is 'true'true3.1.3
useStreamLengthsInPrepStmtsHonor stream length parameter in PreparedStatement/ResultSet.setXXXStream() method calls (true/false, defaults to 'true')?true3.0.2
useTimezoneConvert time/date types between client and server timezones (true/false, defaults to 'false')?false3.0.2
useUnbufferedInputDon't use BufferedInputStream for reading data from the servertrue3.0.11
yearIsDateTypeShould the JDBC driver treat the MySQL type "YEAR" as a java.sql.Date, or as a SHORT?true3.1.9
zeroDateTimeBehaviorWhat should happen when the driver encounters DATETIME values that are composed entirely of zeroes (used by MySQL to represent invalid dates)? Valid values are "exception", "round" and "convertToNull".exception3.1.4

Connector/J also supports access to MySQL via named pipes on Windows NT/2000/XP using the NamedPipeSocketFactory as a plugin-socket factory via the socketFactory property. If you do not use a namedPipePath property, the default of '\\.\pipe\MySQL' will be used. If you use the NamedPipeSocketFactory, the host name and port number values in the JDBC url will be ignored. You can enable this feature using:

socketFactory=com.mysql.jdbc.NamedPipeSocketFactory
        

Named pipes only work when connecting to a MySQL server on the same physical machine as the one the JDBC driver is being used on. In simple performance tests, it appears that named pipe access is between 30%-50% faster than the standard TCP/IP access. However, this varies per system, and named pipes are slower than TCP/IP in many Windows configurations.

You can create your own socket factories by following the example code in com.mysql.jdbc.NamedPipeSocketFactory, or com.mysql.jdbc.StandardSocketFactory.

20.3.4.2. JDBC API Implementation Notes

MySQL Connector/J passes all of the tests in the publicly available version of Sun's JDBC compliance test suite. However, in many places the JDBC specification is vague about how certain functionality should be implemented, or the specification allows leeway in implementation.

This section gives details on a interface-by-interface level about how certain implementation decisions may affect how you use MySQL Connector/J.

  • Blob

    Starting with Connector/J version 3.1.0, you can emulate Blobs with locators by adding the property 'emulateLocators=true' to your JDBC URL. Using this method, the driver will delay loading the actual Blob data until you retrieve the other data and then use retrieval methods (getInputStream(), getBytes(), and so forth) on the blob data stream.

    For this to work, you must use a column alias with the value of the column to the actual name of the Blob, for example:

    SELECT id, 'data' as blob_data from blobtable

    For this to work, you must also follow these rules:

    • The SELECT must also reference only one table, the table must have a primary key.

    • The SELECT must alias the original blob column name, specified as a string, to an alternate name.

    • The SELECT must cover all columns that make up the primary key.

    The Blob implementation does not allow in-place modification (they are copies, as reported by the DatabaseMetaData.locatorsUpdateCopies() method). Because of this, you should use the corresponding PreparedStatement.setBlob() or ResultSet.updateBlob() (in the case of updatable result sets) methods to save changes back to the database.

    MySQL Enterprise MySQL Enterprise subscribers will find more information about type conversion in the Knowledge Base article, Type Conversions Supported by MySQL Connector/J. To subscribe to MySQL Enterprise see http://www.mysql.com/products/enterprise/advisors.html.

  • CallableStatement

    Starting with Connector/J 3.1.1, stored procedures are supported when connecting to MySQL version 5.0 or newer via the CallableStatement interface. Currently, the getParameterMetaData() method of CallableStatement is not supported.

  • Clob

    The Clob implementation does not allow in-place modification (they are copies, as reported by the DatabaseMetaData.locatorsUpdateCopies() method). Because of this, you should use the PreparedStatement.setClob() method to save changes back to the database. The JDBC API does not have a ResultSet.updateClob() method.

  • Connection

    Unlike older versions of MM.MySQL the isClosed() method does not ping the server to determine if it is alive. In accordance with the JDBC specification, it only returns true if closed() has been called on the connection. If you need to determine if the connection is still valid, you should issue a simple query, such as SELECT 1. The driver will throw an exception if the connection is no longer valid.

  • DatabaseMetaData

    Foreign Key information (getImportedKeys()/getExportedKeys() and getCrossReference()) is only available from InnoDB tables. However, the driver uses SHOW CREATE TABLE to retrieve this information, so when other storage engines support foreign keys, the driver will transparently support them as well.

  • PreparedStatement

    PreparedStatements are implemented by the driver, as MySQL does not have a prepared statement feature. Because of this, the driver does not implement getParameterMetaData() or getMetaData() as it would require the driver to have a complete SQL parser in the client.

    Starting with version 3.1.0 MySQL Connector/J, server-side prepared statements and binary-encoded result sets are used when the server supports them.

    Take care when using a server-side prepared statement with large parameters that are set via setBinaryStream(), setAsciiStream(), setUnicodeStream(), setBlob(), or setClob(). If you want to re-execute the statement with any large parameter changed to a nonlarge parameter, it is necessary to call clearParameters() and set all parameters again. The reason for this is as follows:

    • During both server-side prepared statements and client-side emulation, large data is exchanged only when PreparedStatement.execute() is called.

    • Once that has been done, the stream used to read the data on the client side is closed (as per the JDBC spec), and cannot be read from again.

    • If a parameter changes from large to nonlarge, the driver must reset the server-side state of the prepared statement to allow the parameter that is being changed to take the place of the prior large value. This removes all of the large data that has already been sent to the server, thus requiring the data to be re-sent, via the setBinaryStream(), setAsciiStream(), setUnicodeStream(), setBlob() or setClob() methods.

    Consequently, if you want to change the type of a parameter to a nonlarge one, you must call clearParameters() and set all parameters of the prepared statement again before it can be re-executed.

  • ResultSet

    By default, ResultSets are completely retrieved and stored in memory. In most cases this is the most efficient way to operate, and due to the design of the MySQL network protocol is easier to implement. If you are working with ResultSets that have a large number of rows or large values, and can not allocate heap space in your JVM for the memory required, you can tell the driver to stream the results back one row at a time.

    To enable this functionality, you need to create a Statement instance in the following manner:

    stmt = conn.createStatement(java.sql.ResultSet.TYPE_FORWARD_ONLY,
                  java.sql.ResultSet.CONCUR_READ_ONLY);
    stmt.setFetchSize(Integer.MIN_VALUE);

    The combination of a forward-only, read-only result set, with a fetch size of Integer.MIN_VALUE serves as a signal to the driver to stream result sets row-by-row. After this any result sets created with the statement will be retrieved row-by-row.

    There are some caveats with this approach. You will have to read all of the rows in the result set (or close it) before you can issue any other queries on the connection, or an exception will be thrown.

    The earliest the locks these statements hold can be released (whether they be MyISAM table-level locks or row-level locks in some other storage engine such as InnoDB) is when the statement completes.

    If the statement is within scope of a transaction, then locks are released when the transaction completes (which implies that the statement needs to complete first). As with most other databases, statements are not complete until all the results pending on the statement are read or the active result set for the statement is closed.

    Therefore, if using streaming results, you should process them as quickly as possible if you want to maintain concurrent access to the tables referenced by the statement producing the result set.

  • ResultSetMetaData

    The isAutoIncrement() method only works when using MySQL servers 4.0 and newer.

  • Statement

    When using versions of the JDBC driver earlier than 3.2.1, and connected to server versions earlier than 5.0.3, the setFetchSize() method has no effect, other than to toggle result set streaming as described above.

    Connector/J 5.0.0 and later include support for both Statement.cancel() and Statement.setQueryTimeout(). Both require MySQL 5.0.0 or newer server, and require a separate connection to issue the KILL QUERY statement. In the case of setQueryTimeout(), the implementation creates an additional thread to handle the timeout functionality.

    Note

    Failures to cancel the statement for setQueryTimeout() may manifest themselves as RuntimeException rather than failing silently, as there is currently no way to unblock the thread that is executing the query being cancelled due to timeout expiration and have it throw the exception instead.

    MySQL does not support SQL cursors, and the JDBC driver doesn't emulate them, so "setCursorName()" has no effect.

    Connector/J 5.1.3 and later include two additional methods:

    • setLocalInfileInputStream() sets an InputStream instance that will be used to send data to the MySQL server for a LOAD DATA LOCAL INFILE statement rather than a FileInputStream or URLInputStream that represents the path given as an argument to the statement.

      This stream will be read to completion upon execution of a LOAD DATA LOCAL INFILE statement, and will automatically be closed by the driver, so it needs to be reset before each call to execute*() that would cause the MySQL server to request data to fulfill the request for LOAD DATA LOCAL INFILE.

      If this value is set to NULL, the driver will revert to using a FileInputStream or URLInputStream as required.

    • getLocalInfileInputStream() returns the InputStream instance that will be used to send data in response to a LOAD DATA LOCAL INFILE statement.

      This method returns NULL if no such stream has been set via setLocalInfileInputStream().

20.3.4.3. Java, JDBC and MySQL Types

MySQL Connector/J is flexible in the way it handles conversions between MySQL data types and Java data types.

In general, any MySQL data type can be converted to a java.lang.String, and any numerical type can be converted to any of the Java numerical types, although round-off, overflow, or loss of precision may occur.

Starting with Connector/J 3.1.0, the JDBC driver will issue warnings or throw DataTruncation exceptions as is required by the JDBC specification unless the connection was configured not to do so by using the property jdbcCompliantTruncation and setting it to false.

The conversions that are always guaranteed to work are listed in the following table:

Connection Properties - Miscellaneous. 

These MySQL Data TypesCan always be converted to these Java types
CHAR, VARCHAR, BLOB, TEXT, ENUM, and SETjava.lang.String, java.io.InputStream, java.io.Reader, java.sql.Blob, java.sql.Clob
FLOAT, REAL, DOUBLE PRECISION, NUMERIC, DECIMAL, TINYINT, SMALLINT, MEDIUMINT, INTEGER, BIGINTjava.lang.String, java.lang.Short, java.lang.Integer, java.lang.Long, java.lang.Double, java.math.BigDecimal
DATE, TIME, DATETIME, TIMESTAMPjava.lang.String, java.sql.Date, java.sql.Timestamp

Note

Round-off, overflow or loss of precision may occur if you choose a Java numeric data type that has less precision or capacity than the MySQL data type you are converting to/from.

The ResultSet.getObject() method uses the type conversions between MySQL and Java types, following the JDBC specification where appropriate. The value returned by ResultSetMetaData.GetColumnClassName() is also shown below. For more information on the java.sql.Types classes see Java 2 Platform Types.

MySQL Types to Java Types for ResultSet.getObject(). 

MySQL Type NameReturn value of GetColumnClassNameReturned as Java Class
BIT(1) (new in MySQL-5.0)BITjava.lang.Boolean
BIT( > 1) (new in MySQL-5.0)BITbyte[]
TINYINTTINYINTjava.lang.Boolean if the configuration property tinyInt1isBit is set to true (the default) and the storage size is 1, or java.lang.Integer if not.
BOOL, BOOLEANTINYINTSee TINYINT, above as these are aliases for TINYINT(1), currently.
SMALLINT[(M)] [UNSIGNED]SMALLINT [UNSIGNED]java.lang.Integer (regardless if UNSIGNED or not)
MEDIUMINT[(M)] [UNSIGNED]MEDIUMINT [UNSIGNED]java.lang.Integer, if UNSIGNED java.lang.Long (C/J 3.1 and earlier), or java.lang.Integer for C/J 5.0 and later
INT,INTEGER[(M)] [UNSIGNED]INTEGER [UNSIGNED]java.lang.Integer, if UNSIGNED java.lang.Long
BIGINT[(M)] [UNSIGNED]BIGINT [UNSIGNED]java.lang.Long, if UNSIGNED java.math.BigInteger
FLOAT[(M,D)]FLOATjava.lang.Float
DOUBLE[(M,B)]DOUBLEjava.lang.Double
DECIMAL[(M[,D])]DECIMALjava.math.BigDecimal
DATEDATEjava.sql.Date
DATETIMEDATETIMEjava.sql.Timestamp
TIMESTAMP[(M)]TIMESTAMPjava.sql.Timestamp
TIMETIMEjava.sql.Time
YEAR[(2|4)]YEARIf yearIsDateType configuration property is set to false, then the returned object type is java.sql.Short. If set to true (the default) then an object of type java.sql.Date (with the date set to January 1st, at midnight).
CHAR(M)CHARjava.lang.String (unless the character set for the column is BINARY, then byte[] is returned.
VARCHAR(M) [BINARY]VARCHARjava.lang.String (unless the character set for the column is BINARY, then byte[] is returned.
BINARY(M)BINARYbyte[]
VARBINARY(M)VARBINARYbyte[]
TINYBLOBTINYBLOBbyte[]
TINYTEXTVARCHARjava.lang.String
BLOBBLOBbyte[]
TEXTVARCHARjava.lang.String
MEDIUMBLOBMEDIUMBLOBbyte[]
MEDIUMTEXTVARCHARjava.lang.String
LONGBLOBLONGBLOBbyte[]
LONGTEXTVARCHARjava.lang.String
ENUM('value1','value2',...)CHARjava.lang.String
SET('value1','value2',...)CHARjava.lang.String

20.3.4.4. Using Character Sets and Unicode

All strings sent from the JDBC driver to the server are converted automatically from native Java Unicode form to the client character encoding, including all queries sent via Statement.execute(), Statement.executeUpdate(), Statement.executeQuery() as well as all PreparedStatement and CallableStatement parameters with the exclusion of parameters set using setBytes(), setBinaryStream(), setAsciiStream(), setUnicodeStream() and setBlob().

Prior to MySQL Server 4.1, Connector/J supported a single character encoding per connection, which could either be automatically detected from the server configuration, or could be configured by the user through the useUnicode and characterEncoding properties.

Starting with MySQL Server 4.1, Connector/J supports a single character encoding between client and server, and any number of character encodings for data returned by the server to the client in ResultSets.

The character encoding between client and server is automatically detected upon connection. The encoding used by the driver is specified on the server via the character_set system variable for server versions older than 4.1.0 and character_set_server for server versions 4.1.0 and newer. For more information, see Section 9.1.3.1, “Server Character Set and Collation”.

To override the automatically detected encoding on the client side, use the characterEncoding property in the URL used to connect to the server.

When specifying character encodings on the client side, Java-style names should be used. The following table lists Java-style names for MySQL character sets:

MySQL to Java Encoding Name Translations. 

MySQL Character Set NameJava-Style Character Encoding Name
asciiUS-ASCII
big5Big5
gbkGBK
sjisSJIS (or Cp932 or MS932 for MySQL Server < 4.1.11)
cp932Cp932 or MS932 (MySQL Server > 4.1.11)
gb2312EUC_CN
ujisEUC_JP
euckrEUC_KR
latin1Cp1252
latin2ISO8859_2
greekISO8859_7
hebrewISO8859_8
cp866Cp866
tis620TIS620
cp1250Cp1250
cp1251Cp1251
cp1257Cp1257
macromanMacRoman
macceMacCentralEurope
utf8UTF-8
ucs2UnicodeBig

Warning

Do not issue the query 'set names' with Connector/J, as the driver will not detect that the character set has changed, and will continue to use the character set detected during the initial connection setup.

To allow multiple character sets to be sent from the client, the UTF-8 encoding should be used, either by configuring utf8 as the default server character set, or by configuring the JDBC driver to use UTF-8 through the characterEncoding property.

20.3.4.5. Connecting Securely Using SSL

SSL in MySQL Connector/J encrypts all data (other than the initial handshake) between the JDBC driver and the server. The performance penalty for enabling SSL is an increase in query processing time between 35% and 50%, depending on the size of the query, and the amount of data it returns.

For SSL Support to work, you must have the following:

The system works through two Java truststore files, one file contains the certificate information for the server (truststore in the examples below). The other file contains the certificate for the client (keystore in the examples below). All Java truststore files are password protected by supplying a suitable password to the keytool when you create the files. You need the file names and associated passwords to create an SSL connection.

You will first need to import the MySQL server CA Certificate into a Java truststore. A sample MySQL server CA Certificate is located in the SSL subdirectory of the MySQL source distribution. This is what SSL will use to determine if you are communicating with a secure MySQL server. Alternatively, use the CA Certificate that you have generated or been provided with by your SSL provider.

To use Java's keytool to create a truststore in the current directory , and import the server's CA certificate (cacert.pem), you can do the following (assuming that keytool is in your path. The keytool should be located in the bin subdirectory of your JDK or JRE):

shell> keytool -import -alias mysqlServerCACert \
                                  -file cacert.pem -keystore truststore

You will need to enter the password when prompted for the keystore file. Interaction with keytool will look like this:

Enter keystore password:  *********
Owner: EMAILADDRESS=walrus@example.com, CN=Walrus,
       O=MySQL AB, L=Orenburg, ST=Some-State, C=RU
Issuer: EMAILADDRESS=walrus@example.com, CN=Walrus,
       O=MySQL AB, L=Orenburg, ST=Some-State, C=RU
Serial number: 0
Valid from:
   Fri Aug 02 16:55:53 CDT 2002 until: Sat Aug 02 16:55:53 CDT 2003
Certificate fingerprints:
    MD5:  61:91:A0:F2:03:07:61:7A:81:38:66:DA:19:C4:8D:AB
    SHA1: 25:77:41:05:D5:AD:99:8C:14:8C:CA:68:9C:2F:B8:89:C3:34:4D:6C
Trust this certificate? [no]:  yes
Certificate was added to keystore

You then have two options, you can either import the client certificate that matches the CA certificate you just imported, or you can create a new client certificate.

To import an existing certificate, the certificate should be in DER format. You can use openssl to convert an existing certificate into the new format. For example:

shell> openssl x509 -outform DER -in client-cert.pem -out client.cert
      

You now need to import the converted certificate into your keystore using keytool:

shell> keytool -import -file client.cert -keystore keystore -alias mysqlClientCertificate

To generate your own client certificate, use keytool to create a suitable certificate and add it to the keystore file:

 shell> keytool -genkey -keyalg rsa \
     -alias mysqlClientCertificate -keystore keystore 

Keytool will prompt you for the following information, and create a keystore named keystore in the current directory.

You should respond with information that is appropriate for your situation:

Enter keystore password:  *********
What is your first and last name?
  [Unknown]:  Matthews
What is the name of your organizational unit?
  [Unknown]:  Software Development
What is the name of your organization?
  [Unknown]:  MySQL AB
What is the name of your City or Locality?
  [Unknown]:  Flossmoor
What is the name of your State or Province?
  [Unknown]:  IL
What is the two-letter country code for this unit?
  [Unknown]:  US
Is <CN=Matthews, OU=Software Development, O=MySQL AB,
 L=Flossmoor, ST=IL, C=US> correct?
  [no]:  y

Enter key password for <mysqlClientCertificate>
        (RETURN if same as keystore password):

Finally, to get JSSE to use the keystore and truststore that you have generated, you need to set the following system properties when you start your JVM, replacing path_to_keystore_file with the full path to the keystore file you created, path_to_truststore_file with the path to the truststore file you created, and using the appropriate password values for each property. You can do this either on the command line:

-Djavax.net.ssl.keyStore=path_to_keystore_file
-Djavax.net.ssl.keyStorePassword=password
-Djavax.net.ssl.trustStore=path_to_truststore_file
-Djavax.net.ssl.trustStorePassword=password 

Or you can set the values directly within the application:

 System.setProperty("javax.net.ssl.keyStore","path_to_keystore_file");
System.setProperty("javax.net.ssl.keyStorePassword","password");
System.setProperty("javax.net.ssl.trustStore","path_to_truststore_file");
System.setProperty("javax.net.ssl.trustStorePassword","password");

You will also need to set useSSL to true in your connection parameters for MySQL Connector/J, either by adding useSSL=true to your URL, or by setting the property useSSL to true in the java.util.Properties instance you pass to DriverManager.getConnection().

You can test that SSL is working by turning on JSSE debugging (as detailed below), and look for the following key events:

...
*** ClientHello, v3.1
RandomCookie:  GMT: 1018531834 bytes = { 199, 148, 180, 215, 74, 12, »
  54, 244, 0, 168, 55, 103, 215, 64, 16, 138, 225, 190, 132, 153, 2, »
  217, 219, 239, 202, 19, 121, 78 }
Session ID:  {}
Cipher Suites:  { 0, 5, 0, 4, 0, 9, 0, 10, 0, 18, 0, 19, 0, 3, 0, 17 }
Compression Methods:  { 0 }
***
[write] MD5 and SHA1 hashes:  len = 59
0000: 01 00 00 37 03 01 3D B6 90 FA C7 94 B4 D7 4A 0C  ...7..=.......J.
0010: 36 F4 00 A8 37 67 D7 40 10 8A E1 BE 84 99 02 D9  6...7g.@........
0020: DB EF CA 13 79 4E 00 00 10 00 05 00 04 00 09 00  ....yN..........
0030: 0A 00 12 00 13 00 03 00 11 01 00                 ...........
main, WRITE:  SSL v3.1 Handshake, length = 59
main, READ:  SSL v3.1 Handshake, length = 74
*** ServerHello, v3.1
RandomCookie:  GMT: 1018577560 bytes = { 116, 50, 4, 103, 25, 100, 58, »
   202, 79, 185, 178, 100, 215, 66, 254, 21, 83, 187, 190, 42, 170, 3, »
   132, 110, 82, 148, 160, 92 }
Session ID:  {163, 227, 84, 53, 81, 127, 252, 254, 178, 179, 68, 63, »
   182, 158, 30, 11, 150, 79, 170, 76, 255, 92, 15, 226, 24, 17, 177, »
   219, 158, 177, 187, 143}
Cipher Suite:  { 0, 5 }
Compression Method: 0
***
%% Created:  [Session-1, SSL_RSA_WITH_RC4_128_SHA]
** SSL_RSA_WITH_RC4_128_SHA
[read] MD5 and SHA1 hashes:  len = 74
0000: 02 00 00 46 03 01 3D B6 43 98 74 32 04 67 19 64  ...F..=.C.t2.g.d
0010: 3A CA 4F B9 B2 64 D7 42 FE 15 53 BB BE 2A AA 03  :.O..d.B..S..*..
0020: 84 6E 52 94 A0 5C 20 A3 E3 54 35 51 7F FC FE B2  .nR..\ ..T5Q....
0030: B3 44 3F B6 9E 1E 0B 96 4F AA 4C FF 5C 0F E2 18  .D?.....O.L.\...
0040: 11 B1 DB 9E B1 BB 8F 00 05 00                    ..........
main, READ:  SSL v3.1 Handshake, length = 1712
...

JSSE provides debugging (to STDOUT) when you set the following system property: -Djavax.net.debug=all This will tell you what keystores and truststores are being used, as well as what is going on during the SSL handshake and certificate exchange. It will be helpful when trying to determine what is not working when trying to get an SSL connection to happen.

20.3.4.6. Using Master/Slave Replication with ReplicationConnection

Starting with Connector/J 3.1.7, we've made available a variant of the driver that will automatically send queries to a read/write master, or a failover or round-robin loadbalanced set of slaves based on the state of Connection.getReadOnly() .

An application signals that it wants a transaction to be read-only by calling Connection.setReadOnly(true), this replication-aware connection will use one of the slave connections, which are load-balanced per-vm using a round-robin scheme (a given connection is sticky to a slave unless that slave is removed from service). If you have a write transaction, or if you have a read that is time-sensitive (remember, replication in MySQL is asynchronous), set the connection to be not read-only, by calling Connection.setReadOnly(false) and the driver will ensure that further calls are sent to the master MySQL server. The driver takes care of propagating the current state of autocommit, isolation level, and catalog between all of the connections that it uses to accomplish this load balancing functionality.

To enable this functionality, use the " com.mysql.jdbc.ReplicationDriver " class when configuring your application server's connection pool or when creating an instance of a JDBC driver for your standalone application. Because it accepts the same URL format as the standard MySQL JDBC driver, ReplicationDriver does not currently work with java.sql.DriverManager -based connection creation unless it is the only MySQL JDBC driver registered with the DriverManager .

Here is a short, simple example of how ReplicationDriver might be used in a standalone application.

import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.util.Properties;

import com.mysql.jdbc.ReplicationDriver;

public class ReplicationDriverDemo {

  public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
    ReplicationDriver driver = new ReplicationDriver();

    Properties props = new Properties();

    // We want this for failover on the slaves
    props.put("autoReconnect", "true");

    // We want to load balance between the slaves
    props.put("roundRobinLoadBalance", "true");

    props.put("user", "foo");
    props.put("password", "bar");

    //
    // Looks like a normal MySQL JDBC url, with a
    // comma-separated list of hosts, the first
    // being the 'master', the rest being any number
    // of slaves that the driver will load balance against
    //

    Connection conn =
        driver.connect("jdbc:mysql:replication://master,slave1,slave2,slave3/test",
            props);

    //
    // Perform read/write work on the master
    // by setting the read-only flag to "false"
    //

    conn.setReadOnly(false);
    conn.setAutoCommit(false);
    conn.createStatement().executeUpdate("UPDATE some_table ....");
    conn.commit();

    //
    // Now, do a query from a slave, the driver automatically picks one
    // from the list
    //

    conn.setReadOnly(true);

    ResultSet rs =
      conn.createStatement().executeQuery("SELECT a,b FROM alt_table");

     .......
  }
}

You may also want to investigate the Load Balancing JDBC Pool (lbpol) tool, which provides a wrapper around the standard JDBC driver and allows you to use DB connection pools that includes checks for system failures and uneven load distribution. For more information, see Load Balancing JDBC Pool (lbpool).

20.3.4.7. Mapping MySQL Error Numbers to SQLStates

The table below provides a mapping of the MySQL Error Numbers to SQL States

Table 20.3. Mapping of MySQL Error Numbers to SQLStates

MySQL Error NumberMySQL Error NameLegacy (X/Open) SQLStateSQL Standard SQLState
1022ER_DUP_KEYS100023000
1037ER_OUTOFMEMORYS1001HY001
1038ER_OUT_OF_SORTMEMORYS1001HY001
1040ER_CON_COUNT_ERROR0800408004
1042ER_BAD_HOST_ERROR0800408S01
1043ER_HANDSHAKE_ERROR0800408S01
1044ER_DBACCESS_DENIED_ERRORS100042000
1045ER_ACCESS_DENIED_ERROR2800028000
1047ER_UNKNOWN_COM_ERROR08S01HY000
1050ER_TABLE_EXISTS_ERRORS100042S01
1051ER_BAD_TABLE_ERROR42S0242S02
1052ER_NON_UNIQ_ERRORS100023000
1053ER_SERVER_SHUTDOWNS100008S01
1054ER_BAD_FIELD_ERRORS002242S22
1055ER_WRONG_FIELD_WITH_GROUPS100942000
1056ER_WRONG_GROUP_FIELDS100942000
1057ER_WRONG_SUM_SELECTS100942000
1058ER_WRONG_VALUE_COUNT21S0121S01
1059ER_TOO_LONG_IDENTS100942000
1060ER_DUP_FIELDNAMES100942S21
1061ER_DUP_KEYNAMES100942000
1062ER_DUP_ENTRYS100923000
1063ER_WRONG_FIELD_SPECS100942000
1064ER_PARSE_ERROR4200042000
1065ER_EMPTY_QUERY4200042000
1066ER_NONUNIQ_TABLES100942000
1067ER_INVALID_DEFAULTS100942000
1068ER_MULTIPLE_PRI_KEYS100942000
1069ER_TOO_MANY_KEYSS100942000
1070ER_TOO_MANY_KEY_PARTSS100942000
1071ER_TOO_LONG_KEYS100942000
1072ER_KEY_COLUMN_DOES_NOT_EXITSS100942000
1073ER_BLOB_USED_AS_KEYS100942000
1074ER_TOO_BIG_FIELDLENGTHS100942000
1075ER_WRONG_AUTO_KEYS100942000
1080ER_FORCING_CLOSES100008S01
1081ER_IPSOCK_ERROR08S0108S01
1082ER_NO_SUCH_INDEXS100942S12
1083ER_WRONG_FIELD_TERMINATORSS100942000
1084ER_BLOBS_AND_NO_TERMINATEDS100942000
1090ER_CANT_REMOVE_ALL_FIELDSS100042000
1091ER_CANT_DROP_FIELD_OR_KEYS100042000
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1104ER_TOO_BIG_SELECTS100042000
1106ER_UNKNOWN_PROCEDURES100042000
1107ER_WRONG_PARAMCOUNT_TO_PROCEDURES100042000
1109ER_UNKNOWN_TABLES100042S02
1110ER_FIELD_SPECIFIED_TWICES100042000
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1113ER_TABLE_MUST_HAVE_COLUMNSS100042000
1115ER_UNKNOWN_CHARACTER_SETS100042000
1118ER_TOO_BIG_ROWSIZES100042000
1120ER_WRONG_OUTER_JOINS100042000
1121ER_NULL_COLUMN_IN_INDEXS100042000
1129ER_HOST_IS_BLOCKED08004HY000
1130ER_HOST_NOT_PRIVILEGED08004HY000
1131ER_PASSWORD_ANONYMOUS_USERS100042000
1132ER_PASSWORD_NOT_ALLOWEDS100042000
1133ER_PASSWORD_NO_MATCHS100042000
1136ER_WRONG_VALUE_COUNT_ON_ROWS100021S01
1138ER_INVALID_USE_OF_NULLS100042000
1139ER_REGEXP_ERRORS100042000
1140ER_MIX_OF_GROUP_FUNC_AND_FIELDSS100042000
1141ER_NONEXISTING_GRANTS100042000
1142ER_TABLEACCESS_DENIED_ERRORS100042000
1143ER_COLUMNACCESS_DENIED_ERRORS100042000
1144ER_ILLEGAL_GRANT_FOR_TABLES100042000
1145ER_GRANT_WRONG_HOST_OR_USERS100042000
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1149ER_SYNTAX_ERRORS100042000
1152ER_ABORTING_CONNECTIONS100008S01
1153ER_NET_PACKET_TOO_LARGES100008S01
1154ER_NET_READ_ERROR_FROM_PIPES100008S01
1155ER_NET_FCNTL_ERRORS100008S01
1156ER_NET_PACKETS_OUT_OF_ORDERS100008S01
1157ER_NET_UNCOMPRESS_ERRORS100008S01
1158ER_NET_READ_ERRORS100008S01
1159ER_NET_READ_INTERRUPTEDS100008S01
1160ER_NET_ERROR_ON_WRITES100008S01
1161ER_NET_WRITE_INTERRUPTEDS100008S01
1162ER_TOO_LONG_STRINGS100042000
1163ER_TABLE_CANT_HANDLE_BLOBS100042000
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1172ER_TOO_MANY_ROWSS100042000
1173ER_REQUIRES_PRIMARY_KEYS100042000
1177ER_CHECK_NO_SUCH_TABLES100042000
1178ER_CHECK_NOT_IMPLEMENTEDS100042000
1179ER_CANT_DO_THIS_DURING_AN_TRANSACTIONS100025000
1184ER_NEW_ABORTING_CONNECTIONS100008S01
1189ER_MASTER_NET_READS100008S01
1190ER_MASTER_NET_WRITES100008S01
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1205ER_LOCK_WAIT_TIMEOUT4100041000
1207ER_READ_ONLY_TRANSACTIONS100025000
1211ER_NO_PERMISSION_TO_CREATE_USERS100042000
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1226ER_USER_LIMIT_REACHEDS100042000
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1239ER_WRONG_FK_DEFS100042000
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1248ER_DERIVED_MUST_HAVE_ALIASS100042000
1249ER_SELECT_REDUCEDS100001000
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1251ER_NOT_SUPPORTED_AUTH_MODES100008004
1252ER_SPATIAL_CANT_HAVE_NULLS100042000
1253ER_COLLATION_CHARSET_MISMATCHS100042000
1261ER_WARN_TOO_FEW_RECORDSS100001000
1262ER_WARN_TOO_MANY_RECORDSS100001000
1263ER_WARN_NULL_TO_NOTNULLS100001000
1264ER_WARN_DATA_OUT_OF_RANGES100001000
1265ER_WARN_DATA_TRUNCATEDS100001000
1280ER_WRONG_NAME_FOR_INDEXS100042000
1281ER_WRONG_NAME_FOR_CATALOGS100042000
1286ER_UNKNOWN_STORAGE_ENGINES100042000

20.3.5. Connector/J Notes and Tips

20.3.5.1. Basic JDBC Concepts

This section provides some general JDBC background.

20.3.5.1.1. Connecting to MySQL Using the DriverManager Interface

When you are using JDBC outside of an application server, the DriverManager class manages the establishment of Connections.

The DriverManager needs to be told which JDBC drivers it should try to make Connections with. The easiest way to do this is to use Class.forName() on the class that implements the java.sql.Driver interface. With MySQL Connector/J, the name of this class is com.mysql.jdbc.Driver. With this method, you could use an external configuration file to supply the driver class name and driver parameters to use when connecting to a database.

The following section of Java code shows how you might register MySQL Connector/J from the main() method of your application. If testing this code please ensure you read the installation section first at Section 20.3.2, “Connector/J Installation”, to make sure you have connector installed correctly and the CLASSPATH set up. Also, ensure that MySQL is configured to accept external TCP/IP connections.

import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.SQLException;

// Notice, do not import com.mysql.jdbc.*
// or you will have problems!

public class LoadDriver {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        try {
            // The newInstance() call is a work around for some
            // broken Java implementations

            Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver").newInstance();
        } catch (Exception ex) {
            // handle the error
        }
    }
}

After the driver has been registered with the DriverManager, you can obtain a Connection instance that is connected to a particular database by calling DriverManager.getConnection():

Example 20.1. Connector/J: Obtaining a connection from the DriverManager

If you have not already done so, please review the section Section 20.3.5.1.1, “Connecting to MySQL Using the DriverManager Interface” before working with these examples.

This example shows how you can obtain a Connection instance from the DriverManager. There are a few different signatures for the getConnection() method. You should see the API documentation that comes with your JDK for more specific information on how to use them.

import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.SQLException;

Connection conn = null;
...
try {
    conn =
       DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:mysql://localhost/test?" +
                                   "user=monty&password=greatsqldb");

    // Do something with the Connection

   ...
} catch (SQLException ex) {
    // handle any errors
    System.out.println("SQLException: " + ex.getMessage());
    System.out.println("SQLState: " + ex.getSQLState());
    System.out.println("VendorError: " + ex.getErrorCode());
}

Once a Connection is established, it can be used to create Statement and PreparedStatement objects, as well as retrieve metadata about the database. This is explained in the following sections.

20.3.5.1.2. Using Statements to Execute SQL

Statement objects allow you to execute basic SQL queries and retrieve the results through the ResultSet class which is described later.

To create a Statement instance, you call the createStatement() method on the Connection object you have retrieved via one of the DriverManager.getConnection() or DataSource.getConnection() methods described earlier.

Once you have a Statement instance, you can execute a SELECT query by calling the executeQuery(String) method with the SQL you want to use.

To update data in the database, use the executeUpdate(String SQL) method. This method returns the number of rows affected by the update statement.

If you do not know ahead of time whether the SQL statement will be a SELECT or an UPDATE/INSERT, then you can use the execute(String SQL) method. This method will return true if the SQL query was a SELECT, or false if it was an UPDATE, INSERT, or DELETE statement. If the statement was a SELECT query, you can retrieve the results by calling the getResultSet() method. If the statement was an UPDATE, INSERT, or DELETE statement, you can retrieve the affected rows count by calling getUpdateCount() on the Statement instance.

Example 20.2. Connector/J: Using java.sql.Statement to execute a SELECT query

import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.sql.Statement;
import java.sql.ResultSet;

// assume that conn is an already created JDBC connection (see previous examples)

Statement stmt = null;
ResultSet rs = null;

try {
    stmt = conn.createStatement();
    rs = stmt.executeQuery("SELECT foo FROM bar");

    // or alternatively, if you don't know ahead of time that
    // the query will be a SELECT...

    if (stmt.execute("SELECT foo FROM bar")) {
        rs = stmt.getResultSet();
    }

    // Now do something with the ResultSet ....
}
catch (SQLException ex){
    // handle any errors
    System.out.println("SQLException: " + ex.getMessage());
    System.out.println("SQLState: " + ex.getSQLState());
    System.out.println("VendorError: " + ex.getErrorCode());
}
finally {
    // it is a good idea to release
    // resources in a finally{} block
    // in reverse-order of their creation
    // if they are no-longer needed

    if (rs != null) {
        try {
            rs.close();
        } catch (SQLException sqlEx) { } // ignore

        rs = null;
    }

    if (stmt != null) {
        try {
            stmt.close();
        } catch (SQLException sqlEx) { } // ignore

        stmt = null;
    }
}
20.3.5.1.3. Using CallableStatements to Execute Stored Procedures

Starting with MySQL server version 5.0 when used with Connector/J 3.1.1 or newer, the java.sql.CallableStatement interface is fully implemented with the exception of the getParameterMetaData() method.

For more information on MySQL stored procedures, please refer to http://dev.mysql.com/doc/mysql/en/stored-routines.html.

Connector/J exposes stored procedure functionality through JDBC's CallableStatement interface.

Note

Current versions of MySQL server do not return enough information for the JDBC driver to provide result set metadata for callable statements. This means that when using CallableStatement, ResultSetMetaData may return NULL.

The following example shows a stored procedure that returns the value of inOutParam incremented by 1, and the string passed in via inputParam as a ResultSet:

Example 20.3. Connector/J: Calling Stored Procedures

CREATE PROCEDURE demoSp(IN inputParam VARCHAR(255), \
                                        INOUT inOutParam INT)
BEGIN
    DECLARE z INT;
    SET z = inOutParam + 1;
    SET inOutParam = z;

    SELECT inputParam;

    SELECT CONCAT('zyxw', inputParam);
END

To use the demoSp procedure with Connector/J, follow these steps:

  1. Prepare the callable statement by using Connection.prepareCall() .

    Notice that you have to use JDBC escape syntax, and that the parentheses surrounding the parameter placeholders are not optional:

    Example 20.4. Connector/J: Using Connection.prepareCall()

    import java.sql.CallableStatement;
    
    ...
    
        //
        // Prepare a call to the stored procedure 'demoSp'
        // with two parameters
        //
        // Notice the use of JDBC-escape syntax ({call ...})
        //
    
        CallableStatement cStmt = conn.prepareCall("{call demoSp(?, ?)}");
    
    
    
        cStmt.setString(1, "abcdefg");

    Note

    Connection.prepareCall() is an expensive method, due to the metadata retrieval that the driver performs to support output parameters. For performance reasons, you should try to minimize unnecessary calls to Connection.prepareCall() by reusing CallableStatement instances in your code.

  2. Register the output parameters (if any exist)

    To retrieve the values of output parameters (parameters specified as OUT or INOUT when you created the stored procedure), JDBC requires that they be specified before statement execution using the various registerOutputParameter() methods in the CallableStatement interface:

    Example 20.5. Connector/J: Registering output parameters

    import java.sql.Types;
    ...
    //
    // Connector/J supports both named and indexed
    // output parameters. You can register output
    // parameters using either method, as well
    // as retrieve output parameters using either
    // method, regardless of what method was
    // used to register them.
    //
    // The following examples show how to use
    // the various methods of registering
    // output parameters (you should of course
    // use only one registration per parameter).
    //
    
    //
    // Registers the second parameter as output, and
    // uses the type 'INTEGER' for values returned from
    // getObject()
    //
    
    cStmt.registerOutParameter(2, Types.INTEGER);
    
    //
    // Registers the named parameter 'inOutParam', and
    // uses the type 'INTEGER' for values returned from
    // getObject()
    //
    
    cStmt.registerOutParameter("inOutParam", Types.INTEGER);
    ...
    

  3. Set the input parameters (if any exist)

    Input and in/out parameters are set as for PreparedStatement objects. However, CallableStatement also supports setting parameters by name:

    Example 20.6. Connector/J: Setting CallableStatement input parameters

    ...
    
        //
        // Set a parameter by index
        //
    
        cStmt.setString(1, "abcdefg");
    
        //
        // Alternatively, set a parameter using
        // the parameter name
        //
    
        cStmt.setString("inputParameter", "abcdefg");
    
        //
        // Set the 'in/out' parameter using an index
        //
    
        cStmt.setInt(2, 1);
    
        //
        // Alternatively, set the 'in/out' parameter
        // by name
        //
    
        cStmt.setInt("inOutParam", 1);
    
    ...

  4. Execute the CallableStatement, and retrieve any result sets or output parameters.

    Although CallableStatement supports calling any of the Statement execute methods (executeUpdate(), executeQuery() or execute()), the most flexible method to call is execute(), as you do not need to know ahead of time if the stored procedure returns result sets:

    Example 20.7. Connector/J: Retrieving results and output parameter values

    ...
    
        boolean hadResults = cStmt.execute();
    
        //
        // Process all returned result sets
        //
    
        while (hadResults) {
            ResultSet rs = cStmt.getResultSet();
    
            // process result set
            ...
    
            hadResults = cStmt.getMoreResults();
        }
    
        //
        // Retrieve output parameters
        //
        // Connector/J supports both index-based and
        // name-based retrieval
        //
    
        int outputValue = cStmt.getInt(2); // index-based
    
        outputValue = cStmt.getInt("inOutParam"); // name-based
    
    ...

20.3.5.1.4. Retrieving AUTO_INCREMENT Column Values

Before version 3.0 of the JDBC API, there was no standard way of retrieving key values from databases that supported auto increment or identity columns. With older JDBC drivers for MySQL, you could always use a MySQL-specific method on the Statement interface, or issue the query SELECT LAST_INSERT_ID() after issuing an INSERT to a table that had an AUTO_INCREMENT key. Using the MySQL-specific method call isn't portable, and issuing a SELECT to get the AUTO_INCREMENT key's value requires another round-trip to the database, which isn't as efficient as possible. The following code snippets demonstrate the three different ways to retrieve AUTO_INCREMENT values. First, we demonstrate the use of the new JDBC-3.0 method getGeneratedKeys() which is now the preferred method to use if you need to retrieve AUTO_INCREMENT keys and have access to JDBC-3.0. The second example shows how you can retrieve the same value using a standard SELECT LAST_INSERT_ID() query. The final example shows how updatable result sets can retrieve the AUTO_INCREMENT value when using the insertRow() method.

Example 20.8. Connector/J: Retrieving AUTO_INCREMENT column values using Statement.getGeneratedKeys()

   Statement stmt = null;
   ResultSet rs = null;

   try {

    //
    // Create a Statement instance that we can use for
    // 'normal' result sets assuming you have a
    // Connection 'conn' to a MySQL database already
    // available

    stmt = conn.createStatement(java.sql.ResultSet.TYPE_FORWARD_ONLY,
                                java.sql.ResultSet.CONCUR_UPDATABLE);

    //
    // Issue the DDL queries for the table for this example
    //

    stmt.executeUpdate("DROP TABLE IF EXISTS autoIncTutorial");
    stmt.executeUpdate(
            "CREATE TABLE autoIncTutorial ("
            + "priKey INT NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, "
            + "dataField VARCHAR(64), PRIMARY KEY (priKey))");

    //
    // Insert one row that will generate an AUTO INCREMENT
    // key in the 'priKey' field
    //

    stmt.executeUpdate(
            "INSERT INTO autoIncTutorial (dataField) "
            + "values ('Can I Get the Auto Increment Field?')",
            Statement.RETURN_GENERATED_KEYS);

    //
    // Example of using Statement.getGeneratedKeys()
    // to retrieve the value of an auto-increment
    // value
    //

    int autoIncKeyFromApi = -1;

    rs = stmt.getGeneratedKeys();

    if (rs.next()) {
        autoIncKeyFromApi = rs.getInt(1);
    } else {

        // throw an exception from here
    }

    rs.close();

    rs = null;

    System.out.println("Key returned from getGeneratedKeys():"
        + autoIncKeyFromApi);
} finally {

    if (rs != null) {
        try {
            rs.close();
        } catch (SQLException ex) {
            // ignore
        }
    }

    if (stmt != null) {
        try {
            stmt.close();
        } catch (SQLException ex) {
            // ignore
        }
    }
}

Example 20.9. Connector/J: Retrieving AUTO_INCREMENT column values using SELECT LAST_INSERT_ID()

   Statement stmt = null;
   ResultSet rs = null;

   try {

    //
    // Create a Statement instance that we can use for
    // 'normal' result sets.

    stmt = conn.createStatement();

    //
    // Issue the DDL queries for the table for this example
    //

    stmt.executeUpdate("DROP TABLE IF EXISTS autoIncTutorial");
    stmt.executeUpdate(
            "CREATE TABLE autoIncTutorial ("
            + "priKey INT NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, "
            + "dataField VARCHAR(64), PRIMARY KEY (priKey))");

    //
    // Insert one row that will generate an AUTO INCREMENT
    // key in the 'priKey' field
    //

    stmt.executeUpdate(
            "INSERT INTO autoIncTutorial (dataField) "
            + "values ('Can I Get the Auto Increment Field?')");

    //
    // Use the MySQL LAST_INSERT_ID()
    // function to do the same thing as getGeneratedKeys()
    //

    int autoIncKeyFromFunc = -1;
    rs = stmt.executeQuery("SELECT LAST_INSERT_ID()");

    if (rs.next()) {
        autoIncKeyFromFunc = rs.getInt(1);
    } else {
        // throw an exception from here
    }

    rs.close();

    System.out.println("Key returned from " +
                       "'SELECT LAST_INSERT_ID()': " +
                       autoIncKeyFromFunc);

} finally {

    if (rs != null) {
        try {
            rs.close();
        } catch (SQLException ex) {
            // ignore
        }
    }

    if (stmt != null) {
        try {
            stmt.close();
        } catch (SQLException ex) {
            // ignore
        }
    }
}
   

Example 20.10. Connector/J: Retrieving AUTO_INCREMENT column values in Updatable ResultSets

   Statement stmt = null;
   ResultSet rs = null;

   try {

    //
    // Create a Statement instance that we can use for
    // 'normal' result sets as well as an 'updatable'
    // one, assuming you have a Connection 'conn' to
    // a MySQL database already available
    //

    stmt = conn.createStatement(java.sql.ResultSet.TYPE_FORWARD_ONLY,
                                java.sql.ResultSet.CONCUR_UPDATABLE);

    //
    // Issue the DDL queries for the table for this example
    //

    stmt.executeUpdate("DROP TABLE IF EXISTS autoIncTutorial");
    stmt.executeUpdate(
            "CREATE TABLE autoIncTutorial ("
            + "priKey INT NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, "
            + "dataField VARCHAR(64), PRIMARY KEY (priKey))");

    //
    // Example of retrieving an AUTO INCREMENT key
    // from an updatable result set
    //

    rs = stmt.executeQuery("SELECT priKey, dataField "
       + "FROM autoIncTutorial");

    rs.moveToInsertRow();

    rs.updateString("dataField", "AUTO INCREMENT here?");
    rs.insertRow();

    //
    // the driver adds rows at the end
    //

    rs.last();

    //
    // We should now be on the row we just inserted
    //

    int autoIncKeyFromRS = rs.getInt("priKey");

    rs.close();

    rs = null;

    System.out.println("Key returned for inserted row: "
        + autoIncKeyFromRS);

} finally {

    if (rs != null) {
        try {
            rs.close();
        } catch (SQLException ex) {
            // ignore
        }
    }

    if (stmt != null) {
        try {
            stmt.close();
        } catch (SQLException ex) {
            // ignore
        }
    }
}


   

When you run the preceding example code, you should get the following output: Key returned from getGeneratedKeys(): 1 Key returned from SELECT LAST_INSERT_ID(): 1 Key returned for inserted row: 2 You should be aware, that at times, it can be tricky to use the SELECT LAST_INSERT_ID() query, as that function's value is scoped to a connection. So, if some other query happens on the same connection, the value will be overwritten. On the other hand, the getGeneratedKeys() method is scoped by the Statement instance, so it can be used even if other queries happen on the same connection, but not on the same Statement instance.

20.3.5.2. Using Connector/J with J2EE and Other Java Frameworks

This section describes how to use Connector/J in several contexts.

20.3.5.2.1. General J2EE Concepts

This section provides general background on J2EE concepts that pertain to use of Connector/J.

20.3.5.2.1.1. Understanding Connection Pooling

Connection pooling is a technique of creating and managing a pool of connections that are ready for use by any thread that needs them.

This technique of pooling connections is based on the fact that most applications only need a thread to have access to a JDBC connection when they are actively processing a transaction, which usually take only milliseconds to complete. When not processing a transaction, the connection would otherwise sit idle. Instead, connection pooling allows the idle connection to be used by some other thread to do useful work.

In practice, when a thread needs to do work against a MySQL or other database with JDBC, it requests a connection from the pool. When the thread is finished using the connection, it returns it to the pool, so that it may be used by any other threads that want to use it.

When the connection is loaned out from the pool, it is used exclusively by the thread that requested it. From a programming point of view, it is the same as if your thread called DriverManager.getConnection() every time it needed a JDBC connection, however with connection pooling, your thread may end up using either a new, or already-existing connection.

Connection pooling can greatly increase the performance of your Java application, while reducing overall resource usage. The main benefits to connection pooling are:

  • Reduced connection creation time

    Although this is not usually an issue with the quick connection setup that MySQL offers compared to other databases, creating new JDBC connections still incurs networking and JDBC driver overhead that will be avoided if connections are recycled.

  • Simplified programming model

    When using connection pooling, each individual thread can act as though it has created its own JDBC connection, allowing you to use straight-forward JDBC programming techniques.

  • Controlled resource usage

    If you do not use connection pooling, and instead create a new connection every time a thread needs one, your application's resource usage can be quite wasteful and lead to unpredictable behavior under load.

Remember that each connection to MySQL has overhead (memory, CPU, context switches, and so forth) on both the client and server side. Every connection limits how many resources there are available to your application as well as the MySQL server. Many of these resources will be used whether or not the connection is actually doing any useful work!

Connection pools can be tuned to maximize performance, while keeping resource utilization below the point where your application will start to fail rather than just run slower.

Luckily, Sun has standardized the concept of connection pooling in JDBC through the JDBC-2.0 Optional interfaces, and all major application servers have implementations of these APIs that work fine with MySQL Connector/J.

Generally, you configure a connection pool in your application server configuration files, and access it via the Java Naming and Directory Interface (JNDI). The following code shows how you might use a connection pool from an application deployed in a J2EE application server:

Example 20.11. Connector/J: Using a connection pool with a J2EE application server

import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.sql.Statement;

import javax.naming.InitialContext;
import javax.sql.DataSource;


public class MyServletJspOrEjb {

    public void doSomething() throws Exception {
        /*
         * Create a JNDI Initial context to be able to
         *  lookup  the DataSource
         *
         * In production-level code, this should be cached as
         * an instance or static variable, as it can
         * be quite expensive to create a JNDI context.
         *
         * Note: This code only works when you are using servlets
         * or EJBs in a J2EE application server. If you are
         * using connection pooling in standalone Java code, you
         * will have to create/configure datasources using whatever
         * mechanisms your particular connection pooling library
         * provides.
         */

        InitialContext ctx = new InitialContext();

         /*
          * Lookup the DataSource, which will be backed by a pool
          * that the application server provides. DataSource instances
          * are also a good candidate for caching as an instance
          * variable, as JNDI lookups can be expensive as well.
          */

        DataSource ds =
          (DataSource)ctx.lookup("java:comp/env/jdbc/MySQLDB");

        /*
         * The following code is what would actually be in your
         * Servlet, JSP or EJB 'service' method...where you need
         * to work with a JDBC connection.
         */

        Connection conn = null;
        Statement stmt = null;

        try {
            conn = ds.getConnection();

            /*
             * Now, use normal JDBC programming to work with
             * MySQL, making sure to close each resource when you're
             * finished with it, which allows the connection pool
             * resources to be recovered as quickly as possible
             */

            stmt = conn.createStatement();
            stmt.execute("SOME SQL QUERY");

            stmt.close();
            stmt = null;

            conn.close();
            conn = null;
        } finally {
            /*
             * close any jdbc instances here that weren't
             * explicitly closed during normal code path, so
             * that we don't 'leak' resources...
             */

            if (stmt != null) {
                try {
                    stmt.close();
                } catch (sqlexception sqlex) {
                    // ignore -- as we can't do anything about it here
                }

                stmt = null;
            }

            if (conn != null) {
                try {
                    conn.close();
                } catch (sqlexception sqlex) {
                    // ignore -- as we can't do anything about it here
                }

                conn = null;
            }
        }
    }
}

As shown in the example above, after obtaining the JNDI InitialContext, and looking up the DataSource, the rest of the code should look familiar to anyone who has done JDBC programming in the past.

The most important thing to remember when using connection pooling is to make sure that no matter what happens in your code (exceptions, flow-of-control, and so forth), connections, and anything created by them (such as statements or result sets) are closed, so that they may be re-used, otherwise they will be stranded, which in the best case means that the MySQL server resources they represent (such as buffers, locks, or sockets) may be tied up for some time, or worst case, may be tied up forever.

What Is the Best Size for my Connection Pool?

As with all other configuration rules-of-thumb, the answer is: it depends. Although the optimal size depends on anticipated load and average database transaction time, the optimum connection pool size is smaller than you might expect. If you take Sun's Java Petstore blueprint application for example, a connection pool of 15-20 connections can serve a relatively moderate load (600 concurrent users) using MySQL and Tomcat with response times that are acceptable.

To correctly size a connection pool for your application, you should create load test scripts with tools such as Apache JMeter or The Grinder, and load test your application.

An easy way to determine a starting point is to configure your connection pool's maximum number of connections to be unbounded, run a load test, and measure the largest amount of concurrently used connections. You can then work backward from there to determine what values of minimum and maximum pooled connections give the best performance for your particular application.

20.3.5.2.2. Using Connector/J with Tomcat

The following instructions are based on the instructions for Tomcat-5.x, available at http://tomcat.apache.org/tomcat-5.5-doc/jndi-datasource-examples-howto.html which is current at the time this document was written.

First, install the .jar file that comes with Connector/J in $CATALINA_HOME/common/lib so that it is available to all applications installed in the container.

Next, Configure the JNDI DataSource by adding a declaration resource to $CATALINA_HOME/conf/server.xml in the context that defines your web application:

<Context ....>

  ...

  <Resource name="jdbc/MySQLDB"
               auth="Container"
               type="javax.sql.DataSource"/>

  <!-- The name you used above, must match _exactly_ here!

       The connection pool will be bound into JNDI with the name
       "java:/comp/env/jdbc/MySQLDB"
  -->

  <ResourceParams name="jdbc/MySQLDB">
    <parameter>
      <name>factory</name>
      <value>org.apache.commons.dbcp.BasicDataSourceFactory</value>
    </parameter>

    <!-- Don't set this any higher than max_connections on your
         MySQL server, usually this should be a 10 or a few 10's
         of connections, not hundreds or thousands -->

    <parameter>
      <name>maxActive</name>
      <value>10</value>
    </parameter>

    <!-- You don't want to many idle connections hanging around
         if you can avoid it, only enough to soak up a spike in
         the load -->

    <parameter>
      <name>maxIdle</name>
      <value>5</value>
    </parameter>

    <!-- Don't use autoReconnect=true, it's going away eventually
         and it's a crutch for older connection pools that couldn't
         test connections. You need to decide whether your application
         is supposed to deal with SQLExceptions (hint, it should), and
         how much of a performance penalty you're willing to pay
         to ensure 'freshness' of the connection -->

    <parameter>
      <name>validationQuery</name>
      <value>SELECT 1</value> <-- See discussion below for update to this option -->
    </parameter>

   <!-- The most conservative approach is to test connections
        before they're given to your application. For most applications
        this is okay, the query used above is very small and takes
        no real server resources to process, other than the time used
        to traverse the network.

        If you have a high-load application you'll need to rely on
        something else. -->

    <parameter>
      <name>testOnBorrow</name>
      <value>true</value>
    </parameter>

   <!-- Otherwise, or in addition to testOnBorrow, you can test
        while connections are sitting idle -->

    <parameter>
      <name>testWhileIdle</name>
      <value>true</value>
    </parameter>

    <!-- You have to set this value, otherwise even though
         you've asked connections to be tested while idle,
         the idle evicter thread will never run -->

    <parameter>
      <name>timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis</name>
      <value>10000</value>
    </parameter>

    <!-- Don't allow connections to hang out idle too long,
         never longer than what wait_timeout is set to on the
         server...A few minutes or even fraction of a minute
         is sometimes okay here, it depends on your application
         and how much spikey load it will see -->

    <parameter>
      <name>minEvictableIdleTimeMillis</name>
      <value>60000</value>
    </parameter>

    <!-- Username and password used when connecting to MySQL -->

    <parameter>
     <name>username</name>
     <value>someuser</value>
    </parameter>

    <parameter>
     <name>password</name>
     <value>somepass</value>
    </parameter>

    <!-- Class name for the Connector/J driver -->

    <parameter>
       <name>driverClassName</name>
       <value>com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</value>
    </parameter>

    <!-- The JDBC connection url for connecting to MySQL, notice
         that if you want to pass any other MySQL-specific parameters
         you should pass them here in the URL, setting them using the
         parameter tags above will have no effect, you will also
         need to use &amp; to separate parameter values as the
         ampersand is a reserved character in XML -->

    <parameter>
      <name>url</name>
      <value>jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test</value>
    </parameter>

  </ResourceParams>
</Context>

Note that Connector/J 5.1.3 introduced a facility whereby, rather than use a validationQuery value of SELECT 1, it is possible to use validationQuery with a value set to /* ping */. This sends a ping to the server which then returns a fake result set. This is a lighter weight solution. It also has the advantage that if using ReplicationConnection or LoadBalancedConnection type connections, the ping will be sent across all active connections. The following XML snippet illustrates how to select this option:

<parameter>
 <name>validationQuery</name>
 <value>/* ping */</value>
</parameter>

Note that /* ping */ has to be specified exactly.

In general, you should follow the installation instructions that come with your version of Tomcat, as the way you configure datasources in Tomcat changes from time-to-time, and unfortunately if you use the wrong syntax in your XML file, you will most likely end up with an exception similar to the following:

Error: java.sql.SQLException: Cannot load JDBC driver class 'null ' SQL
state: null 
20.3.5.2.3. Using Connector/J with JBoss

These instructions cover JBoss-4.x. To make the JDBC driver classes available to the application server, copy the .jar file that comes with Connector/J to the lib directory for your server configuration (which is usually called default). Then, in the same configuration directory, in the subdirectory named deploy, create a datasource configuration file that ends with "-ds.xml", which tells JBoss to deploy this file as a JDBC Datasource. The file should have the following contents:

<datasources>
    <local-tx-datasource>
        <!-- This connection pool will be bound into JNDI with the name
             "java:/MySQLDB" -->

        <jndi-name>MySQLDB</jndi-name>
        <connection-url>jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/dbname</connection-url>
        <driver-class>com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</driver-class>
        <user-name>user</user-name>
        <password>pass</password>

        <min-pool-size>5</min-pool-size>

        <!-- Don't set this any higher than max_connections on your
         MySQL server, usually this should be a 10 or a few 10's
         of connections, not hundreds or thousands -->

        <max-pool-size>20</max-pool-size>

        <!-- Don't allow connections to hang out idle too long,
         never longer than what wait_timeout is set to on the
         server...A few minutes is usually okay here,
         it depends on your application
         and how much spikey load it will see -->

        <idle-timeout-minutes>5</idle-timeout-minutes>

        <!-- If you're using Connector/J 3.1.8 or newer, you can use
             our implementation of these to increase the robustness
             of the connection pool. -->

        <exception-sorter-class-name>
  com.mysql.jdbc.integration.jboss.ExtendedMysqlExceptionSorter
        </exception-sorter-class-name>
        <valid-connection-checker-class-name>
  com.mysql.jdbc.integration.jboss.MysqlValidConnectionChecker
        </valid-connection-checker-class-name>

    </local-tx-datasource>
</datasources> 
20.3.5.2.4. Using Connector/J with Spring

The Spring Framework is a Java-based application framework designed for assisting in application design by providing a way to configure components. The technique used by Spring is a well known design pattern called Dependency Injection (see Inversion of Control Containers and the Dependency Injection pattern). This article will focus on Java-oriented access to MySQL databases with Spring 2.0. For those wondering, there is a .NET port of Spring appropriately named Spring.NET.

Spring is not only a system for configuring components, but also includes support for aspect oriented programming (AOP). This is one of the main benefits and the foundation for Spring's resource and transaction management. Spring also provides utilities for integrating resource management with JDBC and Hibernate.

For the examples in this section the MySQL world sample database will be used. The first task is to set up a MySQL data source through Spring. Components within Spring use the "bean" terminology. For example, to configure a connection to a MySQL server supporting the world sample database you might use:

<util:map id="dbProps">
    <entry key="db.driver" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"/>
    <entry key="db.jdbcurl" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost/world"/>
    <entry key="db.username" value="myuser"/>
    <entry key="db.password" value="mypass"/>
</util:map>

        

In the above example we are assigning values to properties that will be used in the configuration. For the datasource configuration:

<bean id="dataSource"
       class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DriverManagerDataSource">
    <property name="driverClassName" value="${db.driver}"/>
    <property name="url" value="${db.jdbcurl}"/>
    <property name="username" value="${db.username}"/>
    <property name="password" value="${db.password}"/>
</bean>
        

The placeholders are used to provide values for properties of this bean. This means that you can specify all the properties of the configuration in one place instead of entering the values for each property on each bean. We do, however, need one more bean to pull this all together. The last bean is responsible for actually replacing the placeholders with the property values.

<bean
 class="org.springframework.beans.factory.config.PropertyPlaceholderConfigurer">
    <property name="properties" ref="dbProps"/>
</bean>
        

Now that we have our MySQL data source configured and ready to go, we write some Java code to access it. The example below will retrieve three random cities and their corresponding country using the data source we configured with Spring.

// Create a new application context. this processes the Spring config
ApplicationContext ctx =
    new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("ex1appContext.xml");
// Retrieve the data source from the application context
    DataSource ds = (DataSource) ctx.getBean("dataSource");
// Open a database connection using Spring's DataSourceUtils
Connection c = DataSourceUtils.getConnection(ds);
try {
    // retrieve a list of three random cities
    PreparedStatement ps = c.prepareStatement(
        "select City.Name as 'City', Country.Name as 'Country' " +
        "from City inner join Country on City.CountryCode = Country.Code " +
        "order by rand() limit 3");
    ResultSet rs = ps.executeQuery();
    while(rs.next()) {
        String city = rs.getString("City");
        String country = rs.getString("Country");
        System.out.printf("The city %s is in %s%n", city, country);
    }
} catch (SQLException ex) {
    // something has failed and we print a stack trace to analyse the error
    ex.printStackTrace();
    // ignore failure closing connection
    try { c.close(); } catch (SQLException e) { }
} finally {
    // properly release our connection
    DataSourceUtils.releaseConnection(c, ds);
}

This is very similar to normal JDBC access to MySQL with the main difference being that we are using DataSourceUtils instead of the DriverManager to create the connection.

While it may seem like a small difference, the implications are somewhat far reaching. Spring manages this resource in a way similar to a container managed data source in a J2EE application server. When a connection is opened, it can be subsequently accessed in other parts of the code if it is synchronized with a transaction. This makes it possible to treat different parts of your application as transactional instead of passing around a database connection.

20.3.5.2.4.1. Using JdbcTemplate

Spring makes extensive use of the Template method design pattern (see Template Method Pattern). Our immediate focus will be on the JdbcTemplate and related classes, specifically NamedParameterJdbcTemplate. The template classes handle obtaining and releasing a connection for data access when one is needed.

The next example shows how to use NamedParameterJdbcTemplate inside of a DAO (Data Access Object) class to retrieve a random city given a country code.

public class Ex2JdbcDao {
     /**
     * Data source reference which will be provided by Spring.
     */
     private DataSource dataSource;

     /**
     * Our query to find a random city given a country code. Notice
     * the ":country" parameter towards the end. This is called a
     * named parameter.
     */
     private String queryString = "select Name from City " +
        "where CountryCode = :country order by rand() limit 1";

     /**
     * Retrieve a random city using Spring JDBC access classes.
     */
     public String getRandomCityByCountryCode(String cntryCode) {
         // A template that allows using queries with named parameters
         NamedParameterJdbcTemplate template =
         new NamedParameterJdbcTemplate(dataSource);
         // A java.util.Map is used to provide values for the parameters
         Map params = new HashMap();
         params.put("country", cntryCode);
         // We query for an Object and specify what class we are expecting
         return (String)template.queryForObject(queryString, params, String.class);
     }

    /**
    * A JavaBean setter-style method to allow Spring to inject the data source.
    * @param dataSource
    */
    public void setDataSource(DataSource dataSource) {
        this.dataSource = dataSource;
    }
}
   

The focus in the above code is on the getRandomCityByCountryCode() method. We pass a country code and use the NamedParameterJdbcTemplate to query for a city. The country code is placed in a Map with the key "country", which is the parameter is named in the SQL query.

To access this code, you need to configure it with Spring by providing a reference to the data source.

<bean id="dao" class="code.Ex2JdbcDao">
    <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
</bean>

At this point, we can just grab a reference to the DAO from Spring and call getRandomCityByCountryCode().

// Create the application context
    ApplicationContext ctx =
    new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("ex2appContext.xml");
    // Obtain a reference to our DAO
    Ex2JdbcDao dao = (Ex2JdbcDao) ctx.getBean("dao");

    String countryCode = "USA";

    // Find a few random cities in the US
    for(int i = 0; i < 4; ++i)
        System.out.printf("A random city in %s is %s%n", countryCode,
            dao.getRandomCityByCountryCode(countryCode));

This example shows how to use Spring's JDBC classes to completely abstract away the use of traditional JDBC classes including Connection and PreparedStatement.

20.3.5.2.4.2. Transactional JDBC Access

You might be wondering how we can add transactions into our code if we do not deal directly with the JDBC classes. Spring provides a transaction management package that not only replaces JDBC transaction management, but also allows declarative transaction management (configuration instead of code).

In order to use transactional database access, we will need to change the storage engine of the tables in the world database. The downloaded script explicitly creates MyISAM tables which do not support transactional semantics. The InnoDB storage engine does support transactions and this is what we will be using. We can change the storage engine with the following statements.

ALTER TABLE City ENGINE=InnoDB;
ALTER TABLE Country ENGINE=InnoDB;
ALTER TABLE CountryLanguage ENGINE=InnoDB;

A good programming practice emphasized by Spring is separating interfaces and implementations. What this means is that we can create a Java interface and only use the operations on this interface without any internal knowledge of what the actual implementation is. We will let Spring manage the implementation and with this it will manage the transactions for our implementation.

First you create a simple interface:

public interface Ex3Dao {
    Integer createCity(String name, String countryCode,
    String district, Integer population);
}

This interface contains one method that will create a new city record in the database and return the id of the new record. Next you need to create an implementation of this interface.

public class Ex3DaoImpl implements Ex3Dao {
    protected DataSource dataSource;
    protected SqlUpdate updateQuery;
    protected SqlFunction idQuery;

    public Integer createCity(String name, String countryCode,
        String district, Integer population) {
            updateQuery.update(new Object[] { name, countryCode,
                   district, population });
            return getLastId();
        }

    protected Integer getLastId() {
        return idQuery.run();
    }
}

You can see that we only operate on abstract query objects here and do not deal directly with the JDBC API. Also, this is the complete implementation. All of our transaction management will be dealt with in the configuration. To get the configuration started, we need to create the DAO.

<bean id="dao" class="code.Ex3DaoImpl">
    <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
    <property name="updateQuery">...</property>
    <property name="idQuery">...</property>
</bean>

Now you need to set up the transaction configuration. The first thing you must do is create transaction manager to manage the data source and a specification of what transaction properties are required for the dao methods.

<bean id="transactionManager"
  class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager">
    <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
</bean>

<tx:advice id="txAdvice" transaction-manager="transactionManager">
    <tx:attributes>
        <tx:method name="*"/>
    </tx:attributes>
</tx:advice>

The preceding code creates a transaction manager that handles transactions for the data source provided to it. The txAdvice uses this transaction manager and the attributes specify to create a transaction for all methods. Finally you need to apply this advice with an AOP pointcut.

<aop:config>
    <aop:pointcut id="daoMethods"
        expression="execution(* code.Ex3Dao.*(..))"/>
     <aop:advisor advice-ref="txAdvice" pointcut-ref="daoMethods"/>
</aop:config>

This basically says that all methods called on the Ex3Dao interface will be wrapped in a transaction. To make use of this, you only have to retrieve the dao from the application context and call a method on the dao instance.

Ex3Dao dao = (Ex3Dao) ctx.getBean("dao");
Integer id = dao.createCity(name,  countryCode, district, pop);

We can verify from this that there is no transaction management happening in our Java code and it is all configured with Spring. This is a very powerful notion and regarded as one of the most beneficial features of Spring.

20.3.5.2.4.3. Connection Pooling

In many sitations, such as web applications, there will be a large number of small database transactions. When this is the case, it usually makes sense to create a pool of database connections available for web requests as needed. Although MySQL does not spawn an extra process when a connection is made, there is still a small amount of overhead to create and set up the connection. Pooling of connections also alleviates problems such as collecting large amounts of sockets in the TIME_WAIT state.

Setting up pooling of MySQL connections with Spring is as simple as changing the data source configuration in the application context. There are a number of configurations that we can use. The first example is based on the Jakarta Commons DBCP library. The example below replaces the source configuration that was based on DriverManagerDataSource with DBCP's BasicDataSource.

<bean id="dataSource" destroy-method="close"
  class="org.apache.commons.dbcp.BasicDataSource">
    <property name="driverClassName" value="${db.driver}"/>
    <property name="url" value="${db.jdbcurl}"/>
    <property name="username" value="${db.username}"/>
    <property name="password" value="${db.password}"/>
    <property name="initialSize" value="3"/>
</bean>

The configuration of the two solutions is very similar. The difference is that DBCP will pool connections to the database instead of creating a new connection every time one is requested. We have also set a parameter here called initialSize. This tells DBCP that we want three connections in the pool when it is created.

Another way to configure connection pooling is to configure a data source in our J2EE application server. Using JBoss as an example, you can set up the MySQL connection pool by creating a file called mysql-local-ds.xml and placing it in the server/default/deploy directory in JBoss. Once we have this setup, we can use JNDI to look it up. With Spring, this lookup is very simple. The data source configuration looks like this.

<jee:jndi-lookup id="dataSource" jndi-name="java:MySQL_DS"/>
20.3.5.2.5. Using Connector/J with GlassFish

20.3.5.3. Common Problems and Solutions

There are a few issues that seem to be commonly encountered often by users of MySQL Connector/J. This section deals with their symptoms, and their resolutions.

Questions

  • 20.3.5.3.1: When I try to connect to the database with MySQL Connector/J, I get the following exception:

    SQLException: Server configuration denies access to data source
    SQLState: 08001
    VendorError: 0

    What is going on? I can connect just fine with the MySQL command-line client.

  • 20.3.5.3.2: My application throws an SQLException 'No Suitable Driver'. Why is this happening?

  • 20.3.5.3.3: I'm trying to use MySQL Connector/J in an applet or application and I get an exception similar to:

    SQLException: Cannot connect to MySQL server on host:3306.
    Is there a MySQL server running on the machine/port you
    are trying to connect to?
    
    (java.security.AccessControlException)
    SQLState: 08S01
    VendorError: 0 
  • 20.3.5.3.4: I have a servlet/application that works fine for a day, and then stops working overnight

  • 20.3.5.3.5: I'm trying to use JDBC-2.0 updatable result sets, and I get an exception saying my result set is not updatable.

  • 20.3.5.3.6: I cannot connect to the MySQL server using Connector/J, and I'm sure the connection paramters are correct.

  • 20.3.5.3.7: I am trying to connect to my MySQL server within my application, but I get the following error and stack trace:

    java.net.SocketException
    MESSAGE: Software caused connection abort: recv failed
    
    STACKTRACE:
    
    java.net.SocketException: Software caused connection abort: recv failed
    at java.net.SocketInputStream.socketRead0(Native Method)
    at java.net.SocketInputStream.read(Unknown Source)
    at com.mysql.jdbc.MysqlIO.readFully(MysqlIO.java:1392)
    at com.mysql.jdbc.MysqlIO.readPacket(MysqlIO.java:1414)
    at com.mysql.jdbc.MysqlIO.doHandshake(MysqlIO.java:625)
    at com.mysql.jdbc.Connection.createNewIO(Connection.java:1926)
    at com.mysql.jdbc.Connection.<init>(Connection.java:452)
    at com.mysql.jdbc.NonRegisteringDriver.connect(NonRegisteringDriver.java:411)
  • 20.3.5.3.8: My application is deployed through JBoss and I am using transactions to handle the statements on the MySQL database. Under heavy loads I am getting a error and stack trace, but these only occur after a fixed period of heavy activity.

  • 20.3.5.3.9: When using gcj an java.io.CharConversionException is raised when working with certain character sequences.

  • 20.3.5.3.10: Updating a table that contains a primary key that is either FLOAT or compound primary key that uses FLOAT fails to update the table and raises an exception.

  • 20.3.5.3.11: You get an ER_NET_PACKET_TOO_LARGE exception, even though the binary blob size you want to insert via JDBC is safely below the max_allowed_packet size.

Questions and Answers

20.3.5.3.1: When I try to connect to the database with MySQL Connector/J, I get the following exception:

SQLException: Server configuration denies access to data source
SQLState: 08001
VendorError: 0

What is going on? I can connect just fine with the MySQL command-line client.

MySQL Connector/J must use TCP/IP sockets to connect to MySQL, as Java does not support Unix Domain Sockets. Therefore, when MySQL Connector/J connects to MySQL, the security manager in MySQL server will use its grant tables to determine whether the connection should be allowed.

You must add the necessary security credentials to the MySQL server for this to happen, using the GRANT statement to your MySQL Server. See Section 12.5.1.3, “GRANT Syntax”, for more information.

Note

Testing your connectivity with the mysql command-line client will not work unless you add the --host flag, and use something other than localhost for the host. The mysql command-line client will use Unix domain sockets if you use the special host name localhost. If you are testing connectivity to localhost, use 127.0.0.1 as the host name instead.

Warning

Changing privileges and permissions improperly in MySQL can potentially cause your server installation to not have optimal security properties.

20.3.5.3.2: My application throws an SQLException 'No Suitable Driver'. Why is this happening?

There are three possible causes for this error:

  • The Connector/J driver is not in your CLASSPATH, see Section 20.3.2, “Connector/J Installation”.

  • The format of your connection URL is incorrect, or you are referencing the wrong JDBC driver.

  • When using DriverManager, the jdbc.drivers system property has not been populated with the location of the Connector/J driver.

20.3.5.3.3: I'm trying to use MySQL Connector/J in an applet or application and I get an exception similar to:

SQLException: Cannot connect to MySQL server on host:3306.
Is there a MySQL server running on the machine/port you
are trying to connect to?

(java.security.AccessControlException)
SQLState: 08S01
VendorError: 0 

Either you're running an Applet, your MySQL server has been installed with the "--skip-networking" option set, or your MySQL server has a firewall sitting in front of it.

Applets can only make network connections back to the machine that runs the web server that served the .class files for the applet. This means that MySQL must run on the same machine (or you must have some sort of port re-direction) for this to work. This also means that you will not be able to test applets from your local file system, you must always deploy them to a web server.

MySQL Connector/J can only communicate with MySQL using TCP/IP, as Java does not support Unix domain sockets. TCP/IP communication with MySQL might be affected if MySQL was started with the "--skip-networking" flag, or if it is firewalled.

If MySQL has been started with the "--skip-networking" option set (the Debian Linux package of MySQL server does this for example), you need to comment it out in the file /etc/mysql/my.cnf or /etc/my.cnf. Of course your my.cnf file might also exist in the data directory of your MySQL server, or anywhere else (depending on how MySQL was compiled for your system). Binaries created by us always look in /etc/my.cnf and [datadir]/my.cnf. If your MySQL server has been firewalled, you will need to have the firewall configured to allow TCP/IP connections from the host where your Java code is running to the MySQL server on the port that MySQL is listening to (by default, 3306).

20.3.5.3.4: I have a servlet/application that works fine for a day, and then stops working overnight

MySQL closes connections after 8 hours of inactivity. You either need to use a connection pool that handles stale connections or use the "autoReconnect" parameter (see Section 20.3.4.1, “Driver/Datasource Class Names, URL Syntax and Configuration Properties for Connector/J”).

Also, you should be catching SQLExceptions in your application and dealing with them, rather than propagating them all the way until your application exits, this is just good programming practice. MySQL Connector/J will set the SQLState (see java.sql.SQLException.getSQLState() in your APIDOCS) to "08S01" when it encounters network-connectivity issues during the processing of a query. Your application code should then attempt to re-connect to MySQL at this point.

The following (simplistic) example shows what code that can handle these exceptions might look like:

Example 20.12. Connector/J: Example of transaction with retry logic

public void doBusinessOp() throws SQLException {
    Connection conn = null;
    Statement stmt = null;
    ResultSet rs = null;

    //
    // How many times do you want to retry the transaction
    // (or at least _getting_ a connection)?
    //
    int retryCount = 5;

    boolean transactionCompleted = false;

    do {
        try {
            conn = getConnection(); // assume getting this from a
                                    // javax.sql.DataSource, or the
                                    // java.sql.DriverManager

            conn.setAutoCommit(false);

            //
            // Okay, at this point, the 'retry-ability' of the
            // transaction really depends on your application logic,
            // whether or not you're using autocommit (in this case
            // not), and whether you're using transacational storage
            // engines
            //
            // For this example, we'll assume that it's _not_ safe
            // to retry the entire transaction, so we set retry
            // count to 0 at this point
            //
            // If you were using exclusively transaction-safe tables,
            // or your application could recover from a connection going
            // bad in the middle of an operation, then you would not
            // touch 'retryCount' here, and just let the loop repeat
            // until retryCount == 0.
            //
            retryCount = 0;

            stmt = conn.createStatement();

            String query = "SELECT foo FROM bar ORDER BY baz";

            rs = stmt.executeQuery(query);

            while (rs.next()) {
            }

            rs.close();
            rs = null;

            stmt.close();
            stmt = null;

            conn.commit();
            conn.close();
            conn = null;

            transactionCompleted = true;
        } catch (SQLException sqlEx) {

            //
            // The two SQL states that are 'retry-able' are 08S01
            // for a communications error, and 40001 for deadlock.
            //
            // Only retry if the error was due to a stale connection,
            // communications problem or deadlock
            //

            String sqlState = sqlEx.getSQLState();

            if ("08S01".equals(sqlState) || "40001".equals(sqlState)) {
                retryCount--;
            } else {
                retryCount = 0;
            }
        } finally {
            if (rs != null) {
                try {
                    rs.close();
                } catch (SQLException sqlEx) {
                    // You'd probably want to log this . . .
                }
            }

            if (stmt != null) {
                try {
                    stmt.close();
                } catch (SQLException sqlEx) {
                    // You'd probably want to log this as well . . .
                }
            }

            if (conn != null) {
                try {
                    //
                    // If we got here, and conn is not null, the
                    // transaction should be rolled back, as not
                    // all work has been done

                    try {
                        conn.rollback();
                    } finally {
                        conn.close();
                    }
                } catch (SQLException sqlEx) {
                    //
                    // If we got an exception here, something
                    // pretty serious is going on, so we better
                    // pass it up the stack, rather than just
                    // logging it. . .

                    throw sqlEx;
                }
            }
        }
    } while (!transactionCompleted && (retryCount > 0));
}

Note

Use of the autoReconnect option is not recommended because there is no safe method of reconnecting to the MySQL server without risking some corruption of the connection state or database state information. Instead, you should use a connection pool which will enable your application to connect to the MySQL server using an available connection from the pool. The autoReconnect facility is deprecated, and may be removed in a future release.

20.3.5.3.5: I'm trying to use JDBC-2.0 updatable result sets, and I get an exception saying my result set is not updatable.

Because MySQL does not have row identifiers, MySQL Connector/J can only update result sets that have come from queries on tables that have at least one primary key, the query must select every primary key and the query can only span one table (that is, no joins). This is outlined in the JDBC specification.

Note that this issue only occurs when using updatable result sets, and is caused because Connector/J is unable to guarantee that it can identify the correct rows within the result set to be updated without having a unique reference to each row. There is no requirement to have a unique field on a table if you are using UPDATE or DELETE statements on a table where you can individually specify the criteria to be matched using a WHERE clause.

20.3.5.3.6: I cannot connect to the MySQL server using Connector/J, and I'm sure the connection paramters are correct.

Make sure that the skip-networking option has not been enabled on your server. Connector/J must be able to communicate with your server over TCP/IP, named sockets are not supported. Also ensure that you are not filtering connections through a Firewall or other network security system. For more information, see Section B.5.2.2, “Can't connect to [local] MySQL server.

20.3.5.3.7: I am trying to connect to my MySQL server within my application, but I get the following error and stack trace:

java.net.SocketException
MESSAGE: Software caused connection abort: recv failed

STACKTRACE:

java.net.SocketException: Software caused connection abort: recv failed
at java.net.SocketInputStream.socketRead0(Native Method)
at java.net.SocketInputStream.read(Unknown Source)
at com.mysql.jdbc.MysqlIO.readFully(MysqlIO.java:1392)
at com.mysql.jdbc.MysqlIO.readPacket(MysqlIO.java:1414)
at com.mysql.jdbc.MysqlIO.doHandshake(MysqlIO.java:625)
at com.mysql.jdbc.Connection.createNewIO(Connection.java:1926)
at com.mysql.jdbc.Connection.<init>(Connection.java:452)
at com.mysql.jdbc.NonRegisteringDriver.connect(NonRegisteringDriver.java:411)

The error probably indicates that you are using a older version of the Connector/J JDBC driver (2.0.14 or 3.0.x) and you are trying to connect to a MySQL server with version 4.1x or newer. The older drivers are not compatible with 4.1 or newer of MySQL as they do not support the newer authentication mechanisms.

It is likely that the older version of the Connector/J driver exists within your application directory or your CLASSPATH includes the older Connector/J package.

20.3.5.3.8: My application is deployed through JBoss and I am using transactions to handle the statements on the MySQL database. Under heavy loads I am getting a error and stack trace, but these only occur after a fixed period of heavy activity.

This is a JBoss, not Connector/J, issue and is connected to the use of transactions. Under heavy loads the time taken for transactions to complete can increase, and the error is caused because you have exceeded the predefined timeout.

You can increase the timeout value by setting the TransactionTimeout attribute to the TransactionManagerService within the /conf/jboss-service.xml file (pre-4.0.3) or /deploy/jta-service.xml for JBoss 4.0.3 or later. See TransactionTimeoute within the JBoss wiki for more information.

20.3.5.3.9: When using gcj an java.io.CharConversionException is raised when working with certain character sequences.

This is a known issue with gcj which raises an exception when it reaches an unknown character or one it cannot convert. You should add useJvmCharsetConverters=true to your connection string to force character conversion outside of the gcj libraries, or try a different JDK.

20.3.5.3.10: Updating a table that contains a primary key that is either FLOAT or compound primary key that uses FLOAT fails to update the table and raises an exception.

Connector/J adds conditions to the WHERE clause during an UPDATE to check the old values of the primary key. If there is no match then Connector/J considers this a failure condition and raises an exception.

The problem is that rounding differences between supplied values and the values stored in the database may mean that the values never match, and hence the update fails. The issue will affect all queries, not just those from Connector/J.

To prevent this issue, use a primary key that does not use FLOAT. If you have to use a floating point column in your primary key use DOUBLE or DECIMAL types in place of FLOAT.

20.3.5.3.11: You get an ER_NET_PACKET_TOO_LARGE exception, even though the binary blob size you want to insert via JDBC is safely below the max_allowed_packet size.

This is because the hexEscapeBlock() method in com.mysql.jdbc.PreparedStatement.streamToBytes() may almost double the size of your data.

20.3.6. Connector/J Support

20.3.6.1. Connector/J Community Support

Sun Microsystems, Inc. provides assistance to the user community by means of its mailing lists. For Connector/J related issues, you can get help from experienced users by using the MySQL and Java mailing list. Archives and subscription information is available online at http://lists.mysql.com/java.

For information about subscribing to MySQL mailing lists or to browse list archives, visit http://lists.mysql.com/. See Section 1.6.1, “MySQL Mailing Lists”.

Community support from experienced users is also available through the JDBC Forum. You may also find help from other users in the other MySQL Forums, located at http://forums.mysql.com. See Section 1.6.2, “MySQL Community Support at the MySQL Forums”.

20.3.6.2. How to Report Connector/J Bugs or Problems

The normal place to report bugs is http://bugs.mysql.com/, which is the address for our bugs database. This database is public, and can be browsed and searched by anyone. If you log in to the system, you will also be able to enter new reports.

If you have found a sensitive security bug in MySQL, you can send email to .

Writing a good bug report takes patience, but doing it right the first time saves time both for us and for yourself. A good bug report, containing a full test case for the bug, makes it very likely that we will fix the bug in the next release.

This section will help you write your report correctly so that you do not waste your time doing things that may not help us much or at all.

If you have a repeatable bug report, please report it to the bugs database at http://bugs.mysql.com/. Any bug that we are able to repeat has a high chance of being fixed in the next MySQL release.

To report other problems, you can use one of the MySQL mailing lists.

Remember that it is possible for us to respond to a message containing too much information, but not to one containing too little. People often omit facts because they think they know the cause of a problem and assume that some details do not matter.

A good principle is this: If you are in doubt about stating something, state it. It is faster and less troublesome to write a couple more lines in your report than to wait longer for the answer if we must ask you to provide information that was missing from the initial report.

The most common errors made in bug reports are (a) not including the version number of Connector/J or MySQL used, and (b) not fully describing the platform on which Connector/J is installed (including the JVM version, and the platform type and version number that MySQL itself is installed on).

This is highly relevant information, and in 99 cases out of 100, the bug report is useless without it. Very often we get questions like, “Why doesn't this work for me?” Then we find that the feature requested wasn't implemented in that MySQL version, or that a bug described in a report has already been fixed in newer MySQL versions.

Sometimes the error is platform-dependent; in such cases, it is next to impossible for us to fix anything without knowing the operating system and the version number of the platform.

If at all possible, you should create a repeatable, stanalone testcase that doesn't involve any third-party classes.

To streamline this process, we ship a base class for testcases with Connector/J, named 'com.mysql.jdbc.util.BaseBugReport'. To create a testcase for Connector/J using this class, create your own class that inherits from com.mysql.jdbc.util.BaseBugReport and override the methods setUp(), tearDown() and runTest().

In the setUp() method, create code that creates your tables, and populates them with any data needed to demonstrate the bug.

In the runTest() method, create code that demonstrates the bug using the tables and data you created in the setUp method.

In the tearDown() method, drop any tables you created in the setUp() method.

In any of the above three methods, you should use one of the variants of the getConnection() method to create a JDBC connection to MySQL:

  • getConnection() - Provides a connection to the JDBC URL specified in getUrl(). If a connection already exists, that connection is returned, otherwise a new connection is created.

  • getNewConnection() - Use this if you need to get a new connection for your bug report (that is, there is more than one connection involved).

  • getConnection(String url) - Returns a connection using the given URL.

  • getConnection(String url, Properties props) - Returns a connection using the given URL and properties.

If you need to use a JDBC URL that is different from 'jdbc:mysql:///test', override the method getUrl() as well.

Use the assertTrue(boolean expression) and assertTrue(String failureMessage, boolean expression) methods to create conditions that must be met in your testcase demonstrating the behavior you are expecting (vs. the behavior you are observing, which is why you are most likely filing a bug report).

Finally, create a main() method that creates a new instance of your testcase, and calls the run method:

public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
      new MyBugReport().run();
 }

Once you have finished your testcase, and have verified that it demonstrates the bug you are reporting, upload it with your bug report to http://bugs.mysql.com/.

20.3.6.3. Connector/J Change History

The Connector/J Change History (Changelog) is located with the main Changelog for MySQL. See Section C.7, “MySQL Connector/J Change History”.

20.4. MySQL Connector/MXJ

MySQL Connector/MXJ is a Java Utility package for deploying and managing a MySQL database. Deploying and using MySQL can be as easy as adding an additional parameter to the JDBC connection url, which will result in the database being started when the first connection is made. This makes it easy for Java developers to deploy applications which require a database by reducing installation barriers for their end-users.

MySQL Connector/MXJ makes the MySQL database appear to be a java-based component. It does this by determining what platform the system is running on, selecting the appropriate binary, and launching the executable. It will also optionally deploy an initial database, with any specified parameters.

Included are instructions for use with a JDBC driver and deploying as a JMX MBean to JBoss.

You can download sources and binaries from: http://dev.mysql.com/downloads/connector/mxj/

This a beta release and feedback is welcome and encouraged.

Please send questions or comments to the MySQL and Java mailing list.

20.4.1. Connector/MXJ Overview

Connector/MXJ consists of a Java class, a copy of the mysqld binary for a specific list of platforms, and associated files and support utilities. The Java class controls the initialization of an instance of the embedded mysqld binary, and the ongoing management of the mysqld process. The entire sequence and management can be controlled entirely from within Java using the Connector/MXJ Java classes. You can see an overview of the contents of the Connector/MXJ package in the figure below.

Connector/MXJ Overview

It is important to note that Connector/MXJ is not an embedded version of MySQL, or a version of MySQL written as part of a Java class. Connector/MXJ works through the use of an embedded, compiled binary of mysqld as would normally be used when deploying a standard MySQL installation.

It is the Connector/MXJ wrapper, support classes and tools, that enable Connector/MXJ to appear as a MySQL instance.

When Connector/MXJ is initialized, the corresponding mysqld binary for the current platform is extracted, along with a pre-configured data directed. Both are contained within the Connector/MXJ JAR file. The mysqld instance is then started, with any additional options as specified during the initialization, and the MySQL database becomes accessible.

Because Connector/MXJ works in combination with Connector/J, you can access and integrate with the MySQL instance through a JDBC connection. When you have finished with the server, the instance is terminated, and, by default, any data created during the session is retained within the temporary directory created when the instance was started.

Connector/MXJ and the embedded mysqld instance can be deployed in a number of environments where relying on an existing database, or installing a MySQL instance would be impossible, including CD-ROM embedded database applications and temporary database requirements within a Java-based application environment.

20.4.2. Connector/MXJ Versions

  • Connector/MXJ 5.x, currently in beta status, includes mysqld version 5.x and includes binaries for Linux x86, Mac OS X PPC, Windows XP/NT/2000 x86 and Solaris SPARC. Connector/MXJ 5.x requires the Connector/J 5.x package.

    The exact version of mysqld included depends on the version of Connector/MXJ

    1. Connector/MXJ v5.0.3 included MySQL v5.0.22

    2. Connector/MXJ v5.0.4 includes MySQL v5.0.27 (Community) or MySQL v5.0.32 (Enterprise)

    3. Connector/MXJ v5.0.6 includes MySQL 5.0.37 (Community)

    4. Connector/MXJ v5.0.7 includes MySQL 5.0.41 (Community) or MySQL 5.0.42 (Enterprise)

    5. Connector/MXJ v5.0.8 includes MySQL 5.0.45 (Community) or MySQL 5.0.46 (Enterprise)

    6. Connector/MXJ v5.0.9 includes MySQL 5.0.51a (Community) or MySQL 5.0.54 (Enterprise)

  • Connector/MXJ 1.x includes mysqld version 4.1.13 and includes binaries for Linux x86, Windows XP/NT/2000 x86 and Solaris SPARC. Connector/MXJ 1.x requires the Connector/J 3.x package.

A summary of the different MySQL versions supplied with each Connector/MXJ release are shown in the table.

Connector/MXJ VersionMySQL Version(s)
5.0.85.0.45 (CS), 5.0.46 (ES)
5.0.75.0.41 (CS), 5.0.42 (ES)
5.0.65.0.37 (CS), 5.0.40 (ES)
5.0.55.0.37 (CS), 5.0.36 (ES)
5.0.45.0.27 (CS), 5.0.32 (ES)
5.0.35.0.22
5.0.25.0.19

This guide provides information on the Connector/MXJ 5.x release. For information on using the older releases, please see the documentation included with the appropriate distribution.

20.4.3. Connector/MXJ Installation

Connector/MXJ does not have a installation application or process, but there are some steps you can follow to make the installation and deployment of Connector/MXJ easier.

Before you start, there are some baseline requirements for

  • Java Runtime Environment (v1.4.0 or newer) if you are only going to deploy the package.

  • Java Development Kit (v1.4.0 or newer) if you want to build Connector/MXJ from source.

  • Connector/J 5.0 or newer.

Depending on your target installation/deployment environment you may also require:

20.4.3.1. Supported Platforms

Connector/MXJ is compatible with any platform supporting Java and MySQL. By default, Connector/MXJ incorporates the mysqld binary for a select number of platforms which differs by version. The following platforms have been tested and working as deployment platforms. Support for all the platforms listed below is not included by default.

  • Linux (i386)

  • FreeBSD (i386)

  • Windows NT (x86), Windows 2000 (x86), Windows XP (x86), Windows Vista (x86)

  • Solaris 8, SPARC 32-bit (compatible with Solaris 8, Solaris 9 and Solaris 10 on SPARC 32-bit and 64-bit platforms)

  • Mac OS X (PowerPC and Intel)

The Connector/MXJ 5.0.8 release includes mysqld binaries for the following platforms by as standard:

  • Linux (i386)

  • Windows (x86), compatible with Windows NT, Windows 2000, Windows XP , Windows Vista

  • Solaris 8, SPARC 32-bit (compatible with Solaris 8, Solaris 9 and Solaris 10 on SPARC 32-bit and 64-bit platforms)

  • Mac OS X (PowerPC and Intel)

For more information on packaging your own Connector/MXJ with the platforms you require, see Section 20.4.6.1, “Creating your own Connector/MXJ Package”

20.4.3.2. Connector/MXJ Base Installation

Because there is no formal installation process, the method, installation directory, and access methods you use for Connector/MXJ are entirely up to your individual requirements.

To perform a basic installation, choose a target directory for the files included in the Connector/MXJ package. On Unix/Linux systems you may opt to use a directory such as /usr/local/connector-mxj; On Windows, you may want to install the files in the base directory, C:\Connector-MXJ, or within the Program Files directory.

To install the files, for a Connector/MXJ 5.0.4 installation:

  1. Download the Connector/MXJ package, either in Tar/Gzip format (ideal for Unix/Linux systems) or Zip format (Windows).

  2. Extract the files from the package. This will create a directory mysql-connector-mxj-gpl-[ver]. Copy and optionally rename this directory to your desired location.

  3. For best results, you should update your global CLASSPATH variable with the location of the required jar files.

    Within Unix/Linux you can do this globally by editing the global shell profile, or on a user by user basis by editing their individual shell profile.

    On Windows 2000, Windows NT and Windows XP, you can edit the global CLASSPATH by editing the Environment Variables configured through the System control panel.

For Connector/MXJ 5.0.6 and later you need the following JAR files in your CLASSPATH:

  1. mysql-connector-mxj-gpl-[ver].jar — contains the main Connector/MXJ classes.

  2. mysql-connector-mxj-gpl-[ver]-db-files.jar — contains the embedded mysqld and database files.

  3. aspectjrt.jar — the AspectJ runtime library, located in lib/aspectjrt.jar in the Connector/MXJ package.

  4. mysql-connector-java-[ver]-bin.jar — Connector/J, see Section 20.3, “MySQL Connector/J”.

For Connector/MXJ 5.0.4 and later you need the following JAR files in your CLASSPATH:

  1. connector-mxj.jar — contains the main Connector/MXJ classes.

  2. connector-mxj-db-files.jar — contains the embedded mysqld and database files.

  3. aspectjrt.jar — the AspectJ runtime library, located in lib/aspectjrt.jar in the Connector/MXJ package.

  4. mysql-connector-mxj-gpl-[ver].jar — Connector/J, see Section 20.3, “MySQL Connector/J”.

For Connector/MXJ 5.0.3 and earlier, you need the following JAR files:

  1. connector-mxj.jar

  2. aspectjrt.jar — the AspectJ runtime library, located in lib/aspectjrt.jar in the Connector/MXJ package.

  3. mysql-connector-mxj-gpl-[ver].jar — Connector/J, see Section 20.3, “MySQL Connector/J”.

20.4.3.3. Connector/MXJ Quick Start Guide

Once you have extracted the Connector/MXJ and Connector/J components you can run one of the sample applications that initiates a MySQL instance. You can test the installation by running the ConnectorMXJUrlTestExample:

shell> java ConnectorMXJUrlTestExample
jdbc:mysql:mxj://localhost:3336/our_test_app?server.basedir»
    =/var/tmp/test-mxj&createDatabaseIfNotExist=true&server.initialize-user=true
[/var/tmp/test-mxj/bin/mysqld][--no-defaults][--port=3336][--socket=mysql.sock]»
    [--basedir=/var/tmp/test-mxj][--datadir=/var/tmp/test-mxj/data]»
    [--pid-file=/var/tmp/test-mxj/data/MysqldResource.pid]
[MysqldResource] launching mysqld (driver_launched_mysqld_1)
InnoDB: The first specified data file ./ibdata1 did not exist:
InnoDB: a new database to be created!
080220  9:40:20  InnoDB: Setting file ./ibdata1 size to 10 MB
InnoDB: Database physically writes the file full: wait...
080220  9:40:20  InnoDB: Log file ./ib_logfile0 did not exist: new to be created
InnoDB: Setting log file ./ib_logfile0 size to 5 MB
InnoDB: Database physically writes the file full: wait...
080220  9:40:20  InnoDB: Log file ./ib_logfile1 did not exist: new to be created
InnoDB: Setting log file ./ib_logfile1 size to 5 MB
InnoDB: Database physically writes the file full: wait...
InnoDB: Doublewrite buffer not found: creating new
InnoDB: Doublewrite buffer created
InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tables
InnoDB: Foreign key constraint system tables created
080220  9:40:21  InnoDB: Started; log sequence number 0 0
080220  9:40:21 [Note] /var/tmp/test-mxj/bin/mysqld: ready for connections.
Version: '5.0.51a'  socket: 'mysql.sock'  port: 3336  MySQL Community Server (GPL)
[MysqldResource] mysqld running as process: 2238
------------------------
SELECT VERSION()
------------------------
5.0.51a
------------------------
[MysqldResource] stopping mysqld (process: 2238)
080220  9:40:27 [Note] /var/tmp/test-mxj/bin/mysqld: Normal shutdown

080220  9:40:27  InnoDB: Starting shutdown...
080220  9:40:29  InnoDB: Shutdown completed; log sequence number 0 43655
080220  9:40:29 [Note] /var/tmp/test-mxj/bin/mysqld: Shutdown complete

[MysqldResource] shutdown complete

The above output shows an instance of MySQL starting, the necessary files being created (log files, InnoDB data files) and the MySQL database entering the running state. The instance is then shutdown by Connector/MXJ before the example terminates.

Warning

You should avoid running your Connector/MXJ application as the root user, because this will cause the mysqld to also be executed with root privileges. For more information, see Section 5.3.5, “How to Run MySQL as a Normal User”.

20.4.3.4. Deploying Connector/MXJ using Driver Launch

Connector/MXJ and Connector/J work together to enable you to launch an instance of the mysqld server through the use of a keyword in the JDBC connection string. Deploying Connector/MXJ within a Java application can be automated through this method, making the deployment of Connector/MXJ a simple process:

  1. Download and unzip Connector/MXJ, add mysql-connector-mxj-gpl-[ver].jar to the CLASSPATH.

    If you are using Connector/MXJ v5.0.4 or later you will also need to add the mysql-connector-mxj-gpl-[ver]-db-files.jar file to your CLASSPATH.

  2. To the JDBC connection string, embed the mxj keyword, for example: jdbc:mysql:mxj://localhost:PORT/DBNAME.

For more details, see Section 20.4.4, “Connector/MXJ Configuration”.

20.4.3.5. Deploying Connector/MXJ within JBoss

For deployment of Connector/MXJ within a JBoss environment, you must configure the JBoss environment to use the Connector/MXJ component within the JDBC parameters:

  1. Download Connector/MXJ and copy the mysql-connector-mxj-gpl-[ver].jar file to the $JBOSS_HOME/server/default/lib directory.

    If you are using Connector/MXJ v5.0.4 or later you will also need to copy the mysql-connector-mxj-gpl-[ver]-db-files.jar file to $JBOSS_HOME/server/default/lib.

  2. Download Connector/J and copy the mysql-connector-java-5.1.5-bin.jar file to the $JBOSS_HOME/server/default/lib directory.

  3. Create an MBean service xml file in the $JBOSS_HOME/server/default/deploy directory with any attributes set, for instance the datadir and autostart.

  4. Set the JDBC parameters of your web application to use:

    String driver = "com.mysql.jdbc.Driver";
    String url = "jdbc:mysql:///test?propertiesTransform="+
                 "com.mysql.management.jmx.ConnectorMXJPropertiesTransform";
    String user = "root";
    String password = "";
    Class.forName(driver);
    Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection(url, user, password); 

You may wish to create a separate users and database table spaces for each application, rather than using "root and test".

We highly suggest having a routine backup procedure for backing up the database files in the datadir.

20.4.3.6. Verifying Installation using JUnit

The best way to ensure that your platform is supported is to run the JUnit tests. These will test the Connector/MXJ classes and the associated components.

20.4.3.6.1. JUnit Test Requirements

The first thing to do is make sure that the components will work on the platform. The MysqldResource class is really a wrapper for a native version of MySQL, so not all platforms are supported. At the time of this writing, Linux on the i386 architecture has been tested and seems to work quite well, as does OS X v10.3. There has been limited testing on Windows and Solaris.

Requirements:

  1. JDK-1.4 or newer (or the JRE if you aren't going to be compiling the source or JSPs).

  2. MySQL Connector/J version 5.0 or newer (from http://dev.mysql.com/downloads/connector/j/) installed and available via your CLASSPATH.

  3. The javax.management classes for JMX version 1.2.1, these are present in the following application servers:

  4. JUnit 3.8.1 (from http://www.junit.org/).

If building from source, All of the requirements from above, plus:

  1. Ant version 1.5 or newer (download from http://ant.apache.org/).

20.4.3.6.2. Running the JUnit Tests
  1. The tests attempt to launch MySQL on the port 3336. If you have a MySQL running, it may conflict, but this isn't very likely because the default port for MySQL is 3306. However, You may set the "c-mxj_test_port" Java property to a port of your choosing. Alternatively, you may wish to start by shutting down any instances of MySQL you have running on the target machine.

    The tests suppress output to the console by default. For verbose output, you may set the "c-mxj_test_silent" Java property to "false".

  2. To run the JUnit test suite, the $CLASSPATH must include the following:

    • JUnit

    • JMX

    • Connector/J

    • MySQL Connector/MXJ

  3. If connector-mxj.jar is not present in your download, unzip MySQL Connector/MXJ source archive.

    cd mysqldjmx
    ant dist
         

    Then add $TEMP/cmxj/stage/connector-mxj/connector-mxj.jar to the CLASSPATH.

  4. If you have junit, execute the unit tests. From the command line, type:

    java com.mysql.management.AllTestsSuite
        

    The output should look something like this:

    .........................................
    .........................................
    ..........
    Time: 259.438
    
    OK (101 tests)
      

    Note that the tests are a bit slow near the end, so please be patient.

20.4.4. Connector/MXJ Configuration

20.4.4.1. Running as part of the JDBC Driver

A feature of the MySQL Connector/J JDBC driver is the ability to specify a connection to an embedded Connector/MXJ instance through the use of the mxj keyword in the JDBC connection string.

In the following example, we have a program which creates a connection, executes a query, and prints the result to the System.out. The MySQL database will be deployed and started as part of the connection process, and shutdown as part of the finally block.

You can find this file in the Connector/MXJ package as src/ConnectorMXJUrlTestExample.java.

import java.io.File;
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;

import com.mysql.management.driverlaunched.ServerLauncherSocketFactory;
import com.mysql.management.util.QueryUtil;

public class ConnectorMXJUrlTestExample {
  public static String DRIVER = "com.mysql.jdbc.Driver";

  public static String JAVA_IO_TMPDIR = "java.io.tmpdir";

  public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
    File ourAppDir = new File(System.getProperty(JAVA_IO_TMPDIR));
    File databaseDir = new File(ourAppDir, "test-mxj");
    int port = Integer.parseInt(System.getProperty("c-mxj_test_port", "3336"));
    String dbName = "our_test_app";

    String url = "jdbc:mysql:mxj://localhost:" + port + "/" + dbName //
      + "?" + "server.basedir=" + databaseDir //
      + "&" + "createDatabaseIfNotExist=true"//
      + "&" + "server.initialize-user=true" //
    ;

    System.out.println(url);

    String userName = "alice";
    String password = "q93uti0opwhkd";

    Class.forName(DRIVER);
    Connection conn = null;
    try {
      conn = DriverManager.getConnection(url, userName, password);
      String sql = "SELECT VERSION()";
      String queryForString = new QueryUtil(conn).queryForString(sql);

      System.out.println("------------------------");
      System.out.println(sql);
      System.out.println("------------------------");
      System.out.println(queryForString);
      System.out.println("------------------------");
      System.out.flush();
      Thread.sleep(100); // wait for System.out to finish flush
    } finally {
      try {
        if (conn != null)
           conn.close();
      } catch (Exception e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
      }

      ServerLauncherSocketFactory.shutdown(databaseDir, null);
    }
  }
}

To run the above program, be sure to have connector-mxj.jar and Connector/J in the CLASSPATH. Then type:

java ConnectorMXJTestExample
  

20.4.4.2. Running within a Java Object

If you have a java application and wish to “embed” a MySQL database, make use of the com.mysql.management.MysqldResource class directly. This class may be instantiated with the default (no argument) constructor, or by passing in a java.io.File object representing the directory you wish the server to be "unzipped" into. It may also be instantiated with printstreams for "stdout" and "stderr" for logging.

Once instantiated, a java.util.Map, the object will be able to provide a java.util.Map of server options appropriate for the platform and version of MySQL which you will be using.

The MysqldResource enables you to "start" MySQL with a java.util.Map of server options which you provide, as well as "shutdown" the database. The following example shows a simplistic way to embed MySQL in an application using plain java objects.

You can find this file in the Connector/MXJ package as src/ConnectorMXJObjectTestExample.java.

import java.io.File;
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

import com.mysql.management.MysqldResource;
import com.mysql.management.MysqldResourceI;
import com.mysql.management.util.QueryUtil;

public class ConnectorMXJObjectTestExample {
    public static final String DRIVER = "com.mysql.jdbc.Driver";

    public static final String JAVA_IO_TMPDIR = "java.io.tmpdir";

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        File ourAppDir = new File(System.getProperty(JAVA_IO_TMPDIR));
        File databaseDir = new File(ourAppDir, "mysql-mxj");
        int port = Integer.parseInt(System.getProperty("c-mxj_test_port",
                "3336"));
        String userName = "alice";
        String password = "q93uti0opwhkd";

        MysqldResource mysqldResource = startDatabase(databaseDir, port,
                userName, password);

        Class.forName(DRIVER);
        Connection conn = null;
        try {
            String dbName = "our_test_app";
            String url = "jdbc:mysql://localhost:" + port + "/" + dbName //
                    + "?" + "createDatabaseIfNotExist=true"//
            ;
            conn = DriverManager.getConnection(url, userName, password);
            String sql = "SELECT VERSION()";
            String queryForString = new QueryUtil(conn).queryForString(sql);

            System.out.println("------------------------");
            System.out.println(sql);
            System.out.println("------------------------");
            System.out.println(queryForString);
            System.out.println("------------------------");
            System.out.flush();
            Thread.sleep(100); // wait for System.out to finish flush
        } finally {
            try {
                if (conn != null) {
                    conn.close();
                }
            } catch (Exception e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            try {
                mysqldResource.shutdown();
            } catch (Exception e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }

    public static MysqldResource startDatabase(File databaseDir, int port,
            String userName, String password) {
        MysqldResource mysqldResource = new MysqldResource(databaseDir);

        Map database_options = new HashMap();
        database_options.put(MysqldResourceI.PORT, Integer.toString(port));
        database_options.put(MysqldResourceI.INITIALIZE_USER, "true");
        database_options.put(MysqldResourceI.INITIALIZE_USER_NAME, userName);
        database_options.put(MysqldResourceI.INITIALIZE_PASSWORD, password);

        mysqldResource.start("test-mysqld-thread", database_options);

        if (!mysqldResource.isRunning()) {
            throw new RuntimeException("MySQL did not start.");
        }

        System.out.println("MySQL is running.");

        return mysqldResource;
    }
}

20.4.4.3. Setting server options

Of course there are many options we may wish to set for a MySQL database. These options may be specified as part of the JDBC connection string simply by prefixing each server option with server.. In the following example we set two driver parameters and two server parameters:

        String url = "jdbc:mysql://" + hostColonPort + "/"
                + "?"
                + "cacheServerConfiguration=true"
                + "&"
                + "useLocalSessionState=true"
                + "&"
                + "server.basedir=/opt/myapp/db"
                + "&"
                + "server.datadir=/mnt/bigdisk/myapp/data";
  

Starting with Connector/MXJ 5.0.6 you can use the initialize-user property to a connection string. If set to true, the default anonymous and root users will be removed and the user/password combination from the connection URL will be used to create a new user. For example:

        String url = "jdbc:mysql:mxj://localhost:" + port
        + "/alice_db"
        + "?server.datadir=" + dataDir.getPath()
        + "&server.initialize-user=true"
        + "&createDatabaseIfNotExist=true"
        ;
      

20.4.5. Connector/MXJ Reference

The following sections include detailed information on the different API interfaces to Connector/MXJ.

20.4.5.1. MysqldResource Constructors

The MysqldResource class supports three different constructor forms:

  • public MysqldResource(File baseDir, File dataDir, String mysqlVersionString, PrintStream out, PrintStream err)

    Enables you to set the base directory, data directory, select a server by its version string, standard out and standard error.

  • public MysqldResource(File baseDir, File dataDir, String mysqlVersionString)

    Enables you to set the base directory, data directory and select a server by its version string. Output for standard out and standard err are directed to System.out and System.err.

  • public MysqldResource(File baseDir, File dataDir)

    Enables you to set the base directory and data directory. The default MySQL version is selected, and output for standard out and standard err are directed to System.out and System.err.

  • public MysqldResource(File baseDir);

    Allows the setting of the "basedir" to deploy the MySQL files to. Output for standard out and standard err are directed to System.out and System.err.

  • public MysqldResource();

    The basedir is defaulted to a subdirectory of the java.io.tempdir. Output for standard out and standard err are directed to System.out and System.err;

20.4.5.2. MysqldResource Methods

MysqldResource API includes the following methods:

  • void start(String threadName, Map mysqldArgs);

    Deploys and starts MySQL. The "threadName" string is used to name the thread which actually performs the execution of the MySQL command line. The map is the set of arguments and their values to be passed to the command line.

  • void shutdown();

    Shuts down the MySQL instance managed by the MysqldResource object.

  • Map getServerOptions();

    Returns a map of all the options and their current (or default, if not running) options available for the MySQL database.

  • boolean isRunning();

    Returns true if the MySQL database is running.

  • boolean isReadyForConnections();

    Returns true once the database reports that is ready for connections.

  • void setKillDelay(int millis);

    The default “Kill Delay” is 30 seconds. This represents the amount of time to wait between the initial request to shutdown and issuing a “force kill” if the database has not shutdown by itself.

  • void addCompletionListenser(Runnable listener);

    Allows for applications to be notified when the server process completes. Each ''listener'' will be fired off in its own thread.

  • String getVersion();

    Returns the version of MySQL.

  • void setVersion(int MajorVersion, int minorVersion, int patchLevel);

    The standard distribution comes with only one version of MySQL packaged. However, it is possible to package multiple versions, and specify which version to use.

20.4.6. Connector/MXJ Notes and Tips

This section contains notes and tips on using the Connector/MXJ component within your applications.

20.4.6.1. Creating your own Connector/MXJ Package

If you want to create a custom Connector/MXJ package that includes a specific mysqld version or platform then you must extract and rebuild the mysql-connector-mxj.jar (Connector/MXJ v5.0.3 or earlier) or mysql-connector-mxj-gpl-[ver]-db-files.jar (Connector/MXJ v5.0.4 or later) file.

First, you should create a new directory into which you can extract the current connector-mxj.jar:

shell> mkdir custom-mxj
shell> cd custom-mxj
shell> jar -xf connector-mxj.jar
shell> ls
5-0-22/
ConnectorMXJObjectTestExample.class
ConnectorMXJUrlTestExample.class
META-INF/
TestDb.class
com/
kill.exe

If you are using Connector/MXJ v5.0.4 or later, you should unpack the connector-mxj-db-files.jar:

shell> mkdir custom-mxj
shell> cd custom-mxj
shell> jar -xf connector-mxj-db-files.jar
shell> ls
5-0-51a/
META-INF/
connector-mxj.properties

The MySQL version directory, 5-0-22 or 5-0-51a in the preceding examples, contains all of the files used to create an instance of MySQL when Connector/MXJ is executed. All of the files in this directory are required for each version of MySQL that you want to embed. Note as well the format of the version number, which uses hyphens instead of periods to separate the version number components.

Within the version specific directory are the platform specific directories, and archives of the data and share directory required by MySQL for the various platforms. For example, here is the listing for the default Connector/MXJ package:

shell>> ls
Linux-i386/
META-INF/
Mac_OS_X-ppc/
SunOS-sparc/
Win-x86/
com/
data_dir.jar
share_dir.jar
win_share_dir.jar

Platform specific directories are listed by their OS and platform - for example the mysqld for Mac OS X PowerPC is located within the Mac_OS_X-ppc directory. You can delete directories from this location that you do not require, and add new directories for additional platforms that you want to support.

To add a platform specific mysqld, create a new directory with the corresponding name for your operating system/platform. For example, you could add a directory for Mac OS X/Intel using the directory Mac_OS_X-i386.

On Unix systems, you can determine the platform using uname:

shell> uname -p
i386

In Connector/MXJ v5.0.9 and later, an additional platform-map.properties file is used to associate a specific platform and operating system combination with the directory in which the mysqld for that combination is located. The determined operating system and platform are on the left, and the directory name where the appropriate mysqld is located is on the right. You can see a sample of the file below:

Linux-i386=Linux-i386
Linux-x86=Linux-i386
Linux-i686=Linux-i386
Linux-x86_64=Linux-i386
Linux-ia64=Linux-i386

#Linux-ppc=Linux-ppc
#Linux-ppc64=Linux-ppc

Mac_OS_X-i386=Mac_OS_X-i386
Mac_OS_X-ppc=Mac_OS_X-ppc
Rhapsody-PowerPC=Mac_OS_X-ppc
#Mac_OS-PowerPC=
#macos-PowerPC=
#MacOS-PowerPC=

SunOS-sparc=SunOS-sparc
Solaris-sparc=SunOS-sparc
SunOS-x86=SunOS-x86
Solaris-x86=SunOS-x86

FreeBSD-x86=FreeBSD-x86

Windows_Vista-x86=Win-x86
Windows_2003-x86=Win-x86
Windows_XP-x86=Win-x86
Windows_2000-x86=Win-x86
Windows_NT-x86=Win-x86
Windows_NT_(unknown)-x86=Win-x86
      

Now you need to download or compile mysqld for the MySQL version and platform you want to include in your custom connector-mxj.jar package into the new directory.

Create a file called version.txt in the OS/platform directory you have just created that contains the version string/path of the mysqld binary. For example:

mysql-5.0.22-osx10.3-i386/bin/mysqld

You can now recreate the connector-mxj.jar file with the added mysqld:

shell> cd custom-mxj
shell> jar -cf ../connector-mxj.jar *

For Connector/MXJ v5.0.4 and later, you should repackage to the connector-mxj-db-files.jar:

shell> cd custom-mxj
shell> jar -cf ../mysql-connector-mxj-gpl-[ver]-db-files.jar *

You should test this package using the steps outlined in Section 20.4.3.3, “Connector/MXJ Quick Start Guide”.

Note

Because the mysql-connector-mxj-gpl-[ver]-db-files.jar file is separate from the main Connector/MXJ classes you can distribute different mysql-connector-mxj-gpl-[ver]-db-files.jar files to different hotsts or for different projects without having to create a completely new main mysql-connector-mxj-gpl-[ver].jar file for each one.

20.4.6.2. Deploying Connector/MXJ with a pre-configured database

To include a pre-configured/populated database within your Connector/MXJ JAR file you must create a custom data_dir.jar file, as included within the main connector-mxj.jar (Connector/MXJ 5.0.3 or earlier) or mysql-connector-mxj-gpl-[ver]-db-files.jar (Connector/MXJ 5.0.4 or later) file:

  1. First extract the connector-mxj.jar or mysql-connector-gpl-[ver]-db-files.jar file, as outlined in the previous section (see Section 20.4.6.1, “Creating your own Connector/MXJ Package”).

  2. First, create your database and populate the database with the information you require in an existing instance of MySQL - including Connector/MXJ instances. Data file formats are compatible across platforms.

  3. Shutdown the instance of MySQL.

  4. Create a JAR file of the data directory and databases that you want to include your Connector/MXJ package. You should include the mysql database, which includes user authentication information, in addition to the specific databases you want to include. For example, to create a JAR of the mysql and mxjtest databases:

    shell> jar -cf ../data_dir.jar mysql mxjtest
  5. For Connector/MXJ 5.0.3 or earlier, copy the data_dir.jar file into the extracted connector-mxj.jar directory, and then create an archive for connector-mxj.jar.

    For Connector/MXJ 5.0.4 or later, copy the data_dir.jar file into the extracted mysql-connector-mxj-gpl-[ver]-db-files.jar directory, and then create an archive for mysql-connector-mxj-db-gpl-[ver]--files.jar.

Note that if you are create databases using the InnoDB engine, you must include the ibdata.* and ib_logfile* files within the data_dir.jar archive.

20.4.6.3. Running within a JMX Agent (custom)

As a JMX MBean, MySQL Connector/MXJ requires a JMX v1.2 compliant MBean container, such as JBoss version 4. The MBean will uses the standard JMX management APIs to present (and allow the setting of) parameters which are appropriate for that platform.

If you are not using the SUN Reference implementation of the JMX libraries, you should skip this section. Or, if you are deploying to JBoss, you also may wish to skip to the next section.

We want to see the MysqldDynamicMBean in action inside of a JMX agent. In the com.mysql.management.jmx.sunri package is a custom JMX agent with two MBeans:

  1. The MysqldDynamicMBean, and

  2. A com.sun.jdmk.comm.HtmlAdaptorServer, which provides a web interface for manipulating the beans inside of a JMX agent.

When this very simple agent is started, it will allow a MySQL database to be started and stopped with a web browser.

  1. Complete the testing of the platform as above.

    • Current JDK, JUnit, Connector/J, MySQL Connector/MXJ

    • This section requires the SUN reference implementation of JMX

    • PATH, JAVA_HOME, ANT_HOME, CLASSPATH

  2. If not building from source, skip to next step

    Rebuild with the "sunri.present"

    ant -Dsunri.present=true dist
    re-run tests:
    java junit.textui.TestRunner com.mysql.management.AllTestsSuite
    
  3. Launch the test agent from the command line:

    java com.mysql.management.jmx.sunri.MysqldTestAgentSunHtmlAdaptor &
         
  4. From a browser:

    http://localhost:9092/
         
  5. Under MysqldAgent,

    select "name=mysqld"
         
  6. Observe the MBean View

  7. Scroll to the bottom of the screen press the startMysqld button

  8. Click Back to MBean View

  9. Scroll to the bottom of the screen press stopMysqld button

  10. Kill the java process running the Test Agent (jmx server)

20.4.6.4. Deployment in a standard JMX Agent environment (JBoss)

Once there is confidence that the MBean will function on the platform, deploying the MBean inside of a standard JMX Agent is the next step. Included are instructions for deploying to JBoss.

  1. Ensure a current version of java development kit (v1.4.x), see above.

    • Ensure JAVA_HOME is set (JBoss requires JAVA_HOME)

    • Ensure JAVA_HOME/bin is in the PATH (You will NOT need to set your CLASSPATH, nor will you need any of the jars used in the previous tests).

  2. Ensure a current version of JBoss (v4.0RC1 or better)

    http://www.jboss.org/index.html
    select "Downloads"
    select "jboss-4.0.zip"
    pick a mirror
    unzip ~/dload/jboss-4.0.zip
    create a JBOSS_HOME environment variable set to the unzipped directory
    unix only:
    cd $JBOSS_HOME/bin
    chmod +x *.sh
    
  3. Deploy (copy) the connector-mxj.jar to $JBOSS_HOME/server/default/lib.

  4. Deploy (copy) mysql-connector-java-3.1.4-beta-bin.jar to $JBOSS_HOME/server/default/lib.

  5. Create a mxjtest.war directory in $JBOSS_HOME/server/default/deploy.

  6. Deploy (copy) index.jsp to $JBOSS_HOME/server/default/deploy/mxjtest.war.

  7. Create a mysqld-service.xml file in $JBOSS_HOME/server/default/deploy.

    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
     <server>
      <mbean code="com.mysql.management.jmx.jboss.JBossMysqldDynamicMBean"
         name="mysql:type=service,name=mysqld">
      <attribute name="datadir">/tmp/xxx_data_xxx</attribute>
      <attribute name="autostart">true</attribute>
      </mbean>
     </server>
         
  8. Start jboss:

    • On unix: $JBOSS_HOME/bin/run.sh

    • On windows: %JBOSS_HOME%\bin\run.bat

    Be ready: JBoss sends a lot of output to the screen.

  9. When JBoss seems to have stopped sending output to the screen, open a web browser to: http://localhost:8080/jmx-console

  10. Scroll down to the bottom of the page in the mysql section, select the bulleted mysqld link.

  11. Observe the JMX MBean View page. MySQL should already be running.

  12. (If "autostart=true" was set, you may skip this step.) Scroll to the bottom of the screen. You may press the Invoke button to stop (or start) MySQL observe Operation completed successfully without a return value. Click Back to MBean View

  13. To confirm MySQL is running, open a web browser to http://localhost:8080/mxjtest/ and you should see that

    SELECT 1

    returned with a result of

    1
  14. Guided by the $JBOSS_HOME/server/default/deploy/mxjtest.war/index.jsp you will be able to use MySQL in your Web Application. There is a test database and a root user (no password) ready to experiment with. Try creating a table, inserting some rows, and doing some selects.

  15. Shut down MySQL. MySQL will be stopped automatically when JBoss is stopped, or: from the browser, scroll down to the bottom of the MBean View press the stop service Invoke button to halt the service. Observe Operation completed successfully without a return value. Using ps or task manager see that MySQL is no longer running

As of 1.0.6-beta version is the ability to have the MBean start the MySQL database upon start up. Also, we've taken advantage of the JBoss life-cycle extension methods so that the database will gracefully shut down when JBoss is shutdown.

20.4.7. Connector/MXJ Support

There are a wide variety of options available for obtaining support for using Connector/MXJ. You should contact the Connector/MXJ community for help before reporting a potential bug or problem. See Section 20.4.7.1, “Connector/MXJ Community Support”.

20.4.7.1. Connector/MXJ Community Support

Sun Microsystems, Inc. provides assistance to the user community by means of a number of mailing lists and web based forums.

You can find help and support through the MySQL and Java mailing list.

For information about subscribing to MySQL mailing lists or to browse list archives, visit http://lists.mysql.com/. See Section 1.6.1, “MySQL Mailing Lists”.

Community support from experienced users is also available through the MyODBC Forum. You may also find help from other users in the other MySQL Forums, located at http://forums.mysql.com. See Section 1.6.2, “MySQL Community Support at the MySQL Forums”.

20.4.7.2. How to Report Connector/MXJ Problems

If you encounter difficulties or problems with Connector/MXJ, contact the Connector/MXJ community Section 20.4.7.1, “Connector/MXJ Community Support”.

If reporting a problem, you should ideally include the following information with the email:

  • Operating system and version

  • Connector/MXJ version

  • MySQL server version

  • Copies of error messages or other unexpected output

  • Simple reproducible sample

Remember that the more information you can supply to us, the more likely it is that we can fix the problem.

If you believe the problem to be a bug, then you must report the bug through http://bugs.mysql.com/.

20.4.7.3. Connector/MXJ Change History

The Connector/MXJ Change History (Changelog) is located with the main Changelog for MySQL. See Section C.8, “MySQL Connector/MXJ Change History”.

20.5. MySQL Connector/C

What is MySQL Connector/C?

MySQL Connector/C is a C client library for client-server communication. It is a standalone replacement for the MySQL Client Library shipped with the MySQL Server.

Why have a replacement for MySQL Client Library?

There is no need to compile or install the MySQL Server package if you only need the client library.

MySQL Connector/C does not rely on the MySQL Server release cycle, so bug fixes and new features are released more often.

MySQL Connector/C API documentation is available online.

Supported platforms include:

  • Windows

  • Windows x64

  • Linux

  • Solaris

  • FreeBSD

  • Mac OS X

  • HP-UX

  • IBM AIX

  • IBM i5/OS

20.5.1. Building MySQL Connector/C from the Source Code

Obtaining the Source Code

The source can be downloaded as a Zip file or tar-ball from the source repository on Launchpad.

  • Building on Unix

    Examples of supported Unix or Unix-like operating systems include:

    • Solaris

    • Linux

    • HP-UX

    • AIX

    • OS X

    Compiler Tools

    Ideally, the native compiler tool set for the target platform is used for compilation. This would be SunStudio for Solaris and aCC for HP-UX for example. However, the GNU tool-chain can be used across all platforms.

    You also need CMake 2.6 or newer, which is available online.

    To Build

    If using GNU AutoTools change to the MySQL Connector/C source directory and follow the procedure below.

    1. To generate the makefile enter:

      shell> cmake -G "Unix Makefiles"

      or for a Debug build enter:

      shell> cmake -G "Unix Makefiles" -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Debug
    2. Then build the project using:

      shell> make

    To Install

    By default make install will install the MySQL Connector/C files in the /usr/local directory. You can change this behavior by specifying another directory when generating the makefile:

    shell> cmake -G "Unix Makefiles" -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/mypath

    Now, in the root shell, enter the following to install the MySQL Connector/C libraries and tools:

    root-shell> make install

    At this point all of the MySQL Connector/C files will be in place.

  • Building on Microsoft Windows

    Older versions of Microsoft Windows are not supported. Supported versions are Windows 2000, Windows XP, Windows Vista, Windows Server 2003, or Windows Server 2008.

    Compiler Tools

    Microsoft Visual Studio 8 and 9 are recommended. The Express Edition of Visual Studio and other compilers may work, but are untested.

    You also need CMake 2.6 or newer, available at http://www.cmake.org

    To Build

    You need to have the environment variables set for the Visual Studio toolchain. Visual Studio includes a batch file to set these for you, and installs a shortcut into the Start menu to open a command prompt with these variables set.

    Build MySQL Connector/C using the CMake command-line tool by entering the following from the source root directory in a command prompt window:

    shell> cmake -G "Visual Studio 9 2008"

    This produces a project file that you can open with Visual Studio or build from the command line with either of:

    shell> devenv.com libmysql.sln /build Release
    shell> devenv.com libmysql.sln /build RelWithDebInfo

    For other versions of Visual Studio or nmake based build, run the following command:

    shell> cmake --help

    to check the supported generators.

    To compile the Debug build, you must run set the CMake build type so the correct version of external libraries are used:

    shell> cmake -G "Visual Studio 8 2005" -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Debug

    Followed by:

    shell> devenv.com libmysql.sln /build Debug

    To Install

    To create a install package you can choose between two variants:

    1. Creating a Zip package

    2. Creating an MSI install package

    • Zip package

      To create a Zip package, run the cpack command from the root of your MySQL Connector/C source directory.

    • MSI Install package

      The required tools include Windows XML Installer toolset (WIX), which is available online.

      To create the MSI install package change to the subdirectory win and generate the makefile:

      shell> cmake -G "NMake Makefiles"

      Create the MSI install package by calling nmake:

      shell> nmake

Build Options

The following options can be used when building the MySQL Connector/C source code:

Build OptionDescription
-DWITH_OPENSSL=1Enables dynamic linking to the system OpenSSL library.
-DWITH_EXTERNAL_ZLIB=1Enables dynamic linking to the system Zlib library.

20.5.2. Testing MySQL Connector/C

For testing MySQL Connector/C you will need a running MySQL server instance. Before you run the test suite you need to specify the following environment variables:

  • MYSQL_TEST_HOST (default localhost)

  • MYSQL_TEST_USER

  • MYSQL_TEST_PASSWD

  • MYSQL_TEST_PORT

  • MYSQL_TEST_SOCKET

  • MYSQL_TEST_DB (default test)

To run the test suite, execute ctest from the command line:

shell> ctest

20.5.3. MySQL Connector/C FAQ

Questions

  • 20.5.3.1: What is “libmysqld”?

  • 20.5.3.2: What is “libmysql”?

  • 20.5.3.3: Does MySQL Connector/C replace any of “Native C API”, “libmysql” and “libmysqld”?

  • 20.5.3.4: What is the difference between “Native C API”, “libmysql”, “libmysqld” and “MySQL Connector/C”?

  • 20.5.3.5: What is “MySQL Connector/C”?

  • 20.5.3.6: What is the “MySQL Native C API”? What are its typical benefits and use cases?

Questions and Answers

20.5.3.1: What is “libmysqld”?

libmysqld is an embedded database server with the same API as MySQL Connector/C. It is included with the MySQL Server distribution.

20.5.3.2: What is “libmysql”?

libmysql is the name of the library that MySQL Connector/C provides.

20.5.3.3: Does MySQL Connector/C replace any of “Native C API”, “libmysql” and “libmysqld”?

MySQL Connector/C contains libmysql, and implements a native C API. It does not include libmysqld, which can be found with the MySQL server distribution.

20.5.3.4: What is the difference between “Native C API”, “libmysql”, “libmysqld” and “MySQL Connector/C”?

MySQL Connector/C and libmysql are the “native C API for MySQL”, and all three terms can be used interchangeably. “libmysqld” is the embedded version of the MySQL Server, and is included in the server distribution.

20.5.3.5: What is “MySQL Connector/C”?

MySQL Connector/C is a standalone distribution of the libmysql library, which was previously only available as part of the MySQL Server distribution. The version of libmysql included with MySQL Connector/C and the version bundled with the server are functionally equivalent, but the cross-platform build system for MySQL Connector/C uses CMake.

20.5.3.6: What is the “MySQL Native C API”? What are its typical benefits and use cases?

MySQL Connector/C, also known as libmysql, or MySQL Native C API, is a standalone, C-based API and library that you can use in C applications to connect with the MySQL Server. It implements the same MySQL client API that has been in use for a decade.

It is also used as the foundation for drivers for standard database APIs such as ODBC, Perl's DBI, and Python's DB API.

20.6. MySQL Connector/OpenOffice.org

MySQL Connector/OpenOffice.org is a native MySQL database connector for OpenOffice.org. Currently, it is in preview status and supports OpenOffice.org 3.1 and above. It can be used to connect OpenOffice.org applications to a MySQL server.

Before MySQL Connector/OpenOffice.org became available you would have to use MySQL Connector/J (JDBC) or MySQL Connector/ODBC to connect to a MySQL server.

Connector/OpenOffice.org is a community project, although Sun Microsystems actively contributes code. The source code for Connector/OpenOffice.org is available under GPL with the FLOSS License Exception.

In the future a closed-source StarOffice version of Connector/OpenOffice.org will be made available.

Advantages

Using MySQL Connector/OpenOffice.org has the following advantages:

  • Easy installation through the OpenOffice.org Extension Manager.

  • Seamless integration into OpenOffice.org.

  • No need to go through an additional Connector installation routine (ODBC/JDBC)

  • No need to configure or register an additional Connector (ODBC)

  • No need to install or configure a driver manager (ODBC)

Status

MySQL Connector/OpenOffice.org is currently at version 1.0 GA.

If you have any queries please contact us through our mailing list at

20.6.1. Installation

  1. Install or upgrade to OpenOffice.org 3.1.

  2. Download MySQL Connector/OpenOffice.org from The OpenOffice.org extension download site. Save the file corresponding to your platform. Currently supported platforms are Windows, Linux, Linux x86-64, Mac OS X, Solaris x86 and Solaris SPARC.

  3. Add the .oxt extension through the Extension Manager of OpenOffice.org. In OpenOffice.org, select Tools, Extension Manager... and specify the .oxt file as a new extension. When done, MySQL Connector/OpenOffice.org will show up as a new extension in the Extension Manager.

    Figure 20.55. Adding an Extension

    Adding an extension

  4. Restart OpenOffice.org.

20.6.2. Getting Started: Connecting to MySQL

MySQL Connector/OpenOffice.org allows you to access the MySQL Server and its schemata from the OpenOffice.org suite.

The following example demonstrates the creation of a new OpenOffice.org Base database which uses a local MySQL Server for storage and the new connector for connecting.

  1. Select the database

    Create a new database by selecting File, New, Database. This starts a wizard that allows you to create a new database, open an existing database, or connect to an existing database. Select the Connect to existing database radio button. From the listbox select MySQL. Click Next >>.

    Figure 20.56. Selecting the Database

    Selecting the database

  2. You will be asked how you would like to connect to the database. Select the Connect native radio button.

    Figure 20.57. Selecting the connection type

    Selecting the connection type

    Click Next >>.

  3. Fill in the connection settings

    Enter the name of the database, server URL, and optionally the socket to connect on (if not using the default).

    Note that if you do not specify a database all databases will be available for selection.

    Figure 20.58. Entering Connection Settings

    Entering connection settings

    Click Next >>.

  4. Set up user authentication

    If you are using MySQL server's anonymous account without a password, you do not have to fill in anything in this step. Otherwise, fill in your MySQL user name and check the password checkbox. Note, for security reasons, you should not normally use the anonymous account without a password.

    Figure 20.59. Setting Up User Authentication

    Setting up user
                authentication

    You can now test your connection to the MySQL database server by clicking the Test Connection button. Check the checkbox if you do not want OpenOffice.org to ask you for your password again in the current session. Testing the connection is optional, although recommended.

    Click Next >>.

  5. Decide how to proceed after connecting to the database

    Figure 20.60. After Connecting to the Database

    After Connecting to the
                Database

    Keep the default settings.

    Click Finish.

  6. You will then be prompted to save you database as a database file. Enter the name of the database and the location in which to save the file.

    Figure 20.61. Entering the Database File Name

    Entering the Database File
                Name

    Click Save.

You will be located in the Base application with your database tables displayed.

20.6.3. Getting Started: Usage Examples

Listing Tables

In the Database area of the Base main window, select Tables. If this is the first time you are accessing the database you will be prompted for your credentials (user name and password); you can store these settings for your current Base session.

Figure 20.62. Listing Tables

Listing tables

Depending on your connection settings you will now see all databases with all their tables, or just the database you have specified in the connection settings.

20.6.4. References

See the OpenOffice.org Web site for documentation of the office suite and its Extension Manager.

20.6.5. Known Bugs

If you discover a bug in Connector/OpenOffice.org please add it to this list and send an email to . You need to be logged in with an OpenOffice.org account for both; see the project mailing list for details.

20.6.6. Contact

To discuss the new MySQL Connector/OpenOffice.org, please subscribe to the mailing list . It is a low-volume list with less than 10 mails per day.

20.7. libmysqld, the Embedded MySQL Server Library

The embedded MySQL server library is NOT part of MySQL 5.0. It is part of previous editions and will be included in future versions, starting with MySQL 5.1. You can find appropriate documentation in the corresponding manuals for these versions. In this manual, only an overview of the embedded library is provided.

The embedded MySQL server library makes it possible to run a full-featured MySQL server inside a client application. The main benefits are increased speed and more simple management for embedded applications.

The embedded server library is based on the client/server version of MySQL, which is written in C/C++. Consequently, the embedded server also is written in C/C++. There is no embedded server available in other languages.

The API is identical for the embedded MySQL version and the client/server version. To change an old threaded application to use the embedded library, you normally only have to add calls to the following functions.

FunctionWhen to Call
mysql_library_init()Should be called before any other MySQL function is called, preferably early in the main() function.
mysql_library_end()Should be called before your program exits.
mysql_thread_init()Should be called in each thread you create that accesses MySQL.
mysql_thread_end()Should be called before calling pthread_exit()

Then you must link your code with libmysqld.a instead of libmysqlclient.a. To ensure binary compatibility between your application and the server library, be sure to compile your application against headers for the same series of MySQL that was used to compile the server library. For example, if libmysqld was compiled against MySQL 4.1 headers, do not compile your application against MySQL 5.1 headers, or vice versa.

The mysql_library_xxx() functions are also included in libmysqlclient.a to allow you to change between the embedded and the client/server version by just linking your application with the right library. See Section 20.8.3.40, “mysql_library_init().

One difference between the embedded server and the standalone server is that for the embedded server, authentication for connections is disabled by default. To use authentication for the embedded server, specify the --with-embedded-privilege-control option when you invoke configure to configure your MySQL distribution.

20.8. MySQL C API

The C API code is distributed with MySQL. It is included in the mysqlclient library and allows C programs to access a database.

Many of the clients in the MySQL source distribution are written in C. If you are looking for examples that demonstrate how to use the C API, take a look at these clients. You can find these in the client directory in the MySQL source distribution.

Most of the other client APIs (all except Connector/J and Connector/NET) use the mysqlclient library to communicate with the MySQL server. This means that, for example, you can take advantage of many of the same environment variables that are used by other client programs, because they are referenced from the library. See Chapter 4, MySQL Programs, for a list of these variables.

The client has a maximum communication buffer size. The size of the buffer that is allocated initially (16KB) is automatically increased up to the maximum size (the maximum is 16MB). Because buffer sizes are increased only as demand warrants, simply increasing the default maximum limit does not in itself cause more resources to be used. This size check is mostly a check for erroneous statements and communication packets.

The communication buffer must be large enough to contain a single SQL statement (for client-to-server traffic) and one row of returned data (for server-to-client traffic). Each thread's communication buffer is dynamically enlarged to handle any query or row up to the maximum limit. For example, if you have BLOB values that contain up to 16MB of data, you must have a communication buffer limit of at least 16MB (in both server and client). The client's default maximum is 16MB, but the default maximum in the server is 1MB. You can increase this by changing the value of the max_allowed_packet parameter when the server is started. See Section 7.5.3, “Tuning Server Parameters”.

The MySQL server shrinks each communication buffer to net_buffer_length bytes after each query. For clients, the size of the buffer associated with a connection is not decreased until the connection is closed, at which time client memory is reclaimed.

For programming with threads, see Section 20.8.16.2, “How to Make a Threaded Client”. For creating a standalone application which includes the "server" and "client" in the same program (and does not communicate with an external MySQL server), see Section 20.7, “libmysqld, the Embedded MySQL Server Library”.

MySQL Enterprise MySQL Enterprise subscribers will find more information about using the C API in the Knowledge Base articles, The C API. Access to the MySQL Knowledge Base collection of articles is one of the advantages of subscribing to MySQL Enterprise. For more information, see http://www.mysql.com/products/enterprise/advisors.html.

20.8.1. C API Data Types

This section describes C API data types other than those used for prepared statements. For information about the latter, see Section 20.8.5, “C API Prepared Statement Data types”.

  • MYSQL

    This structure represents a handle to one database connection. It is used for almost all MySQL functions. You should not try to make a copy of a MYSQL structure. There is no guarantee that such a copy will be usable.

  • MYSQL_RES

    This structure represents the result of a query that returns rows (SELECT, SHOW, DESCRIBE, EXPLAIN). The information returned from a query is called the result set in the remainder of this section.

  • MYSQL_ROW

    This is a type-safe representation of one row of data. It is currently implemented as an array of counted byte strings. (You cannot treat these as null-terminated strings if field values may contain binary data, because such values may contain null bytes internally.) Rows are obtained by calling mysql_fetch_row().

  • MYSQL_FIELD

    This structure contains information about a field, such as the field's name, type, and size. Its members are described in more detail here. You may obtain the MYSQL_FIELD structures for each field by calling mysql_fetch_field() repeatedly. Field values are not part of this structure; they are contained in a MYSQL_ROW structure.

  • MYSQL_FIELD_OFFSET

    This is a type-safe representation of an offset into a MySQL field list. (Used by mysql_field_seek().) Offsets are field numbers within a row, beginning at zero.

  • my_ulonglong

    The type used for the number of rows and for mysql_affected_rows(), mysql_num_rows(), and mysql_insert_id(). This type provides a range of 0 to 1.84e19.

    On some systems, attempting to print a value of type my_ulonglong does not work. To print such a value, convert it to unsigned long and use a %lu print format. Example:

    printf ("Number of rows: %lu\n",
            (unsigned long) mysql_num_rows(result));
    
  • my_bool

    A boolean type, for values that are true (nonzero) or false (zero).

The MYSQL_FIELD structure contains the members described in the following list:

  • char * name

    The name of the field, as a null-terminated string. If the field was given an alias with an AS clause, the value of name is the alias.

  • char * org_name

    The name of the field, as a null-terminated string. Aliases are ignored.

  • char * table

    The name of the table containing this field, if it isn't a calculated field. For calculated fields, the table value is an empty string. If the column is selected from a view, table names the view. If the table or view was given an alias with an AS clause, the value of table is the alias. For a UNION, the value is the empty string.

  • char * org_table

    The name of the table, as a null-terminated string. Aliases are ignored. If the column is selected from a view, org_table names the underlying table. For a UNION, the value is the empty string.

  • char * db

    The name of the database that the field comes from, as a null-terminated string. If the field is a calculated field, db is an empty string. For a UNION, the value is the empty string.

  • char * catalog

    The catalog name. This value is always "def".

  • char * def

    The default value of this field, as a null-terminated string. This is set only if you use mysql_list_fields().

  • unsigned long length

    The width of the field. This corresponds to the display length, in bytes.

    The server determines the length value before it generates the result set, so this is the minimum length required for a data type capable of holding the largest possible value from the result column, without knowing in advance the actual values that will be produced by the query for the result set.

  • unsigned long max_length

    The maximum width of the field for the result set (the length in bytes of the longest field value for the rows actually in the result set). If you use mysql_store_result() or mysql_list_fields(), this contains the maximum length for the field. If you use mysql_use_result(), the value of this variable is zero.

    The value of max_length is the length of the string representation of the values in the result set. For example, if you retrieve a FLOAT column and the “widest” value is -12.345, max_length is 7 (the length of '-12.345').

    If you are using prepared statements, max_length is not set by default because for the binary protocol the lengths of the values depend on the types of the values in the result set. (See Section 20.8.5, “C API Prepared Statement Data types”.) If you want the max_length values anyway, enable the STMT_ATTR_UPDATE_MAX_LENGTH option with mysql_stmt_attr_set() and the lengths will be set when you call mysql_stmt_store_result(). (See Section 20.8.7.3, “mysql_stmt_attr_set(), and Section 20.8.7.27, “mysql_stmt_store_result().)

  • unsigned int name_length

    The length of name.

  • unsigned int org_name_length

    The length of org_name.

  • unsigned int table_length

    The length of table.

  • unsigned int org_table_length

    The length of org_table.

  • unsigned int db_length

    The length of db.

  • unsigned int catalog_length

    The length of catalog.

  • unsigned int def_length

    The length of def.

  • unsigned int flags

    Bit-flags that describe the field. The flags value may have zero or more of the following bits set.

    Flag ValueFlag Description
    NOT_NULL_FLAGField can't be NULL
    PRI_KEY_FLAGField is part of a primary key
    UNIQUE_KEY_FLAGField is part of a unique key
    MULTIPLE_KEY_FLAGField is part of a nonunique key
    UNSIGNED_FLAGField has the UNSIGNED attribute
    ZEROFILL_FLAGField has the ZEROFILL attribute
    BINARY_FLAGField has the BINARY attribute
    AUTO_INCREMENT_FLAGField has the AUTO_INCREMENT attribute
    NUM_FLAGField is numeric
    ENUM_FLAGField is an ENUM (deprecated)
    SET_FLAGField is a SET (deprecated)
    BLOB_FLAGField is a BLOB or TEXT (deprecated)
    TIMESTAMP_FLAGField is a TIMESTAMP (deprecated)
    NUM_FLAGField is numeric; see additional notes following table
    NO_DEFAULT_VALUE_FLAGField has no default value; see additional notes following table

    Use of the BLOB_FLAG, ENUM_FLAG, SET_FLAG, and TIMESTAMP_FLAG flags is deprecated because they indicate the type of a field rather than an attribute of its type. It is preferable to test field->type against MYSQL_TYPE_BLOB, MYSQL_TYPE_ENUM, MYSQL_TYPE_SET, or MYSQL_TYPE_TIMESTAMP instead.

    NUM_FLAG indicates that a column is numeric. This includes columns with a type of MYSQL_TYPE_DECIMAL, MYSQL_TYPE_TINY, MYSQL_TYPE_SHORT, MYSQL_TYPE_LONG, MYSQL_TYPE_FLOAT, MYSQL_TYPE_DOUBLE, MYSQL_TYPE_NULL, MYSQL_TYPE_LONGLONG, MYSQL_TYPE_INT24, and MYSQL_TYPE_YEAR.

    NO_DEFAULT_VALUE_FLAG indicates that a column has no DEFAULT clause in its definition. This does not apply to NULL columns (because such columns have a default of NULL), or to AUTO_INCREMENT columns (which have an implied default value). NO_DEFAULT_VALUE_FLAG was added in MySQL 5.0.2.

    The following example illustrates a typical use of the flags value:

    if (field->flags & NOT_NULL_FLAG)
        printf("Field can't be null\n");
    

    You may use the following convenience macros to determine the boolean status of the flags value.

    Flag StatusDescription
    IS_NOT_NULL(flags)True if this field is defined as NOT NULL
    IS_PRI_KEY(flags)True if this field is a primary key
    IS_BLOB(flags)True if this field is a BLOB or TEXT (deprecated; test field->type instead)
  • unsigned int decimals

    The number of decimals for numeric fields.

  • unsigned int charsetnr

    An ID number that indicates the character set/collation pair for the field.

    To distinguish between binary and nonbinary data for string data types, check whether the charsetnr value is 63. If so, the character set is binary, which indicates binary rather than nonbinary data. This enables you to distinguish BINARY from CHAR, VARBINARY from VARCHAR, and the BLOB types from the TEXT types.

    charsetnr values are the same as those displayed in the Id column of the SHOW COLLATION statement or the ID column of the INFORMATION_SCHEMA COLLATIONS table. You can use those information sources to see which character set and collation specific charsetnr values indicate:

    mysql> SHOW COLLATION WHERE Id = 63;
    +-----------+---------+----+---------+----------+---------+
    | Collation | Charset | Id | Default | Compiled | Sortlen |
    +-----------+---------+----+---------+----------+---------+
    | binary    | binary  | 63 | Yes     | Yes      |       1 |
    +-----------+---------+----+---------+----------+---------+
    
    mysql> SELECT COLLATION_NAME, CHARACTER_SET_NAME
        -> FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLLATIONS WHERE ID = 33;
    +-----------------+--------------------+
    | COLLATION_NAME  | CHARACTER_SET_NAME |
    +-----------------+--------------------+
    | utf8_general_ci | utf8               |
    +-----------------+--------------------+
    
  • enum enum_field_types type

    The type of the field. The type value may be one of the MYSQL_TYPE_ symbols shown in the following table.

    Type ValueType Description
    MYSQL_TYPE_TINYTINYINT field
    MYSQL_TYPE_SHORTSMALLINT field
    MYSQL_TYPE_LONGINTEGER field
    MYSQL_TYPE_INT24MEDIUMINT field
    MYSQL_TYPE_LONGLONGBIGINT field
    MYSQL_TYPE_DECIMALDECIMAL or NUMERIC field
    MYSQL_TYPE_NEWDECIMALPrecision math DECIMAL or NUMERIC field (MySQL 5.0.3 and up)
    MYSQL_TYPE_FLOATFLOAT field
    MYSQL_TYPE_DOUBLEDOUBLE or REAL field
    MYSQL_TYPE_BITBIT field (MySQL 5.0.3 and up)
    MYSQL_TYPE_TIMESTAMPTIMESTAMP field
    MYSQL_TYPE_DATEDATE field
    MYSQL_TYPE_TIMETIME field
    MYSQL_TYPE_DATETIMEDATETIME field
    MYSQL_TYPE_YEARYEAR field
    MYSQL_TYPE_STRINGCHAR or BINARY field
    MYSQL_TYPE_VAR_STRINGVARCHAR or VARBINARY field
    MYSQL_TYPE_BLOBBLOB or TEXT field (use max_length to determine the maximum length)
    MYSQL_TYPE_SETSET field
    MYSQL_TYPE_ENUMENUM field
    MYSQL_TYPE_GEOMETRYSpatial field
    MYSQL_TYPE_NULLNULL-type field

    You can use the IS_NUM() macro to test whether a field has a numeric type. Pass the type value to IS_NUM() and it evaluates to TRUE if the field is numeric:

    if (IS_NUM(field->type))
        printf("Field is numeric\n");
    

20.8.2. C API Function Overview

The functions available in the C API are summarized here and described in greater detail in a later section. See Section 20.8.3, “C API Function Descriptions”.

FunctionDescription
my_init()Initialize global variables, and thread handler in thread-safe programs
mysql_affected_rows()Returns the number of rows changed/deleted/inserted by the last UPDATE, DELETE, or INSERT query
mysql_autocommit()Toggles autocommit mode on/off
mysql_change_user()Changes user and database on an open connection
mysql_character_set_name()Return default character set name for current connection
mysql_close()Closes a server connection
mysql_commit()Commits the transaction
mysql_connect()Connects to a MySQL server (this function is deprecated; use mysql_real_connect() instead)
mysql_create_db()Creates a database (this function is deprecated; use the SQL statement CREATE DATABASE instead)
mysql_data_seek()Seeks to an arbitrary row number in a query result set
mysql_debug()Does a DBUG_PUSH with the given string
mysql_drop_db()Drops a database (this function is deprecated; use the SQL statement DROP DATABASE instead)
mysql_dump_debug_info()Makes the server write debug information to the log
mysql_eof()Determines whether the last row of a result set has been read (this function is deprecated; mysql_errno() or mysql_error() may be used instead)
mysql_errno()Returns the error number for the most recently invoked MySQL function
mysql_error()Returns the error message for the most recently invoked MySQL function
mysql_escape_string()Escapes special characters in a string for use in an SQL statement
mysql_fetch_field()Returns the type of the next table field
mysql_fetch_field_direct()Returns the type of a table field, given a field number
mysql_fetch_fields()Returns an array of all field structures
mysql_fetch_lengths()Returns the lengths of all columns in the current row
mysql_fetch_row()Fetches the next row from the result set
mysql_field_count()Returns the number of result columns for the most recent statement
mysql_field_seek()Puts the column cursor on a specified column
mysql_field_tell()Returns the position of the field cursor used for the last mysql_fetch_field()
mysql_free_result()Frees memory used by a result set
mysql_get_character_set_info()Return information about default character set
mysql_get_client_info()Returns client version information as a string
mysql_get_client_version()Returns client version information as an integer
mysql_get_host_info()Returns a string describing the connection
mysql_get_proto_info()Returns the protocol version used by the connection
mysql_get_server_info()Returns the server version number
mysql_get_server_version()Returns version number of server as an integer
mysql_get_ssl_cipher()Return current SSL cipher
mysql_hex_string()Encode string in hexadecimal format
mysql_info()Returns information about the most recently executed query
mysql_init()Gets or initializes a MYSQL structure
mysql_insert_id()Returns the ID generated for an AUTO_INCREMENT column by the previous query
mysql_kill()Kills a given thread
mysql_library_end()Finalize the MySQL C API library
mysql_library_init()Initialize the MySQL C API library
mysql_list_dbs()Returns database names matching a simple regular expression
mysql_list_fields()Returns field names matching a simple regular expression
mysql_list_processes()Returns a list of the current server threads
mysql_list_tables()Returns table names matching a simple regular expression
mysql_more_results()Checks whether any more results exist
mysql_next_result()Returns/initiates the next result in multiple-result executions
mysql_num_fields()Returns the number of columns in a result set
mysql_num_rows()Returns the number of rows in a result set
mysql_options()Sets connect options for mysql_real_connect()
mysql_ping()Checks whether the connection to the server is working, reconnecting as necessary
mysql_query()Executes an SQL query specified as a null-terminated string
mysql_real_connect()Connects to a MySQL server
mysql_real_escape_string()Escapes special characters in a string for use in an SQL statement, taking into account the current character set of the connection
mysql_real_query()Executes an SQL query specified as a counted string
mysql_refresh()Flush or reset tables and caches
mysql_reload()Tells the server to reload the grant tables
mysql_rollback()Rolls back the transaction
mysql_row_seek()Seeks to a row offset in a result set, using value returned from mysql_row_tell()
mysql_row_tell()Returns the row cursor position
mysql_select_db()Selects a database
mysql_server_end()Finalize the MySQL C API library
mysql_server_init()Initialize the MySQL C API library
mysql_set_character_set()Set default character set for current connection
mysql_set_local_infile_default()Set the LOAD DATA LOCAL INFILE handler callbacks to their default values
mysql_set_local_infile_handler()Install application-specific LOAD DATA LOCAL INFILE handler callbacks
mysql_set_server_option()Sets an option for the connection (like multi-statements)
mysql_sqlstate()Returns the SQLSTATE error code for the last error
mysql_shutdown()Shuts down the database server
mysql_ssl_set()Prepare to establish SSL connection to server
mysql_stat()Returns the server status as a string
mysql_store_result()Retrieves a complete result set to the client
mysql_thread_end()Finalize thread handler
mysql_thread_id()Returns the current thread ID
mysql_thread_init()Initialize thread handler
mysql_thread_safe()Returns 1 if the clients are compiled as thread-safe
mysql_use_result()Initiates a row-by-row result set retrieval
mysql_warning_count()Returns the warning count for the previous SQL statement

Application programs should use this general outline for interacting with MySQL:

  1. Initialize the MySQL library by calling mysql_library_init(). This function exists in both the mysqlclient C client library and the mysqld embedded server library, so it is used whether you build a regular client program by linking with the -libmysqlclient flag, or an embedded server application by linking with the -libmysqld flag.

  2. Initialize a connection handler by calling mysql_init() and connect to the server by calling mysql_real_connect().

  3. Issue SQL statements and process their results. (The following discussion provides more information about how to do this.)

  4. Close the connection to the MySQL server by calling mysql_close().

  5. End use of the MySQL library by calling mysql_library_end().

The purpose of calling mysql_library_init() and mysql_library_end() is to provide proper initialization and finalization of the MySQL library. For applications that are linked with the client library, they provide improved memory management. If you don't call mysql_library_end(), a block of memory remains allocated. (This does not increase the amount of memory used by the application, but some memory leak detectors will complain about it.) For applications that are linked with the embedded server, these calls start and stop the server.

mysql_library_init() and mysql_library_end() are available as of MySQL 5.0.3. For older versions of MySQL, you can call mysql_server_init() and mysql_server_end() instead.

In a nonmulti-threaded environment, the call to mysql_library_init() may be omitted, because mysql_init() will invoke it automatically as necessary. However, mysql_library_init() is not thread-safe in a multi-threaded environment, and thus neither is mysql_init(), which calls mysql_library_init(). You must either call mysql_library_init() prior to spawning any threads, or else use a mutex to protect the call, whether you invoke mysql_library_init() or indirectly via mysql_init(). This should be done prior to any other client library call.

To connect to the server, call mysql_init() to initialize a connection handler, then call mysql_real_connect() with that handler (along with other information such as the host name, user name, and password). Upon connection, mysql_real_connect() sets the reconnect flag (part of the MYSQL structure) to a value of 1 in versions of the API older than 5.0.3, or 0 in newer versions. A value of 1 for this flag indicates that if a statement cannot be performed because of a lost connection, to try reconnecting to the server before giving up. As of MySQL 5.0.13, you can use the MYSQL_OPT_RECONNECT option to mysql_options() to control reconnection behavior. When you are done with the connection, call mysql_close() to terminate it.

While a connection is active, the client may send SQL statements to the server using mysql_query() or mysql_real_query(). The difference between the two is that mysql_query() expects the query to be specified as a null-terminated string whereas mysql_real_query() expects a counted string. If the string contains binary data (which may include null bytes), you must use mysql_real_query().

For each non-SELECT query (for example, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE), you can find out how many rows were changed (affected) by calling mysql_affected_rows().

For SELECT queries, you retrieve the selected rows as a result set. (Note that some statements are SELECT-like in that they return rows. These include SHOW, DESCRIBE, and EXPLAIN. They should be treated the same way as SELECT statements.)

There are two ways for a client to process result sets. One way is to retrieve the entire result set all at once by calling mysql_store_result(). This function acquires from the server all the rows returned by the query and stores them in the client. The second way is for the client to initiate a row-by-row result set retrieval by calling mysql_use_result(). This function initializes the retrieval, but does not actually get any rows from the server.

In both cases, you access rows by calling mysql_fetch_row(). With mysql_store_result(), mysql_fetch_row() accesses rows that have previously been fetched from the server. With mysql_use_result(), mysql_fetch_row() actually retrieves the row from the server. Information about the size of the data in each row is available by calling mysql_fetch_lengths().

After you are done with a result set, call mysql_free_result() to free the memory used for it.

The two retrieval mechanisms are complementary. Client programs should choose the approach that is most appropriate for their requirements. In practice, clients tend to use mysql_store_result() more commonly.

An advantage of mysql_store_result() is that because the rows have all been fetched to the client, you not only can access rows sequentially, you can move back and forth in the result set using mysql_data_seek() or mysql_row_seek() to change the current row position within the result set. You can also find out how many rows there are by calling mysql_num_rows(). On the other hand, the memory requirements for mysql_store_result() may be very high for large result sets and you are more likely to encounter out-of-memory conditions.

An advantage of mysql_use_result() is that the client requires less memory for the result set because it maintains only one row at a time (and because there is less allocation overhead, mysql_use_result() can be faster). Disadvantages are that you must process each row quickly to avoid tying up the server, you don't have random access to rows within the result set (you can only access rows sequentially), and you don't know how many rows are in the result set until you have retrieved them all. Furthermore, you must retrieve all the rows even if you determine in mid-retrieval that you've found the information you were looking for.

The API makes it possible for clients to respond appropriately to statements (retrieving rows only as necessary) without knowing whether the statement is a SELECT. You can do this by calling mysql_store_result() after each mysql_query() (or mysql_real_query()). If the result set call succeeds, the statement was a SELECT and you can read the rows. If the result set call fails, call mysql_field_count() to determine whether a result was actually to be expected. If mysql_field_count() returns zero, the statement returned no data (indicating that it was an INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, and so forth), and was not expected to return rows. If mysql_field_count() is nonzero, the statement should have returned rows, but didn't. This indicates that the statement was a SELECT that failed. See the description for mysql_field_count() for an example of how this can be done.

Both mysql_store_result() and mysql_use_result() allow you to obtain information about the fields that make up the result set (the number of fields, their names and types, and so forth). You can access field information sequentially within the row by calling mysql_fetch_field() repeatedly, or by field number within the row by calling mysql_fetch_field_direct(). The current field cursor position may be changed by calling mysql_field_seek(). Setting the field cursor affects subsequent calls to mysql_fetch_field(). You can also get information for fields all at once by calling mysql_fetch_fields().

For detecting and reporting errors, MySQL provides access to error information by means of the mysql_errno() and mysql_error() functions. These return the error code or error message for the most recently invoked function that can succeed or fail, allowing you to determine when an error occurred and what it was.

20.8.3. C API Function Descriptions

20.8.3.1. mysql_affected_rows()
20.8.3.2. mysql_autocommit()
20.8.3.3. mysql_change_user()
20.8.3.4. mysql_character_set_name()
20.8.3.5. mysql_close()
20.8.3.6. mysql_commit()
20.8.3.7. mysql_connect()
20.8.3.8. mysql_create_db()
20.8.3.9. mysql_data_seek()
20.8.3.10. mysql_debug()
20.8.3.11. mysql_drop_db()
20.8.3.12. mysql_dump_debug_info()
20.8.3.13. mysql_eof()
20.8.3.14. mysql_errno()
20.8.3.15. mysql_error()
20.8.3.16. mysql_escape_string()
20.8.3.17. mysql_fetch_field()
20.8.3.18. mysql_fetch_field_direct()
20.8.3.19. mysql_fetch_fields()
20.8.3.20. mysql_fetch_lengths()
20.8.3.21. mysql_fetch_row()
20.8.3.22. mysql_field_count()
20.8.3.23. mysql_field_seek()
20.8.3.24. mysql_field_tell()
20.8.3.25. mysql_free_result()
20.8.3.26. mysql_get_character_set_info()
20.8.3.27. mysql_get_client_info()
20.8.3.28. mysql_get_client_version()
20.8.3.29. mysql_get_host_info()
20.8.3.30. mysql_get_proto_info()
20.8.3.31. mysql_get_server_info()
20.8.3.32. mysql_get_server_version()
20.8.3.33. mysql_get_ssl_cipher()
20.8.3.34. mysql_hex_string()
20.8.3.35. mysql_info()
20.8.3.36. mysql_init()
20.8.3.37. mysql_insert_id()
20.8.3.38. mysql_kill()
20.8.3.39. mysql_library_end()
20.8.3.40. mysql_library_init()
20.8.3.41. mysql_list_dbs()
20.8.3.42. mysql_list_fields()
20.8.3.43. mysql_list_processes()
20.8.3.44. mysql_list_tables()
20.8.3.45. mysql_more_results()
20.8.3.46. mysql_next_result()
20.8.3.47. mysql_num_fields()
20.8.3.48. mysql_num_rows()
20.8.3.49. mysql_options()
20.8.3.50. mysql_ping()
20.8.3.51. mysql_query()
20.8.3.52. mysql_real_connect()
20.8.3.53. mysql_real_escape_string()
20.8.3.54. mysql_real_query()
20.8.3.55. mysql_refresh()
20.8.3.56. mysql_reload()
20.8.3.57. mysql_rollback()
20.8.3.58. mysql_row_seek()
20.8.3.59. mysql_row_tell()
20.8.3.60. mysql_select_db()
20.8.3.61. mysql_set_character_set()
20.8.3.62. mysql_set_local_infile_default()
20.8.3.63. mysql_set_local_infile_handler()
20.8.3.64. mysql_set_server_option()
20.8.3.65. mysql_shutdown()
20.8.3.66. mysql_sqlstate()
20.8.3.67. mysql_ssl_set()
20.8.3.68. mysql_stat()
20.8.3.69. mysql_store_result()
20.8.3.70. mysql_thread_id()
20.8.3.71. mysql_use_result()
20.8.3.72. mysql_warning_count()

In the descriptions here, a parameter or return value of NULL means NULL in the sense of the C programming language, not a MySQL NULL value.

Functions that return a value generally return a pointer or an integer. Unless specified otherwise, functions returning a pointer return a non-NULL value to indicate success or a NULL value to indicate an error, and functions returning an integer return zero to indicate success or nonzero to indicate an error. Note that “nonzero” means just that. Unless the function description says otherwise, do not test against a value other than zero:

if (result)                   /* correct */
    ... error ...

if (result < 0)               /* incorrect */
    ... error ...

if (result == -1)             /* incorrect */
    ... error ...

When a function returns an error, the Errors subsection of the function description lists the possible types of errors. You can find out which of these occurred by calling mysql_errno(). A string representation of the error may be obtained by calling mysql_error().

MySQL Enterprise MySQL Enterprise subscribers will find more information about the C API functions in the Knowledge Base articles, The C API. Access to the MySQL Knowledge Base collection of articles is one of the advantages of subscribing to MySQL Enterprise. For more information, see http://www.mysql.com/products/enterprise/advisors.html.

20.8.3.1. mysql_affected_rows()

my_ulonglong mysql_affected_rows(MYSQL *mysql)

Description

After executing a statement with mysql_query() or mysql_real_query(), returns the number of rows changed (for UPDATE), deleted (for DELETE), or inserted (for INSERT). For SELECT statements, mysql_affected_rows() works like mysql_num_rows().

Return Values

An integer greater than zero indicates the number of rows affected or retrieved. Zero indicates that no records were updated for an UPDATE statement, no rows matched the WHERE clause in the query or that no query has yet been executed. -1 indicates that the query returned an error or that, for a SELECT query, mysql_affected_rows() was called prior to calling mysql_store_result(). Because mysql_affected_rows() returns an unsigned value, you can check for -1 by comparing the return value to (my_ulonglong)-1 (or to (my_ulonglong)~0, which is equivalent).

Errors

None.

Example

char *stmt = "UPDATE products SET cost=cost*1.25 WHERE group=10";
mysql_query(&mysql,stmt);
printf("%ld products updated",
       (long) mysql_affected_rows(&mysql));

For UPDATE statements, if you specify the CLIENT_FOUND_ROWS flag when connecting to mysqld, mysql_affected_rows() returns the number of rows matched by the WHERE clause. Otherwise, the default behavior is to return the number of rows actually changed.

Note that when you use a REPLACE command, mysql_affected_rows() returns 2 if the new row replaced an old row, because in this case, one row was inserted after the duplicate was deleted.

If you use INSERT ... ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE to insert a row, mysql_affected_rows() returns 1 if the row is inserted as a new row and 2 if an existing row is updated.

mysql_affected_rows() returns 0 following a CALL statement for a stored procedure that contains a statement that modifies rows because in this case mysql_insert_id() applies to CALL and not the statement within the procedure. Within the procedure, you can use ROW_COUNT() at the SQL level to obtain the AUTO_INCREMENT value.

20.8.3.2. mysql_autocommit()

my_bool mysql_autocommit(MYSQL *mysql, my_bool mode)

Description

Sets autocommit mode on if mode is 1, off if mode is 0.

Return Values

Zero if successful. Nonzero if an error occurred.

Errors

None.

20.8.3.3. mysql_change_user()

my_bool mysql_change_user(MYSQL *mysql, const char *user, const char *password, const char *db)

Description

Changes the user and causes the database specified by db to become the default (current) database on the connection specified by mysql. In subsequent queries, this database is the default for table references that do not include an explicit database specifier.

mysql_change_user() fails if the connected user cannot be authenticated or doesn't have permission to use the database. In this case, the user and database are not changed

The db parameter may be set to NULL if you don't want to have a default database.

This command resets the state as if one had done a new connect. (See Section 20.8.11, “Controlling Automatic Reconnection Behavior”.) It always performs a ROLLBACK of any active transactions, closes and drops all temporary tables, and unlocks all locked tables. Session system variables are reset to the values of the corresponding global system variables. Prepared statements are released and HANDLER variables are closed. Locks acquired with GET_LOCK() are released. These effects occur even if the user didn't change.

Return Values

Zero for success. Nonzero if an error occurred.

Errors

The same that you can get from mysql_real_connect().

Example

if (mysql_change_user(&mysql, "user", "password", "new_database"))
{
   fprintf(stderr, "Failed to change user.  Error: %s\n",
           mysql_error(&mysql));
}

20.8.3.4. mysql_character_set_name()

const char *mysql_character_set_name(MYSQL *mysql)

Description

Returns the default character set name for the current connection.

Return Values

The default character set name

Errors

None.

20.8.3.5. mysql_close()

void mysql_close(MYSQL *mysql)

Description

Closes a previously opened connection. mysql_close() also deallocates the connection handle pointed to by mysql if the handle was allocated automatically by mysql_init() or mysql_connect().

Return Values

None.

Errors

None.

20.8.3.6. mysql_commit()

my_bool mysql_commit(MYSQL *mysql)

Description

Commits the current transaction.

As of MySQL 5.0.3, the action of this function is subject to the value of the completion_type system variable. In particular, if the value of completion_type is 2, the server performs a release after terminating a transaction and closes the client connection. The client program should call mysql_close() to close the connection from the client side.

Return Values

Zero if successful. Nonzero if an error occurred.

Errors

None.

20.8.3.7. mysql_connect()

MYSQL *mysql_connect(MYSQL *mysql, const char *host, const char *user, const char *passwd)

Description

This function is deprecated. Use mysql_real_connect() instead.

mysql_connect() attempts to establish a connection to a MySQL database engine running on host. mysql_connect() must complete successfully before you can execute any of the other API functions, with the exception of mysql_get_client_info().

The meanings of the parameters are the same as for the corresponding parameters for mysql_real_connect() with the difference that the connection parameter may be NULL. In this case, the C API allocates memory for the connection structure automatically and frees it when you call mysql_close(). The disadvantage of this approach is that you can't retrieve an error message if the connection fails. (To get error information from mysql_errno() or mysql_error(), you must provide a valid MYSQL pointer.)

Return Values

Same as for mysql_real_connect().

Errors

Same as for mysql_real_connect().

20.8.3.8. mysql_create_db()

int mysql_create_db(MYSQL *mysql, const char *db)

Description

Creates the database named by the db parameter.

This function is deprecated. It is preferable to use mysql_query() to issue an SQL CREATE DATABASE statement instead.

Return Values

Zero if the database was created successfully. Nonzero if an error occurred.

Errors

Example

if(mysql_create_db(&mysql, "my_database"))
{
   fprintf(stderr, "Failed to create new database.  Error: %s\n",
           mysql_error(&mysql));
}

20.8.3.9. mysql_data_seek()

void mysql_data_seek(MYSQL_RES *result, my_ulonglong offset)

Description

Seeks to an arbitrary row in a query result set. The offset value is a row number and should be in the range from 0 to mysql_num_rows(result)-1.

This function requires that the result set structure contains the entire result of the query, so mysql_data_seek() may be used only in conjunction with mysql_store_result(), not with mysql_use_result().

Return Values

None.

Errors

None.

20.8.3.10. mysql_debug()

void mysql_debug(const char *debug)

Description

Does a DBUG_PUSH with the given string. mysql_debug() uses the Fred Fish debug library. To use this function, you must compile the client library to support debugging. See MySQL Internals: Porting.

Return Values

None.

Errors

None.

Example

The call shown here causes the client library to generate a trace file in /tmp/client.trace on the client machine:

mysql_debug("d:t:O,/tmp/client.trace");

20.8.3.11. mysql_drop_db()

int mysql_drop_db(MYSQL *mysql, const char *db)

Description

Drops the database named by the db parameter.

This function is deprecated. It is preferable to use mysql_query() to issue an SQL DROP DATABASE statement instead.

Return Values

Zero if the database was dropped successfully. Nonzero if an error occurred.

Errors

Example

if(mysql_drop_db(&mysql, "my_database"))
  fprintf(stderr, "Failed to drop the database: Error: %s\n",
          mysql_error(&mysql));

20.8.3.12. mysql_dump_debug_info()

int mysql_dump_debug_info(MYSQL *mysql)

Description

Instructs the server to write some debug information to the log. For this to work, the connected user must have the SUPER privilege.

Return Values

Zero if the command was successful. Nonzero if an error occurred.

Errors

20.8.3.13. mysql_eof()

my_bool mysql_eof(MYSQL_RES *result)

Description

This function is deprecated. mysql_errno() or mysql_error() may be used instead.

mysql_eof() determines whether the last row of a result set has been read.

If you acquire a result set from a successful call to mysql_store_result(), the client receives the entire set in one operation. In this case, a NULL return from mysql_fetch_row() always means the end of the result set has been reached and it is unnecessary to call mysql_eof(). When used with mysql_store_result(), mysql_eof() always returns true.

On the other hand, if you use mysql_use_result() to initiate a result set retrieval, the rows of the set are obtained from the server one by one as you call mysql_fetch_row() repeatedly. Because an error may occur on the connection during this process, a NULL return value from mysql_fetch_row() does not necessarily mean the end of the result set was reached normally. In this case, you can use mysql_eof() to determine what happened. mysql_eof() returns a nonzero value if the end of the result set was reached and zero if an error occurred.

Historically, mysql_eof() predates the standard MySQL error functions mysql_errno() and mysql_error(). Because those error functions provide the same information, their use is preferred over mysql_eof(), which is deprecated. (In fact, they provide more information, because mysql_eof() returns only a boolean value whereas the error functions indicate a reason for the error when one occurs.)

Return Values

Zero if no error occurred. Nonzero if the end of the result set has been reached.

Errors

None.

Example

The following example shows how you might use mysql_eof():

mysql_query(&mysql,"SELECT * FROM some_table");
result = mysql_use_result(&mysql);
while((row = mysql_fetch_row(result)))
{
    // do something with data
}
if(!mysql_eof(result))  // mysql_fetch_row() failed due to an error
{
    fprintf(stderr, "Error: %s\n", mysql_error(&mysql));
}

However, you can achieve the same effect with the standard MySQL error functions:

mysql_query(&mysql,"SELECT * FROM some_table");
result = mysql_use_result(&mysql);
while((row = mysql_fetch_row(result)))
{
    // do something with data
}
if(mysql_errno(&mysql))  // mysql_fetch_row() failed due to an error
{
    fprintf(stderr, "Error: %s\n", mysql_error(&mysql));
}

20.8.3.14. mysql_errno()

unsigned int mysql_errno(MYSQL *mysql)

Description

For the connection specified by mysql, mysql_errno() returns the error code for the most recently invoked API function that can succeed or fail. A return value of zero means that no error occurred. Client error message numbers are listed in the MySQL errmsg.h header file. Server error message numbers are listed in mysqld_error.h. Errors also are listed at Appendix B, Errors, Error Codes, and Common Problems.

Note that some functions like mysql_fetch_row() don't set mysql_errno() if they succeed.

A rule of thumb is that all functions that have to ask the server for information reset mysql_errno() if they succeed.

MySQL-specific error numbers returned by mysql_errno() differ from SQLSTATE values returned by mysql_sqlstate(). For example, the mysql client program displays errors using the following format, where 1146 is the mysql_errno() value and '42S02' is the corresponding mysql_sqlstate() value:

shell> SELECT * FROM no_such_table;
ERROR 1146 (42S02): Table 'test.no_such_table' doesn't exist

Return Values

An error code value for the last mysql_xxx() call, if it failed. zero means no error occurred.

Errors

None.

20.8.3.15. mysql_error()

const char *mysql_error(MYSQL *mysql)

Description

For the connection specified by mysql, mysql_error() returns a null-terminated string containing the error message for the most recently invoked API function that failed. If a function didn't fail, the return value of mysql_error() may be the previous error or an empty string to indicate no error.

A rule of thumb is that all functions that have to ask the server for information reset mysql_error() if they succeed.

For functions that reset mysql_error(), the following two tests are equivalent:

if(*mysql_error(&mysql))
{
  // an error occurred
}

if(mysql_error(&mysql)[0])
{
  // an error occurred
}

The language of the client error messages may be changed by recompiling the MySQL client library. Currently, you can choose error messages in several different languages. See Section 9.3, “Setting the Error Message Language”.

Return Values

A null-terminated character string that describes the error. An empty string if no error occurred.

Errors

None.

20.8.3.16. mysql_escape_string()

You should use mysql_real_escape_string() instead!

This function is identical to mysql_real_escape_string() except that mysql_real_escape_string() takes a connection handler as its first argument and escapes the string according to the current character set. mysql_escape_string() does not take a connection argument and does not respect the current character set.

20.8.3.17. mysql_fetch_field()

MYSQL_FIELD *mysql_fetch_field(MYSQL_RES *result)

Description

Returns the definition of one column of a result set as a MYSQL_FIELD structure. Call this function repeatedly to retrieve information about all columns in the result set. mysql_fetch_field() returns NULL when no more fields are left.

mysql_fetch_field() is reset to return information about the first field each time you execute a new SELECT query. The field returned by mysql_fetch_field() is also affected by calls to mysql_field_seek().

If you've called mysql_query() to perform a SELECT on a table but have not called mysql_store_result(), MySQL returns the default blob length (8KB) if you call mysql_fetch_field() to ask for the length of a BLOB field. (The 8KB size is chosen because MySQL doesn't know the maximum length for the BLOB. This should be made configurable sometime.) Once you've retrieved the result set, field->max_length contains the length of the largest value for this column in the specific query.

Return Values

The MYSQL_FIELD structure for the current column. NULL if no columns are left.

Errors

None.

Example

MYSQL_FIELD *field;

while((field = mysql_fetch_field(result)))
{
    printf("field name %s\n", field->name);
}

20.8.3.18. mysql_fetch_field_direct()

MYSQL_FIELD *mysql_fetch_field_direct(MYSQL_RES *result, unsigned int fieldnr)

Description

Given a field number fieldnr for a column within a result set, returns that column's field definition as a MYSQL_FIELD structure. You may use this function to retrieve the definition for an arbitrary column. The value of fieldnr should be in the range from 0 to mysql_num_fields(result)-1.

Return Values

The MYSQL_FIELD structure for the specified column.

Errors

None.

Example

unsigned int num_fields;
unsigned int i;
MYSQL_FIELD *field;

num_fields = mysql_num_fields(result);
for(i = 0; i < num_fields; i++)
{
    field = mysql_fetch_field_direct(result, i);
    printf("Field %u is %s\n", i, field->name);
}

20.8.3.19. mysql_fetch_fields()

MYSQL_FIELD *mysql_fetch_fields(MYSQL_RES *result)

Description

Returns an array of all MYSQL_FIELD structures for a result set. Each structure provides the field definition for one column of the result set.

Return Values

An array of MYSQL_FIELD structures for all columns of a result set.

Errors

None.

Example

unsigned int num_fields;
unsigned int i;
MYSQL_FIELD *fields;

num_fields = mysql_num_fields(result);
fields = mysql_fetch_fields(result);
for(i = 0; i < num_fields; i++)
{
   printf("Field %u is %s\n", i, fields[i].name);
}

20.8.3.20. mysql_fetch_lengths()

unsigned long *mysql_fetch_lengths(MYSQL_RES *result)

Description

Returns the lengths of the columns of the current row within a result set. If you plan to copy field values, this length information is also useful for optimization, because you can avoid calling strlen(). In addition, if the result set contains binary data, you must use this function to determine the size of the data, because strlen() returns incorrect results for any field containing null characters.

The length for empty columns and for columns containing NULL values is zero. To see how to distinguish these two cases, see the description for mysql_fetch_row().

Return Values

An array of unsigned long integers representing the size of each column (not including any terminating null characters). NULL if an error occurred.

Errors

mysql_fetch_lengths() is valid only for the current row of the result set. It returns NULL if you call it before calling mysql_fetch_row() or after retrieving all rows in the result.

Example

MYSQL_ROW row;
unsigned long *lengths;
unsigned int num_fields;
unsigned int i;

row = mysql_fetch_row(result);
if (row)
{
    num_fields = mysql_num_fields(result);
    lengths = mysql_fetch_lengths(result);
    for(i = 0; i < num_fields; i++)
    {
         printf("Column %u is %lu bytes in length.\n",
                i, lengths[i]);
    }
}

20.8.3.21. mysql_fetch_row()

MYSQL_ROW mysql_fetch_row(MYSQL_RES *result)

Description

Retrieves the next row of a result set. When used after mysql_store_result(), mysql_fetch_row() returns NULL when there are no more rows to retrieve. When used after mysql_use_result(), mysql_fetch_row() returns NULL when there are no more rows to retrieve or if an error occurred.

The number of values in the row is given by mysql_num_fields(result). If row holds the return value from a call to mysql_fetch_row(), pointers to the values are accessed as row[0] to row[mysql_num_fields(result)-1]. NULL values in the row are indicated by NULL pointers.

The lengths of the field values in the row may be obtained by calling mysql_fetch_lengths(). Empty fields and fields containing NULL both have length 0; you can distinguish these by checking the pointer for the field value. If the pointer is NULL, the field is NULL; otherwise, the field is empty.

Return Values

A MYSQL_ROW structure for the next row. NULL if there are no more rows to retrieve or if an error occurred.

Errors

Note that error is not reset between calls to mysql_fetch_row()

Example

MYSQL_ROW row;
unsigned int num_fields;
unsigned int i;

num_fields = mysql_num_fields(result);
while ((row = mysql_fetch_row(result)))
{
   unsigned long *lengths;
   lengths = mysql_fetch_lengths(result);
   for(i = 0; i < num_fields; i++)
   {
       printf("[%.*s] ", (int) lengths[i],
              row[i] ? row[i] : "NULL");
   }
   printf("\n");
}

20.8.3.22. mysql_field_count()

unsigned int mysql_field_count(MYSQL *mysql)

Description

Returns the number of columns for the most recent query on the connection.

The normal use of this function is when mysql_store_result() returned NULL (and thus you have no result set pointer). In this case, you can call mysql_field_count() to determine whether mysql_store_result() should have produced a nonempty result. This allows the client program to take proper action without knowing whether the query was a SELECT (or SELECT-like) statement. The example shown here illustrates how this may be done.

See Section 20.8.10.1, “Why mysql_store_result() Sometimes Returns NULL After mysql_query() Returns Success”.

Return Values

An unsigned integer representing the number of columns in a result set.

Errors

None.

Example

MYSQL_RES *result;
unsigned int num_fields;
unsigned int num_rows;

if (mysql_query(&mysql,query_string))
{
    // error
}
else // query succeeded, process any data returned by it
{
    result = mysql_store_result(&mysql);
    if (result)  // there are rows
    {
        num_fields = mysql_num_fields(result);
        // retrieve rows, then call mysql_free_result(result)
    }
    else  // mysql_store_result() returned nothing; should it have?
    {
        if(mysql_field_count(&mysql) == 0)
        {
            // query does not return data
            // (it was not a SELECT)
            num_rows = mysql_affected_rows(&mysql);
        }
        else // mysql_store_result() should have returned data
        {
            fprintf(stderr, "Error: %s\n", mysql_error(&mysql));
        }
    }
}

An alternative is to replace the mysql_field_count(&mysql) call with mysql_errno(&mysql). In this case, you are checking directly for an error from mysql_store_result() rather than inferring from the value of mysql_field_count() whether the statement was a SELECT.

20.8.3.23. mysql_field_seek()

MYSQL_FIELD_OFFSET mysql_field_seek(MYSQL_RES *result, MYSQL_FIELD_OFFSET offset)

Description

Sets the field cursor to the given offset. The next call to mysql_fetch_field() retrieves the field definition of the column associated with that offset.

To seek to the beginning of a row, pass an offset value of zero.

Return Values

The previous value of the field cursor.

Errors

None.

20.8.3.24. mysql_field_tell()

MYSQL_FIELD_OFFSET mysql_field_tell(MYSQL_RES *result)

Description

Returns the position of the field cursor used for the last mysql_fetch_field(). This value can be used as an argument to mysql_field_seek().

Return Values

The current offset of the field cursor.

Errors

None.

20.8.3.25. mysql_free_result()

void mysql_free_result(MYSQL_RES *result)

Description

Frees the memory allocated for a result set by mysql_store_result(), mysql_use_result(), mysql_list_dbs(), and so forth. When you are done with a result set, you must free the memory it uses by calling mysql_free_result().

Do not attempt to access a result set after freeing it.

Return Values

None.

Errors

None.

20.8.3.26. mysql_get_character_set_info()

void mysql_get_character_set_info(MYSQL *mysql, MY_CHARSET_INFO *cs)

Description

This function provides information about the default client character set. The default character set may be changed with the mysql_set_character_set() function.

This function was added in MySQL 5.0.10.

Example

This example shows the fields that are available in the MY_CHARSET_INFO structure:

if (!mysql_set_character_set(&mysql, "utf8"))
{
    MY_CHARSET_INFO cs;
    mysql_get_character_set_info(&mysql, &cs);
    printf("character set information:\n");
    printf("character set+collation number: %d\n", cs.number);
    printf("character set name: %s\n", cs.name);
    printf("collation name: %s\n", cs.csname);
    printf("comment: %s\n", cs.comment);
    printf("directory: %s\n", cs.dir);
    printf("multi byte character min. length: %d\n", cs.mbminlen);
    printf("multi byte character max. length: %d\n", cs.mbmaxlen);
}

20.8.3.27. mysql_get_client_info()

const char *mysql_get_client_info(void)

Description

Returns a string that represents the client library version.

Return Values

A character string that represents the MySQL client library version.

Errors

None.

20.8.3.28. mysql_get_client_version()

unsigned long mysql_get_client_version(void)

Description

Returns an integer that represents the client library version. The value has the format XYYZZ where X is the major version, YY is the release level, and ZZ is the version number within the release level. For example, a value of 40102 represents a client library version of 4.1.2.

Return Values

An integer that represents the MySQL client library version.

Errors

None.

20.8.3.29. mysql_get_host_info()

const char *mysql_get_host_info(MYSQL *mysql)

Description

Returns a string describing the type of connection in use, including the server host name.

Return Values

A character string representing the server host name and the connection type.

Errors

None.

20.8.3.30. mysql_get_proto_info()

unsigned int mysql_get_proto_info(MYSQL *mysql)

Description

Returns the protocol version used by current connection.

Return Values

An unsigned integer representing the protocol version used by the current connection.

Errors

None.

20.8.3.31. mysql_get_server_info()

const char *mysql_get_server_info(MYSQL *mysql)

Description

Returns a string that represents the server version number.

Return Values

A character string that represents the server version number.

Errors

None.

20.8.3.32. mysql_get_server_version()

unsigned long mysql_get_server_version(MYSQL *mysql)

Description

Returns the version number of the server as an integer.

Return Values

A number that represents the MySQL server version in this format:

major_version*10000 + minor_version *100 + sub_version

For example, 5.0.12 is returned as 50012.

This function is useful in client programs for quickly determining whether some version-specific server capability exists.

Errors

None.

20.8.3.33. mysql_get_ssl_cipher()

const char *mysql_get_ssl_cipher(MYSQL *mysql)

Description

mysql_get_ssl_cipher() returns the SSL cipher used for the given connection to the server. mysql is the connection handler returned from mysql_init().

This function was added in MySQL 5.0.23.

Return Values

A string naming the SSL cipher used for the connection, or NULL if no cipher is being used.

20.8.3.34. mysql_hex_string()

unsigned long mysql_hex_string(char *to, const char *from, unsigned long length)

Description

This function is used to create a legal SQL string that you can use in an SQL statement. See Section 8.1.1, “Strings”.

The string in from is encoded to hexadecimal format, with each character encoded as two hexadecimal digits. The result is placed in to and a terminating null byte is appended.

The string pointed to by from must be length bytes long. You must allocate the to buffer to be at least length*2+1 bytes long. When mysql_hex_string() returns, the contents of to is a null-terminated string. The return value is the length of the encoded string, not including the terminating null character.

The return value can be placed into an SQL statement using either 0xvalue or X'value' format. However, the return value does not include the 0x or X'...'. The caller must supply whichever of those is desired.

Example

char query[1000],*end;

end = strmov(query,"INSERT INTO test_table values(");
end = strmov(end,"0x");
end += mysql_hex_string(end,"What is this",12);
end = strmov(end,",0x");
end += mysql_hex_string(end,"binary data: \0\r\n",16);
*end++ = ')';

if (mysql_real_query(&mysql,query,(unsigned int) (end - query)))
{
   fprintf(stderr, "Failed to insert row, Error: %s\n",
           mysql_error(&mysql));
}

The strmov() function used in the example is included in the mysqlclient library and works like strcpy() but returns a pointer to the terminating null of the first parameter.

Return Values

The length of the value placed into to, not including the terminating null character.

Errors

None.

20.8.3.35. mysql_info()

const char *mysql_info(MYSQL *mysql)

Description

Retrieves a string providing information about the most recently executed statement, but only for the statements listed here. For other statements, mysql_info() returns NULL. The format of the string varies depending on the type of statement, as described here. The numbers are illustrative only; the string contains values appropriate for the statement.

  • INSERT INTO ... SELECT ...

    String format: Records: 100 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0

  • INSERT INTO ... VALUES (...),(...),(...)...

    String format: Records: 3 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0

  • LOAD DATA INFILE ...

    String format: Records: 1 Deleted: 0 Skipped: 0 Warnings: 0

  • ALTER TABLE

    String format: Records: 3 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0

  • UPDATE

    String format: Rows matched: 40 Changed: 40 Warnings: 0

Note that mysql_info() returns a non-NULL value for INSERT ... VALUES only for the multiple-row form of the statement (that is, only if multiple value lists are specified).

Return Values

A character string representing additional information about the most recently executed statement. NULL if no information is available for the statement.

Errors

None.

20.8.3.36. mysql_init()

MYSQL *mysql_init(MYSQL *mysql)

Description

Allocates or initializes a MYSQL object suitable for mysql_real_connect(). If mysql is a NULL pointer, the function allocates, initializes, and returns a new object. Otherwise, the object is initialized and the address of the object is returned. If mysql_init() allocates a new object, it is freed when mysql_close() is called to close the connection.

Return Values

An initialized MYSQL* handle. NULL if there was insufficient memory to allocate a new object.

Errors

In case of insufficient memory, NULL is returned.

20.8.3.37. mysql_insert_id()

my_ulonglong mysql_insert_id(MYSQL *mysql)

Description

Returns the value generated for an AUTO_INCREMENT column by the previous INSERT or UPDATE statement. Use this function after you have performed an INSERT statement into a table that contains an AUTO_INCREMENT field, or have used INSERT or UPDATE to set a column value with LAST_INSERT_ID(expr).

More precisely, mysql_insert_id() is updated under these conditions:

  • INSERT statements that store a value into an AUTO_INCREMENT column. This is true whether the value is automatically generated by storing the special values NULL or 0 into the column, or is an explicit nonspecial value.

  • In the case of a multiple-row INSERT statement, mysql_insert_id() returns the first automatically generated AUTO_INCREMENT value; if no such value is generated, it returns the last explicit value inserted into the AUTO_INCREMENT column.

    If no rows are successfully inserted, mysql_insert_id() returns 0.

  • Starting in MySQL 5.0.54, if an INSERT ... SELECT statement is executed, and no automatically generated value is successfully inserted, mysql_insert_id() returns the ID of the last inserted row.

  • INSERT statements that generate an AUTO_INCREMENT value by inserting LAST_INSERT_ID(expr) into any column or by updating any column to LAST_INSERT_ID(expr).

  • If the previous statement returned an error, the value of mysql_insert_id() is undefined.

mysql_insert_id() returns 0 if the previous statement does not use an AUTO_INCREMENT value. If you need to save the value for later, be sure to call mysql_insert_id() immediately after the statement that generates the value.

The value of mysql_insert_id() is not affected by statements such as SELECT that return a result set.

The value of mysql_insert_id() is affected only by statements issued within the current client connection. It is not affected by statements issued by other clients.

The LAST_INSERT_ID() SQL function returns the most recently generated AUTO_INCREMENT value, and is not reset between statements because the value of that function is maintained in the server. Another difference from mysql_insert_id() is that LAST_INSERT_ID() is not updated if you set an AUTO_INCREMENT column to a specific nonspecial value. See Section 11.10.3, “Information Functions”.

mysql_insert_id() returns 0 following a CALL statement for a stored procedure that generates an AUTO_INCREMENT value because in this case mysql_insert_id() applies to CALL and not the statement within the procedure. Within the procedure, you can use LAST_INSERT_ID() at the SQL level to obtain the AUTO_INCREMENT value.

The reason for the differences between LAST_INSERT_ID() and mysql_insert_id() is that LAST_INSERT_ID() is made easy to use in scripts while mysql_insert_id() tries to provide more exact information about what happens to the AUTO_INCREMENT column.

Return Values

Described in the preceding discussion.

Errors

None.

20.8.3.38. mysql_kill()

int mysql_kill(MYSQL *mysql, unsigned long pid)

Description

Asks the server to kill the thread specified by pid.

This function is deprecated. It is preferable to use mysql_query() to issue an SQL KILL statement instead.

Return Values

Zero for success. Nonzero if an error occurred.

Errors

20.8.3.39. mysql_library_end()

void mysql_library_end(void)

Description

This function finalizes the MySQL library. You should call it when you are done using the library (for example, after disconnecting from the server). The action taken by the call depends on whether your application is linked to the MySQL client library or the MySQL embedded server library. For a client program linked against the libmysqlclient library by using the -lmysqlclient flag, mysql_library_end() performs some memory management to clean up. For an embedded server application linked against the libmysqld library by using the -lmysqld flag, mysql_library_end() shuts down the embedded server and then cleans up.

For usage information, see Section 20.8.2, “C API Function Overview”, and Section 20.8.3.40, “mysql_library_init().

mysql_library_end() was added in MySQL 5.0.3. For older versions of MySQL, call mysql_server_end() instead.

20.8.3.40. mysql_library_init()

int mysql_library_init(int argc, char **argv, char **groups)

Description

This function should be called to initialize the MySQL library before you call any other MySQL function, whether your application is a regular client program or uses the embedded server. If the application uses the embedded server, this call starts the server and initializes any subsystems (mysys, InnoDB, and so forth) that the server uses.

After your application is done using the MySQL library, call mysql_library_end() to clean up. See Section 20.8.3.39, “mysql_library_end().

The choice of whether the application operates as a regular client or uses the embedded server depends on whether you use the libmysqlclient or libmysqld library at link time to produce the final executable. For additional information, see Section 20.8.2, “C API Function Overview”.

In a nonmulti-threaded environment, the call to mysql_library_init() may be omitted, because mysql_init() will invoke it automatically as necessary. However, mysql_library_init() is not thread-safe in a multi-threaded environment, and thus neither is mysql_init(), which calls mysql_library_init(). You must either call mysql_library_init() prior to spawning any threads, or else use a mutex to protect the call, whether you invoke mysql_library_init() or indirectly via mysql_init(). This should be done prior to any other client library call.

The argc and argv arguments are analogous to the arguments to main(), and enable passing of options to the embedded server. For convenience, argc may be 0 (zero) if there are no command-line arguments for the server. This is the usual case for applications intended for use only as regular (nonembedded) clients, and the call typically is written as mysql_library_init(0, NULL, NULL).

#include <mysql.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

int main(void) {
  if (mysql_library_init(0, NULL, NULL)) {
    fprintf(stderr, "could not initialize MySQL library\n");
    exit(1);
  }

  /* Use any MySQL API functions here */

  mysql_library_end();

  return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}

When arguments are to be passed (argc is greater than 0), the first element of argv is ignored (it typically contains the program name). mysql_library_init() makes a copy of the arguments so it is safe to destroy argv or groups after the call.

For embedded applications, if you want to connect to an external server without starting the embedded server, you have to specify a negative value for argc.

The groups argument should be an array of strings that indicate the groups in option files from which options should be read. See Section 4.2.3.3, “Using Option Files”. The final entry in the array should be NULL. For convenience, if the groups argument itself is NULL, the [server] and [embedded] groups are used by default.

#include <mysql.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

static char *server_args[] = {
  "this_program",       /* this string is not used */
  "--datadir=.",
  "--key_buffer_size=32M"
};
static char *server_groups[] = {
  "embedded",
  "server",
  "this_program_SERVER",
  (char *)NULL
};

int main(void) {
  if (mysql_library_init(sizeof(server_args) / sizeof(char *),
                        server_args, server_groups)) {
    fprintf(stderr, "could not initialize MySQL library\n");
    exit(1);
  }

  /* Use any MySQL API functions here */

  mysql_library_end();

  return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}

mysql_library_init() was added in MySQL 5.0.3. For older versions of MySQL, call mysql_server_init() instead.

Return Values

Zero if successful. Nonzero if an error occurred.

20.8.3.41. mysql_list_dbs()

MYSQL_RES *mysql_list_dbs(MYSQL *mysql, const char *wild)

Description

Returns a result set consisting of database names on the server that match the simple regular expression specified by the wild parameter. wild may contain the wildcard characters “%” or “_”, or may be a NULL pointer to match all databases. Calling mysql_list_dbs() is similar to executing the query SHOW DATABASES [LIKE wild].

You must free the result set with mysql_free_result().

Return Values

A MYSQL_RES result set for success. NULL if an error occurred.

Errors

20.8.3.42. mysql_list_fields()

MYSQL_RES *mysql_list_fields(MYSQL *mysql, const char *table, const char *wild)

Description

Returns a result set consisting of field names in the given table that match the simple regular expression specified by the wild parameter. wild may contain the wildcard characters “%” or “_”, or may be a NULL pointer to match all fields. Calling mysql_list_fields() is similar to executing the query SHOW COLUMNS FROM tbl_name [LIKE wild].

It is preferable to use SHOW COLUMNS FROM tbl_name instead of mysql_list_fields().

You must free the result set with mysql_free_result().

Return Values

A MYSQL_RES result set for success. NULL if an error occurred.

Errors

20.8.3.43. mysql_list_processes()

MYSQL_RES *mysql_list_processes(MYSQL *mysql)

Description

Returns a result set describing the current server threads. This is the same kind of information as that reported by mysqladmin processlist or a SHOW PROCESSLIST query.

You must free the result set with mysql_free_result().

Return Values

A MYSQL_RES result set for success. NULL if an error occurred.

Errors

20.8.3.44. mysql_list_tables()

MYSQL_RES *mysql_list_tables(MYSQL *mysql, const char *wild)

Description

Returns a result set consisting of table names in the current database that match the simple regular expression specified by the wild parameter. wild may contain the wildcard characters “%” or “_”, or may be a NULL pointer to match all tables. Calling mysql_list_tables() is similar to executing the query SHOW TABLES [LIKE wild].

You must free the result set with mysql_free_result().

Return Values

A MYSQL_RES result set for success. NULL if an error occurred.

Errors

20.8.3.45. mysql_more_results()

my_bool mysql_more_results(MYSQL *mysql)

Description

This function is used when you execute multiple statements specified as a single statement string, or when you execute CALL statements, which can return multiple result sets.

mysql_more_results() true if more results exist from the currently executed statement, in which case the application must call mysql_next_result() to fetch the results.

Return Values

TRUE (1) if more results exist. FALSE (0) if no more results exist.

In most cases, you can call mysql_next_result() instead to test whether more results exist and initiate retrieval if so.

See Section 20.8.12, “C API Support for Multiple Statement Execution”, and Section 20.8.3.46, “mysql_next_result().

Errors

None.

20.8.3.46. mysql_next_result()

int mysql_next_result(MYSQL *mysql)

Description

This function is used when you execute multiple statements specified as a single statement string, or when you use CALL statements to execute stored procedures, which can return multiple result sets.

mysql_next_result() reads the next statement result and returns a status to indicate whether more results exist. If mysql_next_result() returns an error, there are no more results.

Before each call to mysql_next_result(), you must call mysql_free_result() for the current statement if it is a statement that returned a result set (rather than just a result status).

After calling mysql_next_result() the state of the connection is as if you had called mysql_real_query() or mysql_query() for the next statement. This means that you can call mysql_store_result(), mysql_warning_count(), mysql_affected_rows(), and so forth.

If your program uses CALL statements to execute stored procedures, the CLIENT_MULTI_RESULTS flag must be enabled. This is because each CALL returns a result to indicate the call status, in addition to any result sets that might be returned by statements executed within the procedure. Because CALL can return multiple results, you should process them using a loop that calls mysql_next_result() to determine whether there are more results.

CLIENT_MULTI_RESULTS can be enabled when you call mysql_real_connect(), either explicitly by passing the CLIENT_MULTI_RESULTS flag itself, or implicitly by passing CLIENT_MULTI_STATEMENTS (which also enables CLIENT_MULTI_RESULTS).

It is also possible to test whether there are more results by calling mysql_more_results(). However, this function does not change the connection state, so if it returns true, you must still call mysql_next_result() to advance to the next result.

For an example that shows how to use mysql_next_result(), see Section 20.8.12, “C API Support for Multiple Statement Execution”.

Return Values

Return ValueDescription
0Successful and there are more results
-1Successful and there are no more results
>0An error occurred

Errors

20.8.3.47. mysql_num_fields()

unsigned int mysql_num_fields(MYSQL_RES *result)

To pass a MYSQL* argument instead, use unsigned int mysql_field_count(MYSQL *mysql).

Description

Returns the number of columns in a result set.

Note that you can get the number of columns either from a pointer to a result set or to a connection handle. You would use the connection handle if mysql_store_result() or mysql_use_result() returned NULL (and thus you have no result set pointer). In this case, you can call mysql_field_count() to determine whether mysql_store_result() should have produced a nonempty result. This allows the client program to take proper action without knowing whether the query was a SELECT (or SELECT-like) statement. The example shown here illustrates how this may be done.

See Section 20.8.10.1, “Why mysql_store_result() Sometimes Returns NULL After mysql_query() Returns Success”.

Return Values

An unsigned integer representing the number of columns in a result set.

Errors

None.

Example

MYSQL_RES *result;
unsigned int num_fields;
unsigned int num_rows;

if (mysql_query(&mysql,query_string))
{
    // error
}
else // query succeeded, process any data returned by it
{
    result = mysql_store_result(&mysql);
    if (result)  // there are rows
    {
        num_fields = mysql_num_fields(result);
        // retrieve rows, then call mysql_free_result(result)
    }
    else  // mysql_store_result() returned nothing; should it have?
    {
        if (mysql_errno(&mysql))
        {
           fprintf(stderr, "Error: %s\n", mysql_error(&mysql));
        }
        else if (mysql_field_count(&mysql) == 0)
        {
            // query does not return data
            // (it was not a SELECT)
            num_rows = mysql_affected_rows(&mysql);
        }
    }
}

An alternative (if you know that your query should have returned a result set) is to replace the mysql_errno(&mysql) call with a check whether mysql_field_count(&mysql) returns 0. This happens only if something went wrong.

20.8.3.48. mysql_num_rows()

my_ulonglong mysql_num_rows(MYSQL_RES *result)

Description

Returns the number of rows in the result set.

The use of mysql_num_rows() depends on whether you use mysql_store_result() or mysql_use_result() to return the result set. If you use mysql_store_result(), mysql_num_rows() may be called immediately. If you use mysql_use_result(), mysql_num_rows() does not return the correct value until all the rows in the result set have been retrieved.

mysql_num_rows() is intended for use with statements that return a result set, such as SELECT. For statements such as INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE, the number of affected rows can be obtained with mysql_affected_rows().

Return Values

The number of rows in the result set.

Errors

None.

20.8.3.49. mysql_options()

int mysql_options(MYSQL *mysql, enum mysql_option option, const char *arg)

Description

Can be used to set extra connect options and affect behavior for a connection. This function may be called multiple times to set several options.

mysql_options() should be called after mysql_init() and before mysql_connect() or mysql_real_connect().

The option argument is the option that you want to set; the arg argument is the value for the option. If the option is an integer, arg should point to the value of the integer.

The following list describes the possible options, their effect, and how arg is used for each option. Several of the options apply only when the application is linked against the libmysqld embedded server library and are unused for applications linked against the libmysql client library. For option descriptions that indicate arg is unused, its value is irrelevant; it is conventional to pass 0.

  • MYSQL_INIT_COMMAND (argument type: char *)

    SQL statement to execute when connecting to the MySQL server. Automatically re-executed if reconnection occurs.

  • MYSQL_OPT_COMPRESS (argument: not used)

    Use the compressed client/server protocol.

  • MYSQL_OPT_CONNECT_TIMEOUT (argument type: unsigned int *)

    Connect timeout in seconds.

  • MYSQL_OPT_GUESS_CONNECTION (argument: not used)

    For an application linked against the libmysqld embedded server library, this allows the library to guess whether to use the embedded server or a remote server. “Guess” means that if the host name is set and is not localhost, it uses a remote server. This behavior is the default. MYSQL_OPT_USE_EMBEDDED_CONNECTION and MYSQL_OPT_USE_REMOTE_CONNECTION can be used to override it. This option is ignored for applications linked against the libmysqlclient client library.

  • MYSQL_OPT_LOCAL_INFILE (argument type: optional pointer to unsigned int)

    If no pointer is given or if pointer points to an unsigned int that has a nonzero value, the LOAD LOCAL INFILE statement is enabled.

  • MYSQL_OPT_NAMED_PIPE (argument: not used)

    Use named pipes to connect to a MySQL server on Windows, if the server allows named-pipe connections.

  • MYSQL_OPT_PROTOCOL (argument type: unsigned int *)

    Type of protocol to use. Should be one of the enum values of mysql_protocol_type defined in mysql.h.

  • MYSQL_OPT_READ_TIMEOUT (argument type: unsigned int *)

    The timeout in seconds for attempts to read from the server. Each attempt uses this timeout value and there are retries if necessary, so the total effective timeout value is three times the option value. You can set the value so that a lost connection can be detected earlier than the TCP/IP Close_Wait_Timeout value of 10 minutes. This option works only for TCP/IP connections and, prior to MySQL 5.0.25, only for Windows.

  • MYSQL_OPT_RECONNECT (argument type: my_bool *)

    Enable or disable automatic reconnection to the server if the connection is found to have been lost. Reconnect has been off by default since MySQL 5.0.3; this option is new in 5.0.13 and provides a way to set reconnection behavior explicitly.

    Note: mysql_real_connect() incorrectly reset the MYSQL_OPT_RECONNECT option to its default value before MySQL 5.0.19. Therefore, prior to that version, if you want reconnect to be enabled for each connection, you must call mysql_options() with the MYSQL_OPT_RECONNECT option after each call to mysql_real_connect(). This is not necessary as of 5.0.19: Call mysql_options() only before mysql_real_connect() as usual.

  • MYSQL_SET_CLIENT_IP (argument type: char *)

    For an application linked against the libmysqld embedded server library (when libmysqld is compiled with authentication support), this means that the user is considered to have connected from the specified IP address (specified as a string) for authentication purposes. This option is ignored for applications linked against the libmysqlclient client library.

  • MYSQL_OPT_SSL_VERIFY_SERVER_CERT (argument type: my_bool *)

    Enable or disable verification of the server's Common Name value in its certificate against the host name used when connecting to the server. The connection is rejected if there is a mismatch. This feature can be used to prevent man-in-the-middle attacks. Verification is disabled by default. Added in MySQL 5.0.23.

  • MYSQL_OPT_USE_EMBEDDED_CONNECTION (argument: not used)

    For an application linked against the libmysqld embedded server library, this forces the use of the embedded server for the connection. This option is ignored for applications linked against the libmysqlclient client library.

  • MYSQL_OPT_USE_REMOTE_CONNECTION (argument: not used)

    For an application linked against the libmysqld embedded server library, this forces the use of a remote server for the connection. This option is ignored for applications linked against the libmysqlclient client library.

  • MYSQL_OPT_USE_RESULT (argument: not used)

    This option is unused.

  • MYSQL_OPT_WRITE_TIMEOUT (argument type: unsigned int *)

    The timeout in seconds for attempts to write to the server. Each attempt uses this timeout value and there are net_retry_count retries if necessary, so the total effective timeout value is net_retry_count times the option value. This option works only for TCP/IP connections and, prior to MySQL 5.0.25, only for Windows.

  • MYSQL_READ_DEFAULT_FILE (argument type: char *)

    Read options from the named option file instead of from my.cnf.

  • MYSQL_READ_DEFAULT_GROUP (argument type: char *)

    Read options from the named group from my.cnf or the file specified with MYSQL_READ_DEFAULT_FILE.

  • MYSQL_REPORT_DATA_TRUNCATION (argument type: my_bool *)

    Enable or disable reporting of data truncation errors for prepared statements via the error member of MYSQL_BIND structures. (Default: enabled) Added in 5.0.3.

  • MYSQL_SECURE_AUTH (argument type: my_bool *)

    Whether to connect to a server that does not support the password hashing used in MySQL 4.1.1 and later.

  • MYSQL_SET_CHARSET_DIR (argument type: char *)

    The path name to the directory that contains character set definition files.

  • MYSQL_SET_CHARSET_NAME (argument type: char *)

    The name of the character set to use as the default character set.

  • MYSQL_SHARED_MEMORY_BASE_NAME (argument type: char *)

    The name of the shared-memory object for communication to the server on Windows, if the server supports shared-memory connections. Should have the same value as the --shared-memory-base-name option used for the mysqld server you want to connect to.

The client group is always read if you use MYSQL_READ_DEFAULT_FILE or MYSQL_READ_DEFAULT_GROUP.

The specified group in the option file may contain the following options.

OptionDescription
character-sets-dir=pathThe directory where character sets are installed.
compressUse the compressed client/server protocol.
connect-timeout=secondsConnect timeout in seconds. On Linux this timeout is also used for waiting for the first answer from the server.
database=db_nameConnect to this database if no database was specified in the connect command.
debugDebug options.
default-character-set=charset_nameThe default character set to use.
disable-local-infileDisable use of LOAD DATA LOCAL.
host=host_nameDefault host name.
init-command=stmtStatement to execute when connecting to MySQL server. Automatically re-executed if reconnection occurs.
interactive-timeout=secondsSame as specifying CLIENT_INTERACTIVE to mysql_real_connect(). See Section 20.8.3.52, “mysql_real_connect().
local-infile[={0|1}]If no argument or nonzero argument, enable use of LOAD DATA LOCAL; otherwise disable.
max_allowed_packet=bytesMaximum size of packet that client can read from server.
multi-queries, multi-resultsAllow multiple result sets from multiple-statement executions or stored procedures.
multi-statementsAllow the client to send multiple statements in a single string (separated by “;”).
password=passwordDefault password.
pipeUse named pipes to connect to a MySQL server on Windows.
port=port_numDefault port number.
protocol={TCP|SOCKET|PIPE|MEMORY}The protocol to use when connecting to the server.
return-found-rowsTell mysql_info() to return found rows instead of updated rows when using UPDATE.
shared-memory-base-name=nameShared-memory name to use to connect to server.
socket=pathDefault socket file.
ssl-ca=file_nameCertificate Authority file.
ssl-capath=pathCertificate Authority directory.
ssl-cert=file_nameCertificate file.
ssl-cipher=cipher_listAllowable SSL ciphers.
ssl-key=file_nameKey file.
timeout=secondsLike connect-timeout.
userDefault user.

timeout has been replaced by connect-timeout, but timeout is still supported in MySQL 5.0 for backward compatibility.

For more information about option files, see Section 4.2.3.3, “Using Option Files”.

Return Values

Zero for success. Nonzero if you specify an unknown option.

Example

The following mysql_options() calls request the use of compression in the client/server protocol, cause options to be read from the [odbc] group of option files, and disable transaction autocommit mode:

MYSQL mysql;

mysql_init(&mysql);
mysql_options(&mysql,MYSQL_OPT_COMPRESS,0);
mysql_options(&mysql,MYSQL_READ_DEFAULT_GROUP,"odbc");
mysql_options(&mysql,MYSQL_INIT_COMMAND,"SET autocommit=0");
if (!mysql_real_connect(&mysql,"host","user","passwd","database",0,NULL,0))
{
    fprintf(stderr, "Failed to connect to database: Error: %s\n",
          mysql_error(&mysql));
}

This code requests that the client use the compressed client/server protocol and read the additional options from the odbc section in the my.cnf file.

20.8.3.50. mysql_ping()

int mysql_ping(MYSQL *mysql)

Description

Checks whether the connection to the server is working. If the connection has gone down and auto-reconnect is enabled an attempt to reconnect is made. If the connection is down and auto-reconnect is disabled, mysql_ping() returns an error.

Auto-reconnect is enabled by default before MySQL 5.0.3 and enabled from 5.0.3 on. To enable auto-connect, call mysql_options() with the MYSQL_OPT_RECONNECT option. For details, see Section 20.8.3.49, “mysql_options().

mysql_ping() can be used by clients that remain idle for a long while, to check whether the server has closed the connection and reconnect if necessary.

If mysql_ping()) does cause a reconnect, there is no explicit indication of it. To determine whether a reconnect occurs, call mysql_thread_id() to get the original connection identifier before calling mysql_ping(), and then call mysql_thread_id() again to see whether the identifier has changed.

If reconnect occurs, some characteristics of the connection will have been reset. For details about these characteristics, see Section 20.8.11, “Controlling Automatic Reconnection Behavior”.

Return Values

Zero if the connection to the server is alive. Nonzero if an error occurred. A nonzero return does not indicate whether the MySQL server itself is down; the connection might be broken for other reasons such as network problems.

Errors

20.8.3.51. mysql_query()

int mysql_query(MYSQL *mysql, const char *stmt_str)

Description

Executes the SQL statement pointed to by the null-terminated string stmt_str. Normally, the string must consist of a single SQL statement and you should not add a terminating semicolon (“;”) or \g to the statement. If multiple-statement execution has been enabled, the string can contain several statements separated by semicolons. See Section 20.8.12, “C API Support for Multiple Statement Execution”.

mysql_query() cannot be used for statements that contain binary data; you must use mysql_real_query() instead. (Binary data may contain the “\0” character, which mysql_query() interprets as the end of the statement string.)

If you want to know whether the statement should return a result set, you can use mysql_field_count() to check for this. See Section 20.8.3.22, “mysql_field_count().

Return Values

Zero if the statement was successful. Nonzero if an error occurred.

Errors

20.8.3.52. mysql_real_connect()

MYSQL *mysql_real_connect(MYSQL *mysql, const char *host, const char *user, const char *passwd, const char *db, unsigned int port, const char *unix_socket, unsigned long client_flag)

Description

mysql_real_connect() attempts to establish a connection to a MySQL database engine running on host. mysql_real_connect() must complete successfully before you can execute any other API functions that require a valid MYSQL connection handle structure.

The parameters are specified as follows:

  • The first parameter should be the address of an existing MYSQL structure. Before calling mysql_real_connect() you must call mysql_init() to initialize the MYSQL structure. You can change a lot of connect options with the mysql_options() call. See Section 20.8.3.49, “mysql_options().

  • The value of host may be either a host name or an IP address. If host is NULL or the string "localhost", a connection to the local host is assumed. For Windows, the client connects using a shared-memory connection, if the server has shared-memory connections enabled. Otherwise, TCP/IP is used. For Unix, the client connects using a Unix socket file. For local connections, you can also influence the type of connection to use with the MYSQL_OPT_PROTOCOL or MYSQL_OPT_NAMED_PIPE options to mysql_options(). The type of connection must be supported by the server. For a host value of "." on Windows, the client connects using a named pipe, if the server has named-pipe connections enabled. If named-pipe connections are not enabled, an error occurs.

  • The user parameter contains the user's MySQL login ID. If user is NULL or the empty string "", the current user is assumed. Under Unix, this is the current login name. Under Windows ODBC, the current user name must be specified explicitly. See the MyODBC section of Chapter 20, Connectors and APIs.

  • The passwd parameter contains the password for user. If passwd is NULL, only entries in the user table for the user that have a blank (empty) password field are checked for a match. This allows the database administrator to set up the MySQL privilege system in such a way that users get different privileges depending on whether they have specified a password.

    Note

    Do not attempt to encrypt the password before calling mysql_real_connect(); password encryption is handled automatically by the client API.

  • The user and passwd parameters use whatever character set has been configured for the MYSQL object. By default, this is latin1, but can be changed by calling mysql_options(mysql, MYSQL_SET_CHARSET_NAME, "charset_name") prior to connecting.

  • db is the database name. If db is not NULL, the connection sets the default database to this value.

  • If port is not 0, the value is used as the port number for the TCP/IP connection. Note that the host parameter determines the type of the connection.

  • If unix_socket is not NULL, the string specifies the socket or named pipe that should be used. Note that the host parameter determines the type of the connection.

  • The value of client_flag is usually 0, but can be set to a combination of the following flags to enable certain features.

    Flag NameFlag Description
    CLIENT_COMPRESSUse compression protocol.
    CLIENT_FOUND_ROWSReturn the number of found (matched) rows, not the number of changed rows.
    CLIENT_IGNORE_SIGPIPEPrevents the client library from installing a SIGPIPE signal handler. This can be used to avoid conflicts with a handler that the application has already installed.
    CLIENT_IGNORE_SPACEAllow spaces after function names. Makes all functions names reserved words.
    CLIENT_INTERACTIVEAllow interactive_timeout seconds (instead of wait_timeout seconds) of inactivity before closing the connection. The client's session wait_timeout variable is set to the value of the session interactive_timeout variable.
    CLIENT_LOCAL_FILESEnable LOAD DATA LOCAL handling.
    CLIENT_MULTI_RESULTSTell the server that the client can handle multiple result sets from multiple-statement executions or stored procedures. This flag is automatically enabled if CLIENT_MULTI_STATEMENTS is enabled. See the note following this table for more information about this flag.
    CLIENT_MULTI_STATEMENTSTell the server that the client may send multiple statements in a single string (separated by “;”). If this flag is not set, multiple-statement execution is disabled. See the note following this table for more information about this flag.
    CLIENT_NO_SCHEMADo not allow the db_name.tbl_name.col_name syntax. This is for ODBC. It causes the parser to generate an error if you use that syntax, which is useful for trapping bugs in some ODBC programs.
    CLIENT_ODBCUnused.
    CLIENT_SSLUse SSL (encrypted protocol). This option should not be set by application programs; it is set internally in the client library. Instead, use mysql_ssl_set() before calling mysql_real_connect().
    CLIENT_REMEMBER_OPTIONSRemember options specified by calls to mysql_options(). Without this option, if mysql_real_connect() fails, you must repeat the mysql_options() calls before trying to connect again. With this option, the mysql_options() calls need not be repeated.

If your program uses CALL statements to execute stored procedures, the CLIENT_MULTI_RESULTS flag must be enabled. This is because each CALL returns a result to indicate the call status, in addition to any result sets that might be returned by statements executed within the procedure. Because CALL can return multiple results, you should process them using a loop that calls mysql_next_result() to determine whether there are more results.

CLIENT_MULTI_RESULTS can be enabled when you call mysql_real_connect(), either explicitly by passing the CLIENT_MULTI_RESULTS flag itself, or implicitly by passing CLIENT_MULTI_STATEMENTS (which also enables CLIENT_MULTI_RESULTS).

If you enable CLIENT_MULTI_STATEMENTS or CLIENT_MULTI_RESULTS, you should process the result for every call to mysql_query() or mysql_real_query() by using a loop that calls mysql_next_result() to determine whether there are more results. For an example, see Section 20.8.12, “C API Support for Multiple Statement Execution”.

For some parameters, it is possible to have the value taken from an option file rather than from an explicit value in the mysql_real_connect() call. To do this, call mysql_options() with the MYSQL_READ_DEFAULT_FILE or MYSQL_READ_DEFAULT_GROUP option before calling mysql_real_connect(). Then, in the mysql_real_connect() call, specify the “no-value” value for each parameter to be read from an option file:

  • For host, specify a value of NULL or the empty string ("").

  • For user, specify a value of NULL or the empty string.

  • For passwd, specify a value of NULL. (For the password, a value of the empty string in the mysql_real_connect() call cannot be overridden in an option file, because the empty string indicates explicitly that the MySQL account must have an empty password.)

  • For db, specify a value of NULL or the empty string.

  • For port, specify a value of 0.

  • For unix_socket, specify a value of NULL.

If no value is found in an option file for a parameter, its default value is used as indicated in the descriptions given earlier in this section.

Return Values

A MYSQL* connection handle if the connection was successful, NULL if the connection was unsuccessful. For a successful connection, the return value is the same as the value of the first parameter.

Errors

Example

MYSQL mysql;

mysql_init(&mysql);
mysql_options(&mysql,MYSQL_READ_DEFAULT_GROUP,"your_prog_name");
if (!mysql_real_connect(&mysql,"host","user","passwd","database",0,NULL,0))
{
    fprintf(stderr, "Failed to connect to database: Error: %s\n",
          mysql_error(&mysql));
}

By using mysql_options() the MySQL library reads the [client] and [your_prog_name] sections in the my.cnf file which ensures that your program works, even if someone has set up MySQL in some nonstandard way.

Note that upon connection, mysql_real_connect() sets the reconnect flag (part of the MYSQL structure) to a value of 1 in versions of the API older than 5.0.3, or 0 in newer versions. A value of 1 for this flag indicates that if a statement cannot be performed because of a lost connection, to try reconnecting to the server before giving up. As of MySQL 5.0.13, you can use the MYSQL_OPT_RECONNECT option to mysql_options() to control reconnection behavior.

20.8.3.53. mysql_real_escape_string()

unsigned long mysql_real_escape_string(MYSQL *mysql, char *to, const char *from, unsigned long length)

Note that mysql must be a valid, open connection. This is needed because the escaping depends on the character set in use by the server.

Description

This function is used to create a legal SQL string that you can use in an SQL statement. See Section 8.1.1, “Strings”.

The string in from is encoded to an escaped SQL string, taking into account the current character set of the connection. The result is placed in to and a terminating null byte is appended. Characters encoded are NUL (ASCII 0), “\n”, “\r”, “\”, “'”, “"”, and Control-Z (see Section 8.1, “Literal Values”). (Strictly speaking, MySQL requires only that backslash and the quote character used to quote the string in the query be escaped. This function quotes the other characters to make them easier to read in log files.)

The string pointed to by from must be length bytes long. You must allocate the to buffer to be at least length*2+1 bytes long. (In the worst case, each character may need to be encoded as using two bytes, and you need room for the terminating null byte.) When mysql_real_escape_string() returns, the contents of to is a null-terminated string. The return value is the length of the encoded string, not including the terminating null character.

If you need to change the character set of the connection, you should use the mysql_set_character_set() function rather than executing a SET NAMES (or SET CHARACTER SET) statement. mysql_set_character_set() works like SET NAMES but also affects the character set used by mysql_real_escape_string(), which SET NAMES does not.

Example

char query[1000],*end;

end = strmov(query,"INSERT INTO test_table values(");
*end++ = '\'';
end += mysql_real_escape_string(&mysql, end,"What is this",12);
*end++ = '\'';
*end++ = ',';
*end++ = '\'';
end += mysql_real_escape_string(&mysql, end,"binary data: \0\r\n",16);
*end++ = '\'';
*end++ = ')';

if (mysql_real_query(&mysql,query,(unsigned int) (end - query)))
{
   fprintf(stderr, "Failed to insert row, Error: %s\n",
           mysql_error(&mysql));
}

The strmov() function used in the example is included in the mysqlclient library and works like strcpy() but returns a pointer to the terminating null of the first parameter.

Return Values

The length of the value placed into to, not including the terminating null character.

Errors

None.

20.8.3.54. mysql_real_query()

int mysql_real_query(MYSQL *mysql, const char *stmt_str, unsigned long length)

Description

Executes the SQL statement pointed to by stmt_str, which should be a string length bytes long. Normally, the string must consist of a single SQL statement and you should not add a terminating semicolon (“;”) or \g to the statement. If multiple-statement execution has been enabled, the string can contain several statements separated by semicolons. See Section 20.8.12, “C API Support for Multiple Statement Execution”.

mysql_query() cannot be used for statements that contain binary data; you must use mysql_real_query() instead. (Binary data may contain the “\0” character, which mysql_query() interprets as the end of the statement string.) In addition, mysql_real_query() is faster than mysql_query() because it does not call strlen() on the statement string.

If you want to know whether the statement should return a result set, you can use mysql_field_count() to check for this. See Section 20.8.3.22, “mysql_field_count().

Return Values

Zero if the statement was successful. Nonzero if an error occurred.

Errors

20.8.3.55. mysql_refresh()

int mysql_refresh(MYSQL *mysql, unsigned int options)

Description

This function flushes tables or caches, or resets replication server information. The connected user must have the RELOAD privilege.

The options argument is a bit mask composed from any combination of the following values. Multiple values can be OR'ed together to perform multiple operations with a single call.

  • REFRESH_GRANT

    Refresh the grant tables, like FLUSH PRIVILEGES.

  • REFRESH_LOG

    Flush the logs, like FLUSH LOGS.

  • REFRESH_TABLES

    Flush the table cache, like FLUSH TABLES.

  • REFRESH_HOSTS

    Flush the host cache, like FLUSH HOSTS.

  • REFRESH_STATUS

    Reset status variables, like FLUSH STATUS.

  • REFRESH_THREADS

    Flush the thread cache.

  • REFRESH_SLAVE

    On a slave replication server, reset the master server information and restart the slave, like RESET SLAVE.

  • REFRESH_MASTER

    On a master replication server, remove the binary log files listed in the binary log index and truncate the index file, like RESET MASTER.

Return Values

Zero for success. Nonzero if an error occurred.

Errors

20.8.3.56. mysql_reload()

int mysql_reload(MYSQL *mysql)

Description

Asks the MySQL server to reload the grant tables. The connected user must have the RELOAD privilege.

This function is deprecated. It is preferable to use mysql_query() to issue an SQL FLUSH PRIVILEGES statement instead.

Return Values

Zero for success. Nonzero if an error occurred.

Errors

20.8.3.57. mysql_rollback()

my_bool mysql_rollback(MYSQL *mysql)

Description

Rolls back the current transaction.

As of MySQL 5.0.3, the action of this function is subject to the value of the completion_type system variable. In particular, if the value of completion_type is 2, the server performs a release after terminating a transaction and closes the client connection. The client program should call mysql_close() to close the connection from the client side.

Return Values

Zero if successful. Nonzero if an error occurred.

Errors

None.

20.8.3.58. mysql_row_seek()

MYSQL_ROW_OFFSET mysql_row_seek(MYSQL_RES *result, MYSQL_ROW_OFFSET offset)

Description

Sets the row cursor to an arbitrary row in a query result set. The offset value is a row offset that should be a value returned from mysql_row_tell() or from mysql_row_seek(). This value is not a row number; if you want to seek to a row within a result set by number, use mysql_data_seek() instead.

This function requires that the result set structure contains the entire result of the query, so mysql_row_seek() may be used only in conjunction with mysql_store_result(), not with mysql_use_result().

Return Values

The previous value of the row cursor. This value may be passed to a subsequent call to mysql_row_seek().

Errors

None.

20.8.3.59. mysql_row_tell()

MYSQL_ROW_OFFSET mysql_row_tell(MYSQL_RES *result)

Description

Returns the current position of the row cursor for the last mysql_fetch_row(). This value can be used as an argument to mysql_row_seek().

You should use mysql_row_tell() only after mysql_store_result(), not after mysql_use_result().

Return Values

The current offset of the row cursor.

Errors

None.

20.8.3.60. mysql_select_db()

int mysql_select_db(MYSQL *mysql, const char *db)

Description

Causes the database specified by db to become the default (current) database on the connection specified by mysql. In subsequent queries, this database is the default for table references that do not include an explicit database specifier.

mysql_select_db() fails unless the connected user can be authenticated as having permission to use the database.

Return Values

Zero for success. Nonzero if an error occurred.

Errors

20.8.3.61. mysql_set_character_set()

int mysql_set_character_set(MYSQL *mysql, const char *csname)

Description

This function is used to set the default character set for the current connection. The string csname specifies a valid character set name. The connection collation becomes the default collation of the character set. This function works like the SET NAMES statement, but also sets the value of mysql->charset, and thus affects the character set used by mysql_real_escape_string()

This function was added in MySQL 5.0.7.

Return Values

Zero for success. Nonzero if an error occurred.

Example

MYSQL mysql;

mysql_init(&mysql);
if (!mysql_real_connect(&mysql,"host","user","passwd","database",0,NULL,0))
{
    fprintf(stderr, "Failed to connect to database: Error: %s\n",
          mysql_error(&mysql));
}

if (!mysql_set_character_set(&mysql, "utf8"))
{
    printf("New client character set: %s\n",
           mysql_character_set_name(&mysql));
}

20.8.3.62. mysql_set_local_infile_default()

void mysql_set_local_infile_default(MYSQL *mysql);

Description

Sets the LOAD LOCAL DATA INFILE handler callback functions to the defaults used internally by the C client library. The library calls this function automatically if mysql_set_local_infile_handler() has not been called or does not supply valid functions for each of its callbacks.

Return Values

None.

Errors

None.

20.8.3.63. mysql_set_local_infile_handler()

void mysql_set_local_infile_handler(MYSQL *mysql, int (*local_infile_init)(void **, const char *, void *), int (*local_infile_read)(void *, char *, unsigned int), void (*local_infile_end)(void *), int (*local_infile_error)(void *, char*, unsigned int), void *userdata);

Description

This function installs callbacks to be used during the execution of LOAD DATA LOCAL INFILE statements. It enables application programs to exert control over local (client-side) data file reading. The arguments are the connection handler, a set of pointers to callback functions, and a pointer to a data area that the callbacks can use to share information.

To use mysql_set_local_infile_handler(), you must write the following callback functions:

int
local_infile_init(void **ptr, const char *filename, void *userdata);

The initialization function. This is called once to do any setup necessary, open the data file, allocate data structures, and so forth. The first void** argument is a pointer to a pointer. You can set the pointer (that is, *ptr) to a value that will be passed to each of the other callbacks (as a void*). The callbacks can use this pointed-to value to maintain state information. The userdata argument is the same value that is passed to mysql_set_local_infile_handler().

The initialization function should return zero for success, nonzero for an error.

int
local_infile_read(void *ptr, char *buf, unsigned int buf_len);

The data-reading function. This is called repeatedly to read the data file. buf points to the buffer where the read data should be stored, and buf_len is the maximum number of bytes that the callback can read and store in the buffer. (It can read fewer bytes, but should not read more.)

The return value is the number of bytes read, or zero when no more data could be read (this indicates EOF). Return a value less than zero if an error occurs.

void
local_infile_end(void *ptr)

The termination function. This is called once after local_infile_read() has returned zero (EOF) or an error. This function should deallocate any memory allocated by local_infile_init() and perform any other cleanup necessary. It is invoked even if the initalization function returns an error.

int
local_infile_error(void *ptr,
                   char *error_msg,
                   unsigned int error_msg_len);

The error-handling function. This is called to get a textual error message to return to the user in case any of your other functions returns an error. error_msg points to the buffer into which the message should be written, and error_msg_len is the length of the buffer. The message should be written as a null-terminated string, so the message can be at most error_msg_len–1 bytes long.

The return value is the error number.

Typically, the other callbacks store the error message in the data structure pointed to by ptr, so that local_infile_error() can copy the message from there into error_msg.

After calling mysql_set_local_infile_handler() in your C code and passing pointers to your callback functions, you can then issue a LOAD DATA LOCAL INFILE statement (for example, by using mysql_query()). The client library automatically invokes your callbacks. The file name specified in LOAD DATA LOCAL INFILE will be passed as the second parameter to the local_infile_init() callback.

Return Values

None.

Errors

None.

20.8.3.64. mysql_set_server_option()

int mysql_set_server_option(MYSQL *mysql, enum enum_mysql_set_option option)

Description

Enables or disables an option for the connection. option can have one of the following values.

MYSQL_OPTION_MULTI_STATEMENTS_ONEnable multiple-statement support
MYSQL_OPTION_MULTI_STATEMENTS_OFFDisable multiple-statement support

If you enable multiple-statement support, you should retrieve results from calls to mysql_query() or mysql_real_query() by using a loop that calls mysql_next_result() to determine whether there are more results. For an example, see Section 20.8.12, “C API Support for Multiple Statement Execution”.

Enabling multiple-statement support with MYSQL_OPTION_MULTI_STATEMENTS_ON does not have quite the same effect as enabling it by passing the CLIENT_MULTI_STATEMENTS flag to mysql_real_connect(): CLIENT_MULTI_STATEMENTS also enables CLIENT_MULTI_RESULTS. If you are using the CALL SQL statement in your programs, multiple-result support must be enabled; this means that MYSQL_OPTION_MULTI_STATEMENTS_ON by itself is insufficient to allow the use of CALL.

Return Values

Zero for success. Nonzero if an error occurred.

Errors

20.8.3.65. mysql_shutdown()

int mysql_shutdown(MYSQL *mysql, enum mysql_enum_shutdown_level shutdown_level)

Description

Asks the database server to shut down. The connected user must have the SHUTDOWN privilege. The shutdown_level argument was added in MySQL 5.0.1. MySQL 5.0 servers support only one type of shutdown; shutdown_level must be equal to SHUTDOWN_DEFAULT. Additional shutdown levels are planned to make it possible to choose the desired level. Dynamically linked executables which have been compiled with older versions of the libmysqlclient headers and call mysql_shutdown() need to be used with the old libmysqlclient dynamic library.

The shutdown process is described in Section 5.1.10, “The Shutdown Process”.

Return Values

Zero for success. Nonzero if an error occurred.

Errors

20.8.3.66. mysql_sqlstate()

const char *mysql_sqlstate(MYSQL *mysql)

Description

Returns a null-terminated string containing the SQLSTATE error code for the most recently executed SQL statement. The error code consists of five characters. '00000' means “no error.” The values are specified by ANSI SQL and ODBC. For a list of possible values, see Appendix B, Errors, Error Codes, and Common Problems.

SQLSTATE values returned by mysql_sqlstate() differ from MySQL-specific error numbers returned by mysql_errno(). For example, the mysql client program displays errors using the following format, where 1146 is the mysql_errno() value and '42S02' is the corresponding mysql_sqlstate() value:

shell> SELECT * FROM no_such_table;
ERROR 1146 (42S02): Table 'test.no_such_table' doesn't exist

Not all MySQL error numbers are mapped to SQLSTATE error codes. The value 'HY000' (general error) is used for unmapped error numbers.

If you call mysql_sqlstate() after mysql_real_connect() fails, mysql_sqlstate() might not return a useful value. For example, this happens if a host is blocked by the server and the connection is closed without any SQLSTATE value being sent to the client.

Return Values

A null-terminated character string containing the SQLSTATE error code.

See Also

See Section 20.8.3.14, “mysql_errno(), Section 20.8.3.15, “mysql_error(), and Section 20.8.7.26, “mysql_stmt_sqlstate().

20.8.3.67. mysql_ssl_set()

my_bool mysql_ssl_set(MYSQL *mysql, const char *key, const char *cert, const char *ca, const char *capath, const char *cipher)

Description

mysql_ssl_set() is used for establishing secure connections using SSL. It must be called before mysql_real_connect().

mysql_ssl_set() does nothing unless SSL support is enabled in the client library.

mysql is the connection handler returned from mysql_init(). The other parameters are specified as follows:

  • key is the path name to the key file.

  • cert is the path name to the certificate file.

  • ca is the path name to the certificate authority file.

  • capath is the path name to a directory that contains trusted SSL CA certificates in pem format.

  • cipher is a list of allowable ciphers to use for SSL encryption.

Any unused SSL parameters may be given as NULL.

Return Values

This function always returns 0. If SSL setup is incorrect, mysql_real_connect() returns an error when you attempt to connect.

20.8.3.68. mysql_stat()

const char *mysql_stat(MYSQL *mysql)

Description

Returns a character string containing information similar to that provided by the mysqladmin status command. This includes uptime in seconds and the number of running threads, questions, reloads, and open tables.

Return Values

A character string describing the server status. NULL if an error occurred.

Errors

20.8.3.69. mysql_store_result()

MYSQL_RES *mysql_store_result(MYSQL *mysql)

Description

After invoking mysql_query() or mysql_real_query(), you must call mysql_store_result() or mysql_use_result() for every statement that successfully produces a result set (SELECT, SHOW, DESCRIBE, EXPLAIN, CHECK TABLE, and so forth). You must also call mysql_free_result() after you are done with the result set.

You don't have to call mysql_store_result() or mysql_use_result() for other statements, but it does not do any harm or cause any notable performance degradation if you call mysql_store_result() in all cases. You can detect whether the statement has a result set by checking whether mysql_store_result() returns a nonzero value (more about this later on).

If you enable multiple-statement support, you should retrieve results from calls to mysql_query() or mysql_real_query() by using a loop that calls mysql_next_result() to determine whether there are more results. For an example, see Section 20.8.12, “C API Support for Multiple Statement Execution”.

If you want to know whether a statement should return a result set, you can use mysql_field_count() to check for this. See Section 20.8.3.22, “mysql_field_count().

mysql_store_result() reads the entire result of a query to the client, allocates a MYSQL_RES structure, and places the result into this structure.

mysql_store_result() returns a null pointer if the statement didn't return a result set (for example, if it was an INSERT statement).

mysql_store_result() also returns a null pointer if reading of the result set failed. You can check whether an error occurred by checking whether mysql_error() returns a nonempty string, mysql_errno() returns nonzero, or mysql_field_count() returns zero.

An empty result set is returned if there are no rows returned. (An empty result set differs from a null pointer as a return value.)

After you have called mysql_store_result() and gotten back a result that isn't a null pointer, you can call mysql_num_rows() to find out how many rows are in the result set.

You can call mysql_fetch_row() to fetch rows from the result set, or mysql_row_seek() and mysql_row_tell() to obtain or set the current row position within the result set.

See Section 20.8.10.1, “Why mysql_store_result() Sometimes Returns NULL After mysql_query() Returns Success”.

Return Values

A MYSQL_RES result structure with the results. NULL (0) if an error occurred.

Errors

mysql_store_result() resets mysql_error() and mysql_errno() if it succeeds.

20.8.3.70. mysql_thread_id()

unsigned long mysql_thread_id(MYSQL *mysql)

Description

Returns the thread ID of the current connection. This value can be used as an argument to mysql_kill() to kill the thread.

If the connection is lost and you reconnect with mysql_ping(), the thread ID changes. This means you should not get the thread ID and store it for later. You should get it when you need it.

Return Values

The thread ID of the current connection.

Errors

None.

20.8.3.71. mysql_use_result()

MYSQL_RES *mysql_use_result(MYSQL *mysql)

Description

After invoking mysql_query() or mysql_real_query(), you must call mysql_store_result() or mysql_use_result() for every statement that successfully produces a result set (SELECT, SHOW, DESCRIBE, EXPLAIN, CHECK TABLE, and so forth). You must also call mysql_free_result() after you are done with the result set.

mysql_use_result() initiates a result set retrieval but does not actually read the result set into the client like mysql_store_result() does. Instead, each row must be retrieved individually by making calls to mysql_fetch_row(). This reads the result of a query directly from the server without storing it in a temporary table or local buffer, which is somewhat faster and uses much less memory than mysql_store_result(). The client allocates memory only for the current row and a communication buffer that may grow up to max_allowed_packet bytes.

On the other hand, you shouldn't use mysql_use_result() if you are doing a lot of processing for each row on the client side, or if the output is sent to a screen on which the user may type a ^S (stop scroll). This ties up the server and prevent other threads from updating any tables from which the data is being fetched.

When using mysql_use_result(), you must execute mysql_fetch_row() until a NULL value is returned, otherwise, the unfetched rows are returned as part of the result set for your next query. The C API gives the error Commands out of sync; you can't run this command now if you forget to do this!

You may not use mysql_data_seek(), mysql_row_seek(), mysql_row_tell(), mysql_num_rows(), or mysql_affected_rows() with a result returned from mysql_use_result(), nor may you issue other queries until mysql_use_result() has finished. (However, after you have fetched all the rows, mysql_num_rows() accurately returns the number of rows fetched.)

You must call mysql_free_result() once you are done with the result set.

When using the libmysqld embedded server, the memory benefits are essentially lost because memory usage incrementally increases with each row retrieved until mysql_free_result() is called.

Return Values

A MYSQL_RES result structure. NULL if an error occurred.

Errors

mysql_use_result() resets mysql_error() and mysql_errno() if it succeeds.

20.8.3.72. mysql_warning_count()

unsigned int mysql_warning_count(MYSQL *mysql)

Description

Returns the number of warnings generated during execution of the previous SQL statement.

Return Values

The warning count.

Errors

None.

20.8.4. C API Prepared Statements

The MySQL client/server protocol provides for the use of prepared statements. This capability uses the MYSQL_STMT statement handler data structure returned by the mysql_stmt_init() initialization function. Prepared execution is an efficient way to execute a statement more than once. The statement is first parsed to prepare it for execution. Then it is executed one or more times at a later time, using the statement handle returned by the initialization function.

Prepared execution is faster than direct execution for statements executed more than once, primarily because the query is parsed only once. In the case of direct execution, the query is parsed every time it is executed. Prepared execution also can provide a reduction of network traffic because for each execution of the prepared statement, it is necessary only to send the data for the parameters.

Prepared statements might not provide a performance increase in some situations. For best results, test your application both with prepared and nonprepared statements and choose whichever yields best performance.

Another advantage of prepared statements is that it uses a binary protocol that makes data transfer between client and server more efficient.

The following SQL statements can be used as prepared statements: CALL, CREATE TABLE, DELETE, DO, INSERT, REPLACE, SELECT, SET, UPDATE, and most SHOW statements. Other statements are not supported in MySQL 5.0.

MySQL Enterprise MySQL Enterprise subscribers will find more information about using prepared statements in the Knowledge Base article, How can I create server-side prepared statements?. Access to the MySQL Knowledge Base collection of articles is one of the advantages of subscribing to MySQL Enterprise. For more information, see http://www.mysql.com/products/enterprise/advisors.html.

20.8.5. C API Prepared Statement Data types

Prepared statements use several data structures:

  • To prepare a statement, pass the MYSQL connection handler along with the statement string to mysql_stmt_init(), which returns a pointer to a MYSQL_STMT data structure.

  • To provide input parameters for a prepared statement, set up MYSQL_BIND structures and pass them to mysql_stmt_bind_param(). To receive output column values, set up MYSQL_BIND structures and pass them to mysql_stmt_bind_result().

  • The MYSQL_TIME structure is used to transfer temporal data in both directions.

The following discussion describes the prepared statement data types in detail.

  • MYSQL_STMT

    This structure represents a prepared statement. A statement is created by calling mysql_stmt_init(), which returns a statement handle (that is, a pointer to a MYSQL_STMT). The handle is used for all subsequent operations with the statement until you close it with mysql_stmt_close(), at which point the handle becomes invalid.

    The MYSQL_STMT structure has no members that are intended for application use. Also, you should not try to make a copy of a MYSQL_STMT structure. There is no guarantee that such a copy will be usable.

    Multiple statement handles can be associated with a single connection. The limit on the number of handles depends on the available system resources.

  • MYSQL_BIND

    This structure is used both for statement input (data values sent to the server) and output (result values returned from the server):

    To use a MYSQL_BIND structure, you should zero its contents to initialize it, and then set its members appropriately. For example, to declare and initialize an array of three MYSQL_BIND structures, use this code:

    MYSQL_BIND bind[3];
    memset(bind, 0, sizeof(bind));
    

    The MYSQL_BIND structure contains the following members for use by application programs. For several of the members, the manner of use depends on whether the structure is used for input or output.

    • enum enum_field_types buffer_type

      The type of the buffer. This member indicates the data type of the C language variable that you are binding to the statement parameter. The allowable buffer_type values are listed later in this section. For input, buffer_type indicates the type of the variable containing the value that you will send to the server. For output, it indicates the type of the variable into which you want a value received from the server to be stored.

    • void *buffer

      A pointer to the buffer to be used for data transfer. This is the address of a variable.

      For input, buffer is a pointer to the variable in which a statement parameter's data value is stored. When you call mysql_stmt_execute(), MySQL takes the value that you have stored in the variable and uses it in place of the corresponding parameter marker in the statement.

      For output, buffer is a pointer to the variable in which to return a result set column value. When you call mysql_stmt_fetch(), MySQL returns a column value and stores it in this variable. You can access the value when the call returns.

      To minimize the need for MySQL to perform type conversions between C language values on the client side and SQL values on the server side, use variables that have types similar to those of the corresponding SQL values. For numeric data types, buffer should point to a variable of the proper numeric C type. (For char or integer variables, you should also indicate whether the variable has the unsigned attribute by setting the is_unsigned member, described later in this list.) For character (nonbinary) and binary string data types, buffer should point to a character buffer. For date and time data types, buffer should point to a MYSQL_TIME structure.

      See the notes about type conversions later in the section.

    • unsigned long buffer_length

      The actual size of *buffer in bytes. This indicates the maximum amount of data that can be stored in the buffer. For character and binary C data, the buffer_length value specifies the length of *buffer when used with mysql_stmt_bind_param() to specify input values, or the maximum number of output data bytes that can be fetched into the buffer when used with mysql_stmt_bind_result().

    • unsigned long *length

      A pointer to an unsigned long variable that indicates the actual number of bytes of data stored in *buffer. length is used for character or binary C data.

      For input parameter data binding, length points to an unsigned long variable that indicates the actual length of the parameter value stored in *buffer; this is used by mysql_stmt_execute().

      For output value binding, the return value of mysql_stmt_fetch() determines the interpretation of the length:

      • If mysql_stmt_fetch() returns 0, *length indicates the actual length of the parameter value.

      • If mysql_stmt_fetch() returns MYSQL_DATA_TRUNCATED, *length indicates the nontruncated length of the parameter value. In this case, the minimum of *length and buffer_length indicates the actual length of the value.

      length is ignored for numeric and temporal data types because the length of the data value is determined by the buffer_type value.

      If you need to be able to determine the length of a returned value before fetching it with mysql_stmt_fetch(), see Section 20.8.7.11, “mysql_stmt_fetch(), for some strategies.

    • my_bool *is_null

      This member points to a my_bool variable that is true if a value is NULL, false if it is not NULL. For input, set *is_null to true to indicate that you are passing a NULL value as a statement parameter.

      The reason that is_null is not a boolean scalar but is instead a pointer to a boolean scalar is to provide flexibility in how you specify NULL values:

      • If your data values are always NULL, use MYSQL_TYPE_NULL as the buffer_type value when you bind the column. The other members do not matter.

      • If your data values are always NOT NULL, set the other members appropriately for the variable you are binding, and set is_null = (my_bool*) 0.

      • In all other cases, set the other members appriopriately, and set is_null to the address of a my_bool variable. Set that variable's value to true or false appropriately between executions to indicate whether data values are NULL or NOT NULL, respectively.

      For output, the value pointed to by is_null is set to true after you fetch a row if the result set column value returned from the statement is NULL.

    • my_bool is_unsigned

      This member is used for C variables with data types that can be unsigned (char, short int, int, long long int). Set is_unsigned to true if the variable pointed to by buffer is unsigned and false otherwise. For example, if you bind a signed char variable to buffer, specify a type code of MYSQL_TYPE_TINY and set is_unsigned to false. If you bind an unsigned char instead, the type code is the same but is_unsigned should be true. (For char, it is not defined whether it is signed or unsigned, so it is best to be explicit about signedness by using signed char or unsigned char.)

      is_unsigned applies only to the C language variable on the client side. It indicates nothing about the signedness of the corresponding SQL value on the server side. For example, if you use an int variable to supply a value for a BIGINT UNSIGNED column, is_unsigned should be false because int is a signed type. If you use an unsigned int variable to supply a value for a BIGINT column, is_unsigned should be true because unsigned int is an unsigned type. MySQL performs the proper conversion between signed and unsigned values in both directions, although a warning occurs if truncation results.

    • my_bool *error

      For output, set this member to point to a my_bool variable to have truncation information for the parameter stored there after a row fetching operation. (Truncation reporting is enabled by default, but can be controlled by calling mysql_options() with the MYSQL_REPORT_DATA_TRUNCATION option.) When truncation reporting is enabled, mysql_stmt_fetch() returns MYSQL_DATA_TRUNCATED and *error is true in the MYSQL_BIND structures for parameters in which truncation occurred. Truncation indicates loss of sign or significant digits, or that a string was too long to fit in a column. The error member was added in MySQL 5.0.3.

  • MYSQL_TIME

    This structure is used to send and receive DATE, TIME, DATETIME, and TIMESTAMP data directly to and from the server. Set the buffer_type member of a MYSQL_BIND structure to one of the temporal types (MYSQL_TYPE_TIME, MYSQL_TYPE_DATE, MYSQL_TYPE_DATETIME, MYSQL_TYPE_TIMESTAMP), and set the buffer member to point to a MYSQL_TIME structure.

    The MYSQL_TIME structure contains the members listed in the following table.

    MemberDescription
    unsigned int yearThe year
    unsigned int monthThe month of the year
    unsigned int dayThe day of the month
    unsigned int hourThe hour of the day
    unsigned int minuteThe minute of the hour
    unsigned int secondThe second of the minute
    my_bool negA boolean flag to indicate whether the time is negative
    unsigned long second_partThe fractional part of the second in microseconds; currently unused

    Only those parts of a MYSQL_TIME structure that apply to a given type of temporal value are used. The year, month, and day elements are used for DATE, DATETIME, and TIMESTAMP values. The hour, minute, and second elements are used for TIME, DATETIME, and TIMESTAMP values. See Section 20.8.14, “C API Prepared Statement Handling of Date and Time Values”.

The following table shows the allowable values that may be specified in the buffer_type member of MYSQL_BIND structures for input values. The value should be chosen according to the data type of the C language variable that you are binding. If the variable is unsigned, you should also set the is_unsigned member to true. The table shows the C variable types that you can use, the corresponding type codes, and the SQL data types for which the supplied value can be used without conversion.

Input Variable C Typebuffer_type ValueSQL Type of Destination Value
signed charMYSQL_TYPE_TINYTINYINT
short intMYSQL_TYPE_SHORTSMALLINT
intMYSQL_TYPE_LONGINT
long long intMYSQL_TYPE_LONGLONGBIGINT
floatMYSQL_TYPE_FLOATFLOAT
doubleMYSQL_TYPE_DOUBLEDOUBLE
MYSQL_TIMEMYSQL_TYPE_TIMETIME
MYSQL_TIMEMYSQL_TYPE_DATEDATE
MYSQL_TIMEMYSQL_TYPE_DATETIMEDATETIME
MYSQL_TIMEMYSQL_TYPE_TIMESTAMPTIMESTAMP
char[]MYSQL_TYPE_STRING (for nonbinary data)TEXT, CHAR, VARCHAR
char[]MYSQL_TYPE_BLOB (for binary data)BLOB, BINARY, VARBINARY
 MYSQL_TYPE_NULLNULL

The use of MYSQL_TYPE_NULL is described earlier in connection with the is_null member.

The following table shows the allowable values that may be specified in the buffer_type member of MYSQL_BIND structures for output values. The value should be chosen according to the data type of the C language variable that you are binding. If the variable is unsigned, you should also set the is_unsigned member to true. The table shows the SQL types of received values, the corresponding type code that such values have in result set metadata, and the recommended C language data types to bind to the MYSQL_BIND structure to receive the SQL values without conversion.

If there is a mismatch between the C variable type on the client side and the corresponding SQL value on the server side, MySQL performs implicit type conversions in both directions.

SQL Type of Received Valuebuffer_type ValueOutput Variable C Type
TINYINTMYSQL_TYPE_TINYsigned char
SMALLINTMYSQL_TYPE_SHORTshort int
MEDIUMINTMYSQL_TYPE_INT24int
INTMYSQL_TYPE_LONGint
BIGINTMYSQL_TYPE_LONGLONGlong long int
FLOATMYSQL_TYPE_FLOATfloat
DOUBLEMYSQL_TYPE_DOUBLEdouble
DECIMALMYSQL_TYPE_NEWDECIMALchar[]
YEARMYSQL_TYPE_SHORTshort int
TIMEMYSQL_TYPE_TIMEMYSQL_TIME
DATEMYSQL_TYPE_DATEMYSQL_TIME
DATETIMEMYSQL_TYPE_DATETIMEMYSQL_TIME
TIMESTAMPMYSQL_TYPE_TIMESTAMPMYSQL_TIME
CHAR, BINARYMYSQL_TYPE_STRINGchar[]
VARCHAR, VARBINARYMYSQL_TYPE_VAR_STRINGchar[]
TINYBLOB, TINYTEXTMYSQL_TYPE_TINY_BLOBchar[]
BLOB, TEXTMYSQL_TYPE_BLOBchar[]
MEDIUMBLOB, MEDIUMTEXTMYSQL_TYPE_MEDIUM_BLOBchar[]
LONGBLOB, LONGTEXTMYSQL_TYPE_LONG_BLOBchar[]
BITMYSQL_TYPE_BITchar[]

MySQL knows the type code for the SQL value on the server side. The buffer_type value indicates the MySQL the type code of the C variable that holds the value on the client side. The two codes together tell MySQL what conversion must be performed, if any. Here are some examples:

  • If you use MYSQL_TYPE_LONG with an int variable to pass an integer value to the server that is to be stored into a FLOAT column, MySQL converts the value to floating-point format before storing it.

  • If you fetch an SQL MEDIUMINT column value, but specify a buffer_type value of MYSQL_TYPE_LONGLONG and use a C variable of type long long int as the destination buffer, MySQL will convert the MEDIUMINT value (which requires less than 8 bytes) for storage into the long long int (an 8-byte variable).

  • If you fetch a numeric column with a value of 255 into a char[4] character array and specify a buffer_type value of MYSQL_TYPE_STRING, the resulting value in the array will be a 4-byte string containing '255\0'.

  • DECIMAL values are returned as strings, which is why the corresponding C type is char[]. DECIMAL values returned by the server correspond to the string representation of the original server-side value. For example, 12.345 is returned to the client as '12.345'. If you specify MYSQL_TYPE_NEWDECIMAL and bind a string buffer to the MYSQL_BIND structure, mysql_stmt_fetch() stores the value in the buffer without conversion. If instead you specify a numeric variable and type code, mysql_stmt_fetch() converts the string-format DECIMAL value to numeric form.

  • For the MYSQL_TYPE_BIT type code, BIT values are returned into a string buffer (thus, the corresponding C type is char[] here, too). The value represents a bit string that requires interpretation on the client side. To return the value as a type that is easier to deal with, you can cause the value to be cast to integer using either of the following types of expressions:

    SELECT bit_col + 0 FROM t
    SELECT CAST(bit_col AS UNSIGNED) FROM t
    

    To retrieve the value, bind an integer variable large enough to hold the value and specify the appropriate corresponding integer type code.

Before binding variables to the MYSQL_BIND structures that are to be used for fetching column values, you can check the type codes for each column of the result set. This might be desirable if you want to determine which variable types would be best to use to avoid type conversions. To get the type codes, call mysql_stmt_result_metadata() after executing the prepared statement with mysql_stmt_execute(). The metadata provides access to the type codes for the result set as described in Section 20.8.7.22, “mysql_stmt_result_metadata(), and Section 20.8.1, “C API Data Types”.

If you cause the max_length member of the MYSQL_FIELD column metadata structures to be set (by calling mysql_stmt_attr_set()), be aware that the max_length values for the result set indicate the lengths of the longest string representation of the result values, not the lengths of the binary representation. That is, max_length does not necessarily correspond to the size of the buffers needed to fetch the values with the binary protocol used for prepared statements. The size of the buffers should be chosen according to the types of the variables into which you fetch the values.

For input character (nonbinary) string data (indicated by MYSQL_TYPE_STRING), the value is assumed to be in the character set indicated by the character_set_client system variable. If the value is stored into a column with a different character set, the appropriate conversion to that character set occurs. For input binary string data (indicated by MYSQL_TYPE_BLOB), the value is treated as having the binary character set; that is, it is treated as a byte string and no conversion occurs.

To determine whether output string values in a result set returned from the server contain binary or nonbinary data, check whether the charsetnr value of the result set metadata is 63 (see Section 20.8.1, “C API Data Types”). If so, the character set is binary, which indicates binary rather than nonbinary data. This enables you to distinguish BINARY from CHAR, VARBINARY from VARCHAR, and the BLOB types from the TEXT types.

20.8.6. C API Prepared Statement Function Overview

The functions available for prepared statement processing are summarized here and described in greater detail in a later section. See Section 20.8.7, “C API Prepared Statement Function Descriptions”.

FunctionDescription
mysql_stmt_affected_rows()Returns the number of rows changed, deleted, or inserted by prepared UPDATE, DELETE, or INSERT statement
mysql_stmt_attr_get()Get value of an attribute for a prepared statement
mysql_stmt_attr_set()Sets an attribute for a prepared statement
mysql_stmt_bind_param()Associates application data buffers with the parameter markers in a prepared SQL statement
mysql_stmt_bind_result()Associates application data buffers with columns in the result set
mysql_stmt_close()Frees memory used by prepared statement
mysql_stmt_data_seek()Seeks to an arbitrary row number in a statement result set
mysql_stmt_errno()Returns the error number for the last statement execution
mysql_stmt_error()Returns the error message for the last statement execution
mysql_stmt_execute()Executes the prepared statement
mysql_stmt_fetch()Fetches the next row of data from the result set and returns data for all bound columns
mysql_stmt_fetch_column()Fetch data for one column of the current row of the result set
mysql_stmt_field_count()Returns the number of result columns for the most recent statement
mysql_stmt_free_result()Free the resources allocated to the statement handle
mysql_stmt_init()Allocates memory for MYSQL_STMT structure and initializes it
mysql_stmt_insert_id()Returns the ID generated for an AUTO_INCREMENT column by prepared statement
mysql_stmt_num_rows()Returns total row count from the buffered statement result set
mysql_stmt_param_count()Returns the number of parameters in a prepared SQL statement
mysql_stmt_param_metadata()(Return parameter metadata in the form of a result set.) Currently, this function does nothing
mysql_stmt_prepare()Prepares an SQL string for execution
mysql_stmt_reset()Reset the statement buffers in the server
mysql_stmt_result_metadata()Returns prepared statement metadata in the form of a result set
mysql_stmt_row_seek()Seeks to a row offset in a statement result set, using value returned from mysql_stmt_row_tell()
mysql_stmt_row_tell()Returns the statement row cursor position
mysql_stmt_send_long_data()Sends long data in chunks to server
mysql_stmt_sqlstate()Returns the SQLSTATE error code for the last statement execution
mysql_stmt_store_result()Retrieves the complete result set to the client

Call mysql_stmt_init() to create a statement handle, then mysql_stmt_prepare() to prepare it, mysql_stmt_bind_param() to supply the parameter data, and mysql_stmt_execute() to execute the statement. You can repeat the mysql_stmt_execute() by changing parameter values in the respective buffers supplied through mysql_stmt_bind_param().

If the statement is a SELECT or any other statement that produces a result set, mysql_stmt_prepare() also returns the result set metadata information in the form of a MYSQL_RES result set through mysql_stmt_result_metadata().

You can supply the result buffers using mysql_stmt_bind_result(), so that the mysql_stmt_fetch() automatically returns data to these buffers. This is row-by-row fetching.

You can also send the text or binary data in chunks to server using mysql_stmt_send_long_data(). See Section 20.8.7.25, “mysql_stmt_send_long_data().

When statement execution has been completed, the statement handle must be closed using mysql_stmt_close() so that all resources associated with it can be freed.

If you obtained a SELECT statement's result set metadata by calling mysql_stmt_result_metadata(), you should also free the metadata using mysql_free_result().

Execution Steps

To prepare and execute a statement, an application follows these steps:

  1. Create a prepared statement handle with mysql_stmt_init(). To prepare the statement on the server, call mysql_stmt_prepare() and pass it a string containing the SQL statement.

  2. If the statement produces a result set, call mysql_stmt_result_metadata() to obtain the result set metadata. This metadata is itself in the form of result set, albeit a separate one from the one that contains the rows returned by the query. The metadata result set indicates how many columns are in the result and contains information about each column.

  3. Set the values of any parameters using mysql_stmt_bind_param(). All parameters must be set. Otherwise, statement execution returns an error or produces unexpected results.

  4. Call mysql_stmt_execute() to execute the statement.

  5. If the statement produces a result set, bind the data buffers to use for retrieving the row values by calling mysql_stmt_bind_result().

  6. Fetch the data into the buffers row by row by calling mysql_stmt_fetch() repeatedly until no more rows are found.

  7. Repeat steps 3 through 6 as necessary, by changing the parameter values and re-executing the statement.

When mysql_stmt_prepare() is called, the MySQL client/server protocol performs these actions:

  • The server parses the statement and sends the okay status back to the client by assigning a statement ID. It also sends total number of parameters, a column count, and its metadata if it is a result set oriented statement. All syntax and semantics of the statement are checked by the server during this call.

  • The client uses this statement ID for the further operations, so that the server can identify the statement from among its pool of statements.

When mysql_stmt_execute() is called, the MySQL client/server protocol performs these actions:

  • The client uses the statement handle and sends the parameter data to the server.

  • The server identifies the statement using the ID provided by the client, replaces the parameter markers with the newly supplied data, and executes the statement. If the statement produces a result set, the server sends the data back to the client. Otherwise, it sends an okay status and total number of rows changed, deleted, or inserted.

When mysql_stmt_fetch() is called, the MySQL client/server protocol performs these actions:

  • The client reads the data from the packet row by row and places it into the application data buffers by doing the necessary conversions. If the application buffer type is same as that of the field type returned from the server, the conversions are straightforward.

If an error occurs, you can get the statement error code, error message, and SQLSTATE value using mysql_stmt_errno(), mysql_stmt_error(), and mysql_stmt_sqlstate(), respectively.

Prepared Statement Logging

For prepared statements that are executed with the mysql_stmt_prepare() and mysql_stmt_execute() C API functions, the server writes Prepare and Execute lines to the general query log so that you can tell when statements are prepared and executed.

Suppose that you prepare and execute a statement as follows:

  1. Call mysql_stmt_prepare() to prepare the statement string "SELECT ?".

  2. Call mysql_stmt_bind_param() to bind the value 3 to the parameter in the prepared statement.

  3. Call mysql_stmt_execute() to execute the prepared statement.

As a result of the preceding calls, the server writes the following lines to the general query log:

Prepare  [1] SELECT ?
Execute  [1] SELECT 3

Each Prepare and Execute line in the log is tagged with a [N] statement identifier so that you can keep track of which prepared statement is being logged. N is a positive integer. If there are multiple prepared statements active simultaneously for the client, N may be greater than 1. Each Execute lines shows a prepared statement after substitution of data values for ? parameters.

20.8.7. C API Prepared Statement Function Descriptions

To prepare and execute queries, use the functions described in detail in the following sections.

All functions that operate with a MYSQL_STMT structure begin with the prefix mysql_stmt_.

To create a MYSQL_STMT handle, use the mysql_stmt_init() function.

20.8.7.1. mysql_stmt_affected_rows()

my_ulonglong mysql_stmt_affected_rows(MYSQL_STMT *stmt)

Description

Returns the total number of rows changed, deleted, or inserted by the last executed statement. May be called immediately after mysql_stmt_execute() for UPDATE, DELETE, or INSERT statements. For SELECT statements, mysql_stmt_affected_rows() works like mysql_num_rows().

Return Values

An integer greater than zero indicates the number of rows affected or retrieved. Zero indicates that no records were updated for an UPDATE statement, no rows matched the WHERE clause in the query, or that no query has yet been executed. -1 indicates that the query returned an error or that, for a SELECT query, mysql_stmt_affected_rows() was called prior to calling mysql_stmt_store_result(). Because mysql_stmt_affected_rows() returns an unsigned value, you can check for -1 by comparing the return value to (my_ulonglong)-1 (or to (my_ulonglong)~0, which is equivalent).

See Section 20.8.3.1, “mysql_affected_rows(), for additional information on the return value.

Errors

None.

Example

For the usage of mysql_stmt_affected_rows(), refer to the Example from Section 20.8.7.10, “mysql_stmt_execute().

20.8.7.2. mysql_stmt_attr_get()

my_bool mysql_stmt_attr_get(MYSQL_STMT *stmt, enum enum_stmt_attr_type option, void *arg)

Description

Can be used to get the current value for a statement attribute.

The option argument is the option that you want to get; the arg should point to a variable that should contain the option value. If the option is an integer, then arg should point to the value of the integer.

See Section 20.8.7.3, “mysql_stmt_attr_set(), for a list of options and option types.

Note

In MySQL 5.0, mysql_stmt_attr_get() uses unsigned int *, not my_bool *, for STMT_ATTR_UPDATE_MAX_LENGTH. This was corrected in MySQL 5.1.7.

Return Values

Zero if successful. Nonzero if option is unknown.

Errors

None.

20.8.7.3. mysql_stmt_attr_set()

my_bool mysql_stmt_attr_set(MYSQL_STMT *stmt, enum enum_stmt_attr_type option, const void *arg)

Description

Can be used to affect behavior for a prepared statement. This function may be called multiple times to set several options.

The option argument is the option that you want to set. The arg argument is the value for the option. arg should point to a variable that is set to the desired attribute value. The variable type is as indicated in the following table.

The following table shows the possible option values.

OptionArgument TypeFunction
STMT_ATTR_UPDATE_MAX_LENGTHmy_bool *If set to 1, causes mysql_stmt_store_result() to update the metadata MYSQL_FIELD->max_length value.
STMT_ATTR_CURSOR_TYPEunsigned long *Type of cursor to open for statement when mysql_stmt_execute() is invoked. *arg can be CURSOR_TYPE_NO_CURSOR (the default) or CURSOR_TYPE_READ_ONLY.
STMT_ATTR_PREFETCH_ROWSunsigned long *Number of rows to fetch from server at a time when using a cursor. *arg can be in the range from 1 to the maximum value of unsigned long. The default is 1.

Note

In MySQL 5.0, mysql_stmt_attr_get() uses unsigned int *, not my_bool *, for STMT_ATTR_UPDATE_MAX_LENGTH. This is corrected in MySQL 5.1.7.

If you use the STMT_ATTR_CURSOR_TYPE option with CURSOR_TYPE_READ_ONLY, a cursor is opened for the statement when you invoke mysql_stmt_execute(). If there is already an open cursor from a previous mysql_stmt_execute() call, it closes the cursor before opening a new one. mysql_stmt_reset() also closes any open cursor before preparing the statement for re-execution. mysql_stmt_free_result() closes any open cursor.

If you open a cursor for a prepared statement, mysql_stmt_store_result() is unnecessary, because that function causes the result set to be buffered on the client side.

The STMT_ATTR_CURSOR_TYPE option was added in MySQL 5.0.2. The STMT_ATTR_PREFETCH_ROWS option was added in MySQL 5.0.6.

Return Values

Zero if successful. Nonzero if option is unknown.

Errors

None.

Example

The following example opens a cursor for a prepared statement and sets the number of rows to fetch at a time to 5:

MYSQL_STMT *stmt;
int rc;
unsigned long type;
unsigned long prefetch_rows = 5;

stmt = mysql_stmt_init(mysql);
type = (unsigned long) CURSOR_TYPE_READ_ONLY;
rc = mysql_stmt_attr_set(stmt, STMT_ATTR_CURSOR_TYPE, (void*) &type);
/* ... check return value ... */
rc = mysql_stmt_attr_set(stmt, STMT_ATTR_PREFETCH_ROWS,
                         (void*) &prefetch_rows);
/* ... check return value ... */

20.8.7.4. mysql_stmt_bind_param()

my_bool mysql_stmt_bind_param(MYSQL_STMT *stmt, MYSQL_BIND *bind)

Description

mysql_stmt_bind_param() is used to bind input data for the parameter markers in the SQL statement that was passed to mysql_stmt_prepare(). It uses MYSQL_BIND structures to supply the data. bind is the address of an array of MYSQL_BIND structures. The client library expects the array to contain one element for each “?” parameter marker that is present in the query.

Suppose that you prepare the following statement:

INSERT INTO mytbl VALUES(?,?,?)

When you bind the parameters, the array of MYSQL_BIND structures must contain three elements, and can be declared like this:

MYSQL_BIND bind[3];

Section 20.8.5, “C API Prepared Statement Data types”, describes the members of each MYSQL_BIND element and how they should be set to provide input values.

Return Values

Zero if the bind operation was successful. Nonzero if an error occurred.

Errors

Example

For the usage of mysql_stmt_bind_param(), refer to the Example from Section 20.8.7.10, “mysql_stmt_execute().

20.8.7.5. mysql_stmt_bind_result()

my_bool mysql_stmt_bind_result(MYSQL_STMT *stmt, MYSQL_BIND *bind)

Description

mysql_stmt_bind_result() is used to associate (that is, bind) output columns in the result set to data buffers and length buffers. When mysql_stmt_fetch() is called to fetch data, the MySQL client/server protocol places the data for the bound columns into the specified buffers.

All columns must be bound to buffers prior to calling mysql_stmt_fetch(). bind is the address of an array of MYSQL_BIND structures. The client library expects the array to contain one element for each column of the result set. If you do not bind columns to MYSQL_BIND structures, mysql_stmt_fetch() simply ignores the data fetch. The buffers should be large enough to hold the data values, because the protocol doesn't return data values in chunks.

A column can be bound or rebound at any time, even after a result set has been partially retrieved. The new binding takes effect the next time mysql_stmt_fetch() is called. Suppose that an application binds the columns in a result set and calls mysql_stmt_fetch(). The client/server protocol returns data in the bound buffers. Then suppose that the application binds the columns to a different set of buffers. The protocol places data into the newly bound buffers when the next call to mysql_stmt_fetch() occurs.

To bind a column, an application calls mysql_stmt_bind_result() and passes the type, address, and length of the output buffer into which the value should be stored. Section 20.8.5, “C API Prepared Statement Data types”, describes the members of each MYSQL_BIND element and how they should be set to receive output values.

Return Values

Zero if the bind operation was successful. Nonzero if an error occurred.

Errors

Example

For the usage of mysql_stmt_bind_result(), refer to the Example from Section 20.8.7.11, “mysql_stmt_fetch().

20.8.7.6. mysql_stmt_close()

my_bool mysql_stmt_close(MYSQL_STMT *)

Description

Closes the prepared statement. mysql_stmt_close() also deallocates the statement handle pointed to by stmt.

If the current statement has pending or unread results, this function cancels them so that the next query can be executed.

Return Values

Zero if the statement was freed successfully. Nonzero if an error occurred.

Errors

Example

For the usage of mysql_stmt_close(), refer to the Example from Section 20.8.7.10, “mysql_stmt_execute().

20.8.7.7. mysql_stmt_data_seek()

void mysql_stmt_data_seek(MYSQL_STMT *stmt, my_ulonglong offset)

Description

Seeks to an arbitrary row in a statement result set. The offset value is a row number and should be in the range from 0 to mysql_stmt_num_rows(stmt)-1.

This function requires that the statement result set structure contains the entire result of the last executed query, so mysql_stmt_data_seek() may be used only in conjunction with mysql_stmt_store_result().

Return Values

None.

Errors

None.

20.8.7.8. mysql_stmt_errno()

unsigned int mysql_stmt_errno(MYSQL_STMT *stmt)

Description

For the statement specified by stmt, mysql_stmt_errno() returns the error code for the most recently invoked statement API function that can succeed or fail. A return value of zero means that no error occurred. Client error message numbers are listed in the MySQL errmsg.h header file. Server error message numbers are listed in mysqld_error.h. Errors also are listed at Appendix B, Errors, Error Codes, and Common Problems.

Return Values

An error code value. Zero if no error occurred.

Errors

None.

20.8.7.9. mysql_stmt_error()

const char *mysql_stmt_error(MYSQL_STMT *stmt)

Description

For the statement specified by stmt, mysql_stmt_error() returns a null-terminated string containing the error message for the most recently invoked statement API function that can succeed or fail. An empty string ("") is returned if no error occurred. This means the following two tests are equivalent:

if(*mysql_stmt_errno(stmt))
{
  // an error occurred
}

if (mysql_stmt_error(stmt)[0])
{
  // an error occurred
}

The language of the client error messages may be changed by recompiling the MySQL client library. Currently, you can choose error messages in several different languages.

Return Values

A character string that describes the error. An empty string if no error occurred.

Errors

None.

20.8.7.10. mysql_stmt_execute()

int mysql_stmt_execute(MYSQL_STMT *stmt)

Description

mysql_stmt_execute() executes the prepared query associated with the statement handle. The currently bound parameter marker values are sent to server during this call, and the server replaces the markers with this newly supplied data.

If the statement is an UPDATE, DELETE, or INSERT, the total number of changed, deleted, or inserted rows can be found by calling mysql_stmt_affected_rows(). If this is a statement such as SELECT that generates a result set, you must call mysql_stmt_fetch() to fetch the data prior to calling any other functions that result in query processing. For more information on how to fetch the results, refer to Section 20.8.7.11, “mysql_stmt_fetch().

For statements that generate a result set, you can request that mysql_stmt_execute() open a cursor for the statement by calling mysql_stmt_attr_set() before executing the statement. If you execute a statement multiple times, mysql_stmt_execute() closes any open cursor before opening a new one.

Return Values

Zero if execution was successful. Nonzero if an error occurred.

Errors

Example

The following example demonstrates how to create and populate a table using mysql_stmt_init(), mysql_stmt_prepare(), mysql_stmt_param_count(), mysql_stmt_bind_param(), mysql_stmt_execute(), and mysql_stmt_affected_rows(). The mysql variable is assumed to be a valid connection handle.

#define STRING_SIZE 50

#define DROP_SAMPLE_TABLE "DROP TABLE IF EXISTS test_table"
#define CREATE_SAMPLE_TABLE "CREATE TABLE test_table(col1 INT,\
                                                 col2 VARCHAR(40),\
                                                 col3 SMALLINT,\
                                                 col4 TIMESTAMP)"
#define INSERT_SAMPLE "INSERT INTO \
                       test_table(col1,col2,col3) \
                       VALUES(?,?,?)"

MYSQL_STMT    *stmt;
MYSQL_BIND    bind[3];
my_ulonglong  affected_rows;
int           param_count;
short         small_data;
int           int_data;
char          str_data[STRING_SIZE];
unsigned long str_length;
my_bool       is_null;

if (mysql_query(mysql, DROP_SAMPLE_TABLE))
{
  fprintf(stderr, " DROP TABLE failed\n");
  fprintf(stderr, " %s\n", mysql_error(mysql));
  exit(0);
}

if (mysql_query(mysql, CREATE_SAMPLE_TABLE))
{
  fprintf(stderr, " CREATE TABLE failed\n");
  fprintf(stderr, " %s\n", mysql_error(mysql));
  exit(0);
}

/* Prepare an INSERT query with 3 parameters */
/* (the TIMESTAMP column is not named; the server */
/*  sets it to the current date and time) */
stmt = mysql_stmt_init(mysql);
if (!stmt)
{
  fprintf(stderr, " mysql_stmt_init(), out of memory\n");
  exit(0);
}
if (mysql_stmt_prepare(stmt, INSERT_SAMPLE, strlen(INSERT_SAMPLE)))
{
  fprintf(stderr, " mysql_stmt_prepare(), INSERT failed\n");
  fprintf(stderr, " %s\n", mysql_stmt_error(stmt));
  exit(0);
}
fprintf(stdout, " prepare, INSERT successful\n");

/* Get the parameter count from the statement */
param_count= mysql_stmt_param_count(stmt);
fprintf(stdout, " total parameters in INSERT: %d\n", param_count);

if (param_count != 3) /* validate parameter count */
{
  fprintf(stderr, " invalid parameter count returned by MySQL\n");
  exit(0);
}

/* Bind the data for all 3 parameters */

memset(bind, 0, sizeof(bind));

/* INTEGER PARAM */
/* This is a number type, so there is no need
   to specify buffer_length */
bind[0].buffer_type= MYSQL_TYPE_LONG;
bind[0].buffer= (char *)&int_data;
bind[0].is_null= 0;
bind[0].length= 0;

/* STRING PARAM */
bind[1].buffer_type= MYSQL_TYPE_STRING;
bind[1].buffer= (char *)str_data;
bind[1].buffer_length= STRING_SIZE;
bind[1].is_null= 0;
bind[1].length= &str_length;

/* SMALLINT PARAM */
bind[2].buffer_type= MYSQL_TYPE_SHORT;
bind[2].buffer= (char *)&small_data;
bind[2].is_null= &is_null;
bind[2].length= 0;

/* Bind the buffers */
if (mysql_stmt_bind_param(stmt, bind))
{
  fprintf(stderr, " mysql_stmt_bind_param() failed\n");
  fprintf(stderr, " %s\n", mysql_stmt_error(stmt));
  exit(0);
}

/* Specify the data values for the first row */
int_data= 10;             /* integer */
strncpy(str_data, "MySQL", STRING_SIZE); /* string  */
str_length= strlen(str_data);

/* INSERT SMALLINT data as NULL */
is_null= 1;

/* Execute the INSERT statement - 1*/
if (mysql_stmt_execute(stmt))
{
  fprintf(stderr, " mysql_stmt_execute(), 1 failed\n");
  fprintf(stderr, " %s\n", mysql_stmt_error(stmt));
  exit(0);
}

/* Get the total number of affected rows */
affected_rows= mysql_stmt_affected_rows(stmt);
fprintf(stdout, " total affected rows(insert 1): %lu\n",
                (unsigned long) affected_rows);

if (affected_rows != 1) /* validate affected rows */
{
  fprintf(stderr, " invalid affected rows by MySQL\n");
  exit(0);
}

/* Specify data values for second row,
   then re-execute the statement */
int_data= 1000;
strncpy(str_data, "
        The most popular Open Source database",
        STRING_SIZE);
str_length= strlen(str_data);
small_data= 1000;         /* smallint */
is_null= 0;               /* reset */

/* Execute the INSERT statement - 2*/
if (mysql_stmt_execute(stmt))
{
  fprintf(stderr, " mysql_stmt_execute, 2 failed\n");
  fprintf(stderr, " %s\n", mysql_stmt_error(stmt));
  exit(0);
}

/* Get the total rows affected */
affected_rows= mysql_stmt_affected_rows(stmt);
fprintf(stdout, " total affected rows(insert 2): %lu\n",
                (unsigned long) affected_rows);

if (affected_rows != 1) /* validate affected rows */
{
  fprintf(stderr, " invalid affected rows by MySQL\n");
  exit(0);
}

/* Close the statement */
if (mysql_stmt_close(stmt))
{
  fprintf(stderr, " failed while closing the statement\n");
  fprintf(stderr, " %s\n", mysql_stmt_error(stmt));
  exit(0);
}

Note

For complete examples on the use of prepared statement functions, refer to the file tests/mysql_client_test.c. This file can be obtained from a MySQL source distribution or from the Bazaar source repository.

20.8.7.11. mysql_stmt_fetch()

int mysql_stmt_fetch(MYSQL_STMT *stmt)

Description

mysql_stmt_fetch() returns the next row in the result set. It can be called only while the result set exists; that is, after a call to mysql_stmt_execute() for a statement such as SELECT that creates a result set.

mysql_stmt_fetch() returns row data using the buffers bound by mysql_stmt_bind_result(). It returns the data in those buffers for all the columns in the current row set and the lengths are returned to the length pointer. All columns must be bound by the application before it calls mysql_stmt_fetch().

By default, result sets are fetched unbuffered a row at a time from the server. To buffer the entire result set on the client, call mysql_stmt_store_result() after binding the data buffers and before caling mysql_stmt_fetch().

If a fetched data value is a NULL value, the *is_null value of the corresponding MYSQL_BIND structure contains TRUE (1). Otherwise, the data and its length are returned in the *buffer and *length elements based on the buffer type specified by the application. Each numeric and temporal type has a fixed length, as listed in the following table. The length of the string types depends on the length of the actual data value, as indicated by data_length.

TypeLength
MYSQL_TYPE_TINY1
MYSQL_TYPE_SHORT2
MYSQL_TYPE_LONG4
MYSQL_TYPE_LONGLONG8
MYSQL_TYPE_FLOAT4
MYSQL_TYPE_DOUBLE8
MYSQL_TYPE_TIMEsizeof(MYSQL_TIME)
MYSQL_TYPE_DATEsizeof(MYSQL_TIME)
MYSQL_TYPE_DATETIMEsizeof(MYSQL_TIME)
MYSQL_TYPE_STRINGdata length
MYSQL_TYPE_BLOBdata_length

Return Values

Return ValueDescription
0Successful, the data has been fetched to application data buffers.
1Error occurred. Error code and message can be obtained by calling mysql_stmt_errno() and mysql_stmt_error().
MYSQL_NO_DATANo more rows/data exists
MYSQL_DATA_TRUNCATEDData truncation occurred

MYSQL_DATA_TRUNCATED is returned when truncation reporting is enabled. (Reporting is enabled by default, but can be controlled with mysql_options().) To determine which parameters were truncated when this value is returned, check the error members of the MYSQL_BIND parameter structures.

Errors

Example

The following example demonstrates how to fetch data from a table using mysql_stmt_result_metadata(), mysql_stmt_bind_result(), and mysql_stmt_fetch(). (This example expects to retrieve the two rows inserted by the example shown in Section 20.8.7.10, “mysql_stmt_execute().) The mysql variable is assumed to be a valid connection handle.

#define STRING_SIZE 50

#define SELECT_SAMPLE "SELECT col1, col2, col3, col4 \
                       FROM test_table"

MYSQL_STMT    *stmt;
MYSQL_BIND    bind[4];
MYSQL_RES     *prepare_meta_result;
MYSQL_TIME    ts;
unsigned long length[4];
int           param_count, column_count, row_count;
short         small_data;
int           int_data;
char          str_data[STRING_SIZE];
my_bool       is_null[4];
my_bool       error[4];

/* Prepare a SELECT query to fetch data from test_table */
stmt = mysql_stmt_init(mysql);
if (!stmt)
{
  fprintf(stderr, " mysql_stmt_init(), out of memory\n");
  exit(0);
}
if (mysql_stmt_prepare(stmt, SELECT_SAMPLE, strlen(SELECT_SAMPLE)))
{
  fprintf(stderr, " mysql_stmt_prepare(), SELECT failed\n");
  fprintf(stderr, " %s\n", mysql_stmt_error(stmt));
  exit(0);
}
fprintf(stdout, " prepare, SELECT successful\n");

/* Get the parameter count from the statement */
param_count= mysql_stmt_param_count(stmt);
fprintf(stdout, " total parameters in SELECT: %d\n", param_count);

if (param_count != 0) /* validate parameter count */
{
  fprintf(stderr, " invalid parameter count returned by MySQL\n");
  exit(0);
}

/* Fetch result set meta information */
prepare_meta_result = mysql_stmt_result_metadata(stmt);
if (!prepare_meta_result)
{
  fprintf(stderr,
         " mysql_stmt_result_metadata(), \
           returned no meta information\n");
  fprintf(stderr, " %s\n", mysql_stmt_error(stmt));
  exit(0);
}

/* Get total columns in the query */
column_count= mysql_num_fields(prepare_meta_result);
fprintf(stdout,
        " total columns in SELECT statement: %d\n",
        column_count);

if (column_count != 4) /* validate column count */
{
  fprintf(stderr, " invalid column count returned by MySQL\n");
  exit(0);
}

/* Execute the SELECT query */
if (mysql_stmt_execute(stmt))
{
  fprintf(stderr, " mysql_stmt_execute(), failed\n");
  fprintf(stderr, " %s\n", mysql_stmt_error(stmt));
  exit(0);
}

/* Bind the result buffers for all 4 columns before fetching them */

memset(bind, 0, sizeof(bind));

/* INTEGER COLUMN */
bind[0].buffer_type= MYSQL_TYPE_LONG;
bind[0].buffer= (char *)&int_data;
bind[0].is_null= &is_null[0];
bind[0].length= &length[0];
bind[0].error= &error[0];

/* STRING COLUMN */
bind[1].buffer_type= MYSQL_TYPE_STRING;
bind[1].buffer= (char *)str_data;
bind[1].buffer_length= STRING_SIZE;
bind[1].is_null= &is_null[1];
bind[1].length= &length[1];
bind[1].error= &error[1];

/* SMALLINT COLUMN */
bind[2].buffer_type= MYSQL_TYPE_SHORT;
bind[2].buffer= (char *)&small_data;
bind[2].is_null= &is_null[2];
bind[2].length= &length[2];
bind[2].error= &error[2];

/* TIMESTAMP COLUMN */
bind[3].buffer_type= MYSQL_TYPE_TIMESTAMP;
bind[3].buffer= (char *)&ts;
bind[3].is_null= &is_null[3];
bind[3].length= &length[3];
bind[3].error= &error[3];

/* Bind the result buffers */
if (mysql_stmt_bind_result(stmt, bind))
{
  fprintf(stderr, " mysql_stmt_bind_result() failed\n");
  fprintf(stderr, " %s\n", mysql_stmt_error(stmt));
  exit(0);
}

/* Now buffer all results to client (optional step) */
if (mysql_stmt_store_result(stmt))
{
  fprintf(stderr, " mysql_stmt_store_result() failed\n");
  fprintf(stderr, " %s\n", mysql_stmt_error(stmt));
  exit(0);
}

/* Fetch all rows */
row_count= 0;
fprintf(stdout, "Fetching results ...\n");
while (!mysql_stmt_fetch(stmt))
{
  row_count++;
  fprintf(stdout, "  row %d\n", row_count);

  /* column 1 */
  fprintf(stdout, "   column1 (integer)  : ");
  if (is_null[0])
    fprintf(stdout, " NULL\n");
  else
    fprintf(stdout, " %d(%ld)\n", int_data, length[0]);

  /* column 2 */
  fprintf(stdout, "   column2 (string)   : ");
  if (is_null[1])
    fprintf(stdout, " NULL\n");
  else
    fprintf(stdout, " %s(%ld)\n", str_data, length[1]);

  /* column 3 */
  fprintf(stdout, "   column3 (smallint) : ");
  if (is_null[2])
    fprintf(stdout, " NULL\n");
  else
    fprintf(stdout, " %d(%ld)\n", small_data, length[2]);

  /* column 4 */
  fprintf(stdout, "   column4 (timestamp): ");
  if (is_null[3])
    fprintf(stdout, " NULL\n");
  else
    fprintf(stdout, " %04d-%02d-%02d %02d:%02d:%02d (%ld)\n",
                     ts.year, ts.month, ts.day,
                     ts.hour, ts.minute, ts.second,
                     length[3]);
  fprintf(stdout, "\n");
}

/* Validate rows fetched */
fprintf(stdout, " total rows fetched: %d\n", row_count);
if (row_count != 2)
{
  fprintf(stderr, " MySQL failed to return all rows\n");
  exit(0);
}

/* Free the prepared result metadata */
mysql_free_result(prepare_meta_result);


/* Close the statement */
if (mysql_stmt_close(stmt))
{
  fprintf(stderr, " failed while closing the statement\n");
  fprintf(stderr, " %s\n", mysql_stmt_error(stmt));
  exit(0);
}

In some cases you might want to determine the length of a column value before fetching it with mysql_stmt_fetch(). For example, the value might be a long string or BLOB value for which you want to know how much space must be allocated. To accomplish this, you can use these strategies:

  • Before invoking mysql_stmt_fetch() to retrieve individual rows, invoke mysql_stmt_store_result() to buffer the entire result on the client side. Then the maximal length of column values will be indicated by the max_length member of the result set metadata returned by mysql_stmt_result_metadata(). This strategy requires that you pass STMT_ATTR_UPDATE_MAX_LENGTH to mysql_stmt_attr_set() or the max_length values will not be calculated.

  • Invoke mysql_stmt_fetch() with a zero-length buffer for the column in question and a pointer in which the real length can be stored. Then use the real length with mysql_stmt_fetch_column().

    real_length= 0;
    
    bind[0].buffer= 0;
    bind[0].buffer_length= 0;
    bind[0].length= &real_length
    mysql_stmt_bind_result(stmt, bind);
    
    mysql_stmt_fetch(stmt);
    if (real_length > 0)
    {
      data= malloc(real_length);
      bind[0].buffer= data;
      bind[0].buffer_length= real_length;
      mysql_stmt_fetch_column(stmt, bind, 0, 0);
    }
    

20.8.7.12. mysql_stmt_fetch_column()

int mysql_stmt_fetch_column(MYSQL_STMT *stmt, MYSQL_BIND *bind, unsigned int column, unsigned long offset)

Description

Fetch one column from the current result set row. bind provides the buffer where data should be placed. It should be set up the same way as for mysql_stmt_bind_result(). column indicates which column to fetch. The first column is numbered 0. offset is the offset within the data value at which to begin retrieving data. This can be used for fetching the data value in pieces. The beginning of the value is offset 0.

Return Values

Zero if the value was fetched successfully. Nonzero if an error occurred.

Errors

20.8.7.13. mysql_stmt_field_count()

unsigned int mysql_stmt_field_count(MYSQL_STMT *stmt)

Description

Returns the number of columns for the most recent statement for the statement handler. This value is zero for statements such as INSERT or DELETE that do not produce result sets.

mysql_stmt_field_count() can be called after you have prepared a statement by invoking mysql_stmt_prepare().

Return Values

An unsigned integer representing the number of columns in a result set.

Errors

None.

20.8.7.14. mysql_stmt_free_result()

my_bool mysql_stmt_free_result(MYSQL_STMT *stmt)

Description

Releases memory associated with the result set produced by execution of the prepared statement. If there is a cursor open for the statement, mysql_stmt_free_result() closes it.

Return Values

Zero if the result set was freed successfully. Nonzero if an error occurred.

Errors

20.8.7.15. mysql_stmt_init()

MYSQL_STMT *mysql_stmt_init(MYSQL *mysql)

Description

Create a MYSQL_STMT handle. The handle should be freed with mysql_stmt_close(MYSQL_STMT *).

Return values

A pointer to a MYSQL_STMT structure in case of success. NULL if out of memory.

Errors

20.8.7.16. mysql_stmt_insert_id()

my_ulonglong mysql_stmt_insert_id(MYSQL_STMT *stmt)

Description

Returns the value generated for an AUTO_INCREMENT column by the prepared INSERT or UPDATE statement. Use this function after you have executed a prepared INSERT statement on a table which contains an AUTO_INCREMENT field.

See Section 20.8.3.37, “mysql_insert_id(), for more information.

Return Values

Value for AUTO_INCREMENT column which was automatically generated or explicitly set during execution of prepared statement, or value generated by LAST_INSERT_ID(expr) function. Return value is undefined if statement does not set AUTO_INCREMENT value.

Errors

None.

20.8.7.17. mysql_stmt_num_rows()

my_ulonglong mysql_stmt_num_rows(MYSQL_STMT *stmt)

Description

Returns the number of rows in the result set.

The use of mysql_stmt_num_rows() depends on whether you used mysql_stmt_store_result() to buffer the entire result set in the statement handle.

If you use mysql_stmt_store_result(), mysql_stmt_num_rows() may be called immediately. Otherwise, the row count is unavailable unless you count the rows as you fetch them.

mysql_stmt_num_rows() is intended for use with statements that return a result set, such as SELECT. For statements such as INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE, the number of affected rows can be obtained with mysql_stmt_affected_rows().

Return Values

The number of rows in the result set.

Errors

None.

20.8.7.18. mysql_stmt_param_count()

unsigned long mysql_stmt_param_count(MYSQL_STMT *stmt)

Description

Returns the number of parameter markers present in the prepared statement.

Return Values

An unsigned long integer representing the number of parameters in a statement.

Errors

None.

Example

For the usage of mysql_stmt_param_count(), refer to the Example from Section 20.8.7.10, “mysql_stmt_execute().

20.8.7.19. mysql_stmt_param_metadata()

MYSQL_RES *mysql_stmt_param_metadata(MYSQL_STMT *stmt)

This function currently does nothing.

Description

Return Values

Errors

20.8.7.20. mysql_stmt_prepare()

int mysql_stmt_prepare(MYSQL_STMT *stmt, const char *stmt_str, unsigned long length)

Description

Given the statement handle returned by mysql_stmt_init(), prepares the SQL statement pointed to by the string stmt_str and returns a status value. The string length should be given by the length argument. The string must consist of a single SQL statement. You should not add a terminating semicolon (“;”) or \g to the statement.

The application can include one or more parameter markers in the SQL statement by embedding question mark (“?”) characters into the SQL string at the appropriate positions.

The markers are legal only in certain places in SQL statements. For example, they are allowed in the VALUES() list of an INSERT statement (to specify column values for a row), or in a comparison with a column in a WHERE clause to specify a comparison value. However, they are not allowed for identifiers (such as table or column names), or to specify both operands of a binary operator such as the = equal sign. The latter restriction is necessary because it would be impossible to determine the parameter type. In general, parameters are legal only in Data Manipulation Language (DML) statements, and not in Data Definition Language (DDL) statements.

The parameter markers must be bound to application variables using mysql_stmt_bind_param() before executing the statement.

Return Values

Zero if the statement was prepared successfully. Nonzero if an error occurred.

Errors

If the prepare operation was unsuccessful (that is, mysql_stmt_prepare() returns nonzero), the error message can be obtained by calling mysql_stmt_error().

Example

For the usage of mysql_stmt_prepare(), refer to the Example from Section 20.8.7.10, “mysql_stmt_execute().

20.8.7.21. mysql_stmt_reset()

my_bool mysql_stmt_reset(MYSQL_STMT *stmt)

Description

Resets a prepared statement on client and server to state after prepare. It resets the statement on the server, data sent using mysql_stmt_send_long_data(), unbuffered result sets and current errors. It does not clear bindings or stored result sets. Stored result sets will be cleared when executing the prepared statement (or closing it).

To re-prepare the statement with another query, use mysql_stmt_prepare().

Return Values

Zero if the statement was reset successfully. Nonzero if an error occurred.

Errors

20.8.7.22. mysql_stmt_result_metadata()

MYSQL_RES *mysql_stmt_result_metadata(MYSQL_STMT *stmt)

Description

If a statement passed to mysql_stmt_prepare() is one that produces a result set, mysql_stmt_result_metadata() returns the result set metadata in the form of a pointer to a MYSQL_RES structure that can be used to process the meta information such as total number of fields and individual field information. This result set pointer can be passed as an argument to any of the field-based API functions that process result set metadata, such as:

The result set structure should be freed when you are done with it, which you can do by passing it to mysql_free_result(). This is similar to the way you free a result set obtained from a call to mysql_store_result().

The result set returned by mysql_stmt_result_metadata() contains only metadata. It does not contain any row results. The rows are obtained by using the statement handle with mysql_stmt_fetch().

Return Values

A MYSQL_RES result structure. NULL if no meta information exists for the prepared query.

Errors

Example

For the usage of mysql_stmt_result_metadata(), refer to the Example from Section 20.8.7.11, “mysql_stmt_fetch().

20.8.7.23. mysql_stmt_row_seek()

MYSQL_ROW_OFFSET mysql_stmt_row_seek(MYSQL_STMT *stmt, MYSQL_ROW_OFFSET offset)

Description

Sets the row cursor to an arbitrary row in a statement result set. The offset value is a row offset that should be a value returned from mysql_stmt_row_tell() or from mysql_stmt_row_seek(). This value is not a row number; if you want to seek to a row within a result set by number, use mysql_stmt_data_seek() instead.

This function requires that the result set structure contains the entire result of the query, so mysql_stmt_row_seek() may be used only in conjunction with mysql_stmt_store_result().

Return Values

The previous value of the row cursor. This value may be passed to a subsequent call to mysql_stmt_row_seek().

Errors

None.

20.8.7.24. mysql_stmt_row_tell()

MYSQL_ROW_OFFSET mysql_stmt_row_tell(MYSQL_STMT *stmt)

Description

Returns the current position of the row cursor for the last mysql_stmt_fetch(). This value can be used as an argument to mysql_stmt_row_seek().

You should use mysql_stmt_row_tell() only after mysql_stmt_store_result().

Return Values

The current offset of the row cursor.

Errors

None.

20.8.7.25. mysql_stmt_send_long_data()

my_bool mysql_stmt_send_long_data(MYSQL_STMT *stmt, unsigned int parameter_number, const char *data, unsigned long length)

Description

Allows an application to send parameter data to the server in pieces (or “chunks”). Call this function after mysql_stmt_bind_param() and before mysql_stmt_execute(). It can be called multiple times to send the parts of a character or binary data value for a column, which must be one of the TEXT or BLOB data types.

parameter_number indicates which parameter to associate the data with. Parameters are numbered beginning with 0. data is a pointer to a buffer containing data to be sent, and length indicates the number of bytes in the buffer.

Note

The next mysql_stmt_execute() call ignores the bind buffer for all parameters that have been used with mysql_stmt_send_long_data() since last mysql_stmt_execute() or mysql_stmt_reset().

If you want to reset/forget the sent data, you can do it with mysql_stmt_reset(). See Section 20.8.7.21, “mysql_stmt_reset().

Return Values

Zero if the data is sent successfully to server. Nonzero if an error occurred.

Errors

Example

The following example demonstrates how to send the data for a TEXT column in chunks. It inserts the data value 'MySQL - The most popular Open Source database' into the text_column column. The mysql variable is assumed to be a valid connection handle.

#define INSERT_QUERY "INSERT INTO \
                      test_long_data(text_column) VALUES(?)"

MYSQL_BIND bind[1];
long       length;

stmt = mysql_stmt_init(mysql);
if (!stmt)
{
  fprintf(stderr, " mysql_stmt_init(), out of memory\n");
  exit(0);
}
if (mysql_stmt_prepare(stmt, INSERT_QUERY, strlen(INSERT_QUERY)))
{
  fprintf(stderr, "\n mysql_stmt_prepare(), INSERT failed");
  fprintf(stderr, "\n %s", mysql_stmt_error(stmt));
  exit(0);
}
 memset(bind, 0, sizeof(bind));
 bind[0].buffer_type= MYSQL_TYPE_STRING;
 bind[0].length= &length;
 bind[0].is_null= 0;

/* Bind the buffers */
if (mysql_stmt_bind_param(stmt, bind))
{
  fprintf(stderr, "\n param bind failed");
  fprintf(stderr, "\n %s", mysql_stmt_error(stmt));
  exit(0);
}

 /* Supply data in chunks to server */
 if (mysql_stmt_send_long_data(stmt,0,"MySQL",5))
{
  fprintf(stderr, "\n send_long_data failed");
  fprintf(stderr, "\n %s", mysql_stmt_error(stmt));
  exit(0);
}

 /* Supply the next piece of data */
 if (mysql_stmt_send_long_data(stmt,0,
           " - The most popular Open Source database",40))
{
  fprintf(stderr, "\n send_long_data failed");
  fprintf(stderr, "\n %s", mysql_stmt_error(stmt));
  exit(0);
}

 /* Now, execute the query */
 if (mysql_stmt_execute(stmt))
{
  fprintf(stderr, "\n mysql_stmt_execute failed");
  fprintf(stderr, "\n %s", mysql_stmt_error(stmt));
  exit(0);
}

20.8.7.26. mysql_stmt_sqlstate()

const char *mysql_stmt_sqlstate(MYSQL_STMT *stmt)

Description

For the statement specified by stmt, mysql_stmt_sqlstate() returns a null-terminated string containing the SQLSTATE error code for the most recently invoked prepared statement API function that can succeed or fail. The error code consists of five characters. "00000" means “no error.” The values are specified by ANSI SQL and ODBC. For a list of possible values, see Appendix B, Errors, Error Codes, and Common Problems.

Note that not all MySQL errors are yet mapped to SQLSTATE codes. The value "HY000" (general error) is used for unmapped errors.

Return Values

A null-terminated character string containing the SQLSTATE error code.

20.8.7.27. mysql_stmt_store_result()

int mysql_stmt_store_result(MYSQL_STMT *stmt)

Description

Result sets are produced by executing prepared statements for SQL statements such as SELECT, SHOW, DESCRIBE, and EXPLAIN. By default, result sets for successfully executed prepared statements are not buffered on the client and mysql_stmt_fetch() fetches them one at a time from the server. To cause the complete result set to be buffered on the client, call mysql_stmt_store_result() after binding data buffers with mysql_stmt_bind_result() and before calling mysql_stmt_fetch() to fetch rows. (For an example, see Section 20.8.7.11, “mysql_stmt_fetch().)

mysql_stmt_store_result() is optional for result set processing, unless you will call mysql_stmt_data_seek(), mysql_stmt_row_seek(), or mysql_stmt_row_tell(). Those functions require a seekable result set.

It is unnecessary to call mysql_stmt_store_result() after executing an SQL statement that does not produce a result set, but if you do, it does not harm or cause any notable performance problem. You can detect whether the statement produced a result set by checking if mysql_stmt_result_metadata() returns NULL. For more information, refer to Section 20.8.7.22, “mysql_stmt_result_metadata().

Note

MySQL doesn't by default calculate MYSQL_FIELD->max_length for all columns in mysql_stmt_store_result() because calculating this would slow down mysql_stmt_store_result() considerably and most applications don't need max_length. If you want max_length to be updated, you can call mysql_stmt_attr_set(MYSQL_STMT, STMT_ATTR_UPDATE_MAX_LENGTH, &flag) to enable this. See Section 20.8.7.3, “mysql_stmt_attr_set().

Return Values

Zero if the results are buffered successfully. Nonzero if an error occurred.

Errors

20.8.8. C API Threaded Function Descriptions

You need to use the following functions when you want to create a threaded client. See Section 20.8.16.2, “How to Make a Threaded Client”.

20.8.8.1. my_init()

void my_init(void)

Description

my_init() initializes some global variables that MySQL needs. If you are using a thread-safe client library, it also calls mysql_thread_init() for this thread.

It is necessary for my_init() to be called early in the initialization phase of a program's use of the MySQL library. However, my_init() is automatically called by mysql_init(), mysql_library_init(), mysql_server_init(), and mysql_connect(). If you ensure that your program invokes one of those functions before any other MySQL calls, there is no need to invoke my_init() explicitly.

To access the prototype for my_init(), your program should include these header files:

#include <my_global.h>
#include <my_sys.h>

Return Values

None.

20.8.8.2. mysql_thread_end()

void mysql_thread_end(void)

Description

This function needs to be called before calling pthread_exit() to free memory allocated by mysql_thread_init().

mysql_thread_end() is not invoked automatically by the client library. It must be called explicitly to avoid a memory leak.

Return Values

None.

20.8.8.3. mysql_thread_init()

my_bool mysql_thread_init(void)

Description

This function must be called early within each created thread to initialize thread-specific variables. However, you may not necessarily need to invoke it explicitly: mysql_thread_init() is automatically called by my_init(), which itself is automatically called by mysql_init(), mysql_library_init(), mysql_server_init(), and mysql_connect(). If you invoke any of those functions, mysql_thread_init() will be called for you.

Return Values

Zero if successful. Nonzero if an error occurred.

20.8.8.4. mysql_thread_safe()

unsigned int mysql_thread_safe(void)

Description

This function indicates whether the client library is compiled as thread-safe.

Return Values

1 if the client library is thread-safe, 0 otherwise.

20.8.9. C API Embedded Server Function Descriptions

MySQL applications can be written to use an embedded server. See Section 20.7, “libmysqld, the Embedded MySQL Server Library”. To write such an application, you must link it against the libmysqld library by using the -lmysqld flag rather than linking it against the libmysqlclient client library by using the -lmysqlclient flag. However, the calls to initialize and finalize the library are the same whether you write a client application or one that uses the embedded server: Call mysql_library_init() to initialize the library and mysql_library_end() when you are done with it. See Section 20.8.2, “C API Function Overview”.

mysql_library_init() and mysql_library_end() are available as of MySQL 5.0.3. For earlier versions of MySQL 5.0, call mysql_server_init() and mysql_server_end() instead, which are equivalent. mysql_library_init() and mysql_library_end() actually are #define symbols that make them equivalent to mysql_server_init() and mysql_server_end(), but the names more clearly indicate that they should be called when beginning and ending use of a MySQL C API library no matter whether the application uses libmysqlclient or libmysqld.

20.8.9.1. mysql_server_init()

int mysql_server_init(int argc, char **argv, char **groups)

Description

This function initializes the MySQL library, which must be done before you call any other MySQL function.

As of MySQL 5.0.3, mysql_server_init() is deprecated and you should call mysql_library_init() instead. See Section 20.8.3.40, “mysql_library_init().

Return Values

Zero if successful. Nonzero if an error occurred.

20.8.9.2. mysql_server_end()

void mysql_server_end(void)

Description

This function finalizes the MySQL library. You should call it when you are done using the library.

As of MySQL 5.0.3, mysql_server_end() is deprecated and you should call mysql_library_end() instead. See Section 20.8.3.39, “mysql_library_end().

Return Values

None.

20.8.10. Common Questions and Problems When Using the C API

MySQL Enterprise Subscribers to MySQL Enterprise will find articles about the C API in the MySQL Knowledge Base. Access to the Knowledge Base collection of articles is one of the advantages of subscribing to MySQL Enterprise. For more information, see http://www.mysql.com/products/enterprise/advisors.html.

20.8.10.1. Why mysql_store_result() Sometimes Returns NULL After mysql_query() Returns Success

It is possible for mysql_store_result() to return NULL following a successful call to mysql_query(). When this happens, it means one of the following conditions occurred:

  • There was a malloc() failure (for example, if the result set was too large).

  • The data couldn't be read (an error occurred on the connection).

  • The query returned no data (for example, it was an INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE).

You can always check whether the statement should have produced a nonempty result by calling mysql_field_count(). If mysql_field_count() returns zero, the result is empty and the last query was a statement that does not return values (for example, an INSERT or a DELETE). If mysql_field_count() returns a nonzero value, the statement should have produced a nonempty result. See the description of the mysql_field_count() function for an example.

You can test for an error by calling mysql_error() or mysql_errno().

20.8.10.2. What Results You Can Get from a Query

In addition to the result set returned by a query, you can also get the following information:

20.8.10.3. How to Get the Unique ID for the Last Inserted Row

If you insert a record into a table that contains an AUTO_INCREMENT column, you can obtain the value stored into that column by calling the mysql_insert_id() function.

You can check from your C applications whether a value was stored in an AUTO_INCREMENT column by executing the following code (which assumes that you've checked that the statement succeeded). It determines whether the query was an INSERT with an AUTO_INCREMENT index:

if ((result = mysql_store_result(&mysql)) == 0 &&
    mysql_field_count(&mysql) == 0 &&
    mysql_insert_id(&mysql) != 0)
{
    used_id = mysql_insert_id(&mysql);
}

When a new AUTO_INCREMENT value has been generated, you can also obtain it by executing a SELECT LAST_INSERT_ID() statement with mysql_query() and retrieving the value from the result set returned by the statement.

For LAST_INSERT_ID(), the most recently generated ID is maintained in the server on a per-connection basis. It is not changed by another client. It is not even changed if you update another AUTO_INCREMENT column with a nonmagic value (that is, a value that is not NULL and not 0). Using LAST_INSERT_ID() and AUTO_INCREMENT columns simultaneously from multiple clients is perfectly valid. Each client will receive the last inserted ID for the last statement that client executed.

If you want to use the ID that was generated for one table and insert it into a second table, you can use SQL statements like this:

INSERT INTO foo (auto,text)
    VALUES(NULL,'text');         # generate ID by inserting NULL
INSERT INTO foo2 (id,text)
    VALUES(LAST_INSERT_ID(),'text');  # use ID in second table

Note that mysql_insert_id() returns the value stored into an AUTO_INCREMENT column, whether that value is automatically generated by storing NULL or 0 or was specified as an explicit value. LAST_INSERT_ID() returns only automatically generated AUTO_INCREMENT values. If you store an explicit value other than NULL or 0, it does not affect the value returned by LAST_INSERT_ID().

For more information on obtaining the last ID in an AUTO_INCREMENT column:

20.8.11. Controlling Automatic Reconnection Behavior

The MySQL client library can perform an automatic reconnection to the server if it finds that the connection is down when you attempt to send a statement to the server to be executed. In this case, the library tries once to reconnect to the server and send the statement again.

If it is important for your application to know that the connection has been dropped (so that is can exit or take action to adjust for the loss of state information), be sure to disable auto-reconnect. This can be done explicitly by calling mysql_options() with the MYSQL_OPT_RECONNECT option:

my_bool reconnect = 0;
mysql_options(&mysql, MYSQL_OPT_RECONNECT, &reconnect);

In MySQL 5.0, auto-reconnect was enabled by default until MySQL 5.0.3, and disabled by default thereafter. The MYSQL_OPT_RECONNECT option is available as of MySQL 5.0.13.

If the connection has gone down, the mysql_ping() function performs a reconnect if auto-reconnect is enabled. If auto-reconnect is disabled, mysql_ping() returns an error instead.

Some client programs might provide the capability of controlling automatic reconnection. For example, mysql reconnects by default, but the --skip-reconnect option can be used to suppress this behavior.

If an automatic reconnection does occur (for example, as a result of calling mysql_ping()), there is no explicit indication of it. To check for reconnection, call mysql_thread_id() to get the original connection identifier before calling mysql_ping(), and then call mysql_thread_id() again to see whether the identifier has changed.

Automatic reconnection can be convenient because you need not implement your own reconnect code, but if a reconnection does occur, several aspects of the connection state are reset and your application will not know about it. The connection-related state is affected as follows:

  • Any active transactions are rolled back and autocommit mode is reset.

  • All table locks are released.

  • All TEMPORARY tables are closed (and dropped).

  • Session variables are reinitialized to the values of the corresponding variables. This also affects variables that are set implicitly by statements such as SET NAMES.

  • User variable settings are lost.

  • Prepared statements are released.

  • HANDLER variables are closed.

  • The value of LAST_INSERT_ID() is reset to 0.

  • Locks acquired with GET_LOCK() are released.

If the connection drops, it is possible that the session associated with the connection on the server side will still be running if the server has not yet detected that the client is no longer connected. In this case, any locks held by the original connection still belong to that session, so you may want to kill it by calling mysql_kill().

20.8.12. C API Support for Multiple Statement Execution

By default, mysql_query() and mysql_real_query() interpret their statement string argument as a single statement to be executed, and you process the result according to whether the statement produces a result set (a set of rows, as for SELECT) or an affected-rows count (as for INSERT, UPDATE, and so forth).

MySQL 5.0 also supports the execution of a string containing multiple statements separated by semicolon (“;”) characters. This capability is enabled by special options that are specified either when you connect to the server with mysql_real_connect() or after connecting by calling` mysql_set_server_option().

Executing a multiple-statement string can produce multiple result sets or row-count indicators. Processing these results involves a different approach than for the single-statement case: After handling the result from the first statement, it is necessary to check whether more results exist and process them in turn if so. To support multiple-result processing, the C API includes the mysql_more_results() and mysql_next_result() functions. These functions are used at the end of a loop that iterates as long as more results are available. Failure to process the result this way may result in a dropped connection to the server.

Multiple-result processing also is required if you execute CALL statements for stored procedures. Results from a stored procedure have these characteristics:

  • Statements within the procedure may produce result sets (for example, if it executes SELECT statements). These result sets are returned in the order that they are produced as the procedure executes.

    In general, the caller cannot know how many result sets a procedure will return. Procedure execution may depend on loops or conditional statements that cause the execution path to differ from one call to the next. Therefore, you must be prepared to retrieve multiple results.

  • The final result from the procedure is a status result that includes no result set. The status indicates whether the procedure succeeded or an error occurred.

The multiple statement and result capabilities can be used only with mysql_query() or mysql_real_query(). They cannot be used with the prepared statement interface. Prepared statement handles are defined to work only with strings that contain a single statement. See Section 20.8.4, “C API Prepared Statements”.

To enable multiple-statement execution and result processing, the following options may be used:

  • The mysql_real_connect() function has a flags argument for which two option values are relevent:

    • CLIENT_MULTI_RESULTS enables the client program to process multiple results. This option must be enabled if you execute CALL statements for stored procedures that produce result sets. Otherwise, such procedures result in an error Error 1312 (0A000): PROCEDURE proc_name can't return a result set in the given context.

    • CLIENT_MULTI_STATEMENTS enables mysql_query() and mysql_real_query() to execute statement strings containing multiple statements separated by semicolons. This option also enables CLIENT_MULTI_RESULTS implicitly, so a flags argument of CLIENT_MULTI_STATEMENTS to mysql_real_connect() is equivalent to an argument of CLIENT_MULTI_STATEMENTS | CLIENT_MULTI_RESULTS. That is, CLIENT_MULTI_STATEMENTS is sufficient to enable multiple-statement execution and all multiple-result processing.

  • After the connection to the server has been established, you can use the mysql_set_server_option() function to enable or disable multiple-statement execution by passing it an argument of MYSQL_OPTION_MULTI_STATEMENTS_ON or MYSQL_OPTION_MULTI_STATEMENTS_OFF. Enabling multiple-statement execution with this function also enables processing of “simple” results for a multiple-statement string where each statement produces a single result, but is not sufficient to allow processing of stored procedures that produce result sets.

The following procedure outlines a suggested strategy for handling multiple statements:

  1. Pass CLIENT_MULTI_STATEMENTS to mysql_real_connect(), to fully enable multiple-statement execution and multiple-result processing.

  2. After calling mysql_query() or mysql_real_query() and verifying that it succeeds, enter a loop within which you process statement results.

  3. For each iteration of the loop, handle the current statement result, retrieving either a result set or an affected-rows count. If an error occurs, exit the loop.

  4. At the end of the loop, call mysql_next_result() to check whether another result exists and initiate retrieval for it if so. If no more results are available, exit the loop.

One possible implementation of the preceding strategy is shown following. The final part of the loop can be reduced to a simple test of whether mysql_next_result() returns nonzero. The code as written distinguishes between no more results and an error, which allows a message to be printed for the latter occurrence.

/* connect to server with the CLIENT_MULTI_STATEMENTS option */
if (mysql_real_connect (mysql, host_name, user_name, password,
    db_name, port_num, socket_name, CLIENT_MULTI_STATEMENTS) == NULL)
{
  printf("mysql_real_connect() failed\n");
  mysql_close(mysql);
  exit(1);
}

/* execute multiple statements */
status = mysql_query(mysql,
                     "DROP TABLE IF EXISTS test_table;\
                      CREATE TABLE test_table(id INT);\
                      INSERT INTO test_table VALUES(10);\
                      UPDATE test_table SET id=20 WHERE id=10;\
                      SELECT * FROM test_table;\
                      DROP TABLE test_table");
if (status)
{
  printf("Could not execute statement(s)");
  mysql_close(mysql);
  exit(0);
}

/* process each statement result */
do {
  /* did current statement return data? */
  result = mysql_store_result(mysql);
  if (result)
  {
    /* yes; process rows and free the result set */
    process_result_set(mysql, result);
    mysql_free_result(result);
  }
  else          /* no result set or error */
  {
    if (mysql_field_count(mysql) == 0)
    {
      printf("%lld rows affected\n",
            mysql_affected_rows(mysql));
    }
    else  /* some error occurred */
    {
      printf("Could not retrieve result set\n");
      break;
    }
  }
  /* more results? -1 = no, >0 = error, 0 = yes (keep looping) */
  if ((status = mysql_next_result(mysql)) > 0)
    printf("Could not execute statement\n");
} while (status == 0);

mysql_close(mysql);

20.8.13. C API Prepared Statement Problems

Here follows a list of the currently known problems with prepared statements:

  • TIME, TIMESTAMP, and DATETIME do not support parts of seconds (for example, from DATE_FORMAT()).

  • When converting an integer to string, ZEROFILL is honored with prepared statements in some cases where the MySQL server doesn't print the leading zeros. (For example, with MIN(number-with-zerofill)).

  • When converting a floating-point number to a string in the client, the rightmost digits of the converted value may differ slightly from those of the original value.

  • Prepared statements do not use the query cache, even in cases where a query does not contain any placeholders. See Section 7.5.5.1, “How the Query Cache Operates”.

  • Prepared statements do not support multi-statements (that is, multiple statements within a single string separated by “;” characters).

  • In MySQL 5.0, prepared CALL statements cannot invoke stored procedures that return result sets because prepared statements do not support multiple result sets. Nor can the calling application access a stored procedure's OUT or INOUT parameters when the procedure returns. These capabilities are supported beginning with MySQL 5.6.

20.8.14. C API Prepared Statement Handling of Date and Time Values

The binary (prepared statement) protocol allows you to send and receive date and time values (DATE, TIME, DATETIME, and TIMESTAMP), using the MYSQL_TIME structure. The members of this structure are described in Section 20.8.5, “C API Prepared Statement Data types”.

To send temporal data values, create a prepared statement using mysql_stmt_prepare(). Then, before calling mysql_stmt_execute() to execute the statement, use the following procedure to set up each temporal parameter:

  1. In the MYSQL_BIND structure associated with the data value, set the buffer_type member to the type that indicates what kind of temporal value you're sending. For DATE, TIME, DATETIME, or TIMESTAMP values, set buffer_type to MYSQL_TYPE_DATE, MYSQL_TYPE_TIME, MYSQL_TYPE_DATETIME, or MYSQL_TYPE_TIMESTAMP, respectively.

  2. Set the buffer member of the MYSQL_BIND structure to the address of the MYSQL_TIME structure in which you pass the temporal value.

  3. Fill in the members of the MYSQL_TIME structure that are appropriate for the type of temporal value to be passed.

Use mysql_stmt_bind_param() to bind the parameter data to the statement. Then you can call mysql_stmt_execute().

To retrieve temporal values, the procedure is similar, except that you set the buffer_type member to the type of value you expect to receive, and the buffer member to the address of a MYSQL_TIME structure into which the returned value should be placed. Use mysql_stmt_bind_result() to bind the buffers to the statement after calling mysql_stmt_execute() and before fetching the results.

Here is a simple example that inserts DATE, TIME, and TIMESTAMP data. The mysql variable is assumed to be a valid connection handle.

  MYSQL_TIME  ts;
  MYSQL_BIND  bind[3];
  MYSQL_STMT  *stmt;

  strmov(query, "INSERT INTO test_table(date_field, time_field, \
                               timestamp_field) VALUES(?,?,?");

  stmt = mysql_stmt_init(mysql);
  if (!stmt)
  {
    fprintf(stderr, " mysql_stmt_init(), out of memory\n");
    exit(0);
  }
  if (mysql_stmt_prepare(mysql, query, strlen(query)))
  {
    fprintf(stderr, "\n mysql_stmt_prepare(), INSERT failed");
    fprintf(stderr, "\n %s", mysql_stmt_error(stmt));
    exit(0);
  }

  /* set up input buffers for all 3 parameters */
  bind[0].buffer_type= MYSQL_TYPE_DATE;
  bind[0].buffer= (char *)&ts;
  bind[0].is_null= 0;
  bind[0].length= 0;
  ...
  bind[1]= bind[2]= bind[0];
  ...

  mysql_stmt_bind_param(stmt, bind);

  /* supply the data to be sent in the ts structure */
  ts.year= 2002;
  ts.month= 02;
  ts.day= 03;

  ts.hour= 10;
  ts.minute= 45;
  ts.second= 20;

  mysql_stmt_execute(stmt);
  ..

20.8.15. C API Support for Prepared CALL Statements

In MySQL 5.0, prepared CALL statements can be used only for stored procedures that produce at most one result set. Nor can the calling application use placeholders for OUT or INOUT parameters.

MySQL 5.6 expands prepared CALL statement support for stored procedures that produce multiple result sets and to provide placeholder access to OUT and INOUT parameters.

20.8.16. Building Client Programs

If you compile MySQL clients that you've written yourself or that you obtain from a third-party, they must be linked using the -lmysqlclient -lz options in the link command. You may also need to specify a -L option to tell the linker where to find the library. For example, if the library is installed in /usr/local/mysql/lib, use -L/usr/local/mysql/lib -lmysqlclient -lz in the link command.

For clients that use MySQL header files, you may need to specify an -I option when you compile them (for example, -I/usr/local/mysql/include), so that the compiler can find the header files.

To make it simpler to compile MySQL programs on Unix, we have provided the mysql_config script for you. See Section 4.7.2, “mysql_config — Get Compile Options for Compiling Clients”.

You can use it to compile a MySQL client as follows:

CFG=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_config
sh -c "gcc -o progname `$CFG --cflags` progname.c `$CFG --libs`"

The sh -c is needed to get the shell not to treat the output from mysql_config as one word.

MySQL Enterprise Subscribers to MySQL Enterprise will find an example client program in the Knowledge Base article, Sample C program using the embedded MySQL server library . Access to the MySQL Knowledge Base collection of articles is one of the advantages of subscribing to MySQL Enterprise. For more information, see http://www.mysql.com/products/enterprise/advisors.html.

20.8.16.1. Problems Linking with the C API

When linking with the C API, the following errors may occur on some systems:

gcc -g -o client test.o -L/usr/local/lib/mysql \
                        -lmysqlclient -lsocket -lnsl

Undefined        first referenced
 symbol          in file
floor            /usr/local/lib/mysql/libmysqlclient.a(password.o)
ld: fatal: Symbol referencing errors. No output written to client

If this happens on your system, you must include the math library by adding -lm to the end of the compile/link line.

Linking with the single-threaded library (libmysqlclient) may lead to linker errors related to pthread symbols. When using the single-threaded library, please compile your client with MYSQL_CLIENT_NO_THREADS defined. This can be done on the command line by using the -D option to the compiler, or in your source code before including the MySQL header files. This define should not be used when building for use with the thread-safe client library (libmysqlclient_r).

20.8.16.2. How to Make a Threaded Client

The client library is almost thread-safe. The biggest problem is that the subroutines in net.c that read from sockets are not interrupt safe. This was done with the thought that you might want to have your own alarm that can break a long read to a server. If you install interrupt handlers for the SIGPIPE interrupt, the socket handling should be thread-safe.

To avoid aborting the program when a connection terminates, MySQL blocks SIGPIPE on the first call to mysql_library_init(), mysql_init(), or mysql_connect(). If you want to use your own SIGPIPE handler, you should first call mysql_library_init() and then install your handler.

Current binary distributions should have both a normal and a thread-safe client library.

To create a threaded client where you can interrupt the client from other threads and set timeouts when talking with the MySQL server, you should use the net_serv.o code that the server uses and the -lmysys, -lmystrings, and -ldbug libraries.

If you don't need interrupts or timeouts, you can just compile a thread-safe client library (mysqlclient_r) and use it. In this case, you don't have to worry about the net_serv.o object file or the other MySQL libraries.

When using a threaded client and you want to use timeouts and interrupts, you can make great use of the routines in the thr_alarm.c file. If you are using routines from the mysys library, the only thing you must remember is to call my_init() first! See Section 20.8.8, “C API Threaded Function Descriptions”.

In all cases, be sure to initialize the client library by calling mysql_library_init() before calling any other MySQL functions. When you are done with the library, call mysql_library_end().

mysql_real_connect() is not thread-safe by default. The following notes describe how to compile a thread-safe client library and use it in a thread-safe manner. (The notes below for mysql_real_connect() also apply to the older mysql_connect() routine as well, although mysql_connect() is deprecated and should no longer be used.)

To make mysql_real_connect() thread-safe, you must configure your MySQL distribution with this command:

shell> ./configure --enable-thread-safe-client

Then recompile the distribution to create a thread-safe client library, libmysqlclient_r. (Assuming that your operating system has a thread-safe gethostbyname_r() function.) This library is thread-safe per connection. You can let two threads share the same connection with the following caveats:

  • Two threads can't send a query to the MySQL server at the same time on the same connection. In particular, you have to ensure that between calls to mysql_query() and mysql_store_result(), no other thread is using the same connection.

  • Many threads can access different result sets that are retrieved with mysql_store_result().

  • If you use mysql_use_result(), you must ensure that no other thread is using the same connection until the result set is closed. However, it really is best for threaded clients that share the same connection to use mysql_store_result().

  • If you want to use multiple threads on the same connection, you must have a mutex lock around your pair of mysql_query() and mysql_store_result() calls. Once mysql_store_result() is ready, the lock can be released and other threads may query the same connection.

  • If you use POSIX threads, you can use pthread_mutex_lock() and pthread_mutex_unlock() to establish and release a mutex lock.

You need to know the following if a thread that is calling MySQL functions did not create the connection to the MySQL database:

When you call mysql_init(), MySQL creates a thread-specific variable for the thread that is used by the debug library (among other things). If you call a MySQL function before the thread has called mysql_init(), the thread does not have the necessary thread-specific variables in place and you are likely to end up with a core dump sooner or later. To get things to work smoothly you must do the following:

  1. Call mysql_library_init() before any other MySQL functions. It is not thread-safe, so call it before threads are created, or protect the call with a mutex.

  2. Arrange for mysql_thread_init() to be called early in the thread handler before calling any MySQL function. If you call mysql_init(), they will call mysql_thread_init() for you.

  3. In the thread, call mysql_thread_end() before calling pthread_exit(). This frees the memory used by MySQL thread-specific variables.

The preceding notes regarding mysql_init() also apply to mysql_connect(), which calls mysql_init().

If “undefined symbol” errors occur when linking your client with libmysqlclient_r, in most cases this is because you haven't included the thread libraries on the link/compile command.

20.9. MySQL PHP API

PHP is a server-side, HTML-embedded scripting language that may be used to create dynamic Web pages. It is available for most operating systems and Web servers, and can access most common databases, including MySQL. PHP may be run as a separate program or compiled as a module for use with the Apache Web server.

PHP actually provides two different MySQL API extensions:

If you're experiencing problems with enabling both the mysql and the mysqli extension when building PHP on Linux yourself, see Section 20.9.7, “Enabling Both mysql and mysqli in PHP”.

The PHP distribution and documentation are available from the PHP Web site.

MySQL Enterprise MySQL Enterprise subscribers will find more information about MySQL and PHP in the Knowledge Base articles found at PHP. Access to the MySQL Knowledge Base collection of articles is one of the advantages of subscribing to MySQL Enterprise. For more information, see http://www.mysql.com/products/enterprise/knowledgebase.html.

Portions of this section are Copyright (c) 1997-2008 the PHP Documentation Group This material may be distributed only subject to the terms and conditions set forth in the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License or later. A copy of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license is distributed with this manual. The latest version is presently available at This material may be distributed only subject to the terms and conditio\ ns set forth in the Open Publication License, v1.0.8 or later (the latest version is presently available at http://www.opencontent.org/openpub/).

20.9.1. MySQL

Copyright 1997-2008 the PHP Documentation Group.

These functions allow you to access MySQL database servers. More information about MySQL can be found at http://www.mysql.com/.

Documentation for MySQL can be found at http://dev.mysql.com/doc/.

For an overview of MySQL database connectivity terms and products see Section 20.9.2.2, “Overview”.

20.9.1.1. Installing/Configuring

Copyright 1997-2008 the PHP Documentation Group.

20.9.1.1.1. Requirements

Copyright 1997-2008 the PHP Documentation Group.

In order to have these functions available, you must compile PHP with MySQL support.

20.9.1.1.2. Installation

Copyright 1997-2008 the PHP Documentation Group.

For compiling, simply use the --with-mysql[=DIR] configuration option where the optional [DIR] points to the MySQL installation directory.

Although this MySQL extension is compatible with MySQL 4.1.0 and greater, it doesn't support the extra functionality that these versions provide. For that, use the MySQLi extension.

If you would like to install the mysql extension along with the mysqli extension you have to use the same client library to avoid any conflicts.

20.9.1.1.2.1. Installation on Linux Systems

Copyright 1997-2008 the PHP Documentation Group.

20.9.1.1.2.1.1. PHP 4

Copyright 1997-2008 the PHP Documentation Group.

The option --with-mysql is enabled by default. This default behavior may be disabled with the --without-mysql configure option. If MySQL is enabled without specifying the path to the MySQL install DIR, PHP will use the bundled MySQL client libraries.

Users who run other applications that use MySQL (for example, auth-mysql) should not use the bundled library, but rather specify the path to MySQL's install directory, like so: --with-mysql=/path/to/mysql. This will force PHP to use the client libraries installed by MySQL, thus avoiding any conflicts.

20.9.1.1.2.1.2. PHP 5+

Copyright 1997-2008 the PHP Documentation Group.

MySQL is not enabled by default, nor is the MySQL library bundled with PHP. Read this FAQ for details on why. Use the --with-mysql[=DIR] configure option to include MySQL support. You can download headers and libraries from http://www.mysql.com/.

20.9.1.1.2.2. Installation on Windows Systems

Copyright 1997-2008 the PHP Documentation Group.

20.9.1.1.2.2.1. PHP 4

Copyright 1997-2008 the PHP Documentation Group.

The PHP MySQL extension is compiled into PHP.

20.9.1.1.2.2.2. PHP 5+

Copyright 1997-2008 the PHP Documentation Group.

MySQL is no longer enabled by default, so the php_mysql.dll DLL must be enabled inside of php.ini. Also, PHP needs access to the MySQL client library. A file named libmysql.dll is included in the Windows PHP distribution and in order for PHP to talk to MySQL this file needs to be available to the Windows systems PATH. See the FAQ titled "How do I add my PHP directory to the PATH on Windows" for information on how to do this. Although copying libmysql.dll to the Windows system directory also works (because the system directory is by default in the system's PATH), it's not recommended.

As with enabling any PHP extension (such as php_mysql.dll), the PHP directive extension_dir should be set to the directory where the PHP extensions are located. See also the Manual Windows Installation Instructions. An example extension_dir value for PHP 5 is c:\php\ext

Note

If when starting the web server an error similar to the following occurs: "Unable to load dynamic library './php_mysql.dll'", this is because php_mysql.dll and/or libmysql.dll cannot be found by the system.

20.9.1.1.2.3. MySQL Installation Notes

Copyright 1997-2008 the PHP Documentation Group.

Warning

Crashes and startup problems of PHP may be encountered when loading this extension in conjunction with the recode extension. See the recode extension for more information.

Note

If you need charsets other than latin (default), you have to install external (not bundled) libmysql with compiled charset support.

20.9.1.1.3. Runtime Configuration

Copyright 1997-2008 the PHP Documentation Group.

The behaviour of these functions is affected by settings in php.ini.

Table 20.4. MySQL Configuration Options

NameDefaultChangeableChangelog
mysql.allow_persistent"1"PHP_INI_SYSTEM 
mysql.max_persistent"-1"PHP_INI_SYSTEM 
mysql.max_links"-1"PHP_INI_SYSTEM 
mysql.trace_mode"0"PHP_INI_ALLAvailable since PHP 4.3.0.
mysql.default_portNULLPHP_INI_ALL 
mysql.default_socketNULLPHP_INI_ALLAvailable since PHP 4.0.1.
mysql.default_hostNULLPHP_INI_ALL 
mysql.default_userNULLPHP_INI_ALL 
mysql.default_passwordNULLPHP_INI_ALL 
mysql.connect_timeout"60"PHP_INI_ALLPHP_INI_SYSTEM in PHP <= 4.3.2. Available since PHP 4.3.0.

For further details and definitions of the PHP_INI_* modes, see the configuration.changes.modes.

Here's a short explanation of the configuration directives.

mysql.allow_persistent boolean

Whether to allow persistent connections to MySQL.

mysql.max_persistent integer

The maximum number of persistent MySQL connections per process.

mysql.max_links integer

The maximum number of MySQL connections per process, including persistent connections.

mysql.trace_mode boolean

Trace mode. When mysql.trace_mode is enabled, warnings for table/index scans, non free result sets, and SQL-Errors will be displayed. (Introduced in PHP 4.3.0)

mysql.default_port string

The default TCP port number to use when connecting to the database server if no other port is specified. If no default is specified, the port will be obtained from the MYSQL_TCP_PORT environment variable, the mysql-tcp entry in /etc/services or the compile-time MYSQL_PORT constant, in that order. Win32 will only use the MYSQL_PORT constant.

mysql.default_socket string

The default socket name to use when connecting to a local database server if no other socket name is specified.

mysql.default_host string

The default server host to use when connecting to the database server if no other host is specified. Doesn't apply in SQL safe mode.

mysql.default_user string

The default user name to use when connecting to the database server if no other name is specified. Doesn't apply in SQL safe mode.

mysql.default_password string

The default password to use when connecting to the database server if no other password is specified. Doesn't apply in SQL safe mode.

mysql.connect_timeout integer

Connect timeout in seconds. On Linux this timeout is also used for waiting for the first answer from the server.

20.9.1.1.4. Resource Types

Copyright 1997-2008 the PHP Documentation Group.

There are two resource types used in the MySQL module. The first one is the link identifier for a database connection, the second a resource which holds the result of a query.

20.9.1.2. Predefined Constants

Copyright 1997-2008 the PHP Documentation Group.

The constants below are defined by this extension, and will only be available when the extension has either been compiled into PHP or dynamically loaded at runtime.

Since PHP 4.3.0 it is possible to specify additional client flags for the mysql_connect and mysql_pconnect functions. The following constants are defined:

Table 20.5. MySQL client constants

ConstantDescription
MYSQL_CLIENT_COMPRESSUse compression protocol
MYSQL_CLIENT_IGNORE_SPACEAllow space after function names
MYSQL_CLIENT_INTERACTIVEAllow interactive_timeout seconds (instead of wait_timeout) of inactivity before closing the connection.
MYSQL_CLIENT_SSLUse SSL encryption. This flag is only available with version 4.x of the MySQL client library or newer. Version 3.23.x is bundled both with PHP 4 and Windows binaries of PHP 5.

The function mysql_fetch_array uses a constant for the different types of result arrays. The following constants are defined:

Table 20.6. MySQL fetch constants

ConstantDescription
MYSQL_ASSOCColumns are returned into the array having the fieldname as the array index.
MYSQL_BOTHColumns are returned into the array having both a numerical index and the fieldname as the array index.
MYSQL_NUMColumns are returned into the array having a numerical index to the fields. This index starts with 0, the first field in the result.

20.9.1.3. Examples

Copyright 1997-2008 the PHP Documentation Group.

20.9.1.3.1. Basic

This simple example shows how to connect, execute a query, print resulting rows and disconnect from a MySQL database.

Example 20.13. MySQL extension overview example

Copyright 1997-2008 the PHP Documentation Group.

<?php
// Connecting, selecting database
$link = mysql_connect('mysql_host', 'mysql_user', 'mysql_password')
    or die('Could not connect: ' . mysql_error());
echo 'Connected successfully';
mysql_select_db('my_database') or die('Could not select database');

// Performing SQL query
$query = 'SELECT * FROM my_table';
$result = mysql_query($query) or die('Query failed: ' . mysql_error());

// Printing results in HTML
echo "<table>\n";
while ($line = mysql_fetch_array($result, MYSQL_ASSOC)) {
    echo "\t<tr>\n";
    foreach ($line as $col_value) {
        echo "\t\t<td>$col_value</td>\n";
    }
    echo "\t</tr>\n";
}
echo "</table>\n";

// Free resultset
mysql_free_result($result);

// Closing connection
mysql_close($link);
?>

    

20.9.1.4. MySQL Functions

Copyright 1997-2008 the PHP Documentation Group.

Note

Most MySQL functions accept link_identifier as the last optional parameter. If it is not provided, last opened connection is used. If it doesn't exist, connection is tried to establish with default parameters defined in php.ini. If it is not successful, functions return FALSE .

20.9.1.4.1. mysql_affected_rows

Copyright 1997-2008 the PHP Documentation Group.

  • mysql_affected_rows

    Get number of affected rows in previous MySQL operation

Description

int mysql_affected_rows(resource link_identifier);

Get the number of affected rows by the last INSERT, UPDATE, REPLACE or DELETE query associated with link_identifier.

Parameters

link_identifier

The MySQL connection. If the link identifier is not specified, the last link opened by mysql_connect is assumed. If no such link is found, it will try to create one as if mysql_connect was called with no arguments. If no connection is found or established, an E_WARNING level error is generated.

Return Values

Returns the number of affected rows on success, and -1 if the last query failed.

If the last query was a DELETE query with no WHERE clause, all of the records will have been deleted from the table but this function will return zero with MySQL versions prior to 4.1.2.

When using UPDATE, MySQL will not update columns where the new value is the same as the old value. This creates the possibility that mysql_affected_rows may not actually equal the number of rows matched, only the number of rows that were literally affected by the query.

The REPLACE statement first deletes the record with the same primary key and then inserts the new record. This function returns the number of deleted records plus the number of inserted records.

Examples

Example 20.14. mysql_affected_rows example

<?php
$link = mysql_connect('localhost', 'mysql_user', 'mysql_password');
if (!$link) {
    die('Could not connect: ' . mysql_error());
}
mysql_select_db('mydb');

/* this should return the correct numbers of deleted records */
mysql_query('DELETE FROM mytable WHERE id < 10');
printf("Records deleted: %d\n", mysql_affected_rows());

/* with a where clause that is never true, it should return 0 */
mysql_query('DELETE FROM mytable WHERE 0');
printf("Records deleted: %d\n", mysql_affected_rows());
?>

    

The above example will output something similar to:



Records deleted: 10
Records deleted: 0


          

Example 20.15. mysql_affected_rows example using transactions

<?php
$link = mysql_connect('localhost', 'mysql_user', 'mysql_password');
if (!$link) {
    die('Could not connect: ' . mysql_error());
}
mysql_select_db('mydb');

/* Update records */
mysql_query("UPDATE mytable SET used=1 WHERE id < 10");
printf ("Updated records: %d\n", mysql_affected_rows());
mysql_query("COMMIT");
?>

    

The above example will output something similar to:



Updated Records: 10


          

Notes

Transactions

If you are using transactions, you need to call mysql_affected_rows after your INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE query, not after the COMMIT.

SELECT Statements

To retrieve the number of rows returned by a SELECT, it is possible to use mysql_num_rows.

See Also

mysql_num_rows
mysql_info

20.9.1.4.2. mysql_client_encoding

Copyright 1997-2008 the PHP Documentation Group.

  • mysql_client_encoding

    Returns the name of the character set

Description

string mysql_client_encoding(resource link_identifier);

Retrieves the character_set variable from MySQL.

Parameters

link_identifier

The MySQL connection. If the link identifier is not specified, the last link opened by mysql_connect is assumed. If no such link is found, it will try to create one as if mysql_connect was called with no arguments. If no connection is found or established, an E_WARNING level error is generated.

Return Values

Returns the default character set name for the current connection.

Examples

Example 20.16. mysql_client_encoding example

<?php
$link    = mysql_connect('localhost', 'mysql_user', 'mysql_password');
$charset = mysql_client_encoding($link);

echo "The current character set is: $charset\n";
?>

    

The above example will output something similar to:



The current character set is: latin1


          

See Also

mysql_set_charset
mysql_real_escape_string

20.9.1.4.3. mysql_close

Copyright 1997-2008 the PHP Documentation Group.

  • mysql_close

    Close MySQL connection

Description

bool mysql_close(resource link_identifier);

mysql_close closes the non-persistent connection to the MySQL server that's associated with the specified link identifier. If link_identifier isn't specified, the last opened link is used.

Using mysql_close isn't usually necessary, as non-persistent open links are automatically closed at the end of the script's execution. See also freeing resources.

Parameters

link_identifier

The MySQL connection. If the link identifier is not specified, the last link opened by mysql_connect is assumed. If no such link is found, it will try to create one as if mysql_connect was called with no arguments. If no connection is found or established, an E_WARNING level error is generated.

Return Values

Returns TRUE on success or FALSE on failure.

Examples

Example 20.17. mysql_close example

<?php
$link = mysql_connect('localhost', 'mysql_user', 'mysql_password');
if (!$link) {
    die('Could not connect: ' . mysql_error());
}
echo 'Connected successfully';
mysql_close($link);
?>

    

The above example will output:



Connected successfully


          

Notes

Note

mysql_close will not close persistent links created by mysql_pconnect.

See Also

mysql_connect
mysql_free_result

20.9.1.4.4. mysql_connect

Copyright 1997-2008 the PHP Documentation Group.

  • mysql_connect

    Open a connection to a MySQL Server

Description

resource mysql_connect(string server= =ini_get("mysql.default_host"),
                       string username= =ini_get("mysql.default_user"),
                       string password= =ini_get("mysql.default_password"),
                       bool new_link= =false,
                       int client_flags= =0);

Opens or reuses a connection to a MySQL server.

Parameters

server

The MySQL server. It can also include a port number. e.g. "hostname:port" or a path to a local socket e.g. ":/path/to/socket" for the localhost.

If the PHP directive mysql.default_host is undefined (default), then the default value is 'localhost:3306'. In SQL safe mode, this parameter is ignored and value 'localhost:3306' is always used.

username

The username. Default value is defined by mysql.default_user. In SQL safe mode, this parameter is ignored and the name of the user that owns the server process is used.

password

The password. Default value is defined by mysql.default_password. In SQL safe mode, this parameter is ignored and empty password is used.

new_link

If a second call is made to mysql_connect with the same arguments, no new link will be established, but instead, the link identifier of the already opened link will be returned. The new_link parameter modifies this behavior and makes mysql_connect always open a new link, even if mysql_connect was called before with the same parameters. In SQL safe mode, this parameter is ignored.

client_flags

The client_flags parameter can be a combination of the following constants: 128 (enable LOAD DATA LOCAL handling), MYSQL_CLIENT_SSL , MYSQL_CLIENT_COMPRESS , MYSQL_CLIENT_IGNORE_SPACE or MYSQL_CLIENT_INTERACTIVE . Read the section about Table 20.5, “MySQL client constants” for further information. In SQL safe mode, this parameter is ignored.

Return Values

Returns a MySQL link identifier on success or FALSE on failure.

Changelog

VersionDescription
4.3.0Added the client_flags parameter.
4.2.0Added the new_link parameter.

Examples

Example 20.18. mysql_connect example

<?php
$link = mysql_connect('localhost', 'mysql_user', 'mysql_password');
if (!$link) {
    die('Could not connect: ' . mysql_error());
}
echo 'Connected successfully';
mysql_close($link);
?>

    

Example 20.19. mysql_connect example using hostname:port syntax

<?php
// we connect to example.com and port 3307
$link = mysql_connect('example.com:3307', 'mysql_user', 'mysql_password');
if (!$link) {
    die('Could not connect: ' . mysql_error());
}
echo 'Connected successfully';
mysql_close($link);

// we connect to localhost at port 3307
$link = mysql_connect('127.0.0.1:3307', 'mysql_user', 'mysql_password');
if (!$link) {
    die('Could not connect: ' . mysql_error());
}
echo 'Connected successfully';
mysql_close($link);
?>

    

Example 20.20. mysql_connect example using ":/path/to/socket" syntax

<?php
// we connect to localhost and socket e.g. /tmp/mysql.sock

//variant 1: ommit localhost
$link = mysql_connect(':/tmp/mysql', 'mysql_user', 'mysql_password');
if (!$link) {
    die('Could not connect: ' . mysql_error());
}
echo 'Connected successfully';
mysql_close($link);


// variant 2: with localhost
$link = mysql_connect('localhost:/tmp/mysql.sock', 'mysql_user', 'mysql_password');
if (!$link) {
    die('Could not connect: ' . mysql_error());
}
echo 'Connected successfully';
mysql_close($link);
?>

    

Notes

Note

Whenever you specify "localhost" or "localhost:port" as server, the MySQL client library will override this and try to connect to a local socket (named pipe on Windows). If you want to use TCP/IP, use "127.0.0.1" instead of "localhost". If the MySQL client library tries to connect to the wrong local socket, you should set the correct path as mysql.default_host string in your PHP configuration and leave the server field blank.

Note

The link to the server will be closed as soon as the execution of the script ends, unless it's closed earlier by explicitly calling mysql_close.

Note

You can suppress the error message on failure by prepending a @ to the function name.

Note

Error "Can't create TCP/IP socket (10106)" usually means that the variables_order configure directive doesn't contain character E. On Windows, if the environment is not copied the SYSTEMROOT environment variable won't be available and PHP will have problems loading Winsock.

See Also

mysql_pconnect
mysql_close

20.9.1.4.5. mysql_create_db

Copyright 1997-2008 the PHP Documentation Group.

  • mysql_create_db

    Create a MySQL database

Description

bool mysql_create_db(string database_name,
                     resource link_identifier);

mysql_create_db attempts to create a new database on the server associated with the specified link identifier.

Parameters

database_name

The name of the database being created.

link_identifier

The MySQL connection. If the link identifier is not specified, the last link opened by mysql_connect is assumed. If no such link is found, it will try to create one as if mysql_connect was called with no arguments. If no connection is found or established, an E_WARNING level error is generated.

Return Values

Returns TRUE on success or FALSE on failure.

Examples

Example 20.21. mysql_create_db alternative example

The function mysql_create_db is deprecated. It is preferable to use mysql_query to issue a sql CREATE DATABASE statement instead.

<?php
$link = mysql_connect('localhost', 'mysql_user', 'mysql_password');
if (!$link) {
    die('Could not connect: ' . mysql_error());
}

$sql = 'CREATE DATABASE my_db';
if (mysql_query($sql, $link)) {
    echo "Database my_db created successfully\n";
} else {
    echo 'Error creating database: ' . mysql_error() . "\n";
}
?>

    

The above example will output something similar to:



Database my_db created successfully


          

Notes

Note

For backward compatibility, the following deprecated alias may be used: mysql_createdb

Note

This function will not be available if the MySQL extension was built against a MySQL 4.x client library.

See Also

mysql_query
mysql_select_db

20.9.1.4.6. mysql_data_seek

Copyright 1997-2008 the PHP Documentation Group.

  • mysql_data_seek

    Move internal result pointer

Description

bool mysql_data_seek(resource result,
                     int row_number);

mysql_data_seek moves the internal row pointer of the MySQL result associated with the specified result identifier to point to the specified row number. The next call to a MySQL fetch function, such as mysql_fetch_assoc, would return that row.

row_number starts at 0. The row_number should be a value in the range from 0 to mysql_num_rows - 1. However if the result set is empty (mysql_num_rows == 0), a seek to 0 will fail with a E_WARNING and mysql_data_seek will return FALSE .

Parameters

result

The result resource that is being evaluated. This result comes from a call to mysql_query.

row_number

The desired row number of the new result pointer.

Return Values

Returns TRUE on success or FALSE on failure.

Examples

Example 20.22. mysql_data_seek example

<?php
$link = mysql_connect('localhost', 'mysql_user', 'mysql_password');
if (!$link) {
    die('Could not connect: ' . mysql_error());
}
$db_selected = mysql_select_db('sample_db');
if (!$db_selected) {
    die('Could not select database: ' . mysql_error());
}
$query = 'SELECT last_name, first_name FROM friends';
$result = mysql_query($query);
if (!$result) {
    die('Query failed: ' . mysql_error());
}
/* fetch rows in reverse order */
for ($i = mysql_num_rows($result) - 1; $i >= 0; $i--) {
    if (!mysql_data_seek($result, $i)) {
        echo "Cannot seek to row $i: " . mysql_error() . "\n";
        continue;
    }

    if (!($row = mysql_fetch_assoc($result))) {
        continue;
    }

    echo $row['last_name'] . ' ' . $row['first_name'] . "<br />\n";
}

mysql_free_result($result);
?>

    

Notes

Note

The function mysql_data_seek can be used in conjunction only with mysql_query, not with mysql_unbuffered_query.

See Also

mysql_query
mysql_num_rows
mysql_fetch_row
mysql_fetch_assoc
mysql_fetch_array
mysql_fetch_object

20.9.1.4.7. mysql_db_name

Copyright 1997-2008 the PHP Documentation Group.

  • mysql_db_name

    Get result data

Description

string mysql_db_name(resource result,
                     int row,
                     mixed field);

Retrieve the database name from a call to mysql_list_dbs.

Parameters

result

The result pointer from a call to mysql_list_dbs.

row

The index into the result set.

field

The field name.

Return Values

Returns the database name on success, and FALSE on failure. If FALSE is returned, use mysql_error to determine the nature of the error.

Examples

Example 20.23. mysql_db_name example

<?php
error_reporting(E_ALL);

$link = mysql_connect('dbhost', 'username', 'password');
$db_list = mysql_list_dbs($link);

$i = 0;
$cnt = mysql_num_rows($db_list);
while ($i < $cnt) {
    echo mysql_db_name($db_list, $i) . "\n";
    $i++;
}
?>

    

Notes

Note

For backward compatibility, the following deprecated alias may be used: mysql_dbname

See Also

mysql_list_dbs
mysql_tablename

20.9.1.4.8. mysql_db_query

Copyright 1997-2008 the PHP Documentation Group.

  • mysql_db_query

    Send a MySQL query

Description

resource mysql_db_query(string database,
                        string query,
                        resource link_identifier);

mysql_db_query selects a database, and executes a query on it.

Warning

This function has been DEPRECATED as of PHP 5.3.0 and REMOVED as of PHP 6.0.0. Relying on this feature is highly discouraged.

Parameters

database

The name of the database that will be selected.

query

The MySQL query.

Data inside the query should be properly escaped.

link_identifier

The MySQL connection. If the link identifier is not specified, the last link opened by mysql_connect is assumed. If no such link is found, it will try to create one as if mysql_connect was called with no arguments. If no connection is found or established, an E_WARNING level error is generated.

Return Values

Returns a positive MySQL result resource to the query result, or FALSE on error. The function also returns TRUE / FALSE for INSERT/UPDATE/DELETE queries to indicate success/failure.

Changelog

VersionDescription
5.3.0This function now throws an E_DEPRECATED notice.
4.0.6This function is deprecated, do not use this function. Use mysql_select_db and mysql_query instead.

Examples

Example 20.24. mysql_db_query alternative example

<?php

if (!$link = mysql_connect('mysql_host', 'mysql_user', 'mysql_password')) {
    echo 'Could not connect to mysql';
    exit;
}

if (!mysql_select_db('mysql_dbname', $link)) {
    echo 'Could not select database';
    exit;
}

$sql    = 'SELECT foo FROM bar WHERE id = 42';
$result = mysql_query($sql, $link);

if (!$result) {
    echo "DB Error, could not query the database\n";
    echo 'MySQL Error: ' . mysql_error();
    exit;
}

while ($row = mysql_fetch_assoc($result)) {
    echo $row['foo'];
}

mysql_free_result($result);

?>

    

Notes

Note

Be aware that this function does NOT switch back to the database you were connected before. In other words, you can't use this function to temporarily run a sql query on another database, you would have to manually switch back. Users are strongly encouraged to use the database.table syntax in their sql queries or mysql_select_db instead of this function.

See Also

mysql_query
mysql_select_db

20.9.1.4.9. mysql_drop_db

Copyright 1997-2008 the PHP Documentation Group.

  • mysql_drop_db

    Drop (delete) a MySQL database

Description

bool mysql_drop_db(string database_name,
                   resource link_identifier);

mysql_drop_db attempts to drop (remove) an entire database from the server associated with the specified link identifier. This function is deprecated, it is preferable to use mysql_query to issue a sql DROP DATABASE statement instead.

Parameters

database_name

The name of the database that will be deleted.

link_identifier

The MySQL connection. If the link identifier is not specified, the last link opened by mysql_connect is assumed. If no such link is found, it will try to create one as if mysql_connect was called with no arguments. If no connection is found or established, an E_WARNING level error is generated.

Return Values

Returns TRUE on success or FALSE on failure.

Examples

Example 20.25. mysql_drop_db alternative example

<?php
$link = mysql_connect('localhost', 'mysql_user', 'mysql_password');
if (!$link) {
    die('Could not connect: ' . mysql_error());
}

$sql = 'DROP DATABASE my_db';
if (mysql_query($sql, $link)) {
    echo "Database my_db was successfully dropped\n";
} else {
    echo 'Error dropping database: ' . mysql_error() . "\n";
}
?>

    

Notes

Warning

This function will not be available if the MySQL extension was built against a MySQL 4.x client library.

Note

For backward compatibility, the following deprecated alias may be used: mysql_dropdb

See Also

mysql_query

20.9.1.4.10. mysql_errno

Copyright 1997-2008 the PHP Documentation Group.

  • mysql_errno

    Returns the numerical value of the error message from previous MySQL operation

Description

int mysql_errno(resource link_identifier);

Returns the error number from the last MySQL function.

Errors coming back from the MySQL database backend no longer issue warnings. Instead, use mysql_errno to retrieve the error code. Note that this function only returns the error code from the most recently executed MySQL function (not including mysql_error and mysql_errno), so if you want to use it, make sure you check the value before calling another MySQL function.

Parameters

link_identifier

The MySQL connection. If the link identifier is not specified, the last link opened by mysql_connect is assumed. If no such link is found, it will try to create one as if mysql_connect was called with no arguments. If no connection is found or established, an E_WARNING level error is generated.

Return Values

Returns the error number from the last MySQL function, or 0 (zero) if no error occurred.

Examples

Example 20.26. mysql_errno example

<?php
$link = mysql_connect("localhost", "mysql_user", "mysql_password");

if (!mysql_select_db("nonexistentdb", $link)) {
    echo mysql_errno($link) . ": " . mysql_error($link). "\n";
}

mysql_select_db("kossu", $link);
if (!mysql_query("SELECT * FROM nonexistenttable", $link)) {
    echo mysql_errno($link) . ": " . mysql_error($link) . "\n";
}
?>

    

The above example will output something similar to:



1049: Unknown database 'nonexistentdb'
1146: Table 'kossu.nonexistenttable' doesn't exist


          

See Also

mysql_error
MySQL error codes

20.9.1.4.11. mysql_error

Copyright 1997-2008 the PHP Documentation Group.

  • mysql_error

    Returns the text of the error message from previous MySQL operation

Description

string mysql_error(resource link_identifier);

Returns the error text from the last MySQL function. Errors coming back from the MySQL database backend no longer issue warnings. Instead, use mysql_error to retrieve the error text. Note that this function only returns the error text from the most recently executed MySQL function (not including mysql_error and mysql_errno), so if you want to use it, make sure you check the value before calling another MySQL function.

Parameters

link_identifier

The MySQL connection. If the link identifier is not specified, the last link opened by mysql_connect is assumed. If no such link is found, it will try to create one as if mysql_connect was called with no arguments. If no connection is found or established, an E_WARNING level error is generated.

Return Values

Returns the error text from the last MySQL function, or '' (empty string) if no error occurred.

Examples

Example 20.27. mysql_error example

<?php
$link = mysql_connect("localhost", "mysql_user", "mysql_password");

mysql_select_db("nonexistentdb", $link);
echo mysql_errno($link) . ": " . mysql_error($link). "\n";

mysql_select_db("kossu", $link);
mysql_query("SELECT * FROM nonexistenttable", $link);
echo mysql_errno($link) . ": " . mysql_error($link) . "\n";
?>

    

The above example will output something similar to:



1049: Unknown database 'nonexistentdb'
1146: Table 'kossu.nonexistenttable' doesn't exist


          

See Also

mysql_errno
MySQL error codes

20.9.1.4.12. mysql_escape_string

Copyright 1997-2008 the PHP Documentation Group.

  • mysql_escape_string

    Escapes a string for use in a mysql_query

Description

string mysql_escape_string(string unescaped_string);

This function will escape the unescaped_string, so that it is safe to place it in a mysql_query. This function is deprecated.

This function is identical to mysql_real_escape_string except that mysql_real_escape_string takes a connection handler and escapes the string according to the current character set. mysql_escape_string does not take a connection argument and does not respect the current charset setting.

Warning

This function has been DEPRECATED as of PHP 5.3.0 and REMOVED as of PHP 6.0.0. Relying on this feature is highly discouraged.

Parameters

unescaped_string

The string that is to be escaped.

Return Values

Returns the escaped string.

Changelog

VersionDescription
5.3.0This function now throws an E_DEPRECATED notice.
4.3.0This function became deprecated, do not use this function. Instead, use mysql_real_escape_string.

Examples

Example 20.28. mysql_escape_string example

<?php
$item = "Zak's Laptop";
$escaped_item = mysql_escape_string($item);
printf("Escaped string: %s\n", $escaped_item);
?>

    

The above example will output:



Escaped string: Zak\'s Laptop


          

Notes

Note

mysql_escape_string does not escape % and _.

See Also

mysql_real_escape_string
addslashes
The magic_quotes_gpc directive.

20.9.1.4.13. mysql_fetch_array

Copyright 1997-2008 the PHP Documentation Group.

  • mysql_fetch_array

    Fetch a result row as an associative array, a numeric array, or both

Description

array mysql_fetch_array(resource result,
                        int result_type= =MYSQL_BOTH);

Returns an array that corresponds to the fetched row and moves the internal data pointer ahead.

Parameters

result

The result resource that is being evaluated. This result comes from a call to mysql_query.

result_type

The type of array that is to be fetched. It's a constant and can take the following values: MYSQL_ASSOC , MYSQL_NUM , and MYSQL_BOTH .

Return Values

Returns an array of strings that corresponds to the fetched row, or FALSE if there are no more rows. The type of returned array depends on how result_type is defined. By using MYSQL_BOTH (default), you'll get an array with both associative and number indices. Using MYSQL_ASSOC , you only get associative indices (as mysql_fetch_assoc works), using MYSQL_NUM , you only get number indices (as mysql_fetch_row works).

If two or more columns of the result have the same field names, the last column will take precedence. To access the other column(s) of the same name, you must use the numeric index of the column or make an alias for the column. For aliased columns, you cannot access the contents with the original column name.

Examples

Example 20.29. Query with aliased duplicate field names

SELECT table1.field AS foo, table2.field AS bar FROM table1, table2

    

Example 20.30. mysql_fetch_array with MYSQL_NUM

<?php
mysql_connect("localhost", "mysql_user", "mysql_password") or
    die("Could not connect: " . mysql_error());
mysql_select_db("mydb");

$result = mysql_query("SELECT id, name FROM mytable");

while ($row = mysql_fetch_array($result, MYSQL_NUM)) {
    printf("ID: %s  Name: %s", $row[0], $row[1]);  
}

mysql_free_result($result);
?>

    

Example 20.31. mysql_fetch_array with MYSQL_ASSOC

<?php
mysql_connect("localhost", "mysql_user", "mysql_password") or
    die("Could not connect: " . mysql_error());
mysql_select_db("mydb");

$result = mysql_query("SELECT id, name FROM mytable");

while ($row = mysql_fetch_array($result, MYSQL_ASSOC)) {
    printf("ID: %s  Name: %s", $row["id"], $row["name"]);
}

mysql_free_result($result);
?>

    

Example 20.32. mysql_fetch_array with MYSQL_BOTH

<?php
mysql_connect("localhost", "mysql_user", "mysql_password") or
    die("Could not connect: " . mysql_error());
mysql_select_db("mydb");

$result = mysql_query("SELECT id, name FROM mytable");

while ($row = mysql_fetch_array($result, MYSQL_BOTH)) {
    printf ("ID: %s  Name: %s", $row[0], $row["name"]);
}

mysql_free_result($result);
?>

    

Notes

Performance

An important thing to note is that using mysql_fetch_array is not significantly slower than using mysql_fetch_row, while it provides a significant added value.

Note

Field names returned by this function are case-sensitive.

Note

This function sets NULL fields to the PHP NULL value.

See Also

mysql_fetch_row
mysql_fetch_assoc
mysql_data_seek
mysql_query

20.9.1.4.14. mysql_fetch_assoc

Copyright 1997-2008 the PHP Documentation Group.

  • mysql_fetch_assoc

    Fetch a result row as an associative array

Description

array mysql_fetch_assoc(resource result);

Returns an associative array that corresponds to the fetched row and moves the internal data pointer ahead. mysql_fetch_assoc is equivalent to calling mysql_fetch_array with MYSQL_ASSOC for the optional second parameter. It only returns an associative array.

Parameters

result

The result resource that is being evaluated. This result comes from a call to mysql_query.

Return Values

Returns an associative array of strings that corresponds to the fetched row, or FALSE if there are no more rows.

If two or more columns of the result have the same field names, the last column will take precedence. To access the other column(s) of the same name, you either need to access the result with numeric indices by using mysql_fetch_row or add alias names. See the example at the mysql_fetch_array description about aliases.

Examples

Example 20.33. An expanded mysql_fetch_assoc example

<?php

$conn = mysql_connect("localhost", "mysql_user", "mysql_password");

if (!$conn) {
    echo "Unable to connect to DB: " . mysql_error();
    exit;
}
  
if (!mysql_select_db("mydbname")) {
    echo "Unable to select mydbname: " . mysql_error();
    exit;
}

$sql = "SELECT id as userid, fullname, userstatus 
        FROM   sometable
        WHERE  userstatus = 1";

$result = mysql_query($sql);

if (!$result) {
    echo "Could not successfully run query ($sql) from DB: " . mysql_error();
    exit;
}

if (mysql_num_rows($result) == 0) {
    echo "No rows found, nothing to print so am exiting";
    exit;
}

// While a row of data exists, put that row in $row as an associative array
// Note: If you're expecting just one row, no need to use a loop
// Note: If you put extract($row); inside the following loop, you'll
//       then create $userid, $fullname, and $userstatus
while ($row = mysql_fetch_assoc($result)) {
    echo $row["userid"];
    echo $row["fullname"];
    echo $row["userstatus"];
}

mysql_free_result($result);

?>

    

Notes

Performance

An important thing to note is that using mysql_fetch_assoc is not significantly slower than using mysql_fetch_row, while it provides a significant added value.

Note

Field names returned by this function are case-sensitive.

Note

This function sets NULL fields to the PHP NULL value.

See Also

mysql_fetch_row
mysql_fetch_array
mysql_data_seek
mysql_query
mysql_error

20.9.1.4.15. mysql_fetch_field

Copyright 1997-2008 the PHP Documentation Group.

  • mysql_fetch_field

    Get column information from a result and return as an object

Description

object mysql_fetch_field(resource result,
                         int field_offset= =0);

Returns an object containing field information. This function can be used to obtain information about fields in the provided query result.

Parameters

result

The result resource that is being evaluated. This result comes from a call to mysql_query.

field_offset

The numerical field offset. If the field offset is not specified, the next field that was not yet retrieved by this function is retrieved. The field_offset starts at 0.

Return Values

Returns an object containing field information. The properties of the object are:

  • name - column name
  • table - name of the table the column belongs to
  • def - default value of the column
  • max_length - maximum length of the column
  • not_null - 1 if the column cannot be NULL
  • primary_key - 1 if the column is a primary key
  • unique_key - 1 if the column is a unique key
  • multiple_key - 1 if the column is a non-unique key
  • numeric - 1 if the column is numeric
  • blob - 1 if the column is a BLOB
  • type - the type of the column
  • unsigned - 1 if the column is unsigned
  • zerofill - 1 if the column is zero-filled

Examples

Example 20.34. mysql_fetch_field example

<?php
$conn = mysql_connect('localhost', 'mysql_user', 'mysql_password');
if (!$conn) {
    die('Could not connect: ' . mysql_error());
}
mysql_select_db('database');
$result = mysql_query('select * from table');
if (!$result) {
    die('Query failed: ' . mysql_error());
}
/* get column metadata */
$i = 0;
while ($i < mysql_num_fields($result)) {
    echo "Information for column $i:<br />\n";
    $meta = mysql_fetch_field($result, $i);
    if (!$meta) {
        echo "No information available<br />\n";
    }
    echo "<pre>
blob:         $meta->blob
max_length:   $meta->max_length
multiple_key: $meta->multiple_key
name:         $meta->name
not_null:     $meta->not_null
numeric:      $meta->numeric
primary_key:  $meta->primary_key
table:        $meta->table
type:         $meta->type
default:      $meta->def
unique_key:   $meta->unique_key
unsigned:     $meta->unsigned
zerofill:     $meta->zerofill
</pre>";
    $i++;
}
mysql_free_result($result);
?>

    

Notes

Note

Field names returned by this function are case-sensitive.

See Also

mysql_field_seek

20.9.1.4.16. mysql_fetch_lengths

Copyright 1997-2008 the PHP Documentation Group.

  • mysql_fetch_lengths

    Get the length of each output in a result

Description

array mysql_fetch_lengths(resource result);

Returns an array that corresponds to the lengths of each field in the last row fetched by MySQL.

mysql_fetch_lengths stores the lengths of each result column in the last row returned by mysql_fetch_row, mysql_fetch_assoc, mysql_fetch_array, and mysql_fetch_object in an array, starting at offset 0.

Parameters

result

The result resource that is being evaluated. This result comes from a call to mysql_query.

Return Values

An array of lengths on success or FALSE on failure.

Examples

Example 20.35. A mysql_fetch_lengths example

<?php
$result = mysql_query("SELECT id,email FROM people WHERE id = '42'");
if (!$result) {
    echo 'Could not run query: ' . mysql_error();
    exit;
}
$row     = mysql_fetch_assoc($result);
$lengths = mysql_fetch_lengths($result);

print_r($row);
print_r($lengths);
?>

    

The above example will output something similar to:



Array
(
    [id] => 42
    [email] => user@example.com
)
Array
(
    [0] => 2
    [1] => 16
)


          

See Also

mysql_field_len
mysql_fetch_row
strlen

20.9.1.4.17. mysql_fetch_object

Copyright 1997-2008 the PHP Documentation Group.

  • mysql_fetch_object

    Fetch a result row as an object

Description

object mysql_fetch_object(resource result,
                          string class_name,
                          array params);

Returns an object with properties that correspond to the fetched row and moves the internal data pointer ahead.

Parameters

result

The result resource that is being evaluated. This result comes from a call to mysql_query.

class_name

The name of the class to instantiate, set the properties of and return. If not specified, a stdClass object is returned.

params

An optional array of parameters to pass to the constructor for class_name objects.

Return Values

Returns an object with string properties that correspond to the fetched row, or FALSE if there are no more rows.

Changelog

VersionDescription
5.0.0Added the ability to return as a different object.

Examples

Example 20.36. mysql_fetch_object example

<?php
mysql_connect("hostname", "user", "password");
mysql_select_db("mydb");
$result = mysql_query("select * from mytable");
while ($row = mysql_fetch_object($result)) {
    echo $row->user_id;
    echo $row->fullname;
}
mysql_free_result($result);
?>

    

Example 20.37. mysql_fetch_object example

<?php
class foo {
    public $name;
}

mysql_connect("hostname", "user", "password");
mysql_select_db("mydb");

$result = mysql_query("select name from mytable limit 1");
$obj = mysql_fetch_object($result, 'foo');
var_dump($obj);
?>

    

Notes

Performance

Speed-wise, the function is identical to mysql_fetch_array, and almost as quick as mysql_fetch_row (the difference is insignificant).

Note

mysql_fetch_object is similar to mysql_fetch_array, with one difference - an object is returned, instead of an array. Indirectly, that means that you can only access the data by the field names, and not by their offsets (numbers are illegal property names).

Note

Field names returned by this function are case-sensitive.

Note

This function sets NULL fields to the PHP NULL value.

See Also

mysql_fetch_array
mysql_fetch_assoc
mysql_fetch_row
mysql_data_seek
mysql_query

20.9.1.4.18. mysql_fetch_row

Copyright 1997-2008 the PHP Documentation Group.

  • mysql_fetch_row

    Get a result row as an enumerated array

Description

array mysql_fetch_row(resource result);

Returns a numerical array that corresponds to the fetched row and moves the internal data pointer ahead.

Parameters

result

The result resource that is being evaluated. This result comes from a call to mysql_query.

Return Values

Returns an numerical array of strings that corresponds to the fetched row, or FALSE if there are no more rows.

mysql_fetch_row fetches one row of data from the result associated with the specified result identifier. The row is returned as an array. Each result column is stored in an array offset, starting at offset 0.

Examples

Example 20.38. Fetching one row with mysql_fetch_row

<?php
$result = mysql_query("SELECT id,email FROM people WHERE id = '42'");
if (!$result) {
    echo 'Could not run query: ' . mysql_error();
    exit;
}
$row = mysql_fetch_row($result);

echo $row[0]; // 42
echo $row[1]; // the email value
?>

    

Notes

Note

This function sets NULL fields to the PHP NULL value.

See Also

mysql_fetch_array
mysql_fetch_assoc
mysql_fetch_object
mysql_data_seek
mysql_fetch_lengths
mysql_result

20.9.1.4.19. mysql_field_flags

Copyright 1997-2008 the PHP Documentation Group.

  • mysql_field_flags

    Get the flags associated with the specified field in a result

Description

string mysql_field_flags(resource result,
                         int field_offset);

mysql_field_flags returns the field flags of the specified field. The flags are reported as a single word per flag separated by a single space, so that you can split the returned value using explode.

Parameters

result

The result resource that is being evaluated. This result comes from a call to mysql_query.

field_offset

The numerical field offset. The field_offset starts at 0. If field_offset does not exist, an error of level E_WARNING is also issued.

Return Values

Returns a string of flags associated with the result or FALSE on failure.

The following flags are reported, if your version of MySQL is current enough to support them: "not_null", "primary_key", "unique_key", "multiple_key", "blob", "unsigned", "zerofill", "binary", "enum", "auto_increment" and "timestamp".

Examples

Example 20.39. A mysql_field_flags example

<?php
$result = mysql_query("SELECT id,email FROM people WHERE id = '42'");
if (!$result) {
    echo 'Could not run query: ' . mysql_error();
    exit;
}
$flags = mysql_field_flags($result, 0);

echo $flags;
print_r(explode(' ', $flags));
?>

    

The above example will output something similar to:



not_null primary_key auto_increment
Array
(
    [0] => not_null
    [1] => primary_key
    [2] => auto_increment
)


          

Notes

Note

For backward compatibility, the following deprecated alias may be used: mysql_fieldflags

See Also

mysql_field_type
mysql_field_len

20.9.1.4.20. mysql_field_len

Copyright 1997-2008 the PHP Documentation Group.

  • mysql_field_len

    Returns the length of the specified field

Description

int mysql_field_len(resource result,
                    int field_offset);

mysql_field_len returns the length of the specified field.

Parameters

result

The result resource that is being evaluated. This result comes from a call to mysql_query.

field_offset

The numerical field offset. The field_offset starts at 0. If field_offset does not exist, an error of level E_WARNING is also issued.

Return Values

The length of the specified field index on success or FALSE on failure.

Examples

Example 20.40. mysql_field_len example

<?php
$result = mysql_query("SELECT id,email FROM people WHERE id = '42'");
if (!$result) {
    echo 'Could not run query: ' . mysql_error();
    exit;
}

// Will get the length of the id field as specified in the database
// schema. 
$length = mysql_field_len($result, 0);
echo $length;
?>

    

Notes

Note

For backward compatibility, the following deprecated alias may be used: mysql_fieldlen

See Also

mysql_fetch_lengths
strlen

20.9.1.4.21. mysql_field_name

Copyright 1997-2008 the PHP Documentation Group.

  • mysql_field_name

    Get the name of the specified field in a result

Description

string mysql_field_name(resource result,
                        int field_offset);

mysql_field_name returns the name of the specified field index.

Parameters

result

The result resource that is being evaluated. This result comes from a call to mysql_query.

field_offset

The numerical field offset. The field_offset starts at 0. If field_offset does not exist, an error of level E_WARNING is also issued.

Return Values

The name of the specified field index on success or FALSE on failure.

Examples

Example 20.41. mysql_field_name example

<?php
/* The users table consists of three fields:
*   user_id
*   username
*   password.
*/
$link = @mysql_connect('localhost', 'mysql_user', 'mysql_password');
if (!$link) {
    die('Could not connect to MySQL server: ' . mysql_error());
}
$dbname = 'mydb';
$db_selected = mysql_select_db($dbname, $link);
if (!$db_selected) {
    die("Could not set $dbname: " . mysql_error());
}
$res = mysql_query('select * from users', $link);

echo mysql_field_name($res, 0) . "\n";
echo mysql_field_name($res, 2);
?>

    

The above example will output:



user_id
password


          

Notes

Note

Field names returned by this function are case-sensitive.

Note

For backward compatibility, the following deprecated alias may be used: mysql_fieldname

See Also

mysql_field_type
mysql_field_len

20.9.1.4.22. mysql_field_seek

Copyright 1997-2008 the PHP Documentation Group.

  • mysql_field_seek

    Set result pointer to a specified field offset

Description

bool mysql_field_seek(resource result,
                      int field_offset);

Seeks to the specified field offset. If the next call to mysql_fetch_field doesn't include a field offset, the field offset specified in mysql_field_seek will be returned.

Parameters

result

The result resource that is being evaluated. This result comes from a call to mysql_query.

field_offset

The numerical field offset. The field_offset starts at 0. If field_offset does not exist, an error of level E_WARNING is also issued.

Return Values

Returns TRUE on success or FALSE on failure.

See Also

mysql_fetch_field

20.9.1.4.23. mysql_field_table

Copyright 1997-2008 the PHP Documentation Group.

  • mysql_field_table

    Get name of the table the specified field is in

Description

string mysql_field_table(resource result,
                         int field_offset);

Returns the name of the table that the specified field is in.

Parameters

result

The result resource that is being evaluated. This result comes from a call to mysql_query.

field_offset

The numerical field offset. The field_offset starts at 0. If field_offset does not exist, an error of level E_WARNING is also issued.

Return Values

The name of the table on success.

Examples

Example 20.42. A mysql_field_table example

<?php

$query = "SELECT account.*, country.* FROM account, country WHERE country.name = 'Portugal' AND account.country_id = country.id";

// get the result from the DB
$result = mysql_query($query);

// Lists the table name and then the field name
for ($i = 0; $i < mysql_num_fields($result); ++$i) {
    $table = mysql_field_table($result, $i);
    $field = mysql_field_name($result, $i);

    echo  "$table: $field\n";
}

?>

    

Notes

Note

For backward compatibility, the following deprecated alias may be used: mysql_fieldtable

See Also

mysql_list_tables

20.9.1.4.24. mysql_field_type

Copyright 1997-2008 the PHP Documentation Group.

  • mysql_field_type

    Get the type of the specified field in a result

Description

string mysql_field_type(resource result,
                        int field_offset);

mysql_field_type is similar to the mysql_field_name function. The arguments are identical, but the field type is returned instead.

Parameters

result

The result resource that is being evaluated. This result comes from a call to mysql_query.

field_offset

The numerical field offset. The field_offset starts at 0. If field_offset does not exist, an error of level E_WARNING is also issued.

Return Values

The returned field type will be one of "int", "real", "string", "blob", and others as detailed in the MySQL documentation.

Examples

Example 20.43. mysql_field_type example

<?php
mysql_connect("localhost", "mysql_username", "mysql_password");
mysql_select_db("mysql");
$result = mysql_query("SELECT * FROM func");
$fields = mysql_num_fields($result);
$rows   = mysql_num_rows($result);
$table  = mysql_field_table($result, 0);
echo "Your '" . $table . "' table has " . $fields . " fields and " . $rows . " record(s)\n";
echo "The table has the following fields:\n";
for ($i=0; $i < $fields; $i++) {
    $type  = mysql_field_type($result, $i);
    $name  = mysql_field_name($result, $i);
    $len   = mysql_field_len($result, $i);
    $flags = mysql_field_flags($result, $i);
    echo $type . " " . $name . " " . $len . " " . $flags . "\n";
}
mysql_free_result($result);
mysql_close();
?>

    

The above example will output something similar to:



Your 'func' table has 4 fields and 1 record(s)
The table has the following fields:
string name 64 not_null primary_key binary
int ret 1 not_null
string dl 128 not_null
string type 9 not_null enum


          

Notes

Note

For backward compatibility, the following deprecated alias may be used: mysql_fieldtype

See Also

mysql_field_name
mysql_field_len

20.9.1.4.25. mysql_free_result

Copyright 1997-2008 the PHP Documentation Group.

  • mysql_free_result

    Free result memory

Description

bool mysql_free_result(resource result);

mysql_free_result will free all memory associated with the result identifier result.

mysql_free_result only needs to be called if you are concerned about how much memory is being used for queries that return large result sets. All associated result memory is automatically freed at the end of the script's execution.

Parameters

result

The result resource that is being evaluated. This result comes from a call to mysql_query.

Return Values

Returns TRUE on success or FALSE on failure.

If a non-resource is used for the result, an error of level E_WARNING will be emitted. It's worth noting that mysql_query only returns a resource for SELECT, SHOW, EXPLAIN, and DESCRIBE queries.

Examples

Example 20.44. A mysql_free_result example

<?php
$result = mysql_query("SELECT id,email FROM people WHERE id = '42'");
if (!$result) {
    echo 'Could not run query: ' . mysql_error();
    exit;
}
/* Use the result, assuming we're done with it afterwards */
$row = mysql_fetch_assoc($result);

/* Now we free up the result and continue on with our script */
mysql_free_result($result);

echo $row['id'];
echo $row['email'];
?>

    

Notes

Note

For backward compatibility, the following deprecated alias may be used: mysql_freeresult

See Also

mysql_query
is_resource

20.9.1.4.26. mysql_get_client_info

Copyright 1997-2008 the PHP Documentation Group.

  • mysql_get_client_info

    Get MySQL client info

Description

string mysql_get_client_info();

mysql_get_client_info returns a string that represents the client library version.

Return Values

The MySQL client version.

Examples

Example 20.45. mysql_get_client_info example

<?php
printf("MySQL client info: %s\n", mysql_get_client_info());
?>

    

The above example will output something similar to:



MySQL client info: 3.23.39


          

See Also

mysql_get_host_info
mysql_get_proto_info
mysql_get_server_info

20.9.1.4.27. mysql_get_host_info

Copyright 1997-2008 the PHP Documentation Group.

  • mysql_get_host_info

    Get MySQL host info

Description

string mysql_get_host_info(resource link_identifier);

Describes the type of connection in use for the connection, including the server host name.

Parameters

link_identifier

The MySQL connection. If the link identifier is not specified, the last link opened by mysql_connect is assumed. If no such link is found, it will try to create one as if mysql_connect was called with no arguments. If no connection is found or established, an E_WARNING level error is generated.

Return Values

Returns a string describing the type of MySQL connection in use for the connection or FALSE on failure.

Examples

Example 20.46. mysql_get_host_info example

<?php
$link = mysql_connect('localhost', 'mysql_user', 'mysql_password');
if (!$link) {
    die('Could not connect: ' . mysql_error());
}
printf("MySQL host info: %s\n", mysql_get_host_info());
?>

    

The above example will output something similar to:



MySQL host info: Localhost via UNIX socket


          

See Also

mysql_get_client_info
mysql_get_proto_info
mysql_get_server_info

20.9.1.4.28. mysql_get_proto_info

Copyright 1997-2008 the PHP Documentation Group.

  • mysql_get_proto_info

    Get MySQL protocol info

Description

int mysql_get_proto_info(resource link_identifier);

Retrieves the MySQL protocol.

Parameters

link_identifier

The MySQL connection. If the link identifier is not specified, the last link opened by mysql_connect is assumed. If no such link is found, it will try to create one as if mysql_connect was called with no arguments. If no connection is found or established, an E_WARNING level error is generated.

Return Values

Returns the MySQL protocol on success or FALSE on failure.

Examples

Example 20.47. mysql_get_proto_info example

<?php
$link = mysql_connect('localhost', 'mysql_user', 'mysql_password');
if (!$link) {
    die('Could not connect: ' . mysql_error());
}
printf("MySQL protocol version: %s\n", mysql_get_proto_info());
?>

    

The above example will output something similar to:



MySQL protocol version: 10


          

See Also

mysql_get_client_info
mysql_get_host_info
mysql_get_server_info

20.9.1.4.29. mysql_get_server_info

Copyright 1997-2008 the PHP Documentation Group.

  • mysql_get_server_info

    Get MySQL server info

Description

string mysql_get_server_info(resource link_identifier);

Retrieves the MySQL server version.

Parameters

link_identifier

The MySQL connection. If the link identifier is not specified, the last link opened by mysql_connect is assumed. If no such link is found, it will try to create one as if mysql_connect was called with no arguments. If no connection is found or established, an E_WARNING level error is generated.

Return Values

Returns the MySQL server version on success or FALSE on failure.

Examples

Example 20.48. mysql_get_server_info example

<?php
$link = mysql_connect('localhost', 'mysql_user', 'mysql_password');
if (!$link) {
    die('Could not connect: ' . mysql_error());
}
printf("MySQL server version: %s\n", mysql_get_server_info());
?>

    

The above example will output something similar to:



MySQL server version: 4.0.1-alpha


          

See Also

mysql_get_client_info
mysql_get_host_info
mysql_get_proto_info
phpversion

20.9.1.4.30. mysql_info

Copyright 1997-2008 the PHP Documentation Group.

  • mysql_info

    Get information about the most recent query

Description

string mysql_info(resource link_identifier);

Returns detailed information about the last query.

Parameters

link_identifier

The MySQL connection. If the link identifier is not specified, the last link opened by mysql_connect is assumed. If no such link is found, it will try to create one as if mysql_connect was called with no arguments. If no connection is found or established, an E_WARNING level error is generated.

Return Values

Returns information about the statement on success, or FALSE on failure. See the example below for which statements provide information, and what the returned value may look like. Statements that are not listed will return FALSE .

Examples

Example 20.49. Relevant MySQL Statements

Statements that return string values. The numbers are only for illustrating purpose; their values will correspond to the query.

INSERT INTO ... SELECT ...
String format: Records: 23 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0 
INSERT INTO ... VALUES (...),(...),(...)...
String format: Records: 37 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0 
LOAD DATA INFILE ...
String format: Records: 42 Deleted: 0 Skipped: 0 Warnings: 0 
ALTER TABLE
String format: Records: 60 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0 
UPDATE
String format: Rows matched: 65 Changed: 65 Warnings: 0

    

Notes

Note

mysql_info returns a non- FALSE value for the INSERT ... VALUES statement only if multiple value lists are specified in the statement.

See Also

mysql_affected_rows
mysql_insert_id
mysql_stat

20.9.1.4.31. mysql_insert_id

Copyright 1997-2008 the PHP Documentation Group.

  • mysql_insert_id

    Get the ID generated in the last query

Description

int mysql_insert_id(resource link_identifier);

Retrieves the ID generated for an AUTO_INCREMENT column by the previous query (usually INSERT).

Parameters

link_identifier

The MySQL connection. If the link identifier is not specified, the last link opened by mysql_connect is assumed. If no such link is found, it will try to create one as if mysql_connect was called with no arguments. If no connection is found or established, an E_WARNING level error is generated.

Return Values

The ID generated for an AUTO_INCREMENT column by the previous query on success, 0 if the previous query does not generate an AUTO_INCREMENT value, or FALSE if no MySQL connection was established.

Examples

Example 20.50. mysql_insert_id example

<?php
$link = mysql_connect('localhost', 'mysql_user', 'mysql_password');
if (!$link) {
    die('Could not connect: ' . mysql_error());
}
mysql_select_db('mydb');

mysql_query("INSERT INTO mytable (product) values ('kossu')");
printf("Last inserted record has id %d\n", mysql_insert_id());
?>

    

Notes

Caution

mysql_insert_id will convert the return type of the native MySQL C API function mysql_insert_id() to a type of long (named int in PHP). If your AUTO_INCREMENT column has a column type of BIGINT (64 bits) the conversion may result in an incorrect value. Instead, use the internal MySQL SQL function LAST_INSERT_ID() in an SQL query. For more information about PHP's maximum integer values, please see the integer documentation.

Note

Because mysql_insert_id acts on the last performed query, be sure to call mysql_insert_id immediately after the query that generates the value.

Note

The value of the MySQL SQL function LAST_INSERT_ID() always contains the most recently generated AUTO_INCREMENT value, and is not reset between queries.

See Also

mysql_query
mysql_info

20.9.1.4.32. mysql_list_dbs

Copyright 1997-2008 the PHP Documentation Group.

  • mysql_list_dbs

    List databases available on a MySQL server

Description

resource mysql_list_dbs(resource link_identifier);

Returns a result pointer containing the databases available from the current mysql daemon.

Parameters

link_identifier

The MySQL connection. If the link identifier is not specified, the last link opened by mysql_connect is assumed. If no such link is found, it will try to create one as if mysql_connect was called with no arguments. If no connection is found or established, an E_WARNING level error is generated.

Return Values

Returns a result pointer resource on success, or FALSE on failure. Use the mysql_tablename function to traverse this result pointer, or any function for result tables, such as mysql_fetch_array.

Examples

Example 20.51. mysql_list_dbs example

<?php
$link = mysql_connect('localhost', 'mysql_user', 'mysql_password');
$db_list = mysql_list_dbs($link);

while ($row = mysql_fetch_object($db_list)) {
     echo $row->Database . "\n";
}
?>

    

The above example will output something similar to:



database1
database2
database3


          

Notes

Note

For backward compatibility, the following deprecated alias may be used: mysql_listdbs

See Also

mysql_db_name
mysql_select_db

20.9.1.4.33. mysql_list_fields

Copyright 1997-2008 the PHP Documentation Group.

  • mysql_list_fields

    List MySQL table fields

Description

resource mysql_list_fields(string database_name,
                           string table_name,
                           resource link_identifier);

Retrieves information about the given table name.

This function is deprecated. It is preferable to use mysql_query to issue a SQL SHOW COLUMNS FROM table [LIKE 'name'] statement instead.

Parameters

database_name

The name of the database that's being queried.

table_name

The name of the table that's being queried.

link_identifier

The MySQL connection. If the link identifier is not specified, the last link opened by mysql_connect is assumed. If no such link is found, it will try to create one as if mysql_connect was called with no arguments. If no connection is found or established, an E_WARNING level error is generated.

Return Values

A result pointer resource on success, or FALSE on failure.

The returned result can be used with mysql_field_flags, mysql_field_len, mysql_field_name and mysql_field_type.

Examples

Example 20.52. Alternate to deprecated mysql_list_fields

<?php
$result = mysql_query("SHOW COLUMNS FROM sometable");
if (!$result) {
    echo 'Could not run query: ' . mysql_error();
    exit;
}
if (mysql_num_rows($result) > 0) {
    while ($row = mysql_fetch_assoc($result)) {
        print_r($row);
    }
}
?>

    

The above example will output something similar to:



Array
(
    [Field] => id
    [Type] => int(7)
    [Null] =>  
    [Key] => PRI
    [Default] =>
    [Extra] => auto_increment
)
Array
(
    [Field] => email
    [Type] => varchar(100)
    [Null] =>
    [Key] =>
    [Default] =>
    [Extra] =>
)


          

Notes

Note

For backward compatibility, the following deprecated alias may be used: mysql_listfields

See Also

mysql_field_flags
mysql_info

20.9.1.4.34. mysql_list_processes

Copyright 1997-2008 the PHP Documentation Group.

  • mysql_list_processes

    List MySQL processes

Description

resource mysql_list_processes(resource link_identifier);

Retrieves the current MySQL server threads.

Parameters

link_identifier

The MySQL connection. If the link identifier is not specified, the last link opened by mysql_connect is assumed. If no such link is found, it will try to create one as if mysql_connect was called with no arguments. If no connection is found or established, an E_WARNING level error is generated.

Return Values

A result pointer resource on success or FALSE on failure.

Examples

Example 20.53. mysql_list_processes example

<?php
$link = mysql_connect('localhost', 'mysql_user', 'mysql_password');

$result = mysql_list_processes($link);
while ($row = mysql_fetch_assoc($result)){
    printf("%s %s %s %s %s\n", $row["Id"], $row["Host"], $row["db"],
        $row["Command"], $row["Time"]);
}
mysql_free_result($result);
?>

    

The above example will output something similar to:



1 localhost test Processlist 0
4 localhost mysql sleep 5


          

See Also

mysql_thread_id
mysql_stat

20.9.1.4.35. mysql_list_tables

Copyright 1997-2008 the PHP Documentation Group.

  • mysql_list_tables

    List tables in a MySQL database

Description

resource mysql_list_tables(string database,
                           resource link_identifier);

Retrieves a list of table names from a MySQL database.

This function is deprecated. It is preferable to use mysql_query to issue a SQL SHOW TABLES [FROM db_name] [LIKE 'pattern'] statement instead.

Parameters

database

The name of the database

link_identifier

The MySQL connection. If the link identifier is not specified, the last link opened by mysql_connect is assumed. If no such link is found, it will try to create one as if mysql_connect was called with no arguments. If no connection is found or established, an E_WARNING level error is generated.

Return Values

A result pointer resource on success or FALSE on failure.

Use the mysql_tablename function to traverse this result pointer, or any function for result tables, such as mysql_fetch_array.

Changelog

VersionDescription
4.3.7This function became deprecated.

Examples

Example 20.54. mysql_list_tables alternative example

<?php
$dbname = 'mysql_dbname';

if (!mysql_connect('mysql_host', 'mysql_user', 'mysql_password')) {
    echo 'Could not connect to mysql';
    exit;
}

$sql = "SHOW TABLES FROM $dbname";
$result = mysql_query($sql);

if (!$result) {
    echo "DB Error, could not list tables\n";
    echo 'MySQL Error: ' . mysql_error();
    exit;
}

while ($row = mysql_fetch_row($result)) {
    echo "Table: {$row[0]}\n";
}

mysql_free_result($result);
?>

    

Notes

Note

For backward compatibility, the following deprecated alias may be used: mysql_listtables

See Also

mysql_list_dbs
mysql_tablename

20.9.1.4.36. mysql_num_fields

Copyright 1997-2008 the PHP Documentation Group.

  • mysql_num_fields

    Get number of fields in result

Description

int mysql_num_fields(resource result);

Retrieves the number of fields from a query.

Parameters

result

The result resource that is being evaluated. This result comes from a call to mysql_query.

Return Values

Returns the number of fields in the result set resource on success or FALSE on failure.

Examples

Example 20.55. A mysql_num_fields example

<?php
$result = mysql_query("SELECT id,email FROM people WHERE id = '42'");
if (!$result) {
    echo 'Could not run query: ' . mysql_error();
    exit;
}

/* returns 2 because id,email === two fields */
echo mysql_num_fields($result);
?>

    

Notes

Note

For backward compatibility, the following deprecated alias may be used: mysql_numfields

See Also

mysql_select_db
mysql_query
mysql_fetch_field
mysql_num_rows

20.9.1.4.37. mysql_num_rows

Copyright 1997-2008 the PHP Documentation Group.

  • mysql_num_rows

    Get number of rows in result

Description

int mysql_num_rows(resource result);

Retrieves the number of rows from a result set. This command is only valid for statements like SELECT or SHOW that return an actual result set. To retrieve the number of rows affected by a INSERT, UPDATE, REPLACE or DELETE query, use mysql_affected_rows.

Parameters

result

The result resource that is being evaluated. This result comes from a call to mysql_query.

Return Values

The number of rows in a result set on success or FALSE on failure.

Examples

Example 20.56. mysql_num_rows example

<?php

$link = mysql_connect("localhost", "mysql_user", "mysql_password");
mysql_select_db("database", $link);

$result = mysql_query("SELECT * FROM table1", $link);
$num_rows = mysql_num_rows($result);

echo "$num_rows Rows\n";

?>

    

Notes

Note

If you use mysql_unbuffered_query, mysql_num_rows will not return the correct value until all the rows in the result set have been retrieved.

Note

For backward compatibility, the following deprecated alias may be used: mysql_numrows

See Also

mysql_affected_rows
mysql_connect
mysql_data_seek
mysql_select_db
mysql_query

20.9.1.4.38. mysql_pconnect

Copyright 1997-2008 the PHP Documentation Group.

  • mysql_pconnect

    Open a persistent connection to a MySQL server

Description

resource mysql_pconnect(string server= =ini_get("mysql.default_host"),
                        string username= =ini_get("mysql.default_user"),
                        string password= =ini_get("mysql.default_password"),
                        int client_flags);

Establishes a persistent connection to a MySQL server.

mysql_pconnect acts very much like mysql_connect with two major differences.

First, when connecting, the function would first try to find a (persistent) link that's already open with the same host, username and password. If one is found, an identifier for it will be returned instead of opening a new connection.

Second, the connection to the SQL server will not be closed when the execution of the script ends. Instead, the link will remain open for future use (mysql_close will not close links established by mysql_pconnect).

This type of link is therefore called 'persistent'.

Parameters

server

The MySQL server. It can also include a port number. e.g. "hostname:port" or a path to a local socket e.g. ":/path/to/socket" for the localhost.

If the PHP directive mysql.default_host is undefined (default), then the default value is 'localhost:3306'

username

The username. Default value is the name of the user that owns the server process.

password

The password. Default value is an empty password.

client_flags

The client_flags parameter can be a combination of the following constants: 128 (enable LOAD DATA LOCAL handling), MYSQL_CLIENT_SSL , MYSQL_CLIENT_COMPRESS , MYSQL_CLIENT_IGNORE_SPACE or MYSQL_CLIENT_INTERACTIVE .

Return Values

Returns a MySQL persistent link identifier on success, or FALSE on failure.

Changelog

VersionDescription
4.3.0Added the client_flags parameter.

Notes

Note

Note, that these kind of links only work if you are using a module version of PHP. See the Persistent Database Connections section for more information.

Warning

Using persistent connections can require a bit of tuning of your Apache and MySQL configurations to ensure that you do not exceed the number of connections allowed by MySQL.

Note

You can suppress the error message on failure by prepending a @ to the function name.

See Also

mysql_connect
Persistent Database Connections

20.9.1.4.39. mysql_ping

Copyright 1997-2008 the PHP Documentation Group.

  • mysql_ping

    Ping a server connection or reconnect if there is no connection

Description

bool mysql_ping(resource link_identifier);

Checks whether or not the connection to the server is working. If it has gone down, an automatic reconnection is attempted. This function can be used by scripts that remain idle for a long while, to check whether or not the server has closed the connection and reconnect if necessary.

Note

Since MySQL 5.0.13, automatic reconnection feature is disabled.

Parameters

link_identifier

The MySQL connection. If the link identifier is not specified, the last link opened by mysql_connect is assumed. If no such link is found, it will try to create one as if mysql_connect was called with no arguments. If no connection is found or established, an E_WARNING level error is generated.

Return Values

Returns TRUE if the connection to the server MySQL server is working, otherwise FALSE .

Examples

Example 20.57. A mysql_ping example

<?php
set_time_limit(0);

$conn = mysql_connect('localhost', 'mysqluser', 'mypass');
$db   = mysql_select_db('mydb');

/* Assuming this query will take a long time */
$result = mysql_query($sql);
if (!$result) {
    echo 'Query #1 failed, exiting.';
    exit;
}

/* Make sure the connection is still alive, if not, try to reconnect */
if (!mysql_ping($conn)) {
    echo 'Lost connection, exiting after query #1';
    exit;
}
mysql_free_result($result);

/* So the connection is still alive, let's run another query */
$result2 = mysql_query($sql2);
?>

    

See Also

mysql_thread_id
mysql_list_processes

20.9.1.4.40. mysql_query

Copyright 1997-2008 the PHP Documentation Group.

  • mysql_query

    Send a MySQL query

Description

resource mysql_query(string query,
                     resource link_identifier);

mysql_query sends a unique query (multiple queries are not supported) to the currently active database on the server that's associated with the specified link_identifier.

Parameters

query

A SQL query

The query string should not end with a semicolon. Data inside the query should be properly escaped.

link_identifier

The MySQL connection. If the link identifier is not specified, the last link opened by mysql_connect is assumed. If no such link is found, it will try to create one as if mysql_connect was called with no arguments. If no connection is found or established, an E_WARNING level error is generated.

Return Values

For SELECT, SHOW, DESCRIBE, EXPLAIN and other statements returning resultset, mysql_query returns a resource on success, or FALSE on error.

For other type of SQL statements, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, DROP, etc, mysql_query returns TRUE on success or FALSE on error.

The returned result resource should be passed to mysql_fetch_array, and other functions for dealing with result tables, to access the returned data.

Use mysql_num_rows to find out how many rows were returned for a SELECT statement or mysql_affected_rows to find out how many rows were affected by a DELETE, INSERT, REPLACE, or UPDATE statement.

mysql_query will also fail and return FALSE if the user does not have permission to access the table(s) referenced by the query.

Examples

Example 20.58. Invalid Query

The following query is syntactically invalid, so mysql_query fails and returns FALSE .

<?php
$result = mysql_query('SELECT * WHERE 1=1');
if (!$result) {
    die('Invalid query: ' . mysql_error());
}

?>

    

Example 20.59. Valid Query

The following query is valid, so mysql_query returns a resource.

<?php
// This could be supplied by a user, for example
$firstname = 'fred';
$lastname  = 'fox';

// Formulate Query
// This is the best way to perform a SQL query
// For more examples, see mysql_real_escape_string()
$query = sprintf("SELECT firstname, lastname, address, age FROM friends WHERE firstname='%s' AND lastname='%s'",
    mysql_real_escape_string($firstname),
    mysql_real_escape_string($lastname));

// Perform Query
$result = mysql_query($query);

// Check result
// This shows the actual query sent to MySQL, and the error. Useful for debugging.
if (!$result) {
    $message  = 'Invalid query: ' . mysql_error() . "\n";
    $message .= 'Whole query: ' . $query;
    die($message);
}

// Use result
// Attempting to print $result won't allow access to information in the resource
// One of the mysql result functions must be used
// See also mysql_result(), mysql_fetch_array(), mysql_fetch_row(), etc.
while ($row = mysql_fetch_assoc($result)) {
    echo $row['firstname'];
    echo $row['lastname'];
    echo $row['address'];
    echo $row['age'];
}

// Free the resources associated with the result set
// This is done automatically at the end of the script
mysql_free_result($result);
?>

    

See Also

mysql_connect
mysql_error
mysql_real_escape_string
mysql_result
mysql_fetch_assoc
mysql_unbuffered_query

20.9.1.4.41. mysql_real_escape_string

Copyright 1997-2008 the PHP Documentation Group.

  • mysql_real_escape_string

    Escapes special characters in a string for use in a SQL statement

Description

string mysql_real_escape_string(string unescaped_string,
                                resource link_identifier);

Escapes special characters in the unescaped_string, taking into account the current character set of the connection so that it is safe to place it in a mysql_query. If binary data is to be inserted, this function must be used.

mysql_real_escape_string calls MySQL's library function mysql_real_escape_string, which prepends backslashes to the following characters: \x00, \n, \r, \, ', " and \x1a.

This function must always (with few exceptions) be used to make data safe before sending a query to MySQL.

Parameters

unescaped_string

The string that is to be escaped.

link_identifier

The MySQL connection. If the link identifier is not specified, the last link opened by mysql_connect is assumed. If no such link is found, it will try to create one as if mysql_connect was called with no arguments. If no connection is found or established, an E_WARNING level error is generated.

Return Values

Returns the escaped string, or FALSE on error.

Examples

Example 20.60. Simple mysql_real_escape_string example

<?php
// Connect
$link = mysql_connect('mysql_host', 'mysql_user', 'mysql_password')
    OR die(mysql_error());

// Query
$query = sprintf("SELECT * FROM users WHERE user='%s' AND password='%s'",
            mysql_real_escape_string($user),
            mysql_real_escape_string($password));
?>

    

Example 20.61. An example SQL Injection Attack

<?php
// Query database to check if there are any matching users
$query = "SELECT * FROM users WHERE user='{$_POST['username']}' AND password='{$_POST['password']}'";
mysql_query($query);

// We didn't check $_POST['password'], it could be anything the user wanted! For example:
$_POST['username'] = 'aidan';
$_POST['password'] = "' OR ''='";

// This means the query sent to MySQL would be:
echo $query;
?>

    

The query sent to MySQL:



SELECT * FROM users WHERE user='aidan' AND password='' OR ''=''


          

This would allow anyone to log in without a valid password.

Notes

Note

A MySQL connection is required before using mysql_real_escape_string otherwise an error of level E_WARNING is generated, and FALSE is returned. If link_identifier isn't defined, the last MySQL connection is used.

Note

If magic_quotes_gpc is enabled, first apply stripslashes to the data. Using this function on data which has already been escaped will escape the data twice.

Note

If this function is not used to escape data, the query is vulnerable to SQL Injection Attacks.

Note

mysql_real_escape_string does not escape % and _. These are wildcards in MySQL if combined with LIKE, GRANT, or REVOKE.

See Also

mysql_client_encoding
addslashes
stripslashes
The magic_quotes_gpc directive
The magic_quotes_runtime directive

20.9.1.4.42. mysql_result

Copyright 1997-2008 the PHP Documentation Group.

  • mysql_result

    Get result data

Description

string mysql_result(resource result,
                    int row,
                    mixed field= =0);

Retrieves the contents of one cell from a MySQL result set.

When working on large result sets, you should consider using one of the functions that fetch an entire row (specified below). As these functions return the contents of multiple cells in one function call, they're MUCH quicker than mysql_result. Also, note that specifying a numeric offset for the field argument is much quicker than specifying a fieldname or tablename.fieldname argument.

Parameters

result

The result resource that is being evaluated. This result comes from a call to mysql_query.

row

The row number from the result that's being retrieved. Row numbers start at 0.

field

The name or offset of the field being retrieved.

It can be the field's offset, the field's name, or the field's table dot field name (tablename.fieldname). If the column name has been aliased ('select foo as bar from...'), use the alias instead of the column name. If undefined, the first field is retrieved.

Return Values

The contents of one cell from a MySQL result set on success, or FALSE on failure.

Examples

Example 20.62. mysql_result example

<?php
$link = mysql_connect('localhost', 'mysql_user', 'mysql_password');
if (!$link) {
    die('Could not connect: ' . mysql_error());
}
if (!mysql_select_db('database_name')) {
    die('Could not select database: ' . mysql_error());
}
$result = mysql_query('SELECT name FROM work.employee');
if (!$result) {
    die('Could not query:' . mysql_error());
}
echo mysql_result($result, 2); // outputs third employee's name

mysql_close($link);
?>

    

Notes

Note

Calls to mysql_result should not be mixed with calls to other functions that deal with the result set.

See Also

mysql_fetch_row
mysql_fetch_array
mysql_fetch_assoc
mysql_fetch_object

20.9.1.4.43. mysql_select_db

Copyright 1997-2008 the PHP Documentation Group.

  • mysql_select_db

    Select a MySQL database

Description

bool mysql_select_db(string database_name,
                     resource link_identifier);

Sets the current active database on the server that's associated with the specified link identifier. Every subsequent call to mysql_query will be made on the active database.

Parameters

database_name

The name of the database that is to be selected.

link_identifier

The MySQL connection. If the link identifier is not specified, the last link opened by mysql_connect is assumed. If no such link is found, it will try to create one as if mysql_connect was called with no arguments. If no connection is found or established, an E_WARNING level error is generated.

Return Values

Returns TRUE on success or FALSE on failure.

Examples

Example 20.63. mysql_select_db example

<?php

$link = mysql_connect('localhost', 'mysql_user', 'mysql_password');
if (!$link) {
    die('Not connected : ' . mysql_error());
}

// make foo the current db
$db_selected = mysql_select_db('foo', $link);
if (!$db_selected) {
    die ('Can\'t use foo : ' . mysql_error());
}
?>

    

Notes

Note

For backward compatibility, the following deprecated alias may be used: mysql_selectdb

See Also

mysql_connect
mysql_pconnect
mysql_query

20.9.1.4.44. mysql_set_charset

Copyright 1997-2008 the PHP Documentation Group.

  • mysql_set_charset

    Sets the client character set

Description

bool mysql_set_charset(string charset,
                       resource link_identifier);

Sets the default character set for the current connection.

Parameters

charset

A valid character set name.

link_identifier

The MySQL connection. If the link identifier is not specified, the last link opened by mysql_connect is assumed. If no such link is found, it will try to create one as if mysql_connect was called with no arguments. If no connection is found or established, an E_WARNING level error is generated.

Return Values

Returns TRUE on success or FALSE on failure.

Notes

Note

This function requires MySQL 5.0.7 or later.

Note

This is the preferred way to change the charset. Using mysql_query to execute SET NAMES .. is not recommended.

See Also

mysql_client_encoding
List of character sets that MySQL supports

20.9.1.4.45. mysql_stat

Copyright 1997-2008 the PHP Documentation Group.

  • mysql_stat

    Get current system status

Description

string mysql_stat(resource link_identifier);

mysql_stat returns the current server status.

Parameters

link_identifier

The MySQL connection. If the link identifier is not specified, the last link opened by mysql_connect is assumed. If no such link is found, it will try to create one as if mysql_connect was called with no arguments. If no connection is found or established, an E_WARNING level error is generated.

Return Values

Returns a string with the status for uptime, threads, queries, open tables, flush tables and queries per second. For a complete list of other status variables, you have to use the SHOW STATUS SQL command. If link_identifier is invalid, NULL is returned.

Examples

Example 20.64. mysql_stat example

<?php
$link   = mysql_connect('localhost', 'mysql_user', 'mysql_password');
$status = explode('  ', mysql_stat($link));
print_r($status);
?>

    

The above example will output something similar to:



Array
(
    [0] => Uptime: 5380
    [1] => Threads: 2
    [2] => Questions: 1321299
    [3] => Slow queries: 0
    [4] => Opens: 26
    [5] => Flush tables: 1
    [6] => Open tables: 17
    [7] => Queries per second avg: 245.595
)


          

Example 20.65. Alternative mysql_stat example

<?php
$link   = mysql_connect('localhost', 'mysql_user', 'mysql_password');
$result = mysql_query('SHOW STATUS', $link);
while ($row = mysql_fetch_assoc($result)) {
    echo $row['Variable_name'] . ' = ' . $row['Value'] . "\n";
}
?>

    

The above example will output something similar to:



back_log = 50
basedir = /usr/local/
bdb_cache_size = 8388600
bdb_log_buffer_size = 32768
bdb_home = /var/db/mysql/
bdb_max_lock = 10000
bdb_logdir =
bdb_shared_data = OFF
bdb_tmpdir = /var/tmp/
...


          

See Also

mysql_get_server_info
mysql_list_processes

20.9.1.4.46. mysql_tablename

Copyright 1997-2008 the PHP Documentation Group.

  • mysql_tablename

    Get table name of field

Description

string mysql_tablename(resource result,
                       int i);

Retrieves the table name from a result.

This function deprecated. It is preferable to use mysql_query to issue a SQL SHOW TABLES [FROM db_name] [LIKE 'pattern'] statement instead.

Parameters

result

A result pointer resource that's returned from mysql_list_tables.

i

The integer index (row/table number)

Return Values

The name of the table on success or FALSE on failure.

Use the mysql_tablename function to traverse this result pointer, or any function for result tables, such as mysql_fetch_array.

Examples

Example 20.66. mysql_tablename example

<?php
mysql_connect("localhost", "mysql_user", "mysql_password");
$result = mysql_list_tables("mydb");
$num_rows = mysql_num_rows($result);
for ($i = 0; $i < $num_rows; $i++) {
    echo "Table: ", mysql_tablename($result, $i), "\n";
}

mysql_free_result($result);
?>

    

Notes

Note

The mysql_num_rows function may be used to determine the number of tables in the result pointer.

See Also

mysql_list_tables
mysql_field_table
mysql_db_name

20.9.1.4.47. mysql_thread_id

Copyright 1997-2008 the PHP Documentation Group.

  • mysql_thread_id

    Return the current thread ID

Description

int mysql_thread_id(resource link_identifier);

Retrieves the current thread ID. If the connection is lost, and a reconnect with mysql_ping is executed, the thread ID will change. This means only retrieve the thread ID when needed.

Parameters

link_identifier

The MySQL connection. If the link identifier is not specified, the last link opened by mysql_connect is assumed. If no such link is found, it will try to create one as if mysql_connect was called with no arguments. If no connection is found or established, an E_WARNING level error is generated.

Return Values

The thread ID on success or FALSE on failure.

Examples

Example 20.67. mysql_thread_id example

<?php
$link = mysql_connect('localhost', 'mysql_user', 'mysql_password');
$thread_id = mysql_thread_id($link);
if ($thread_id){
    printf("current thread id is %d\n", $thread_id);
}
?>

    

The above example will output something similar to:



current thread id is 73


          

See Also

mysql_ping
mysql_list_processes

20.9.1.4.48. mysql_unbuffered_query

Copyright 1997-2008 the PHP Documentation Group.

  • mysql_unbuffered_query

    Send an SQL query to MySQL without fetching and buffering the result rows.

Description

resource mysql_unbuffered_query(string query,
                                resource link_identifier);

mysql_unbuffered_query sends the SQL query query to MySQL without automatically fetching and buffering the result rows as mysql_query does. This saves a considerable amount of memory with SQL queries that produce large result sets, and you can start working on the result set immediately after the first row has been retrieved as you don't have to wait until the complete SQL query has been performed. To use mysql_unbuffered_query while multiple database connections are open, you must specify the optional parameter link_identifier to identify which connection you want to use.

Parameters

query

The SQL query to execute.

Data inside the query should be properly escaped.

link_identifier

The MySQL connection. If the link identifier is not specified, the last link opened by mysql_connect is assumed. If no such link is found, it will try to create one as if mysql_connect was called with no arguments. If no connection is found or established, an E_WARNING level error is generated.

Return Values

For SELECT, SHOW, DESCRIBE or EXPLAIN statements, mysql_unbuffered_query returns a resource on success, or FALSE on error.

For other type of SQL statements, UPDATE, DELETE, DROP, etc, mysql_unbuffered_query returns TRUE on success or FALSE on error.

Notes

Note

The benefits of mysql_unbuffered_query come at a cost: you cannot use mysql_num_rows and mysql_data_seek on a result set returned from mysql_unbuffered_query. You also have to fetch all result rows from an unbuffered SQL query before you can send a new SQL query to MySQL.

See Also

mysql_query

20.9.2. MySQL Improved Extension (Mysqli)

Copyright 1997-2008 the PHP Documentation Group.

The mysqli extension allows you to access the functionality provided by MySQL 4.1 and above. More information about the MySQL Database server can be found at http://www.mysql.com/

An overview of software available for using MySQL from PHP can be found at Section 20.9.2.2, “Overview”

Documentation for MySQL can be found at http://dev.mysql.com/doc/.

Parts of this documentation included from MySQL manual with permissions of Sun Microsystems, Inc.

20.9.2.1. Examples

Copyright 1997-2008 the PHP Documentation Group.

All examples in the mysqli documentation use the world database from Sun Microsystems, Inc. The world database can be found at http://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/Manual/world.sql.gz/from/pick

20.9.2.2. Overview

Copyright 1997-2008 the PHP Documentation Group.

This section provides an introduction to the options available to you when developing a PHP application that needs to interact with a MySQL database.

What is an API?

An Application Programming Interface, or API, defines the classes, methods, functions and variables that your application will need to call in order to carry out its desired task. In the case of PHP applications that need to communicate with databases the necessary APIs are usually exposed via PHP extensions.

APIs can be procedural or object-oriented. With a procedural API you call functions to carry out tasks, with the object-oriented API you instantiate classes and then call methods on the resulting objects. Of the two the latter is usually the preferred interface, as it is more modern and leads to better organised code.

When writing PHP applications that need to connect to the MySQL server there are several API options available. This document discusses what is available and how to select the best solution for your application.

What is a Connector?

In the MySQL documentation, the term connector refers to a piece of software that allows your application to connect to the MySQL database server. MySQL provides connectors for a variety of languages, including PHP.

If your PHP application needs to communicate with a database server you will need to write PHP code to perform such activities as connecting to the database server, querying the database and other database-related functions. Software is required to provide the API that your PHP application will use, and also handle the communication between your application and the database server, possibly using other intermediate libraries where necessary. This software is known generically as a connector, as it allows your application to connect to a database server.

What is a Driver?

A driver is a piece of software designed to communicate with a specific type of database server. The driver may also call a library, such as the MySQL Client Library or the MySQL Native Driver. These libraries implement the low-level protocol used to communicate with the MySQL database server.

By way of an example, the PHP Data Objects (PDO) database abstraction layer may use one of several database-specific drivers. One of the drivers it has available is the PDO MYSQL driver, which allows it to interface with the MySQL server.

Sometimes people use the terms connector and driver interchangeably, this can be confusing. In the MySQL-related documentation the term “driver” is reserved for software that provides the database-specific part of a connector package.

What is an Extension?

In the PHP documentation you will come across another term - extension. The PHP code consists of a core, with optional extensions to the core functionality. PHP's MySQL-related extensions, such as the mysqli extension, and the mysql extension, are implemented using the PHP extension framework.

An extension typically exposes an API to the PHP programmer, to allow its facilities to be used programmatically. However, some extensions which use the PHP extension framework do not expose an API to the PHP programmer.

The PDO MySQL driver extension, for example, does not expose an API to the PHP programmer, but provides an interface to the PDO layer above it.

The terms API and extension should not be taken to mean the same thing, as an extension may not necessarily expose an API to the programmer.

What are the main PHP API offerings for using MySQL?

There are three main API options when considering connecting to a MySQL database server:

  • PHP's MySQL Extension

  • PHP's mysqli Extension

  • PHP Data Objects (PDO)

Each has its own advantages and disadvantages. The following discussion aims to give a brief introduction to the key aspects of each API.

What is PHP's MySQL Extension?

This is the original extension designed to allow you to develop PHP applications that interact with a MySQL database. The mysql extension provides a procedural interface and is intended for use only with MySQL versions older than 4.1.3. This extension can be used with versions of MySQL 4.1.3 or newer, but not all of the latest MySQL server features will be available.

Note

If you are using MySQL versions 4.1.3 or later it is strongly recommended that you use the mysqli extension instead.

The mysql extension source code is located in the PHP extension directory ext/mysql.

For further information on the mysql extension, see Section 20.9.1, “MySQL”.

What is PHP's mysqli Extension?

The mysqli extension, or as it is sometimes known, the MySQL improved extension, was developed to take advantage of new features found in MySQL systems versions 4.1.3 and newer. The mysqli extension is included with PHP versions 5 and later.

The mysqli extension has a number of benefits, the key enhancements over the mysql extension being:

  • Object-oriented interface

  • Support for Prepared Statements

  • Support for Multiple Statements

  • Support for Transactions

  • Enhanced debugging capabilities

  • Embedded server support

Note

If you are using MySQL versions 4.1.3 or later it is strongly recommended that you use this extension.

As well as the object-oriented interface the extension also provides a procedural interface.

The mysqli extension is built using the PHP extension framework, its source code is located in the directory ext/mysqli.

For further information on the mysqli extension, see Section 20.9.2, “MySQL Improved Extension (Mysqli)”.

What is PDO?

PHP Data Objects, or PDO, is a database abstraction layer specifically for PHP applications. PDO provides a consistent API for your PHP application regardless of the type of database server your application will connect to. In theory, if you are using the PDO API, you could switch the database server you used, from say Firebird to MySQL, and only need to make minor changes to your PHP code.

Other examples of database abstraction layers include JDBC for Java applications and DBI for Perl.

While PDO has its advantages, such as a clean, simple, portable API, its main disadvantage is that it doesn't allow you to use all of the advanced features that are available in the latest versions of MySQL server. For example, PDO does not allow you to use MySQL's support for Multiple Statements.

PDO is implemented using the PHP extension framework, its source code is located in the directory ext/pdo.

For further information on PDO, see the Section 20.9.4, “MySQL Functions (PDO_MYSQL)”.

What is the PDO MYSQL driver?

The PDO MYSQL driver is not an API as such, at least from the PHP programmer's perspective. In fact the PDO MYSQL driver sits in the layer below PDO itself and provides MySQL-specific functionality. The programmer still calls the PDO API, but PDO uses the PDO MYSQL driver to carry out communication with the MySQL server.

The PDO MYSQL driver is one of several available PDO drivers. Other PDO drivers available include those for the Firebird and PostgreSQL database servers.

The PDO MYSQL driver is implemented using the PHP extension framework. Its source code is located in the directory ext/pdo_mysql. It does not expose an API to the PHP programmer.

For further information on the PDO MYSQL driver, see Section 20.9.4, “MySQL Functions (PDO_MYSQL)”.

What is PHP's MySQL Native Driver?

In order to communicate with the MySQL database server the mysql extension, mysqli and the PDO MYSQL driver each use a low-level library that implements the required protocol. In the past, the only available library was the MySQL Client Library, otherwise known as libmysql.

However, the interface presented by libmysql was not optimized for communication with PHP applications, as libmysql was originally designed with C applications in mind. For this reason the MySQL Native Driver, mysqlnd, was developed as an alternative to libmysql for PHP applications.

The mysql extension, the mysqli extension and the PDO MySQL driver can each be individually configured to use either libmysql or mysqlnd. As mysqlnd is designed specifically to be utilised in the PHP system it has numerous memory and speed enhancements over libmysql. You are strongly encouraged to take advantage of these improvements.

Note

The MySQL Native Driver can only be used with MySQL server versions 4.1.3 and later.

The MySQL Native Driver is implemented using the PHP extension framework. The source code is located in ext/mysqlnd. It does not expose an API to the PHP programmer.

Comparison of Features

The following table compares the functionality of the three main methods of connecting to MySQL from PHP:

 PHP's mysqli ExtensionPDO (Using PDO MySQL Driver and MySQL Native Driver)PHP's MySQL Extension
PHP version introduced5.05.0Prior to 3.0
Included with PHP 5.xyesyesYes
Comes with PHP 6.0YesYesYes
MySQL development statusActive developmentActive development as of PHP 5.3Maintenance only
Recommended by MySQL for new projectsYes - preferred optionYesNo
API supports CharsetsYesYesNo
API supports server-side Prepared StatementsYesYesNo
API supports client-side Prepared StatementsNoYesNo
API supports Stored ProceduresYesYesNo
API supports Multiple StatementsYesMostNo
Supports all MySQL 4.1+ functionalityYesMostNo

20.9.2.3. Installing/Configuring

Copyright 1997-2008 the PHP Documentation Group.

20.9.2.3.1. Requirements

Copyright 1997-2008 the PHP Documentation Group.

In order to have these functions available, you must compile PHP with support for the mysqli extension.

Note

The mysqli extension is designed to work with MySQL version 4.1.13 or newer, or 5.0.7 or newer. For previous versions, please see the MySQL extension documentation.

20.9.2.3.2. Installation

Copyright 1997-2008 the PHP Documentation Group.

As of PHP 5.0, MySQL support is no longer enabled by default with the standard PHP distributions. This means PHP needs to be explicitly configured to take advantage of the MySQL extensions.

The common Unix distributions include binary versions of PHP that can be installed. Although these binary versions are typically built with support for MySQL extensions enabled, the extension libraries themselves may need to be installed using an additional package. Check the package manager than comes with your chosen distribution for availability.

Unless your Unix distribution comes with a binary package of PHP with the mysqli extension available, you will need to build PHP from source code. Building PHP from source allows you to specify the MySQL extensions you want to use, as well as your choice of client library for each extension.

To ensure that the mysqli extension for PHP is enabled, you will need to configure the PHP source code to use mysqli. This is achieved by running the configure script with the option --with-mysqli=mysql_config_path/mysql_config, prior to building PHP. This will enable mysqli and it will use the MySQL Client Library (libmysql) to communicate with the MySQL Server.

Note

The mysql_config_path represents the location of the mysql_config program that comes with MySQL Server.

With versions of PHP 5.3 and newer, you can alternatively use the new MySQL Native Driver with mysqli. This gives a number of benefits over using libmysql.

To use MySQL Native Driver with mysqli you need to configure the PHP source code using the --with-mysqli=mysqlnd option, prior to building PHP.

This is the recommended option, as using the MySQL Native Driver results in improved performance and gives access to features not available when using the MySQL Client Library. Refer to What is PHP's MySQL Native Driver? for a brief overview of the advantages of MySQL Native Driver.

Note that it is possible to freely mix MySQL extensions and client libraries. For example, it is possible to enable the MySQL extension to use the MySQL Client Library (libmysql), while configuring the mysqli extension to use the MySQL Native Driver. However, all permutations of extension and client library are possible.

The following example builds the MySQL extension to use the MySQL Client Library, and the mysqli and PDO MYSQL extensions to use the MySQL Native Driver:

20.9.2.3.2.1. Installation on Windows Systems

Copyright 1997-2008 the PHP Documentation Group.

On Windows, PHP is most commonly installed using the binary installer. Once PHP has been installed, some configuration is required to enable mysqli and specify the client library you want it to use.

As mentioned earlier, the mysqli extension is not enabled by default, so the php_mysqli.dll DLL must be enabled inside of php.ini. In order to do this you need to find the php.ini file (typically located in c:\php), and make sure you remove the comment (semi-colon) from the start of the line extension=php_mysqli.dll, in the section marked [PHP_MYSQLI].

Also, if you want to use the MySQL Client Library with mysqli, you need to make sure PHP can access the client library file. The MySQL Client Library is included as a file named libmysql.dll in the Windows PHP distribution. This file needs to be available in the Windows system's PATH environment variable, so that it can be successfully loaded. See the FAQ titled "How do I add my PHP directory to the PATH on Windows" for information on how to do this. Copying libmysql.dll to the Windows system directory (typically c:\Windows\system) also works, as the system directory is by default in the system's PATH. However, this practice is strongly discouraged.

On Windows, for PHP versions 5.3 and newer, the mysqli extension uses the MySQL Native Driver by default. This means you don't need to worry about configuring access to libmysql.dll, you just need to make sure the extension is enabled in the php.ini file.

As with enabling any PHP extension (such as php_mysqli.dll), the PHP directive extension_dir should be set to the directory where the PHP extensions are located. See also the Manual Windows Installation Instructions. An example extension_dir value for PHP 5 is c:\php\ext.

Note

If when starting the web server an error similar to the following occurs: "Unable to load dynamic library './php_mysqli.dll'", this is because php_mysqli.dll and/or libmysql.dll cannot be found by the system.

20.9.2.3.3. Runtime Configuration

Copyright 1997-2008 the PHP Documentation Group.

The behaviour of these functions is affected by settings in php.ini.

Table 20.7. MySQLi Configuration Options

NameDefaultChangeableChangelog
mysqli.allow_persistent"1"PHP_INI_SYSTEMAvailable since PHP 5.3.0.
mysqli.max_persistent"-1"PHP_INI_SYSTEMAvailable since PHP 5.3.0.
mysqli.max_links"-1"PHP_INI_SYSTEMAvailable since PHP 5.0.0.
mysqli.default_port"3306"PHP_INI_ALLAvailable since PHP 5.0.0.
mysqli.default_socketNULLPHP_INI_ALLAvailable since PHP 5.0.0.
mysqli.default_hostNULLPHP_INI_ALLAvailable since PHP 5.0.0.
mysqli.default_userNULLPHP_INI_ALLAvailable since PHP 5.0.0.
mysqli.default_pwNULLPHP_INI_ALLAvailable since PHP 5.0.0.
mysqli.reconnect"0"PHP_INI_SYSTEMAvailable since PHP 4.3.5.
mysqli.allow_local_infile"1"PHP_INI_SYSTEMAvailable since PHP 5.2.4.
mysqli.cache_size"2000"PHP_INI_SYSTEMAvailable since PHP 5.3.0.

For further details and definitions of the above PHP_INI_* constants, see the chapter on configuration changes.

Here's a short explanation of the configuration directives.

mysqli.allow_persistent integer

Enable the ability to create persistent connections using mysqli_connect.

mysqli.max_persistent integer

Maximum of persistent connections that can be made. Set to 0 for unlimited.

mysqli.max_links integer

The maximum number of MySQL connections per process.

mysqli.default_port integer

The default TCP port number to use when connecting to the database server if no other port is specified. If no default is specified, the port will be obtained from the MYSQL_TCP_PORT environment variable, the mysql-tcp entry in /etc/services or the compile-time MYSQL_PORT constant, in that order. Win32 will only use the MYSQL_PORT constant.

mysqli.default_socket string

The default socket name to use when connecting to a local database server if no other socket name is specified.

mysqli.default_host string

The default server host to use when connecting to the database server if no other host is specified. Doesn't apply in safe mode.

mysqli.default_user string

The default user name to use when connecting to the database server if no other name is specified. Doesn't apply in safe mode.

mysqli.default_pw string

The default password to use when connecting to the database server if no other password is specified. Doesn't apply in safe mode.

mysqli.reconnect integer

Automatically reconnect if the connection was lost.

mysqli.allow_local_infile integer

mysqli.cache_size integer

Available only with mysqlnd.

20.9.2.3.4. Resource Types

Copyright 1997-2008 the PHP Documentation Group.

This extension has no resource types defined.

20.9.2.4. The mysqli Extension and Persistent Connections

Copyright 1997-2008 the PHP Documentation Group.

Persistent connection support was introduced in PHP 5.3 for the mysqli extension. Support was already present in PDO MYSQL and ext/mysql. The idea behind persistent connections is that a connection between a client process and a database can be reused by a client process, rather than being created and destroyed multiple times. This reduces the overhead of creating fresh connections every time one is required, as unused connections are cached and ready to be reused.

Unlike the mysql extension, mysqli does not provide a separate function for opening persistent connections. To open a persistent connection you must prepend p: to the hostname when connecting.

The problem with persistent connections is that they can be left in unpredictable states by clients. For example, a table lock might be activated before a client terminates unexpectedly. A new client process reusing this persistent connection will get the connection “as is”. Any cleanup would need to be done by the new client process before it could make good use of the persistent connection, increasing the burden on the programmer.

The persistent connection of the mysqli extension however provides built-in cleanup handling code. The cleanup carried out by mysqli includes:

  • Rollback active transactions

  • Close and drop temporary tables

  • Unlock tables

  • Reset session variables

  • Close prepared statements (always happens with PHP)

  • Close handler

  • Release locks acquired with GET_LOCK

This ensures that persistent connections are in a clean state on return from the connection pool, before the client process uses them.

The mysqli extension does this cleanup by automatically calling the C-API function mysql_change_user().

The automatic cleanup feature has advantages and disadvantages though. The advantage is that the programmer no longer needs to worry about adding cleanup code, as it is called automatically. However, the disadvantage is that the code could potentially be a little slower, as the code to perform the cleanup needs to run each time a connection is returned from the connection pool.

It is possible to switch off the automatic cleanup code, by compiling PHP with MYSQLI_NO_CHANGE_USER_ON_PCONNECT defined.

Note

The mysqli extension supports persistent connections when using either MySQL Native Driver or MySQL Client Library.

20.9.2.5. Predefined Constants

Copyright 1997-2008 the PHP Documentation Group.

MYSQLI_READ_DEFAULT_GROUP

Read options from the named group from my.cnf or the file specified with MYSQLI_READ_DEFAULT_FILE

MYSQLI_READ_DEFAULT_FILE

Read options from the named option file instead of from my.cnf

MYSQLI_OPT_CONNECT_TIMEOUT

Connect timeout in seconds

MYSQLI_OPT_LOCAL_INFILE

Enables command LOAD LOCAL INFILE

MYSQLI_INIT_COMMAND

Command to execute when connecting to MySQL server. Will automatically be re-executed when reconnecting.

MYSQLI_CLIENT_SSL

Use SSL (encrypted protocol). This option should not be set by application programs; it is set internally in the MySQL client library

MYSQLI_CLIENT_COMPRESS

Use compression protocol

MYSQLI_CLIENT_INTERACTIVE

Allow interactive_timeout seconds (instead of wait_timeout seconds) of inactivity before closing the connection. The client's session wait_timeout variable will be set to the value of the session interactive_timeout variable.

MYSQLI_CLIENT_IGNORE_SPACE

Allow spaces after function names. Makes all functions names reserved words.

MYSQLI_CLIENT_NO_SCHEMA

Don't allow the db_name.tbl_name.col_name syntax.

MYSQLI_CLIENT_MULTI_QUERIES

Allows multiple semicolon-delimited queries in a single mysqli_query call.

MYSQLI_STORE_RESULT

For using buffered resultsets

MYSQLI_USE_RESULT

For using unbuffered resultsets

MYSQLI_ASSOC

Columns are returned into the array having the fieldname as the array index.

MYSQLI_NUM

Columns are returned into the array having an enumerated index.

MYSQLI_BOTH

Columns are returned into the array having both a numerical index and the fieldname as the associative index.

MYSQLI_NOT_NULL_FLAG

Indicates that a field is defined as NOT NULL

MYSQLI_PRI_KEY_FLAG

Field is part of a primary index

MYSQLI_UNIQUE_KEY_FLAG

Field is part of a unique index.

MYSQLI_MULTIPLE_KEY_FLAG

Field is part of an index.

MYSQLI_BLOB_FLAG

Field is defined as BLOB

MYSQLI_UNSIGNED_FLAG

Field is defined as UNSIGNED

MYSQLI_ZEROFILL_FLAG

Field is defined as ZEROFILL

MYSQLI_AUTO_INCREMENT_FLAG

Field is defined as AUTO_INCREMENT

MYSQLI_TIMESTAMP_FLAG

Field is defined as TIMESTAMP

MYSQLI_SET_FLAG

Field is defined as SET

MYSQLI_NUM_FLAG

Field is defined as NUMERIC

MYSQLI_PART_KEY_FLAG

Field is part of an multi-index

MYSQLI_GROUP_FLAG

Field is part of GROUP BY

MYSQLI_TYPE_DECIMAL

Field is defined as DECIMAL

MYSQLI_TYPE_NEWDECIMAL

Precision math DECIMAL or NUMERIC field (MySQL 5.0.3 and up)

MYSQLI_TYPE_BIT

Field is defined as BIT (MySQL 5.0.3 and up)

MYSQLI_TYPE_TINY

Field is defined as TINYINT

MYSQLI_TYPE_SHORT

Field is defined as SMALLINT

MYSQLI_TYPE_LONG

Field is defined as INT

MYSQLI_TYPE_FLOAT

Field is defined as FLOAT

MYSQLI_TYPE_DOUBLE

Field is defined as DOUBLE

MYSQLI_TYPE_NULL

Field is defined as DEFAULT NULL

MYSQLI_TYPE_TIMESTAMP

Field is defined as TIMESTAMP

MYSQLI_TYPE_LONGLONG

Field is defined as BIGINT

MYSQLI_TYPE_INT24

Field is defined as MEDIUMINT

MYSQLI_TYPE_DATE

Field is defined as DATE

MYSQLI_TYPE_TIME

Field is defined as TIME

MYSQLI_TYPE_DATETIME

Field is defined as DATETIME

MYSQLI_TYPE_YEAR

Field is defined as YEAR

MYSQLI_TYPE_NEWDATE

Field is defined as DATE

MYSQLI_TYPE_INTERVAL

Field is defined as INTERVAL

MYSQLI_TYPE_ENUM

Field is defined as ENUM

MYSQLI_TYPE_SET

Field is defined as SET

MYSQLI_TYPE_TINY_BLOB

Field is defined as TINYBLOB

MYSQLI_TYPE_MEDIUM_BLOB

Field is defined as MEDIUMBLOB

MYSQLI_TYPE_LONG_BLOB

Field is defined as LONGBLOB

MYSQLI_TYPE_BLOB

Field is defined as BLOB

MYSQLI_TYPE_VAR_STRING

Field is defined as VARCHAR

MYSQLI_TYPE_STRING

Field is defined as STRING

MYSQLI_TYPE_CHAR

Field is defined as CHAR

MYSQLI_TYPE_GEOMETRY

Field is defined as GEOMETRY

MYSQLI_NEED_DATA

More data available for bind variable

MYSQLI_NO_DATA

No more data available for bind variable

MYSQLI_DATA_TRUNCATED

Data truncation occurred. Available since PHP 5.1.0 and MySQL 5.0.5.

MYSQLI_ENUM_FLAG

Field is defined as ENUM. Available since PHP 5.3.0.

MYSQLI_CURSOR_TYPE_FOR_UPDATE

MYSQLI_CURSOR_TYPE_NO_CURSOR

MYSQLI_CURSOR_TYPE_READ_ONLY

MYSQLI_CURSOR_TYPE_SCROLLABLE

MYSQLI_STMT_ATTR_CURSOR_TYPE

MYSQLI_STMT_ATTR_PREFETCH_ROWS

MYSQLI_STMT_ATTR_UPDATE_MAX_LENGTH

MYSQLI_SET_CHARSET_NAME

20.9.2.6. The MySQLi Extension Function Summary

Copyright 1997-2008 the PHP Documentation Group.

MySQLi Class   
OOP InterfaceProcedural InterfaceAlias (Do not use)Description
Properties   
$mysqli->affected_rowsmysqli_affected_rowsN/AGets the number of affected rows in a previous MySQL operation
$mysqli->client_infomysqli_get_client_infoN/AReturns the MySQL client version as a string
$mysqli->client_versionmysqli_get_client_versionN/AReturns MySQL client version info as an integer
$mysqli->connect_errnomysqli_connect_errnoN/AReturns the error code from last connect call
$mysqli->connect_errormysqli_connect_errorN/AReturns a string description of the last connect error
$mysqli->errnomysqli_errnoN/AReturns the error code for the most recent function call
$mysqli->errormysqli_errorN/AReturns a string description of the last error
$mysqli->field_countmysqli_field_countN/AReturns the number of columns for the most recent query
$mysqli->host_infomysqli_get_host_infoN/AReturns a string representing the type of connection used
$mysqli->protocol_versionmysqli_get_proto_infoN/AReturns the version of the MySQL protocol used
$mysqli->server_infomysqli_get_server_infoN/AReturns the version of the MySQL server
$mysqli->server_versionmysqli_get_server_versionN/AReturns the version of the MySQL server as an integer
$mysqli->infomysqli_infoN/ARetrieves information about the most recently executed query
$mysqli->insert_idmysqli_insert_idN/AReturns the auto generated id used in the last query
$mysqli->sqlstatemysqli_sqlstateN/AReturns the SQLSTATE error from previous MySQL operation
$mysqli->warning_countmysqli_warning_countN/AReturns the number of warnings from the last query for the given link
Methods   
mysqli->autocommitmysqli_autocommitN/ATurns on or off auto-commiting database modifications
mysqli->change_usermysqli_change_userN/AChanges the user of the specified database connection
mysqli->character_set_name, mysqli->client_encodingmysqli_character_set_namemysqli_client_encodingReturns the default character set for the database connection
mysqli->closemysqli_closeN/ACloses a previously opened database connection
mysqli->commitmysqli_commitN/ACommits the current transaction
mysqli::__constructmysqli_connectN/AOpen a new connection to the MySQL server [Note: static (i.e. class) method]
mysqli->debugmysqli_debugN/APerforms debugging operations
mysqli->dump_debug_infomysqli_dump_debug_infoN/ADump debugging information into the log
mysqli->get_charsetmysqli_get_charsetN/AReturns a character set object
mysqli->get_connection_statsmysqli_get_connection_statsN/AReturns client connection statistics. Available only with mysqlnd.
mysqli->get_client_infomysqli_get_client_infoN/AReturns the MySQL client version as a string
mysqli->get_client_statsmysqli_get_client_statsN/AReturns client per-process statistics. Available only with mysqlnd.
mysqli->get_cache_statsmysqli_get_cache_statsN/AReturns client Zval cache statistics. Available only with mysqlnd.
mysqli->get_server_infomysqli_get_server_infoN/ANOT DOCUMENTED
mysqli->get_warningsmysqli_get_warningsN/ANOT DOCUMENTED
mysqli_initmysqli_initN/AInitializes MySQLi and returns a resource for use with mysqli_real_connect. [Not called on an object, as it returns a $mysqli object.]
mysqli->killmysqli_killN/AAsks the server to kill a MySQL thread
mysqli->more_resultsmysqli_more_resultsN/ACheck if there are any more query results from a multi query
mysqli->multi_querymysqli_multi_queryN/APerforms a query on the database
mysqli->next_resultmysqli_next_resultN/APrepare next result from multi_query
mysqli->optionsmysqli_optionsmysqli_set_optSet options
mysqli->pingmysqli_pingN/APings a server connection, or tries to reconnect if the connection has gone down
mysqli->preparemysqli_prepareN/APrepare a SQL statement for execution
mysqli->querymysqli_queryN/APerforms a query on the database
mysqli->real_connectmysqli_real_connectN/AOpens a connection to a mysql server
mysqli->real_escape_string, mysqli->escape_stringmysqli_real_escape_stringmysqli_escape_stringEscapes special characters in a string for use in a SQL statement, taking into account the current charset of the connection
mysqli->real_querymysqli_real_queryN/AExecute an SQL query
mysqli->rollbackmysqli_rollbackN/ARolls back current transaction
mysqli->select_dbmysqli_select_dbN/ASelects the default database for database queries
mysqli->set_charsetmysqli_set_charsetN/ASets the default client character set
mysqli->set_local_infile_defaultmysqli_set_local_infile_defaultN/AUnsets user defined handler for load local infile command
mysqli->set_local_infile_handlermysqli_set_local_infile_handlerN/ASet callback function for LOAD DATA LOCAL INFILE command
mysqli->ssl_setmysqli_ssl_setN/AUsed for establishing secure connections using SSL
mysqli->statmysqli_statN/AGets the current system status
mysqli->stmt_initmysqli_stmt_initN/AInitializes a statement and returns an object for use with mysqli_stmt_prepare
mysqli->store_resultmysqli_store_resultN/ATransfers a result set from the last query
mysqli->thread_idmysqli_thread_idN/AReturns the thread ID for the current connection
mysqli->thread_safemysqli_thread_safeN/AReturns whether thread safety is given or not
mysqli->use_resultmysqli_use_resultN/AInitiate a result set retrieval
MySQL_STMT   
OOP InterfaceProcedural InterfaceAlias (Do not use)Description
Properties   
$mysqli_stmt->affected_rowsmysqli_stmt_affected_rowsN/AReturns the total number of rows changed, deleted, or inserted by the last executed statement
$mysqli_stmt->errnomysqli_stmt_errnoN/AReturns the error code for the most recent statement call
$mysqli_stmt->errormysqli_stmt_errorN/AReturns a string description for last statement error
$mysqli_stmt->field_countmysqli_stmt_field_countN/AReturns the number of field in the given statement - not documented
$mysqli_stmt->insert_idmysqli_stmt_insert_idN/AGet the ID generated from the previous INSERT operation
$mysqli_stmt->num_rowsmysqli_stmt_num_rowsN/AReturn the number of rows in statements result set
$mysqli_stmt->param_countmysqli_stmt_param_countmysqli_param_countReturns the number of parameter for the given statement
$mysqli_stmt->sqlstatemysqli_stmt_sqlstateN/AReturns SQLSTATE error from previous statement operation
Methods   
mysqli_stmt->attr_getmysqli_stmt_attr_getN/AUsed to get the current value of a statement attribute
mysqli_stmt->attr_setmysqli_stmt_attr_setN/AUsed to modify the behavior of a prepared statement
mysqli_stmt->bind_parammysqli_stmt_bind_parammysqli_bind_paramBinds variables to a prepared statement as parameters
mysqli_stmt->bind_resultmysqli_stmt_bind_resultmysqli_bind_resultBinds variables to a prepared statement for result storage
mysqli_stmt->closemysqli_stmt_closeN/ACloses a prepared statement
mysqli_stmt->data_seekmysqli_stmt_data_seekN/ASeeks to an arbitrary row in statement result set
mysqli_stmt->executemysqli_stmt_executemysqli_executeExecutes a prepared Query
mysqli_stmt->fetchmysqli_stmt_fetchmysqli_fetchFetch results from a prepared statement into the bound variables
mysqli_stmt->free_resultmysqli_stmt_free_resultN/AFrees stored result memory for the given statement handle
$mysqli_stmt->get_result()mysqli_stmt_get_resultN/ANOT DOCUMENTED Available only with mysqlnd.
mysqli_stmt->get_warningsmysqli_stmt_get_warningsN/ANOT DOCUMENTED
$mysqli_stmt->more_results()mysqli_stmt_more_results()N/ANOT DOCUMENTED Available only with mysqlnd.
$mysqli_stmt->next_result()mysqli_stmt_next_result()N/ANOT DOCUMENTED Available only with mysqlnd.
mysqli_stmt->num_rowsmysqli_stmt_num_rowsN/ASee also property $mysqli_stmt->num_rows
mysqli_stmt->preparemysqli_stmt_prepareN/APrepare a SQL statement for execution
mysqli_stmt->resetmysqli_stmt_resetN/AResets a prepared statement
mysqli_stmt->result_metadatamysqli_stmt_result_metadatamysqli_get_metadataReturns result set metadata from a prepared statement
mysqli_stmt->send_long_datamysqli_stmt_send_long_datamysqli_send_long_dataSend data in blocks
mysqli_stmt->store_resultmysqli_stmt_store_resultN/ATransfers a result set from a prepared statement
MySQLi_RESULT   
OOP InterfaceProcedural InterfaceAlias (Do not use)Description
Properties   
$mysqli_result->current_fieldmysqli_field_tellN/AGet current field offset of a result pointer
$mysqli_result->field_countmysqli_num_fieldsN/AGet the number of fields in a result
$mysqli_result->lengthsmysqli_fetch_lengthsN/AReturns the lengths of the columns of the current row in the result set
$mysqli_result->num_rowsmysqli_num_rowsN/AGets the number of rows in a result
Methods   
mysqli_result->data_seekmysqli_data_seekN/AAdjusts the result pointer to an arbitary row in the result
mysqli_result->fetch_allmysqli_fetch_allN/AFetches all result rows and returns the result set as an associative array, a numeric array, or both. Available only with mysqlnd.
mysqli_result->fetch_arraymysqli_fetch_arrayN/AFetch a result row as an associative, a numeric array, or both
mysqli_result->fetch_assocmysqli_fetch_assocN/AFetch a result row as an associative array
mysqli_result->fetch_field_directmysqli_fetch_field_directN/AFetch meta-data for a single field
mysqli_result->fetch_fieldmysqli_fetch_fieldN/AReturns the next field in the result set
mysqli_result->fetch_fieldsmysqli_fetch_fieldsN/AReturns an array of objects representing the fields in a result set
mysqli_result->fetch_objectmysqli_fetch_objectN/AReturns the current row of a result set as an object
mysqli_result->fetch_rowmysqli_fetch_rowN/AGet a result row as an enumerated array
mysqli_result->field_seekmysqli_field_seekN/ASet result pointer to a specified field offset
mysqli_result->free, mysqli_result->close, mysqli_result->free_resultmysqli_free_resultN/AFrees the memory associated with a result
MySQL_Driver   
OOP InterfaceProcedural InterfaceAlias (Do not use)Description
Properties   
N/A   
Methods   
mysqli_driver->embedded_server_endmysqli_embedded_server_endN/ANOT DOCUMENTED
mysqli_driver->embedded_server_startmysqli_embedded_server_startN/ANOT DOCUMENTED

Note

Alias functions are provided for backward compatibility purposes only. Do not use them in new projects.

20.9.2.7. The MySQLi class (MySQLi)

20.9.2.7.1. mysqli->affected_rows, mysqli_affected_rows
20.9.2.7.2. mysqli::autocommit, mysqli_autocommit
20.9.2.7.3. mysqli::change_user, mysqli_change_user
20.9.2.7.4. mysqli::character_set_name, mysqli_character_set_name
20.9.2.7.5. mysqli->client_info, mysqli_get_client_info
20.9.2.7.6. mysqli->client_version, mysqli_get_client_version
20.9.2.7.7. mysqli::close, mysqli_close
20.9.2.7.8. mysqli::commit, mysqli_commit
20.9.2.7.9. mysqli->connect_errno, mysqli_connect_errno
20.9.2.7.10. mysqli->connect_error, mysqli_connect_error
20.9.2.7.11. mysqli::__construct, mysqli_connect
20.9.2.7.12. mysqli::debug, mysqli_debug
20.9.2.7.13. mysqli::dump_debug_info, mysqli_dump_debug_info
20.9.2.7.14. mysqli->errno, mysqli_errno
20.9.2.7.15. mysqli->error, mysqli_error
20.9.2.7.16. mysqli->field_count, mysqli_field_count
20.9.2.7.17. mysqli::get_charset, mysqli_get_charset
20.9.2.7.18. mysqli->get_client_info, mysqli_get_client_info
20.9.2.7.19. mysqli->client_version, mysqli_get_client_version
20.9.2.7.20. mysqli::get_connection_stats, mysqli_get_connection_stats
20.9.2.7.21. mysqli->host_info, mysqli_get_host_info
20.9.2.7.22. mysqli->protocol_version, mysqli_get_proto_info
20.9.2.7.23. mysqli->server_info, mysqli_get_server_info
20.9.2.7.24. mysqli->server_version, mysqli_get_server_version
20.9.2.7.25. mysqli::get_warnings, mysqli_get_warnings
20.9.2.7.26. mysqli->info, mysqli_info
20.9.2.7.27. mysqli::init, mysqli_init
20.9.2.7.28. mysqli->insert_id, mysqli_insert_id
20.9.2.7.29. mysqli::kill, mysqli_kill
20.9.2.7.30. mysqli::more_results, mysqli_more_results
20.9.2.7.31. mysqli::multi_query, mysqli_multi_query
20.9.2.7.32. mysqli::next_result, mysqli_next_result
20.9.2.7.33. mysqli::options, mysqli_options
20.9.2.7.34. mysqli::ping, mysqli_ping
20.9.2.7.35. mysqli::poll, mysqli_poll
20.9.2.7.36. mysqli::prepare, mysqli_prepare
20.9.2.7.37. mysqli::query, mysqli_query
20.9.2.7.38. mysqli::real_connect, mysqli_real_connect
20.9.2.7.39. mysqli::real_escape_string, mysqli_real_escape_string
20.9.2.7.40. mysqli::real_query, mysqli_real_query
20.9.2.7.41. mysqli::reap_async_query, mysqli_reap_async_query
20.9.2.7.42. mysqli::rollback, mysqli_rollback
20.9.2.7.43. mysqli::select_db, mysqli_select_db
20.9.2.7.44. mysqli::set_charset, mysqli_set_charset
20.9.2.7.45. mysqli::set_local_infile_default, mysqli_set_local_infile_default
20.9.2.7.46. mysqli::set_local_infile_handler, mysqli_set_local_infile_handler
20.9.2.7.47. mysqli->sqlstate, mysqli_sqlstate
20.9.2.7.48. mysqli::ssl_set, mysqli_ssl_set
20.9.2.7.49. mysqli::stat, mysqli_stat
20.9.2.7.50. mysqli::stmt_init, mysqli_stmt_init
20.9.2.7.51. mysqli::store_result, mysqli_store_result
20.9.2.7.52. mysqli::thread_id, mysqli_thread_id
20.9.2.7.53. mysqli::thread_safe, mysqli_thread_safe
20.9.2.7.54. mysqli::use_result, mysqli_use_result
20.9.2.7.55. mysqli::warning_count, mysqli_warning_count

Copyright 1997-2008 the PHP Documentation Group.

Represents a connection between PHP and a MySQL database.

 MySQLi {
MySQLi Properties  int affected_rows ;
  string client_info ;
  int client_version ;
  string connect_errno ;
  string connect_error ;
  int errno ;
  string error ;
  int field_count ;
  int client_version ;
  string host_info ;
  string protocol_version ;
  string server_info ;
  int server_version ;
  string info ;
  mixed insert_id ;
  string sqlstate ;
  int thread_id ;
  int warning_count ;
Methods  int mysqli_affected_rows(mysqli link);
  bool mysqli::autocommit(bool mode);
  bool mysqli::change_user(string user,
                           string password,
                           string database);

  string mysqli::character_set_name();
  string mysqli_get_client_info(mysqli link);
  int mysqli_get_client_version(mysqli link);
  bool mysqli::close();
  bool mysqli::commit();
  int mysqli_connect_errno();
  string mysqli_connect_error();
  mysqli mysqli_connect(string host= =ini_get("mysqli.default_host"),
                        string username= =ini_get("mysqli.default_user"),
                        string passwd= =ini_get("mysqli.default_pw"),
                        string dbname= ="",
                        int port= =ini_get("mysqli.default_port"),
                        string socket= =ini_get("mysqli.default_socket"));

  bool mysqli::debug(string message);
  bool mysqli::dump_debug_info();
  int mysqli_errno(mysqli link);
  string mysqli_error(mysqli link);
  int mysqli_field_count(mysqli link);
  object mysqli::get_charset();
  string mysqli::get_client_info();
  int mysqli_get_client_version(mysqli link);
  bool mysqli::get_connection_stats();
  string mysqli_get_host_info(mysqli link);
  int mysqli_get_proto_info(mysqli link);
  string mysqli_get_server_info(mysqli link);
  int mysqli_get_server_version(mysqli link);
  mysqli_warnings mysqli::get_warnings();
  string mysqli_info(mysqli link);
  mysqli mysqli::init();
  mixed mysqli_insert_id(mysqli link);
  bool mysqli::kill(int processid);
  bool mysqli::more_results();
  bool mysqli::multi_query(string query);
  bool mysqli::next_result();
  bool mysqli::options(int option,
                       mixed value);

  bool mysqli::ping();
  public int mysqli::poll(array read,
                          array error,
                          array reject,
                          int sec,
                          int usec);

  mysqli_stmt mysqli::prepare(string query);
  mixed mysqli::query(string query,
                      int resultmode);

  bool mysqli::real_connect(string host,
                            string username,
                            string passwd,
                            string dbname,
                            int port,
                            string socket,
                            int flags);

  string mysqli::escape_string(string escapestr);
  bool mysqli::real_query(string query);
  public mysqli_result mysqli::reap_async_query();
  bool mysqli::rollback();
  bool mysqli::select_db(string dbname);
  bool mysqli::set_charset(string charset);
  void mysqli_set_local_infile_default(mysqli link);
  bool mysqli_set_local_infile_handler(mysqli link,
                                       callback read_func);

  string mysqli_sqlstate(mysqli link);
  bool mysqli::ssl_set(string key,
                       string cert,
                       string ca,
                       string capath,
                       string cipher);

  string mysqli::stat();
  mysqli_stmt stmt_init();
  mysqli_result mysqli::store_result();
  int mysqli_thread_id(mysqli link);
  bool mysqli_thread_safe();
  mysqli_result mysqli::use_result();
  int mysqli_warning_count(mysqli link);
}
20.9.2.7.1. mysqli->affected_rows, mysqli_affected_rows

Copyright 1997-2008 the PHP Documentation Group.

  • mysqli->affected_rows

    mysqli_affected_rows

    Gets the number of affected rows in a previous MySQL operation

Description

Object oriented style (property):

 mysqli {
  int affected_rows ;
}

Procedural style:

int mysqli_affected_rows(mysqli link);

Returns the number of rows affected by the last INSERT, UPDATE, REPLACE or DELETE query.

For SELECT statements mysqli_affected_rows works like mysqli_num_rows.

Parameters

link

Procedural style only: A link identifier returned by mysqli_connect or mysqli_init

Return Values

An integer greater than zero indicates the number of rows affected or retrieved. Zero indicates that no records where updated for an UPDATE statement, no rows matched the WHERE clause in the query or that no query has yet been executed. -1 indicates that the query returned an error.

Note

If the number of affected rows is greater than maximal int value, the number of affected rows will be returned as a string.

Examples

Example 20.68. Object oriented style

<?php
$mysqli = new mysqli("localhost", "my_user", "my_password", "world");

/* check connection */
if (mysqli_connect_errno()) {
    printf("Connect failed: %s\n", mysqli_connect_error());
    exit();
}

/* Insert rows */
$mysqli->query("CREATE TABLE Language SELECT * from CountryLanguage");
printf("Affected rows (INSERT): %d\n", $mysqli->affected_rows);

$mysqli->query("ALTER TABLE Language ADD Status int default 0");

/* update rows */
$mysqli->query("UPDATE Language SET Status=1 WHERE Percentage > 50");
printf("Affected rows (UPDATE): %d\n", $mysqli->affected_rows);

/* delete rows */
$mysqli->query("DELETE FROM Language WHERE Percentage < 50");
printf("Affected rows (DELETE): %d\n", $mysqli->affected_rows);

/* select all rows */
$result = $mysqli->query("SELECT CountryCode FROM Language");
printf("Affected rows (SELECT): %d\n", $mysqli->affected_rows);

$result->close();

/* Delete table Language */
$mysqli->query("DROP TABLE Language");

/* close connection */
$mysqli->close();
?>

   

Example 20.69. Procedural style

<?php
$link = mysqli_connect("localhost", "my_user", "my_password", "world");

if (!$link) {
    printf("Can't connect to localhost. Error: %s\n", mysqli_connect_error());
    exit();
}

/* Insert rows */
mysqli_query($link, "CREATE TABLE Language SELECT * from CountryLanguage");
printf("Affected rows (INSERT): %d\n", mysqli_affected_rows($link));

mysqli_query($link, "ALTER TABLE Language ADD Status int default 0");

/* update rows */
mysqli_query($link, "UPDATE Language SET Status=1 WHERE Percentage > 50");
printf("Affected rows (UPDATE): %d\n", mysqli_affected_rows($link));

/* delete rows */
mysqli_query($link, "DELETE FROM Language WHERE Percentage < 50");
printf("Affected rows (DELETE): %d\n", mysqli_affected_rows($link));

/* select all rows */
$result = mysqli_query($link, "SELECT CountryCode FROM Language");
printf("Affected rows (SELECT): %d\n", mysqli_affected_rows($link));

mysqli_free_result($result);

/* Delete table Language */
mysqli_query($link, "DROP TABLE Language");

/* close connection */
mysqli_close($link);
?>

   

The above example will output:



Affected rows (INSERT): 984
Affected rows (UPDATE): 168
Affected rows (DELETE): 815
Affected rows (SELECT): 169


      

See Also

mysqli_num_rows
mysqli_info

20.9.2.7.2. mysqli::autocommit, mysqli_autocommit

Copyright 1997-2008 the PHP Documentation Group.

  • mysqli::autocommit

    mysqli_autocommit

    Turns on or off auto-commiting database modifications

Description

Object oriented style (method)

bool mysqli::autocommit(bool mode);

Procedural style:

bool mysqli_autocommit(mysqli link,
                       bool mode);

Turns on or off auto-commit mode on queries for the database connection.

To determine the current state of autocommit use the SQL command SELECT @@autocommit.

Parameters

link

Procedural style only: A link identifier returned by mysqli_connect or mysqli_init

mode

Whether to turn on auto-commit or not.

Return Values

Returns TRUE on success or FALSE on failure.

Notes

Note

This function doesn't work with non transactional table types (like MyISAM or ISAM).

Examples

Example 20.70. Object oriented style

<?php
$mysqli = new mysqli("localhost", "my_user", "my_password", "world");

if (mysqli_connect_errno()) {
    printf("Connect failed: %s\n", mysqli_connect_error());
    exit();
}

/* turn autocommit on */
$mysqli->autocommit(TRUE);

if ($result = $mysqli->query("SELECT @@autocommit")) {
    $row = $result->fetch_row();
    printf("Autocommit is %s\n", $row[0]);
    $result->free();
}

/* close connection */
$mysqli->close();
?>

   

Example 20.71. Procedural style

<?php
$link = mysqli_connect("localhost", "my_user", "my_password", "world");

if (!$link) {
    printf("Can't connect to localhost. Error: %s\n", mysqli_connect_error());
    exit();
}

/* turn autocommit on */
mysqli_autocommit($link, TRUE);

if ($result = mysqli_query($link, "SELECT @@autocommit")) {
    $row = mysqli_fetch_row($result);
    printf("Autocommit is %s\n", $row[0]);
    mysqli_free_result($result);
}

/* close connection */
mysqli_close($link);
?>

   

The above example will output:



Autocommit is 1


      

See Also

mysqli_commit
mysqli_rollback

20.9.2.7.3. mysqli::change_user, mysqli_change_user

Copyright 1997-2008 the PHP Documentation Group.

  • mysqli::change_user

    mysqli_change_user

    Changes the user of the specified database connection

Description

Object oriented style (method):

bool mysqli::change_user(string user,
                         string password,
                         string database);

Procedural style:

bool mysqli_change_user(mysqli link,
                        string user,
                        string password,
                        string database);

Changes the user of the specified database connection and sets the current database.

In order to successfully change users a valid username and password parameters must be provided and that user must have sufficient permissions to access the desired database. If for any reason authorization fails, the current user authentication will remain.

Parameters

link

Procedural style only: A link identifier returned by mysqli_connect or mysqli_init

user

The MySQL user name.

password

The MySQL password.

database

The database to change to.

If desired, the NULL value may be passed resulting in only changing the user and not selecting a database. To select a database in this case use the mysqli_select_db function.

Return Values

Returns TRUE on success or FALSE on failure.

Notes

Note

Using this command will always cause the current database connection to behave as if was a completely new database connection, regardless of if the operation was completed successfully. This reset includes performing a rollback on any active transactions, closing all temporary tables, and unlocking all locked tables.

Examples

Example 20.72. Object oriented style

<?php

/* connect database test */
$mysqli = new mysqli("localhost", "my_user", "my_password", "test");

/* check connection */
if (mysqli_connect_errno()) {
    printf("Connect failed: %s\n", mysqli_connect_error());
    exit();
}

/* Set Variable a */
$mysqli->query("SET @a:=1");

/* reset all and select a new database */
$mysqli->change_user("my_user", "my_password", "world");

if ($result = $mysqli->query("SELECT DATABASE()")) {
    $row = $result->fetch_row();
    printf("Default database: %s\n", $row[0]);
    $result->close();
}

if ($result = $mysqli->query("SELECT @a")) {
    $row = $result->fetch_row();
    if ($row[0] === NULL) {
        printf("Value of variable a is NULL\n");
    }
    $result->close();
}

/* close connection */
$mysqli->close();
?>

    

Example 20.73. Procedural style

<?php
/* connect database test */
$link = mysqli_connect("localhost", "my_user", "my_password", "test");

/* check connection */
if (!$link) {
    printf("Connect failed: %s\n", mysqli_connect_error());
    exit();
}

/* Set Variable a */
mysqli_query($link, "SET @a:=1");

/* reset all and select a new database */
mysqli_change_user($link, "my_user", "my_password", "world");

if ($result = mysqli_query($link, "SELECT DATABASE()")) {
    $row = mysqli_fetch_row($result);
    printf("Default database: %s\n", $row[0]);
    mysqli_free_result($result);
}

if ($result = mysqli_query($link, "SELECT @a")) {
    $row = mysqli_fetch_row($result);
    if ($row[0] === NULL) {
        printf("Value of variable a is NULL\n");
    }
    mysqli_free_result($result);
}

/* close connection */
mysqli_close($link);
?>

   

The above example will output:



Default database: world
Value of variable a is NULL


      

See Also

mysqli_connect
mysqli_select_db

20.9.2.7.4. mysqli::character_set_name, mysqli_character_set_name

Copyright 1997-2008 the PHP Documentation Group.

  • mysqli::character_set_name

    mysqli_character_set_name

    Returns the default character set for the database connection

Description

Object oriented style (method):

string mysqli::character_set_name();

Procedural style:

string mysqli_character_set_name(mysqli link);

Returns the current character set for the database connection.

Parameters

link

Procedural style only: A link identifier returned by mysqli_connect or mysqli_init

Return Values

The default character set for the current connection

Examples

Example 20.74. Object oriented style

<?php
/* Open a connection */
$mysqli = new mysqli("localhost", "my_user", "my_password", "world");

/* check connection */
if (mysqli_connect_errno()) {
    printf("Connect failed: %s\n", mysqli_connect_error());
    exit();
}

/* Print current character set */
$charset = $mysqli->character_set_name();
printf ("Current character set is %s\n", $charset);

$mysqli->close();
?>

  

Example 20.75. Procedural style

<?php
/* Open a connection */
$link = mysqli_connect("localhost", "my_user", "my_password", "world");

/* check connection */
if (!$link) {
    printf("Connect failed: %s\n", mysqli_connect_error());
    exit();
}

/* Print current character set */
$charset = mysqli_character_set_name($link);
printf ("Current character set is %s\n",$charset);

/* close connection */
mysqli_close($link);
?>

   

The above example will output:



Current character set is latin1_swedish_ci


      

See Also

mysqli_client_encoding
mysqli_real_escape_string

20.9.2.7.5. mysqli->client_info, mysqli_get_client_info

Copyright 1997-2008 the PHP Documentation Group.

  • mysqli->client_info

    mysqli_get_client_info

    Returns the MySQL client version as a string

Description

Object oriented style (property):

 mysqli {
  string client_info ;
}

Procedural style:

string mysqli_get_client_info(mysqli link);

Returns a string that represents the MySQL client library version.

Return Values

A string that represents the MySQL client library version

Examples

Example 20.76. mysqli_get_client_info

<?php

/* We don't need a connection to determine
   the version of mysql client library */

printf("Client library version: %s\n", mysqli_get_client_info());
?>

    

See Also

mysqli_get_client_version
mysqli_get_server_info
mysqli_get_server_version

20.9.2.7.6. mysqli->client_version, mysqli_get_client_version

Copyright 1997-2008 the PHP Documentation Group.

  • mysqli->client_version

    mysqli_get_client_version

    Get MySQL client info

Description

Object oriented style (property):

 mysqli {
  int client_version ;
}

Procedural style:

int mysqli_get_client_version(mysqli link);

Returns client version number as an integer.

Return Values

A number that represents the MySQL client library version in format: main_version*10000 + minor_version *100 + sub_version. For example, 4.1.0 is returned as 40100.

This is useful to quickly determine the version of the client library to know if some capability exits.

Examples

Example 20.77. mysqli_get_client_version

<?php

/* We don't need a connection to determine
   the version of mysql client library */

printf("Client library version: %d\n", mysqli_get_client_version());
?>

    

See Also

mysqli_get_client_info
mysqli_get_server_info
mysqli_get_server_version

20.9.2.7.7. mysqli::close, mysqli_close

Copyright 1997-2008 the PHP Documentation Group.

  • mysqli::close

    mysqli_close

    Closes a previously opened database connection

Description

Object oriented style (method):

bool mysqli::close();

Procedural style:

bool mysqli_close(mysqli link);

Closes a previously opened database connection.

Parameters

link

Procedural style only: A link identifier returned by mysqli_connect or mysqli_init

Return Values

Returns TRUE on success or FALSE on failure.

Examples

See mysqli_connect.

See Also

mysqli_connect
mysqli_init
mysqli_real_connect

20.9.2.7.8. mysqli::commit, mysqli_commit

Copyright 1997-2008 the PHP Documentation Group.

  • mysqli::commit

    mysqli_commit

    Commits the current transaction

Description

Object oriented style (method)

bool mysqli::commit();

Procedural style:

bool mysqli_commit(mysqli link);

Commits the current transaction for the database connection.

Parameters

link

Procedural style only: A link identifier returned by mysqli_connect or mysqli_init

Return Values

Returns TRUE on success or FALSE on failure.

Examples

Example 20.78. Object oriented style

<?php
$mysqli = new mysqli("localhost", "my_user", "my_password", "world");

/* check connection */
if (mysqli_connect_errno()) {
    printf("Connect failed: %s\n", mysqli_connect_error());
    exit();
}

$mysqli->query("CREATE TABLE Language LIKE CountryLanguage Type=InnoDB");

/* set autocommit to off */
$mysqli->autocommit(FALSE);

/* Insert some values */
$mysqli->query("INSERT INTO Language VALUES ('DEU', 'Bavarian', 'F', 11.2)");
$mysqli->query("INSERT INTO Language VALUES ('DEU', 'Swabian', 'F', 9.4)");

/* commit transaction */
$mysqli->commit();

/* drop table */
$mysqli->query("DROP TABLE Language");

/* close connection */
$mysqli->close();
?>

    

Example 20.79. Procedural style

<?php
$link = mysqli_connect("localhost", "my_user", "my_password", "test");

/* check connection */
if (!$link) {
    printf("Connect failed: %s\n", mysqli_connect_error());
    exit();
}

/* set autocommit to off */
mysqli_autocommit($link, FALSE);

mysqli_query($link, "CREATE TABLE Language LIKE CountryLanguage Type=InnoDB");

/* Insert some values */
mysqli_query($link, "INSERT INTO Language VALUES ('DEU', 'Bavarian', 'F', 11.2)");
mysqli_query($link, "INSERT INTO Language VALUES ('DEU', 'Swabian', 'F', 9.4)");

/* commit transaction */
mysqli_commit($link);

/* close connection */
mysqli_close($link);
?>

    

See Also

mysqli_autocommit
mysqli_rollback

20.9.2.7.9. mysqli->connect_errno, mysqli_connect_errno

Copyright 1997-2008 the PHP Documentation Group.

  • mysqli->connect_errno

    mysqli_connect_errno

    Returns the error code from last connect call

Description

 mysqli {
  string connect_errno ;
}
int mysqli_connect_errno();

Returns the last error code number from the last call to mysqli_connect.

Note

Client error message numbers are listed in the MySQL errmsg.h header file, server error message numbers are listed in mysqld_error.h. In the MySQL source distribution you can find a complete list of error messages and error numbers in the file Docs/mysqld_error.txt.

Return Values

An error code value for the last call to mysqli_connect, if it failed. zero means no error occurred.

Examples

Example 20.80. Object oriented style

<?php
$mysqli = @new mysqli('localhost', 'fake_user', 'my_password', 'my_db');

if ($mysqli->connect_errno) {
    die('Connect Error: ' . $mysqli->connect_errno);
}
?>

  

Example 20.81. Procedural style

<?php
$link = @mysqli_connect('localhost', 'fake_user', 'my_password', 'my_db');

if (!$link) {
    die('Connect Error: ' . mysqli_connect_errno());
}
?>

   

The above example will output:



Connect Error: 1045


      

See Also

mysqli_connect
mysqli_connect_error
mysqli_errno
mysqli_error
mysqli_sqlstate

20.9.2.7.10. mysqli->connect_error, mysqli_connect_error

Copyright 1997-2008 the PHP Documentation Group.

  • mysqli->connect_error

    mysqli_connect_error

    Returns a string description of the last connect error

Description

 mysqli {
  string connect_error ;
}
string mysqli_connect_error();

Returns the last error message string from the last call to mysqli_connect.

Return Values

A string that describes the error. NULL is returned if no error occurred.

Examples

Example 20.82. Object oriented style

<?php
$mysqli = @new mysqli('localhost', 'fake_user', 'my_password', 'my_db');

// Works as of PHP 5.2.9 and 5.3.0.
if ($mysqli->connect_error) {
    die('Connect Error: ' . $mysqli->connect_error);
}
?>

  

Example 20.83. Procedural style

<?php
$link = @mysqli_connect('localhost', 'fake_user', 'my_password', 'my_db');

if (!$link) {
    die('Connect Error: ' . mysqli_connect_error());
}
?>

   

The above example will output:



Connect Error: Access denied for user 'fake_user'@'localhost' (using password: YES)


      

Notes

Warning

The mysqli->connect_error property only works properly as of PHP versions 5.2.9 and 5.3.0. Use the mysqli_connect_error function if compatibility with earlier PHP versions is required.

See Also

mysqli_connect
mysqli_connect_errno
mysqli_errno
mysqli_error
mysqli_sqlstate

20.9.2.7.11. mysqli::__construct, mysqli_connect

Copyright 1997-2008 the PHP Documentation Group.

  • mysqli::__construct

    mysqli_connect

    Open a new connection to the MySQL server

Description

Object oriented style (constructor):

mysqli::__construct(string host= =ini_get("mysqli.default_host"),
                    string username= =ini_get("mysqli.default_user"),
                    string passwd= =ini_get("mysqli.default_pw"),
                    string dbname= ="",
                    int port= =ini_get("mysqli.default_port"),
                    string socket= =ini_get("mysqli.default_socket"));

Procedural style

mysqli mysqli_connect(string host= =ini_get("mysqli.default_host"),
                      string username= =ini_get("mysqli.default_user"),
                      string passwd= =ini_get("mysqli.default_pw"),
                      string dbname= ="",
                      int port= =ini_get("mysqli.default_port"),
                      string socket= =ini_get("mysqli.default_socket"));

Opens a connection to the MySQL Server running on.

Parameters

host

Can be either a host name or an IP address. Passing the NULL value or the string "localhost" to this parameter, the local host is assumed. When possible, pipes will be used instead of the TCP/IP protocol.

Prepending host by p: opens a persistent connection. mysqli_change_user is automatically called on connections opened from the connection pool.

username

The MySQL user name.

passwd

If not provided or NULL , the MySQL server will attempt to authenticate the user against those user records which have no password only. This allows one username to be used with different permissions (depending on if a password as provided or not).

dbname

If provided will specify the default database to be used when performing queries.

port

Specifies the port number to attempt to connect to the MySQL server.

socket

Specifies the socket or named pipe that should be used.

Note

Specifying the socket parameter will not explicitly determine the type of connection to be used when connecting to the MySQL server. How the connection is made to the MySQL database is determined by the host parameter.

Return Values

Returns an object which represents the connection to a MySQL Server.

Changelog

VersionDescription
5.3.0Added the ability of persistent connections.

Examples

Example 20.84. Object oriented style

<?php
$mysqli = new mysqli('localhost', 'my_user', 'my_password', 'my_db');

/*
 * This is the "official" OO way to do it,
 * BUT $connect_error was broken until PHP 5.2.9 and 5.3.0.
 */
if ($mysqli->connect_error) {
    die('Connect Error (' . $mysqli->connect_errno . ') '
            . $mysqli->connect_error);
}

/*
 * Use this instead of $connect_error if you need to ensure
 * compatibility with PHP versions prior to 5.2.9 and 5.3.0.
 */
if (mysqli_connect_error()) {
    die('Connect Error (' . mysqli_connect_errno() . ') '
            . mysqli_connect_error());
}

echo 'Success... ' . $mysqli->host_info . "\n";

$mysqli->close();
?>

  

Example 20.85. Object oriented style when extending mysqli class

<?php

class foo_mysqli extends mysqli {
    public function __construct($host, $user, $pass, $db) {
        parent::__construct($host, $user, $pass, $db);

        if (mysqli_connect_error()) {
            die('Connect Error (' . mysqli_connect_errno() . ') '
                    . mysqli_connect_error());
        }
    }
}

$db = new foo_mysqli('localhost', 'my_user', 'my_password', 'my_db');

echo 'Success... ' . $db->host_info . "\n";

$db->close();
?>

   

Example 20.86. Procedural style

<?php
$link = mysqli_connect('localhost', 'my_user', 'my_password', 'my_db');

if (!$link) {
    die('Connect Error (' . mysqli_connect_errno() . ') '
            . mysqli_connect_error());
}

echo 'Success... ' . mysqli_get_host_info($link) . "\n";

mysqli_close($link);
?>

   

The above example will output:



Success... MySQL host info: localhost via TCP/IP


      

Notes

Note

OO syntax only: If a connection fails an object is still returned. To check if the connection failed then use either the mysqli_connect_error function or the mysqli->connect_error property like in the examples above.

Note

If it is necessary to set options, such as the connection timeout, mysqli_real_connect must be used instead.

Note

Calling the constructor with no parameters is the same as calling mysqli_init.

Note

Error "Can't create TCP/IP socket (10106)" usually means that the variables_order configure directive doesn't contain character E. On Windows, if the environment is not copied the SYSTEMROOT environment variable won't be available and PHP will have problems loading Winsock.

See Also

mysqli_real_connect
mysqli_options
mysqli_connect_errno
mysqli_connect_error
mysqli_close

20.9.2.7.12. mysqli::debug, mysqli_debug

Copyright 1997-2008 the PHP Documentation Group.

  • mysqli::debug

    mysqli_debug

    Performs debugging operations

Description

Object oriented style (method):

bool mysqli::debug(string message);

Procedural style:

bool mysqli_debug(string message);

Performs debugging operations using the Fred Fish debugging library.

Parameters

message

A string representing the debugging operation to perform

Return Values

Returns TRUE .

Notes

Note

To use the mysqli_debug function you must compile the MySQL client library to support debugging.

Examples

Example 20.87. Generating a Trace File

<?php

/* Create a trace file in '/tmp/client.trace' on the local (client) machine: */
mysqli_debug("d:t:o,/tmp/client.trace");

?>

    

See Also

mysqli_dump_debug_info
mysqli_report

20.9.2.7.13. mysqli::dump_debug_info, mysqli_dump_debug_info

Copyright 1997-2008 the PHP Documentation Group.

  • mysqli::dump_debug_info

    mysqli_dump_debug_info

    Dump debugging information into the log

Description

Object oriented style (method):

bool mysqli::dump_debug_info();

Procedural style:

bool mysqli_dump_debug_info(mysqli link);

This function is designed to be executed by an user with the SUPER privilege and is used to dump debugging information into the log for the MySQL Server relating to the connection.

Parameters

link

Procedural style only: A link identifier returned by mysqli_connect or mysqli_init

Return Values

Returns TRUE on success or FALSE on failure.

See Also

mysqli_debug

20.9.2.7.14. mysqli->errno, mysqli_errno

Copyright 1997-2008 the PHP Documentation Group.

  • mysqli->errno

    mysqli_errno

    Returns the error code for the most recent function call

Description

Object oriented style (property):

 mysqli {
  int errno ;
}

Procedural style:

int mysqli_errno(mysqli link);

Returns the last error code for the most recent MySQLi function call that can succeed or fail.

Client error message numbers are listed in the MySQL errmsg.h header file, server error message numbers are listed in mysqld_error.h. In the MySQL source distribution you can find a complete list of error messages and error numbers in the file Docs/mysqld_error.txt.

Parameters

link

Procedural style only: A link identifier returned by mysqli_connect or mysqli_init

Return Values

An error code value for the last call, if it failed. zero means no error occurred.

Examples

Example 20.88. Object oriented style

<?php
$mysqli = new mysqli("localhost", "my_user", "my_password", "world");

/* check connection */
if (mysqli_connect_errno()) {
    printf("Connect failed: %s\n", mysqli_connect_error());
    exit();
}

if (!$mysqli->query("SET a=1")) {
    printf("Errorcode: %d\n", $mysqli->errno);
}

/* close connection */
$mysqli->close();
?>

  

Example 20.89. Procedural style

<?php
$link = mysqli_connect("localhost", "my_user", "my_password", "world");

/* check connection */
if (mysqli_connect_errno()) {
    printf("Connect failed: %s\n", mysqli_connect_error());
    exit();
}

if (!mysqli_query($link, "SET a=1")) {
    printf("Errorcode: %d\n", mysqli_errno($link));
}

/* close connection */
mysqli_close($link);
?>

   

The above example will output:



Errorcode: 1193


      

See Also

mysqli_connect_errno
mysqli_connect_error
mysqli_error
mysqli_sqlstate

20.9.2.7.15. mysqli->error, mysqli_error

Copyright 1997-2008 the PHP Documentation Group.

  • mysqli->error

    mysqli_error

    Returns a string description of the last error

Description

Object oriented style (property):

 mysqli {
  string error ;
}

Procedural style:

string mysqli_error(mysqli link);

Returns the last error message for the most recent MySQLi function call that can succeed or fail.

Parameters

link

Procedural style only: A link identifier returned by mysqli_connect or mysqli_init

Return Values

A string that describes the error. An empty string if no error occurred.

Examples

Example 20.90. Object oriented style

<?php
$mysqli = new mysqli("localhost", "my_user", "my_password", "world");

/* check connection */
if (mysqli_connect_errno()) {
    printf("Connect failed: %s\n", mysqli_connect_error());
    exit();
}

if (!$mysqli->query("SET a=1")) {
    printf("Errormessage: %s\n", $mysqli->error);
}

/* close connection */
$mysqli->close();
?>

  

Example 20.91. Procedural style

<?php
$link = mysqli_connect("localhost", "my_user", "my_password", "world");

/* check connection */
if (mysqli_connect_errno()) {
    printf("Connect failed: %s\n", mysqli_connect_error());
    exit();
}

if (!mysqli_query($link, "SET a=1")) {
    printf("Errormessage: %s\n", mysqli_error($link));
}

/* close connection */
mysqli_close($link);
?>

   

The above example will output:



Errormessage: Unknown system variable 'a'


      

See Also

mysqli_connect_errno
mysqli_connect_error
mysqli_errno
mysqli_sqlstate

20.9.2.7.16. mysqli->field_count, mysqli_field_count

Copyright 1997-2008 the PHP Documentation Group.

  • mysqli->field_count

    mysqli_field_count

    Returns the number of columns for the most recent query

Description

Object oriented style (property):

 mysqli_result {
  int field_count ;
}

Procedural style:

int mysqli_field_count(mysqli link);

Returns the number of columns for the most recent query on the connection represented by the link parameter. This function can be useful when using the mysqli_store_result function to determine if the query should have produced a non-empty result set or not without knowing the nature of the query.

Parameters

link

Procedural style only: A link identifier returned by mysqli_connect or mysqli_init

Return Values

An integer representing the number of fields in a result set.

Examples

Example 20.92. Object oriented style

<?php
$mysqli = new mysqli("localhost", "my_user", "my_password", "test");

$mysqli->query( "DROP TABLE IF EXISTS friends");
$mysqli->query( "CREATE TABLE friends (id int, name varchar(20))");

$mysqli->query( "INSERT INTO friends VALUES (1,'Hartmut'), (2, 'Ulf')");


$mysqli->real_query("SELECT * FROM friends");

if ($mysqli->field_count) {
    /* this was a select/show or describe query */
    $result = $mysqli->store_result();

    /* process resultset */
    $row = $result->fetch_row();

    /* free resultset */
    $result->close();
}

/* close connection */
$mysqli->close();
?>

    

Example 20.93. Procedural style

<?php
$link = mysqli_connect("localhost", "my_user", "my_password", "test");

mysqli_query($link, "DROP TABLE IF EXISTS friends");
mysqli_query($link, "CREATE TABLE friends (id int, name varchar(20))");

mysqli_query($link, "INSERT INTO friends VALUES (1,'Hartmut'), (2, 'Ulf')");

mysqli_real_query($link, "SELECT * FROM friends");

if (mysqli_field_count($link)) {
    /* this was a select/show or describe query */
    $result = mysqli_store_result($link);

    /* process resultset */
    $row = mysqli_fetch_row($result);

    /* free resultset */
    mysqli_free_result($result);
}

/* close connection */
mysqli_close($link);
?>

    

20.9.2.7.17. mysqli::get_charset, mysqli_get_charset

Copyright 1997-2008 the PHP Documentation Group.

  • mysqli::get_charset

    mysqli_get_charset

    Returns a character set object

Description

object mysqli::get_charset();
object mysqli_get_charset(mysqli link);

Returns a character set object providing several properties of the current active character set.

Parameters

link

Procedural style only: A link identifier returned by mysqli_connect or mysqli_init

Return Values

The function returns a character set object with the following properties:

charset

Character set name

collation

Collation name

dir

Directory the charset description was fetched from (?) or "" for built-in character sets

min_length

Minimum character length in bytes

max_length

Maximum character length in bytes

number

Internal character set number

state

Character set status (?)

Examples

Example 20.94. Object oriented style

<?php
  $db = mysqli_init();
  $db->real_connect("localhost","root","","test");
  var_dump($db->get_charset());
?>

   

Example 20.95. Procedural style

<?php
  $db = mysqli_init();
  mysqli_real_connect($db, "localhost","root","","test");
  var_dump($db->get_charset());
?>

   

The above example will output:



object(stdClass)#2 (7) {
  ["charset"]=>
  string(6) "latin1"
  ["collation"]=>
  string(17) "latin1_swedish_ci"
  ["dir"]=>
  string(0) ""
  ["min_length"]=>
  int(1)
  ["max_length"]=>
  int(1)
  ["number"]=>
  int(8)
  ["state"]=>
  int(801)
}


      

See Also

mysqli_character_set_name
mysqli_set_charset

20.9.2.7.18. mysqli->get_client_info, mysqli_get_client_info

Copyright 1997-2008 the PHP Documentation Group.

  • mysqli->get_client_info

    mysqli_get_client_info

    Returns the MySQL client version as a string

Description

Object oriented style (method):

string mysqli::get_client_info();

Procedural style:

string mysqli_get_client_info(mysqli link);

Returns a string that represents the MySQL client library version.

Return Values

A string that represents the MySQL client library version

Examples

Example 20.96. mysqli_get_client_info

<?php

/* We don't need a connection to determine
   the version of mysql client library */

printf("Client library version: %s\n", mysqli_get_client_info());
?>

    

See Also

mysqli_get_client_version
mysqli_get_server_info
mysqli_get_server_version

20.9.2.7.19. mysqli->client_version, mysqli_get_client_version

Copyright 1997-2008 the PHP Documentation Group.

  • mysqli->client_version

    mysqli_get_client_version

    Get MySQL client info

Description

Object oriented style (property):

 mysqli {
  int client_version ;
}

Procedural style:

int mysqli_get_client_version(mysqli link);

Returns client version number as an integer.

Return Values

A number that represents the MySQL client library version in format: main_version*10000 + minor_version *100 + sub_version. For example, 4.1.0 is returned as 40100.

This is useful to quickly determine the version of the client library to know if some capability exits.

Examples

Example 20.97. mysqli_get_client_version

<?php

/* We don't need a connection to determine
   the version of mysql client library */

printf("Client library version: %d\n", mysqli_get_client_version());
?>

    

See Also

mysqli_get_client_info
mysqli_get_server_info
mysqli_get_server_version

20.9.2.7.20. mysqli::get_connection_stats, mysqli_get_connection_stats

Copyright 1997-2008 the PHP Documentation Group.

  • mysqli::get_connection_stats

    mysqli_get_connection_stats

    Returns statistics about the client connection

Description

Object oriented style (method):

bool mysqli::get_connection_stats();

Procedural style:

array mysqli_get_connection_stats(mysqli link);

Warning

This function is currently not documented; only its argument list is available.

Returns statistics about the client connection. Available only with mysqlnd.

Parameters

link

Procedural style only: A link identifier returned by mysqli_connect or mysqli_init

Return Values

Returns an array with connection stats if success, FALSE otherwise.

Examples

Example 20.98. A mysqli_get_connection_stats example

<?php
$link = mysqli_connect();
print_r(mysqli_get_connection_stats($link));
?>

    

The above example will output something similar to:



Array
(
    [bytes_sent] => 43
    [bytes_received] => 80
    [packets_sent] => 1
    [packets_received] => 2
    [protocol_overhead_in] => 8
    [protocol_overhead_out] => 4
    [bytes_received_ok_packet] => 11
    [bytes_received_eof_packet] => 0
    [bytes_received_rset_header_packet] => 0
    [bytes_received_rset_field_meta_packet] => 0
    [bytes_received_rset_row_packet] => 0
    [bytes_received_prepare_response_packet] => 0
    [bytes_received_change_user_packet] => 0
    [packets_sent_command] => 0
    [packets_received_ok] => 1
    [packets_received_eof] => 0
    [packets_received_rset_header] => 0
    [packets_received_rset_field_meta] => 0
    [packets_received_rset_row] => 0
    [packets_received_prepare_response] => 0
    [packets_received_change_user] => 0
    [result_set_queries] => 0
    [non_result_set_queries] => 0
    [no_index_used] => 0
    [bad_index_used] => 0
    [slow_queries] => 0
    [buffered_sets] => 0
    [unbuffered_sets] => 0
    [ps_buffered_sets] => 0
    [ps_unbuffered_sets] => 0
    [flushed_normal_sets] => 0
    [flushed_ps_sets] => 0
    [ps_prepared_never_executed] => 0
    [ps_prepared_once_executed] => 0
    [rows_fetched_from_server_normal] => 0
    [rows_fetched_from_server_ps] => 0
    [rows_buffered_from_client_normal] => 0
    [rows_buffered_from_client_ps] => 0
    [rows_fetched_from_client_normal_buffered] => 0
    [rows_fetched_from_client_normal_unbuffered] => 0
    [rows_fetched_from_client_ps_buffered] => 0
    [rows_fetched_from_client_ps_unbuffered] => 0
    [rows_fetched_from_client_ps_cursor] => 0
    [rows_skipped_normal] => 0
    [rows_skipped_ps] => 0
    [copy_on_write_saved] => 0
    [copy_on_write_performed] => 0
    [command_buffer_too_small] => 0
    [connect_success] => 1
    [connect_failure] => 0
    [connection_reused] => 0
    [reconnect] => 0
    [pconnect_success] => 0
    [active_connections] => 1
    [active_persistent_connections] => 0
    [explicit_close] => 0
    [implicit_close] => 0
    [disconnect_close] => 0
    [in_middle_of_command_close] => 0
    [explicit_free_result] => 0
    [implicit_free_result] => 0
    [explicit_stmt_close] => 0
    [implicit_stmt_close] => 0
    [mem_emalloc_count] => 0
    [mem_emalloc_ammount] => 0
    [mem_ecalloc_count] => 0
    [mem_ecalloc_ammount] => 0
    [mem_erealloc_count] => 0
    [mem_erealloc_ammount] => 0
    [mem_efree_count] => 0
    [mem_malloc_count] => 0
    [mem_malloc_ammount] => 0
    [mem_calloc_count] => 0
    [mem_calloc_ammount] => 0
    [mem_realloc_count] => 0
    [mem_realloc_ammount] => 0
    [mem_free_count] => 0
    [proto_text_fetched_null] => 0
    [proto_text_fetched_bit] => 0
    [proto_text_fetched_tinyint] => 0
    [proto_text_fetched_short] => 0
    [proto_text_fetched_int24] => 0
    [proto_text_fetched_int] => 0
    [proto_text_fetched_bigint] => 0
    [proto_text_fetched_decimal] => 0
    [proto_text_fetched_float] => 0
    [proto_text_fetched_double] => 0
    [proto_text_fetched_date] => 0
    [proto_text_fetched_year] => 0
    [proto_text_fetched_time] => 0
    [proto_text_fetched_datetime] => 0
    [proto_text_fetched_timestamp] => 0
    [proto_text_fetched_string] => 0
    [proto_text_fetched_blob] => 0
    [proto_text_fetched_enum] => 0
    [proto_text_fetched_set] => 0
    [proto_text_fetched_geometry] => 0
    [proto_text_fetched_other] => 0
    [proto_binary_fetched_null] => 0
    [proto_binary_fetched_bit] => 0
    [proto_binary_fetched_tinyint] => 0
    [proto_binary_fetched_short] => 0
    [proto_binary_fetched_int24] => 0
    [proto_binary_fetched_int] => 0
    [proto_binary_fetched_bigint] => 0
    [proto_binary_fetched_decimal] => 0
    [proto_binary_fetched_float] => 0
    [proto_binary_fetched_double] => 0
    [proto_binary_fetched_date] => 0
    [proto_binary_fetched_year] => 0
    [proto_binary_fetched_time] => 0
    [proto_binary_fetched_datetime] => 0
    [proto_binary_fetched_timestamp] => 0
    [proto_binary_fetched_string] => 0
    [proto_binary_fetched_blob] => 0
    [proto_binary_fetched_enum] => 0
    [proto_binary_fetched_set] => 0
    [proto_binary_fetched_geometry] => 0
    [proto_binary_fetched_other] => 0
)


          

20.9.2.7.21. mysqli->host_info, mysqli_get_host_info

Copyright 1997-2008 the PHP Documentation Group.

  • mysqli->host_info

    mysqli_get_host_info

    Returns a string representing the type of connection used

Description

Object oriented style (property):

 mysqli {
  string host_info ;
}

Procedural style:

string mysqli_get_host_info(mysqli link);

Returns a string describing the connection represented by the link parameter (including the server host name).

Parameters

link

Procedural style only: A link identifier returned by mysqli_connect or mysqli_init

Return Values

A character string representing the server hostname and the connection type.

Examples

Example 20.99. Object oriented style

<?php
$mysqli = new mysqli("localhost", "my_user", "my_password", "world");

/* check connection */
if (mysqli_connect_errno()) {
    printf("Connect failed: %s\n", mysqli_connect_error());
    exit();
}

/* print host information */
printf("Host info: %s\n", $mysqli->host_info);

/* close connection */
$mysqli->close();
?>

  

Example 20.100. Procedural style

<?php
$link = mysqli_connect("localhost", "my_user", "my_password", "world");

/* check connection */
if (mysqli_connect_errno()) {
    printf("Connect failed: %s\n", mysqli_connect_error());
    exit();
}

/* print host information */
printf("Host info: %s\n", mysqli_get_host_info($link));

/* close connection */
mysqli_close($link);
?>

   

The above example will output:



Host info: Localhost via UNIX socket


      

See Also

mysqli_get_proto_info

20.9.2.7.22. mysqli->protocol_version, mysqli_get_proto_info

Copyright 1997-2008 the PHP Documentation Group.

  • mysqli->protocol_version

    mysqli_get_proto_info

    Returns the version of the MySQL protocol used

Description

Object oriented style (property):

 mysqli {
  string protocol_version ;
}

Procedural style:

int mysqli_get_proto_info(mysqli link);

Returns an integer representing the MySQL protocol version used by the connection represented by the link parameter.

Parameters

link

Procedural style only: A link identifier returned by mysqli_connect or mysqli_init

Return Values

Returns an integer representing the protocol version.

Examples

Example 20.101. Object oriented style

<?php
$mysqli = new mysqli("localhost", "my_user", "my_password");

/* check connection */
if (mysqli_connect_errno()) {
    printf("Connect failed: %s\n", mysqli_connect_error());
    exit();
}

/* print protocol version */
printf("Protocol version: %d\n", $mysqli->protocol_version);

/* close connection */
$mysqli->close();
?>

  

Example 20.102. Procedural style

<?php
$link = mysqli_connect("localhost", "my_user", "my_password");

/* check connection */
if (mysqli_connect_errno()) {
    printf("Connect failed: %s\n", mysqli_connect_error());
    exit();
}

/* print protocol version */
printf("Protocol version: %d\n", mysqli_get_proto_info($link));

/* close connection */
mysqli_close($link);
?>

   

The above example will output:



Protocol version: 10


      

See Also

mysqli_get_host_info

20.9.2.7.23. mysqli->server_info, mysqli_get_server_info

Copyright 1997-2008 the PHP Documentation Group.

  • mysqli->server_info

    mysqli_get_server_info

    Returns the version of the MySQL server

Description

Object oriented style (property):

 mysqli {
  string server_info ;
}

Procedural style:

string mysqli_get_server_info(mysqli link);

Returns a string representing the version of the MySQL server that the MySQLi extension is connected to.

Parameters

link

Procedural style only: A link identifier returned by mysqli_connect or mysqli_init

Return Values

A character string representing the server version.

Examples

Example 20.103. Object oriented style

<?php
$mysqli = new mysqli("localhost", "my_user", "my_password");

/* check connection */
if (mysqli_connect_errno()) {
    printf("Connect failed: %s\n", mysqli_connect_error());
    exit();
}

/* print server version */
printf("Server version: %s\n", $mysqli->server_info);

/* close connection */
$mysqli->close();
?>

  

Example 20.104. Procedural style

<?php
$link = mysqli_connect("localhost", "my_user", "my_password");

/* check connection */
if (mysqli_connect_errno()) {
    printf("Connect failed: %s\n", mysqli_connect_error());
    exit();
}

/* print server version */
printf("Server version: %s\n", mysqli_get_server_info($link));

/* close connection */
mysqli_close($link);
?>

   

The above example will output:



Server version: 4.1.2-alpha-debug


      

See Also

mysqli_get_client_info
mysqli_get_client_version
mysqli_get_server_version

20.9.2.7.24. mysqli->server_version, mysqli_get_server_version

Copyright 1997-2008 the PHP Documentation Group.

  • mysqli->server_version

    mysqli_get_server_version

    Returns the version of the MySQL server as an integer

Description

Object oriented style (property):

 mysqli {
  int server_version ;
}

Procedural style:

int mysqli_get_server_version(mysqli link);

The mysqli_get_server_version function returns the version of the server connected to (represented by the link parameter) as an integer.

Parameters

link

Procedural style only: A link identifier returned by mysqli_connect or mysqli_init

Return Values

An integer representing the server version.

The form of this version number is main_version * 10000 + minor_version * 100 + sub_version (i.e. version 4.1.0 is 40100).

Examples

Example 20.105. Object oriented style

<?php
$mysqli = new mysqli("localhost", "my_user", "my_password");

/* check connection */
if (mysqli_connect_errno()) {
    printf("Connect failed: %s\n", mysqli_connect_error());
    exit();
}

/* print server version */
printf("Server version: %d\n", $mysqli->server_version);

/* close connection */
$mysqli->close();
?>

  

Example 20.106. Procedural style

<?php
$link = mysqli_connect("localhost", "my_user", "my_password");

/* check connection */
if (mysqli_connect_errno()) {
    printf("Connect failed: %s\n", mysqli_connect_error());
    exit();
}

/* print server version */
printf("Server version: %d\n", mysqli_get_server_version($link));

/* close connection */
mysqli_close($link);
?>

   

The above example will output:



Server version: 40102


      

See Also

mysqli_get_client_info
mysqli_get_client_version
mysqli_get_server_info

20.9.2.7.25. mysqli::get_warnings, mysqli_get_warnings

Copyright 1997-2008 the PHP Documentation Group.

  • mysqli::get_warnings

    mysqli_get_warnings

    Get result of SHOW WARNINGS

Description

mysqli_warnings mysqli::get_warnings();
mysqli_warnings mysqli_get_warnings(mysqli link);

Warning

This function is currently not documented; only its argument list is available.

20.9.2.7.26. mysqli->info, mysqli_info

Copyright 1997-2008 the PHP Documentation Group.

  • mysqli->info

    mysqli_info

    Retrieves information about the most recently executed query

Description

Object oriented style (property)

 mysqli {
  string info ;
}

Procedural style:

string mysqli_info(mysqli link);

The mysqli_info function returns a string providing information about the last query executed. The nature of this string is provided below:

Table 20.8. Possible mysqli_info return values

Query typeExample result string
INSERT INTO...SELECT...Records: 100 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
INSERT INTO...VALUES (...),(...),(...)Records: 3 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
LOAD DATA INFILE ...Records: 1 Deleted: 0 Skipped: 0 Warnings: 0
ALTER TABLE ...Records: 3 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
UPDATE ...Rows matched: 40 Changed: 40 Warnings: 0

Note

Queries which do not fall into one of the above formats are not supported. In these situations, mysqli_info will return an empty string.

Parameters

link

Procedural style only: A link identifier returned by mysqli_connect or mysqli_init

Return Values

A character string representing additional information about the most recently executed query.

Examples

Example 20.107. Object oriented style

<?php
$mysqli = new mysqli("localhost", "my_user", "my_password", "world");

/* check connection */
if (mysqli_connect_errno()) {
    printf("Connect failed: %s\n", mysqli_connect_error());
    exit();
}

$mysqli->query("CREATE TEMPORARY TABLE t1 LIKE City");

/* INSERT INTO .. SELECT */
$mysqli->query("INSERT INTO t1 SELECT * FROM City ORDER BY ID LIMIT 150");
printf("%s\n", $mysqli->info);

/* close connection */
$mysqli->close();
?>

  

Example 20.108. Procedural style

<?php
$link = mysqli_connect("localhost", "my_user", "my_password", "world");

/* check connection */
if (mysqli_connect_errno()) {
    printf("Connect failed: %s\n", mysqli_connect_error());
    exit();
}

mysqli_query($link, "CREATE TEMPORARY TABLE t1 LIKE City");

/* INSERT INTO .. SELECT */
mysqli_query($link, "INSERT INTO t1 SELECT * FROM City ORDER BY ID LIMIT 150");
printf("%s\n", mysqli_info($link));

/* close connection */
mysqli_close($link);
?>

   

The above example will output:



Records: 150  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0


      

See Also

mysqli_affected_rows
mysqli_warning_count
mysqli_num_rows

20.9.2.7.27. mysqli::init, mysqli_init

Copyright 1997-2008 the PHP Documentation Group.

  • mysqli::init

    mysqli_init

    Initializes MySQLi and returns a resource for use with mysqli_real_connect()

Description

Object oriented style (method):

mysqli mysqli::init();

Procedural style:

mysqli mysqli_init();

Allocates or initializes a MYSQL object suitable for mysqli_options and mysqli_real_connect.

Note

Any subsequent calls to any mysqli function (except mysqli_options) will fail until mysqli_real_connect was called.

Return Values

Returns an object.

Examples

See mysqli_real_connect.

See Also

mysqli_options
mysqli_close
mysqli_real_connect
mysqli_connect

20.9.2.7.28. mysqli->insert_id, mysqli_insert_id

Copyright 1997-2008 the PHP Documentation Group.

  • mysqli->insert_id

    mysqli_insert_id

    Returns the auto generated id used in the last query

Description

Object oriented style (property):

 mysqli {
  mixed insert_id ;
}

Procedural style:

mixed mysqli_insert_id(mysqli link);

The mysqli_insert_id function returns the ID generated by a query on a table with a column having the AUTO_INCREMENT attribute. If the last query wasn't an INSERT or UPDATE statement or if the modified table does not have a column with the AUTO_INCREMENT attribute, this function will return zero.

Note

Performing an INSERT or UPDATE statement using the LAST_INSERT_ID() function will also modify the value returned by the mysqli_insert_id function.

Parameters

link

Procedural style only: A link identifier returned by mysqli_connect or mysqli_init

Return Values

The value of the AUTO_INCREMENT field that was updated by the previous query. Returns zero if there was no previous query on the connection or if the query did not update an AUTO_INCREMENT value.

Note

If the number is greater than maximal int value, mysqli_insert_id will return a string.

Examples

Example 20.109. Object oriented style

<?php
$mysqli = new mysqli("localhost", "my_user", "my_password", "world");

/* check connection */
if (mysqli_connect_errno()) {
    printf("Connect failed: %s\n", mysqli_connect_error());
    exit();
}

$mysqli->query("CREATE TABLE myCity LIKE City");

$query = "INSERT INTO myCity VALUES (NULL, 'Stuttgart', 'DEU', 'Stuttgart', 617000)";
$mysqli->query($query);

printf ("New Record has id %d.\n", $mysqli->insert_id);

/* drop table */
$mysqli->query("DROP TABLE myCity");

/* close connection */
$mysqli->close();
?>

   

Example 20.110. Procedural style

<?php
$link = mysqli_connect("localhost", "my_user", "my_password", "world");

/* check connection */
if (mysqli_connect_errno()) {
    printf("Connect failed: %s\n", mysqli_connect_error());
    exit();
}

mysqli_query($link, "CREATE TABLE myCity LIKE City");

$query = "INSERT INTO myCity VALUES (NULL, 'Stuttgart', 'DEU', 'Stuttgart', 617000)";
mysqli_query($link, $query);

printf ("New Record has id %d.\n", mysqli_insert_id($link));

/* drop table */
mysqli_query($link, "DROP TABLE myCity");

/* close connection */
mysqli_close($link);
?>

   

The above example will output:



New Record has id 1.


      
20.9.2.7.29. mysqli::kill, mysqli_kill

Copyright 1997-2008 the PHP Documentation Group.

  • mysqli::kill

    mysqli_kill

    Asks the server to kill a MySQL thread

Description

Object oriented style (method)

bool mysqli::kill(int processid);

Procedural style:

bool mysqli_kill(mysqli link,
                 int processid);

This function is used to ask the server to kill a MySQL thread specified by the processid parameter. This value must be retrieved by calling the mysqli_thread_id function.

To stop a running query you should use the SQL command KILL QUERY processid.

Parameters

link

Procedural style only: A link identifier returned by mysqli_connect or mysqli_init

Return Values

Returns TRUE on success or FALSE on failure.

Examples

Example 20.111. Object oriented style

<?php
$mysqli = new mysqli("localhost", "my_user", "my_password", "world");

/* check connection */
if (mysqli_connect_errno()) {
    printf("Connect failed: %s\n", mysqli_connect_error());
    exit();
}

/* determine our thread id */
$thread_id = $mysqli->thread_id;

/* Kill connection */
$mysqli->kill($thread_id);

/* This should produce an error */
if (!$mysqli->query("CREATE TABLE myCity LIKE City")) {
    printf("Error: %s\n", $mysqli->error);
    exit;
}

/* close connection */
$mysqli->close();
?>

  

Example 20.112. Procedural style

<?php
$link = mysqli_connect("localhost", "my_user", "my_password", "world");

/* check connection */
if (mysqli_connect_errno()) {
    printf("Connect failed: %s\n", mysqli_connect_error());
    exit();
}

/* determine our thread id */
$thread_id = mysqli_thread_id($link);

/* Kill connection */
mysqli_kill($link, $thread_id);

/* This should produce an error */
if (!mysqli_query($link, "CREATE TABLE myCity LIKE City")) {
    printf("Error: %s\n", mysqli_error($link));
    exit;
}

/* close connection */
mysqli_close($link);
?>

   

The above example will output:



Error: MySQL server has gone away


      

See Also

mysqli_thread_id

20.9.2.7.30. mysqli::more_results, mysqli_more_results

Copyright 1997-2008 the PHP Documentation Group.

  • mysqli::more_results

    mysqli_more_results

    Check if there are any more query results from a multi query

Description

bool mysqli::more_results();
bool mysqli_more_results(mysqli link);

Indicates if one or more result sets are available from a previous call to mysqli_multi_query.

Parameters

link

Procedural style only: A link identifier returned by mysqli_connect or mysqli_init

Return Values

Returns TRUE on success or FALSE on failure.

Examples

See mysqli_multi_query.

See Also

mysqli_multi_query
mysqli_next_result
mysqli_store_result
mysqli_use_result

20.9.2.7.31. mysqli::multi_query, mysqli_multi_query

Copyright 1997-2008 the PHP Documentation Group.

  • mysqli::multi_query

    mysqli_multi_query

    Performs a query on the database

Description

Object oriented style (method):

bool mysqli::multi_query(string query);

Procedural style:

bool mysqli_multi_query(mysqli link,
                        string query);

Executes one or multiple queries which are concatenated by a semicolon.

To retrieve the resultset from the first query you can use mysqli_use_result or mysqli_store_result. All subsequent query results can be processed using mysqli_more_results and mysqli_next_result.

Parameters

link

Procedural style only: A link identifier returned by mysqli_connect or mysqli_init

query

The query, as a string.

Data inside the query should be properly escaped.

Return Values

Returns FALSE if the first statement failed. To retrieve subsequent errors from other statements you have to call mysqli_next_result first.

Examples

Example 20.113. Object oriented style

<?php
$mysqli = new mysqli("localhost", "my_user", "my_password", "world");

/* check connection */
if (mysqli_connect_errno()) {
    printf("Connect failed: %s\n", mysqli_connect_error());
    exit();
}

$query  = "SELECT CURRENT_USER();";
$query .= "SELECT Name FROM City ORDER BY ID LIMIT 20, 5";

/* execute multi query */
if ($mysqli->multi_query($query)) {
    do {
        /* store first result set */
        if ($result = $mysqli->store_result()) {
            while ($row = $result->fetch_row()) {
                printf("%s\n", $row[0]);
            }
            $result->free();
        }
        /* print divider */
        if ($mysqli->more_results()) {
            printf("-----------------\n");
        }
    } while ($mysqli->next_result());
}

/* close connection */
$mysqli->close();
?>

  

Example 20.114. Procedural style

<?php
$link = mysqli_connect("localhost", "my_user", "my_password", "world");

/* check connection */
if (mysqli_connect_errno()) {
    printf("Connect failed: %s\n", mysqli_connect_error());
    exit();
}

$query  = "SELECT CURRENT_USER();";
$query .= "SELECT Name FROM City ORDER BY ID LIMIT 20, 5";

/* execute multi query */
if (mysqli_multi_query($link, $query)) {
    do {
        /* store first result set */
        if ($result = mysqli_store_result($link)) {
            while ($row = mysqli_fetch_row($result)) {
                printf("%s\n", $row[0]);
            }
            mysqli_free_result($result);
        }
        /* print divider */
        if (mysqli_more_results($link)) {
            printf("-----------------\n");
        }
    } while (mysqli_next_result($link));
}

/* close connection */
mysqli_close($link);
?>

   

The above example will output something similar to:



my_user@localhost
-----------------
Amersfoort
Maastricht
Dordrecht
Leiden
Haarlemmermeer


      

See Also

mysqli_use_result
mysqli_store_result
mysqli_next_result
mysqli_more_results

20.9.2.7.32. mysqli::next_result, mysqli_next_result

Copyright 1997-2008 the PHP Documentation Group.

  • mysqli::next_result

    mysqli_next_result

    Prepare next result from multi_query

Description

bool mysqli::next_result();
bool mysqli_next_result(mysqli link);

Prepares next result set from a previous call to mysqli_multi_query which can be retrieved by mysqli_store_result or mysqli_use_result.

Parameters

link

Procedural style only: A link identifier returned by mysqli_connect or mysqli_init

Return Values

Returns TRUE on success or FALSE on failure.

Examples

See mysqli_multi_query.

See Also

mysqli_multi_query
mysqli_more_results
mysqli_store_result
mysqli_use_result

20.9.2.7.33. mysqli::options, mysqli_options

Copyright 1997-2008 the PHP Documentation Group.

  • mysqli::options

    mysqli_options

    Set options

Description

Object oriented style (method)

bool mysqli::options(int option,
                     mixed value);

Procedural style:

bool mysqli_options(mysqli link,
                    int option,
                    mixed value);

Used to set extra connect options and affect behavior for a connection.

This function may be called multiple times to set several options.

mysqli_options should be called after mysqli_init and before mysqli_real_connect.

Parameters

link

Procedural style only: A link identifier returned by mysqli_connect or mysqli_init

option

The option that you want to set. It can be one of the following values:

Table 20.9. Valid options

NameDescription
MYSQLI_OPT_CONNECT_TIMEOUTconnection timeout in seconds (supported on Windows with TCP/IP since PHP 5.3.1)
MYSQLI_OPT_LOCAL_INFILEenable/disable use of LOAD LOCAL INFILE
MYSQLI_INIT_COMMANDcommand to execute after when connecting to MySQL server
MYSQLI_READ_DEFAULT_FILERead options from named option file instead of my.cnf
MYSQLI_READ_DEFAULT_GROUPRead options from the named group from my.cnf or the file specified with MYSQL_READ_DEFAULT_FILE .

value

The value for the option.

Return Values

Returns TRUE on success or FALSE on failure.

Examples

See mysqli_real_connect.

See Also

mysqli_init
mysqli_real_connect

20.9.2.7.34. mysqli::ping, mysqli_ping

Copyright 1997-2008 the PHP Documentation Group.

  • mysqli::ping

    mysqli_ping

    Pings a server connection, or tries to reconnect if the connection has gone down

Description

Object oriented style (method):

bool mysqli::ping();

Procedural style:

bool mysqli_ping(mysqli link);

Checks whether the connection to the server is working. If it has gone down, and global option mysqli.reconnect is enabled an automatic reconnection is attempted.

This function can be used by clients that remain idle for a long while, to check whether the server has closed the connection and reconnect if necessary.

Parameters

link

Procedural style only: A link identifier returned by mysqli_connect or mysqli_init

Return Values

Returns TRUE on success or FALSE on failure.

Examples

Example 20.115. Object oriented style

<?php
$mysqli = new mysqli("localhost", "my_user", "my_password", "world");

/* check connection */
if (mysqli_connect_errno()) {
    printf("Connect failed: %s\n", mysqli_connect_error());
    exit();
}

/* check if server is alive */
if ($mysqli->ping()) {
    printf ("Our connection is ok!\n");
} else {
    printf ("Error: %s\n", $mysqli->error);
}

/* close connection */
$mysqli->close();
?>

  

Example 20.116. Procedural style

<?php
$link = mysqli_connect("localhost", "my_user", "my_password", "world");

/* check connection */
if (mysqli_connect_errno()) {
    printf("Connect failed: %s\n", mysqli_connect_error());
    exit();
}

/* check if server is alive */
if (mysqli_ping($link)) {
    printf ("Our connection is ok!\n");
} else {
    printf ("Error: %s\n", mysqli_error($link));
}

/* close connection */
mysqli_close($link);
?>

   

The above example will output:



Our connection is ok!


      
20.9.2.7.35. mysqli::poll, mysqli_poll

Copyright 1997-2008 the PHP Documentation Group.

  • mysqli::poll

    mysqli_poll

    Poll connections

Description

public int mysqli::poll(array read,
                        array error,
                        array reject,
                        int sec,
                        int usec);

int mysqli_poll(array read,
                array error,
                array reject,
                int sec,
                int usec);

Warning

This function is currently not documented; only its argument list is available.

Poll connections. Available only with mysqlnd.

Parameters

read

error

reject

sec

Number of seconds to wait, must be non-negative.

usec

Number of microseconds to wait, must be non-negative.

Return Values

Returns number of ready connections in success, FALSE otherwise.

Examples

Example 20.117. A mysqli_poll example

<?php
$link1 = mysqli_connect();
$link1->query("SELECT 'test'", MYSQLI_ASYNC);
$all_links = array($link1);
$processed = 0;
do {
    $links = $errors = $reject = array();
    foreach ($all_links as $link) {
        $links[] = $errors[] = $reject[] = $link;
    }
    if (!mysqli_poll($links, $errors, $reject, 1)) {
        continue;
    }
    foreach ($links as $link) {
        if ($result = $link->reap_async_query()) {
            print_r($result->fetch_row());
            mysqli_free_result($result);
            $processed++;
        }
    }
} while ($processed < count($all_links));
?>

    

The above example will output:



Array
(
    [0] => test
)


          

See Also

20.9.2.7.36. mysqli::prepare, mysqli_prepare

Copyright 1997-2008 the PHP Documentation Group.

  • mysqli::prepare

    mysqli_prepare

    Prepare a SQL statement for execution

Description

Object oriented style (method)

mysqli_stmt mysqli::prepare(string query);

Procedure style:

mysqli_stmt mysqli_prepare(mysqli link,
                           string query);

Prepares the SQL query, and returns a statement handle to be used for further operations on the statement. The query must consist of a single SQL statement.

The parameter markers must be bound to application variables using mysqli_stmt_bind_param and/or mysqli_stmt_bind_result before executing the statement or fetching rows.

Parameters

link

Procedural style only: A link identifier returned by mysqli_connect or mysqli_init

query

The query, as a string.

Note

You should not add a terminating semicolon or \g to the statement.

This parameter can include one or more parameter markers in the SQL statement by embedding question mark (?) characters at the appropriate positions.

Note

The markers are legal only in certain places in SQL statements. For example, they are allowed in the VALUES() list of an INSERT statement (to specify column values for a row), or in a comparison with a column in a WHERE clause to specify a comparison value.

However, they are not allowed for identifiers (such as table or column names), in the select list that names the columns to be returned by a SELECT statement, or to specify both operands of a binary operator such as the = equal sign. The latter restriction is necessary because it would be impossible to determine the parameter type. It's not allowed to compare marker with NULL by ? IS NULL too. In general, parameters are legal only in Data Manipulation Language (DML) statements, and not in Data Definition Language (DDL) statements.

Return Values

mysqli_prepare returns a statement object or FALSE if an error occurred.

Examples

Example 20.118. Object oriented style

<?php
$mysqli = new mysqli("localhost", "my_user", "my_password", "world");

/* check connection */
if (mysqli_connect_errno()) {
    printf("Connect failed: %s\n", mysqli_connect_error());
    exit();
}

$city = "Amersfoort";

/* create a prepared statement */
if ($stmt = $mysqli->prepare("SELECT District FROM City WHERE Name=?")) {

    /* bind parameters for markers */
    $stmt->bind_param("s", $city);

    /* execute query */
    $stmt->execute();

    /* bind result variables */
    $stmt->bind_result($district);

    /* fetch value */
    $stmt->fetch();

    printf("%s is in district %s\n", $city, $district);

    /* close statement */
    $stmt->close();
}

/* close connection */
$mysqli->close();
?>

  

Example 20.119. Procedural style

<?php
$link = mysqli_connect("localhost", "my_user", "my_password", "world");

/* check connection */
if (mysqli_connect_errno()) {
    printf("Connect failed: %s\n", mysqli_connect_error());
    exit();
}

$city = "Amersfoort";

/* create a prepared statement */
if ($stmt = mysqli_prepare($link, "SELECT District FROM City WHERE Name=?")) {

    /* bind parameters for markers */
    mysqli_stmt_bind_param($stmt, "s", $city);

    /* execute query */
    mysqli_stmt_execute($stmt);

    /* bind result variables */
    mysqli_stmt_bind_result($stmt, $district);

    /* fetch value */
    mysqli_stmt_fetch($stmt);

    printf("%s is in district %s\n", $city, $district);

    /* close statement */
    mysqli_stmt_close($stmt);
}

/* close connection */
mysqli_close($link);
?>

   

The above example will output:



Amersfoort is in district Utrecht


      

See Also

mysqli_stmt_execute
mysqli_stmt_fetch
mysqli_stmt_bind_param
mysqli_stmt_bind_result
mysqli_stmt_close

20.9.2.7.37. mysqli::query, mysqli_query

Copyright 1997-2008 the PHP Documentation Group.

  • mysqli::query

    mysqli_query

    Performs a query on the database

Description

Object oriented style (method):

mixed mysqli::query(string query,
                    int resultmode);

Procedural style:

mixed mysqli_query(mysqli link,
                   string query,
                   int resultmode);

Performs a query against the database.

Functionally, using this function is identical to calling mysqli_real_query followed either by mysqli_use_result or mysqli_store_result.

Parameters

link

Procedural style only: A link identifier returned by mysqli_connect or mysqli_init

query

The query string.

Data inside the query should be properly escaped.

resultmode

Either the constant MYSQLI_USE_RESULT or MYSQLI_STORE_RESULT depending on the desired behavior. By default, MYSQLI_STORE_RESULT is used.

If you use MYSQLI_USE_RESULT all subsequent calls will return error Commands out of sync unless you call mysqli_free_result

With MYSQLI_ASYNC (available with mysqlnd), it is possible to perform query asynchronously. mysqli_poll is then used to get results from such queries.

Return Values

Returns FALSE on failure. For successful SELECT, SHOW, DESCRIBE or EXPLAIN queries mysqli_query will return a result object. For other successful queries mysqli_query will return TRUE .

Changelog

VersionDescription
5.3.0Added the ability of async queries.

Examples

Example 20.120. Object oriented style

<?php
$mysqli = new mysqli("localhost", "my_user", "my_password", "world");

/* check connection */
if (mysqli_connect_errno()) {
    printf("Connect failed: %s\n", mysqli_connect_error());
    exit();
}

/* Create table doesn't return a resultset */
if ($mysqli->query("CREATE TEMPORARY TABLE myCity LIKE City") === TRUE) {
    printf("Table myCity successfully created.\n");
}

/* Select queries return a resultset */
if ($result = $mysqli->query("SELECT Name FROM City LIMIT 10")) {
    printf("Select returned %d rows.\n", $result->num_rows);

    /* free result set */
    $result->close();
}

/* If we have to retrieve large amount of data we use MYSQLI_USE_RESULT */
if ($result = $mysqli->query("SELECT * FROM City", MYSQLI_USE_RESULT)) {

    /* Note, that we can't execute any functions which interact with the
       server until result set was closed. All calls will return an
       'out of sync' error */
    if (!$mysqli->query("SET @a:='this will not work'")) {
        printf("Error: %s\n", $mysqli->error);
    }
    $result->close();
}

$mysqli->close();
?>

  

Example 20.121. Procedural style

<?php
$link = mysqli_connect("localhost", "my_user", "my_password", "world");

/* check connection */
if (mysqli_connect_errno()) {
    printf("Connect failed: %s\n", mysqli_connect_error());
    exit();
}

/* Create table doesn't return a resultset */
if (mysqli_query($link, "CREATE TEMPORARY TABLE myCity LIKE City") === TRUE) {
    printf("Table myCity successfully created.\n");
}

/* Select queries return a resultset */
if ($result = mysqli_query($link, "SELECT Name FROM City LIMIT 10")) {
    printf("Select returned %d rows.\n", mysqli_num_rows($result));

    /* free result set */
    mysqli_free_result($result);
}

/* If we have to retrieve large amount of data we use MYSQLI_USE_RESULT */
if ($result = mysqli_query($link, "SELECT * FROM City", MYSQLI_USE_RESULT)) {

    /* Note, that we can't execute any functions which interact with the
       server until result set was closed. All calls will return an
       'out of sync' error */
    if (!mysqli_query($link, "SET @a:='this will not work'")) {
        printf("Error: %s\n", mysqli_error($link));
    }
    mysqli_free_result($result);
}

mysqli_close($link);
?>

   

The above example will output:



Table myCity successfully created.
Select returned 10 rows.
Error: Commands out of sync;  You can't run this command now


      

See Also

mysqli_real_query
mysqli_multi_query
mysqli_free_result

20.9.2.7.38. mysqli::real_connect, mysqli_real_connect

Copyright 1997-2008 the PHP Documentation Group.

  • mysqli::real_connect

    mysqli_real_connect

    Opens a connection to a mysql server

Description

Object oriented style (method)

bool mysqli::real_connect(string host,
                          string username,
                          string passwd,
                          string dbname,
                          int port,
                          string socket,
                          int flags);

Procedural style

bool mysqli_real_connect(mysqli link,
                         string host,
                         string username,
                         string passwd,
                         string dbname,
                         int port,
                         string socket,
                         int flags);

Establish a connection to a MySQL database engine.

This function differs from mysqli_connect:

  • mysqli_real_connect needs a valid object which has to be created by function mysqli_init.

  • With the mysqli_options function you can set various options for connection.

  • There is a flags parameter.

Parameters

link

Procedural style only: A link identifier returned by mysqli_connect or mysqli_init

host

Can be either a host name or an IP address. Passing the NULL value or the string "localhost" to this parameter, the local host is assumed. When possible, pipes will be used instead of the TCP/IP protocol.

username

The MySQL user name.

passwd

If provided or NULL , the MySQL server will attempt to authenticate the user against those user records which have no password only. This allows one username to be used with different permissions (depending on if a password as provided or not).

dbname

If provided will specify the default database to be used when performing queries.

port

Specifies the port number to attempt to connect to the MySQL server.

socket

Specifies the socket or named pipe that should be used.

Note

Specifying the socket parameter will not explicitly determine the type of connection to be used when connecting to the MySQL server. How the connection is made to the MySQL database is determined by the host parameter.

flags

With the parameter flags you can set different connection options:

Table 20.10. Supported flags

NameDescription
MYSQLI_CLIENT_COMPRESSUse compression protocol
MYSQLI_CLIENT_FOUND_ROWSreturn number of matched rows, not the number of affected rows
MYSQLI_CLIENT_IGNORE_SPACEAllow spaces after function names. Makes all function names reserved words.
MYSQLI_CLIENT_INTERACTIVEAllow interactive_timeout seconds (instead of wait_timeout seconds) of inactivity before closing the connection
MYSQLI_CLIENT_SSLUse SSL (encryption)

Note

For security reasons the MULTI_STATEMENT flag is not supported in PHP. If you want to execute multiple queries use the mysqli_multi_query function.

Return Values

Returns TRUE on success or FALSE on failure.

Examples

Example 20.122. Object oriented style

<?php

$mysqli = mysqli_init();
if (!$mysqli) {
    die('mysqli_init failed');
}

if (!$mysqli->options(MYSQLI_INIT_COMMAND, 'SET AUTOCOMMIT = 0')) {
    die('Setting MYSQLI_INIT_COMMAND failed');
}

if (!$mysqli->options(MYSQLI_OPT_CONNECT_TIMEOUT, 5)) {
    die('Setting MYSQLI_OPT_CONNECT_TIMEOUT failed');
}

if (!$mysqli->real_connect('localhost', 'my_user', 'my_password', 'my_db')) {
    die('Connect Error (' . mysqli_connect_errno() . ') '
            . mysqli_connect_error());
}

echo 'Success... ' . $mysqli->host_info . "\n";

$mysqli->close();
?>

   

Example 20.123. Object oriented style when extending mysqli class

<?php

class foo_mysqli extends mysqli {
    public function __construct($host, $user, $pass, $db) {
        parent::init();

        if (!parent::options(MYSQLI_INIT_COMMAND, 'SET AUTOCOMMIT = 0')) {
            die('Setting MYSQLI_INIT_COMMAND failed');
        }

        if (!parent::options(MYSQLI_OPT_CONNECT_TIMEOUT, 5)) {
            die('Setting MYSQLI_OPT_CONNECT_TIMEOUT failed');
        }

        if (!parent::real_connect($host, $user, $pass, $db)) {
            die('Connect Error (' . mysqli_connect_errno() . ') '
                    . mysqli_connect_error());
        }
    }
}

$db = new foo_mysqli('localhost', 'my_user', 'my_password', 'my_db');

echo 'Success... ' . $db->host_info . "\n";

$db->close();
?>

   

Example 20.124. Procedural style

<?php

$link = mysqli_init();
if (!$link) {
    die('mysqli_init failed');
}

if (!mysqli_options($link, MYSQLI_INIT_COMMAND, 'SET AUTOCOMMIT = 0')) {
    die('Setting MYSQLI_INIT_COMMAND failed');
}

if (!mysqli_options($link, MYSQLI_OPT_CONNECT_TIMEOUT, 5)) {
    die('Setting MYSQLI_OPT_CONNECT_TIMEOUT failed');
}

if (!mysqli_real_connect($link, 'localhost', 'my_user', 'my_password', 'my_db')) {
    die('Connect Error (' . mysqli_connect_errno() . ') '
            . mysqli_connect_error());
}

echo 'Success... ' . mysqli_get_host_info($link) . "\n";

mysqli_close($link);
?>

   

The above example will output:



Success... MySQL host info: localhost via TCP/IP


      

See Also

mysqli_connect
mysqli_init
mysqli_options
mysqli_ssl_set
mysqli_close

20.9.2.7.39. mysqli::real_escape_string, mysqli_real_escape_string

Copyright 1997-2008 the PHP Documentation Group.

  • mysqli::real_escape_string

    mysqli_real_escape_string

    Escapes special characters in a string for use in a SQL statement, taking into account the current charset of the connection

Description

Object oriented style (both methods are equivalent):

string mysqli::escape_string(string escapestr);
string mysqli::real_escape_string(string escapestr);

Procedural style:

string mysqli_real_escape_string(mysqli link,
                                 string escapestr);

This function is used to create a legal SQL string that you can use in an SQL statement. The given string is encoded to an escaped SQL string, taking into account the current character set of the connection.

Parameters

link

Procedural style only: A link identifier returned by mysqli_connect or mysqli_init

escapestr

The string to be escaped.

Characters encoded are NUL (ASCII 0), \n, \r, \, ', ", and Control-Z.

Return Values

Returns an escaped string.

Examples

Example 20.125. Object oriented style

<?php
$mysqli = new mysqli("localhost", "my_user", "my_password", "world");

/* check connection */
if (mysqli_connect_errno()) {
    printf("Connect failed: %s\n", mysqli_connect_error());
    exit();
}

$mysqli->query("CREATE TEMPORARY TABLE myCity LIKE City");

$city = "'s Hertogenbosch";

/* this query will fail, cause we didn't escape $city */
if (!$mysqli->query("INSERT into myCity (Name) VALUES ('$city')")) {
    printf("Error: %s\n", $mysqli->sqlstate);
}

$city = $mysqli->real_escape_string($city);

/* this query with escaped $city will work */
if ($mysqli->query("INSERT into myCity (Name) VALUES ('$city')")) {
    printf("%d Row inserted.\n", $mysqli->affected_rows);
}

$mysqli->close();
?>

  

Example 20.126. Procedural style

<?php
$link = mysqli_connect("localhost", "my_user", "my_password", "world");

/* check connection */
if (mysqli_connect_errno()) {
    printf("Connect failed: %s\n", mysqli_connect_error());
    exit();
}

mysqli_query($link, "CREATE TEMPORARY TABLE myCity LIKE City");

$city = "'s Hertogenbosch";

/* this query will fail, cause we didn't escape $city */
if (!mysqli_query($link, "INSERT into myCity (Name) VALUES ('$city')")) {
    printf("Error: %s\n", mysqli_sqlstate($link));
}

$city = mysqli_real_escape_string($link, $city);

/* this query with escaped $city will work */
if (mysqli_query($link, "INSERT into myCity (Name) VALUES ('$city')")) {
    printf("%d Row inserted.\n", mysqli_affected_rows($link));
}

mysqli_close($link);
?>

   

The above example will output:



Error: 42000
1 Row inserted.


      

See Also

mysqli_character_set_name

20.9.2.7.40. mysqli::real_query, mysqli_real_query

Copyright 1997-2008 the PHP Documentation Group.

  • mysqli::real_query

    mysqli_real_query

    Execute an SQL query

Description

Object oriented style (method):

bool mysqli::real_query(string query);

Procedural style

bool mysqli_real_query(mysqli link,
                       string query);

Executes a single query against the database whose result can then be retrieved or stored using the mysqli_store_result or mysqli_use_result functions.

In order to determine if a given query should return a result set or not, see mysqli_field_count.

Parameters

link

Procedural style only: A link identifier returned by mysqli_connect or mysqli_init

query

The query, as a string.

Data inside the query should be properly escaped.

Return Values

Returns TRUE on success or FALSE on failure.

See Also

mysqli_query
mysqli_store_result
mysqli_use_result

20.9.2.7.41. mysqli::reap_async_query, mysqli_reap_async_query

Copyright 1997-2008 the PHP Documentation Group.

  • mysqli::reap_async_query

    mysqli_reap_async_query

    Get result from async query

Description

public mysqli_result mysqli::reap_async_query();
mysqli_result mysqli_reap_async_query(mysql link);

Warning

This function is currently not documented; only its argument list is available.

Get result from async query. Available only with mysqlnd.

Parameters

link

Procedural style only: A link identifier returned by mysqli_connect or mysqli_init

Return Values

Returns mysqli_result in success, FALSE otherwise.

See Also

mysqli_poll

20.9.2.7.42. mysqli::rollback, mysqli_rollback

Copyright 1997-2008 the PHP Documentation Group.

  • mysqli::rollback

    mysqli_rollback

    Rolls back current transaction

Description

Object oriented style (method):

bool mysqli::rollback();

Procedural style:

bool mysqli_rollback(mysqli link);

Rollbacks the current transaction for the database.

Parameters

link

Procedural style only: A link identifier returned by mysqli_connect or mysqli_init

Return Values

Returns TRUE on success or FALSE on failure.

Examples

Example 20.127. Object oriented style

<?php
$mysqli = new mysqli("localhost", "my_user", "my_password", "world");

/* check connection */
if (mysqli_connect_errno()) {
    printf("Connect failed: %s\n", mysqli_connect_error());
    exit();
}

/* disable autocommit */
$mysqli->autocommit(FALSE);

$mysqli->query("CREATE TABLE myCity LIKE City");
$mysqli->query("ALTER TABLE myCity Type=InnoDB");
$mysqli->query("INSERT INTO myCity SELECT * FROM City LIMIT 50");

/* commit insert */
$mysqli->commit();

/* delete all rows */
$mysqli->query("DELETE FROM myCity");

if ($result = $mysqli->query("SELECT COUNT(*) FROM myCity")) {
    $row = $result->fetch_row();
    printf("%d rows in table myCity.\n", $row[0]);
    /* Free result */
    $result->close();
}

/* Rollback */
$mysqli->rollback();

if ($result = $mysqli->query("SELECT COUNT(*) FROM myCity")) {
    $row = $result->fetch_row();
    printf("%d rows in table myCity (after rollback).\n", $row[0]);
    /* Free result */
    $result->close();
}

/* Drop table myCity */
$mysqli->query("DROP TABLE myCity");

$mysqli->close();
?>

  

Example 20.128. Procedural style

<?php
$link = mysqli_connect("localhost", "my_user", "my_password", "world");

/* check connection */
if (mysqli_connect_errno()) {
    printf("Connect failed: %s\n", mysqli_connect_error());
    exit();
}

/* disable autocommit */
mysqli_autocommit($link, FALSE);

mysqli_query($link, "CREATE TABLE myCity LIKE City");
mysqli_query($link, "ALTER TABLE myCity Type=InnoDB");
mysqli_query($link, "INSERT INTO myCity SELECT * FROM City LIMIT 50");

/* commit insert */
mysqli_commit($link);

/* delete all rows */
mysqli_query($link, "DELETE FROM myCity");

if ($result = mysqli_query($link, "SELECT COUNT(*) FROM myCity")) {
    $row = mysqli_fetch_row($result);
    printf("%d rows in table myCity.\n", $row[0]);
    /* Free result */
    mysqli_free_result($result);
}

/* Rollback */
mysqli_rollback($link);

if ($result = mysqli_query($link, "SELECT COUNT(*) FROM myCity")) {
    $row = mysqli_fetch_row($result);
    printf("%d rows in table myCity (after rollback).\n", $row[0]);
    /* Free result */
    mysqli_free_result($result);
}

/* Drop table myCity */
mysqli_query($link, "DROP TABLE myCity");

mysqli_close($link);
?>

   

The above example will output:



0 rows in table myCity.
50 rows in table myCity (after rollback).


      

See Also

mysqli_commit
mysqli_autocommit

20.9.2.7.43. mysqli::select_db, mysqli_select_db

Copyright 1997-2008 the PHP Documentation Group.

  • mysqli::select_db

    mysqli_select_db

    Selects the default database for database queries

Description

Object oriented style (method):

bool mysqli::select_db(string dbname);

Procedural style:

bool mysqli_select_db(mysqli link,
                      string dbname);

Selects the default database to be used when performing queries against the database connection.

Note

This function should only be used to change the default database for the connection. You can select the default database with 4th parameter in mysqli_connect.

Parameters

link

Procedural style only: A link identifier returned by mysqli_connect or mysqli_init

dbname

The database name.

Return Values

Returns TRUE on success or FALSE on failure.

Examples

Example 20.129. Object oriented style

<?php
$mysqli = new mysqli("localhost", "my_user", "my_password", "test");

/* check connection */
if (mysqli_connect_errno()) {
    printf("Connect failed: %s\n", mysqli_connect_error());
    exit();
}

/* return name of current default database */
if ($result = $mysqli->query("SELECT DATABASE()")) {
    $row = $result->fetch_row();
    printf("Default database is %s.\n", $row[0]);
    $result->close();
}

/* change db to world db */
$mysqli->select_db("world");

/* return name of current default database */
if ($result = $mysqli->query("SELECT DATABASE()")) {
    $row = $result->fetch_row();
    printf("Default database is %s.\n", $row[0]);
    $result->close();
}

$mysqli->close();
?>

  

Example 20.130. Procedural style

<?php
$link = mysqli_connect("localhost", "my_user", "my_password", "test");

/* check connection */
if (mysqli_connect_errno()) {
    printf("Connect failed: %s\n", mysqli_connect_error());
    exit();
}

/* return name of current default database */
if ($result = mysqli_query($link, "SELECT DATABASE()")) {
    $row = mysqli_fetch_row($result);
    printf("Default database is %s.\n", $row[0]);
    mysqli_free_result($result);
}

/* change db to world db */
mysqli_select_db($link, "world");

/* return name of current default database */
if ($result = mysqli_query($link, "SELECT DATABASE()")) {
    $row = mysqli_fetch_row($result);
    printf("Default database is %s.\n", $row[0]);
    mysqli_free_result($result);
}

mysqli_close($link);
?>

   

The above example will output:



Default database is test.
Default database is world.


      

See Also

mysqli_connect
mysqli_real_connect

20.9.2.7.44. mysqli::set_charset, mysqli_set_charset

Copyright 1997-2008 the PHP Documentation Group.

  • mysqli::set_charset

    mysqli_set_charset

    Sets the default client character set

Description

Object oriented style (method):

bool mysqli::set_charset(string charset);

Procedural style:

bool mysqli_set_charset(mysqli link,
                        string charset);

Sets the default character set to be used when sending data from and to the database server.

Parameters

link

Procedural style only: A link identifier returned by mysqli_connect or mysqli_init

charset

The charset to be set as default.

Return Values

Returns TRUE on success or FALSE on failure.

Notes

Note

To use this function on a Windows platform you need MySQL client library version 4.1.11 or above (for MySQL 5.0 you need 5.0.6 or above).

Note

This is the preferred way to change the charset. Using mysqli::query to execute SET NAMES .. is not recommended.

Examples

Example 20.131. Object oriented style

<?php
$mysqli = new mysqli("localhost", "my_user", "my_password", "test");

/* check connection */
if (mysqli_connect_errno()) {
    printf("Connect failed: %s\n", mysqli_connect_error());
    exit();
}

/* change character set to utf8 */
if (!$mysqli->set_charset("utf8")) {
    printf("Error loading character set utf8: %s\n", $mysqli->error);
} else {
    printf("Current character set: %s\n", $mysqli->character_set_name());
}

$mysqli->close();
?>

  

Example 20.132. Procedural style

<?php
$link = mysqli_connect('localhost', 'my_user', 'my_password', 'test');

/* check connection */
if (mysqli_connect_errno()) {
    printf("Connect failed: %s\n", mysqli_connect_error());
    exit();
}

/* change character set to utf8 */
if (!mysqli_set_charset($link, "utf8")) {
    printf("Error loading character set utf8: %s\n", mysqli_error($link));
} else {
    printf("Current character set: %s\n", mysqli_character_set_name($link));
}

mysqli_close($link);
?>

   

The above example will output:



Current character set: utf8


      

See Also

mysqli_character_set_name
mysqli_real_escape_string
List of character sets that MySQL supports

20.9.2.7.45. mysqli::set_local_infile_default, mysqli_set_local_infile_default

Copyright 1997-2008 the PHP Documentation Group.

  • mysqli::set_local_infile_default

    mysqli_set_local_infile_default

    Unsets user defined handler for load local infile command

Description

void mysqli_set_local_infile_default(mysqli link);

Deactivates a LOAD DATA INFILE LOCAL handler previously set with mysqli_set_local_infile_handler.

Parameters

link

Procedural style only: A link identifier returned by mysqli_connect or mysqli_init

Return Values

No value is returned.

Examples

See mysqli_set_local_infile_handler examples

See Also

mysqli_set_local_infile_handler

20.9.2.7.46. mysqli::set_local_infile_handler, mysqli_set_local_infile_handler

Copyright 1997-2008 the PHP Documentation Group.

  • mysqli::set_local_infile_handler

    mysqli_set_local_infile_handler

    Set callback function for LOAD DATA LOCAL INFILE command

Description

bool mysqli_set_local_infile_handler(mysqli link,
                                     callback read_func);

Object oriented style (method)

 mysqli {
  bool set_local_infile_handler(mysqli link,
                                callback read_func);

}

Set callback function for LOAD DATA LOCAL INFILE command

The callbacks task is to read input from the file specified in the LOAD DATA LOCAL INFILE and to reformat it into the format understood by LOAD DATA INFILE.

The returned data needs to match the format specified in the LOAD DATA

Parameters

link

Procedural style only: A link identifier returned by mysqli_connect or mysqli_init

read_func

A callback function or object method taking the following parameters:

stream

A PHP stream associated with the SQL commands INFILE

&buffer

A string buffer to store the rewritten input into

buflen

The maximum number of characters to be stored in the buffer

&errormsg

If an error occurs you can store an error message in here

The callback function should return the number of characters stored in the buffer or a negative value if an error occurred.

Return Values

Returns TRUE on success or FALSE on failure.

Examples

Example 20.133. Object oriented style

<?php
  $db = mysqli_init();
  $db->real_connect("localhost","root","","test");

  function callme($stream, &$buffer, $buflen, &$errmsg)
  {
    $buffer = fgets($stream);

    echo $buffer;

    // convert to upper case and replace "," delimiter with [TAB]
    $buffer = strtoupper(str_replace(",", "\t", $buffer));

    return strlen($buffer);
  }


  echo "Input:\n";

  $db->set_local_infile_handler("callme");
  $db->query("LOAD DATA LOCAL INFILE 'input.txt' INTO TABLE t1");
  $db->set_local_infile_default();

  $res = $db->query("SELECT * FROM t1");

  echo "\nResult:\n";
  while ($row = $res->fetch_assoc()) {
    echo join(",", $row)."\n";
  }
?>

   

Example 20.134. Procedural style

<?php
  $db = mysqli_init();
  mysqli_real_connect($db, "localhost","root","","test");

  function callme($stream, &$buffer, $buflen, &$errmsg)
  {
    $buffer = fgets($stream);

    echo $buffer;

    // convert to upper case and replace "," delimiter with [TAB]
    $buffer = strtoupper(str_replace(",", "\t", $buffer));

    return strlen($buffer);
  }


  echo "Input:\n";

  mysqli_set_local_infile_handler($db, "callme");
  mysqli_query($db, "LOAD DATA LOCAL INFILE 'input.txt' INTO TABLE t1");
  mysqli_set_local_infile_default($db);

  $res = mysqli_query($db, "SELECT * FROM t1");


  echo "\nResult:\n";
  while ($row = mysqli_fetch_assoc($res)) {
    echo join(",", $row)."\n";
  }
?>

   

The above example will output:



Input:
23,foo
42,bar

Output:
23,FOO
42,BAR


      

See Also

mysqli_set_local_infile_default

20.9.2.7.47. mysqli->sqlstate, mysqli_sqlstate

Copyright 1997-2008 the PHP Documentation Group.

  • mysqli->sqlstate

    mysqli_sqlstate

    Returns the SQLSTATE error from previous MySQL operation

Description

Object oriented style (property):

 mysqli {
  string sqlstate ;
}

Procedural style:

string mysqli_sqlstate(mysqli link);

Returns a string containing the SQLSTATE error code for the last error. The error code consists of five characters. '00000' means no error. The values are specified by ANSI SQL and ODBC. For a list of possible values, see http://dev.mysql.com/doc/mysql/en/error-handling.html.

Note

Note that not all MySQL errors are yet mapped to SQLSTATE's. The value HY000 (general error) is used for unmapped errors.

Parameters

link

Procedural style only: A link identifier returned by mysqli_connect or mysqli_init

Return Values

Returns a string containing the SQLSTATE error code for the last error. The error code consists of five characters. '00000' means no error.

Examples

Example 20.135. Object oriented style

<?php
$mysqli = new mysqli("localhost", "my_user", "my_password", "world");

/* check connection */
if (mysqli_connect_errno()) {
    printf("Connect failed: %s\n", mysqli_connect_error());
    exit();
}

/* Table City already exists, so we should get an error */
if (!$mysqli->query("CREATE TABLE City (ID INT, Name VARCHAR(30))")) {
    printf("Error - SQLSTATE %s.\n", $mysqli->sqlstate);
}

$mysqli->close();
?>

  

Example 20.136. Procedural style

<?php
$link = mysqli_connect("localhost", "my_user", "my_password", "world");

/* check connection */
if (mysqli_connect_errno()) {
    printf("Connect failed: %s\n", mysqli_connect_error());
    exit();
}

/* Table City already exists, so we should get an error */
if (!mysqli_query($link, "CREATE TABLE City (ID INT, Name VARCHAR(30))")) {
    printf("Error - SQLSTATE %s.\n", mysqli_sqlstate($link));
}

mysqli_close($link);
?>

   

The above example will output:



Error - SQLSTATE 42S01.


      

See Also

mysqli_errno
mysqli_error

20.9.2.7.48. mysqli::ssl_set, mysqli_ssl_set

Copyright 1997-2008 the PHP Documentation Group.

  • mysqli::ssl_set

    mysqli_ssl_set

    Used for establishing secure connections using SSL

Description

Object oriented style (method):

bool mysqli::ssl_set(string key,
                     string cert,
                     string ca,
                     string capath,
                     string cipher);

Procedural style:

bool mysqli_ssl_set(mysqli link,
                    string key,
                    string cert,
                    string ca,
                    string capath,
                    string cipher);

Used for establishing secure connections using SSL. It must be called before mysqli_real_connect. This function does nothing unless OpenSSL support is enabled.

Note that MySQL Native Driver does not support SSL, so calling this function when using MySQL Native Driver will result in an error. MySQL Native Driver is enabled by default on Microsoft Windows from PHP version 5.3 onwards.

Parameters

link

Procedural style only: A link identifier returned by mysqli_connect or mysqli_init

key

The path name to the key file.

cert

The path name to the certificate file.

ca

The path name to the certificate authority file.

capath

The pathname to a directory that contains trusted SSL CA certificates in PEM format.

cipher

A list of allowable ciphers to use for SSL encryption.

Any unused SSL parameters may be given as NULL

Return Values

This function always returns TRUE value. If SSL setup is incorrect mysqli_real_connect will return an error when you attempt to connect.

See Also

mysqli_options
mysqli_real_connect

20.9.2.7.49. mysqli::stat, mysqli_stat

Copyright 1997-2008 the PHP Documentation Group.

  • mysqli::stat

    mysqli_stat

    Gets the current system status

Description

Object oriented style (method):

string mysqli::stat();

Procedural style:

string mysqli_stat(mysqli link);

mysqli_stat returns a string containing information similar to that provided by the 'mysqladmin status' command. This includes uptime in seconds and the number of running threads, questions, reloads, and open tables.

Parameters

link

Procedural style only: A link identifier returned by mysqli_connect or mysqli_init

Return Values

A string describing the server status. FALSE if an error occurred.

Examples

Example 20.137. Object oriented style

<?php
$mysqli = new mysqli("localhost", "my_user", "my_password", "world");

/* check connection */
if (mysqli_connect_errno()) {
    printf("Connect failed: %s\n", mysqli_connect_error());
    exit();
}

printf ("System status: %s\n", $mysqli->stat());

$mysqli->close();
?>

  

Example 20.138. Procedural style

<?php
$link = mysqli_connect("localhost", "my_user", "my_password", "world");

/* check connection */
if (mysqli_connect_errno()) {
    printf("Connect failed: %s\n", mysqli_connect_error());
    exit();
}

printf("System status: %s\n", mysqli_stat($link));

mysqli_close($link);
?>

   

The above example will output:



System status: Uptime: 272  Threads: 1  Questions: 5340  Slow queries: 0
Opens: 13  Flush tables: 1  Open tables: 0  Queries per second avg: 19.632
Memory in use: 8496K  Max memory used: 8560K


      

See Also

mysqli_get_server_info

20.9.2.7.50. mysqli::stmt_init, mysqli_stmt_init

Copyright 1997-2008 the PHP Documentation Group.

  • mysqli::stmt_init

    mysqli_stmt_init

    Initializes a statement and returns an object for use with mysqli_stmt_prepare

Description

Object oriented style (property):

 mysqli {
  mysqli_stmt stmt_init();
}

Procedural style :

mysqli_stmt mysqli_stmt_init(mysqli link);

Allocates and initializes a statement object suitable for mysqli_stmt_prepare.

Note

Any subsequent calls to any mysqli_stmt function will fail until mysqli_stmt_prepare was called.

Parameters

link

Procedural style only: A link identifier returned by mysqli_connect or mysqli_init

Return Values

Returns an object.

See Also

mysqli_stmt_prepare

20.9.2.7.51. mysqli::store_result, mysqli_store_result

Copyright 1997-2008 the PHP Documentation Group.

  • mysqli::store_result

    mysqli_store_result

    Transfers a result set from the last query

Description

Object oriented style (method):

mysqli_result mysqli::store_result();

Procedural style:

mysqli_result mysqli_store_result(mysqli link);

Transfers the result set from the last query on the database connection represented by the link parameter to be used with the mysqli_data_seek function.

Parameters

link

Procedural style only: A link identifier returned by mysqli_connect or mysqli_init

Return Values

Returns a buffered result object or FALSE if an error occurred.

Note

mysqli_store_result returns FALSE in case the query didn't return a result set (if the query was, for example an INSERT statement). This function also returns FALSE if the reading of the result set failed. You can check if you have got an error by checking if mysqli_error doesn't return an empty string, if mysqli_errno returns a non zero value, or if mysqli_field_count returns a non zero value. Also possible reason for this function returning FALSE after successful call to mysqli_query can be too large result set (memory for it cannot be allocated). If mysqli_field_count returns a non-zero value, the statement should have produced a non-empty result set.

Notes

Note

Although it is always good practice to free the memory used by the result of a query using the mysqli_free_result function, when transferring large result sets using the mysqli_store_result this becomes particularly important.

Examples

See mysqli_multi_query.

See Also

mysqli_real_query
mysqli_use_result

20.9.2.7.52. mysqli::thread_id, mysqli_thread_id

Copyright 1997-2008 the PHP Documentation Group.

  • mysqli::thread_id

    mysqli_thread_id

    Returns the thread ID for the current connection

Description

Object oriented style (property):

 mysqli {
  int thread_id ;
}

Procedural style:

int mysqli_thread_id(mysqli link);

The mysqli_thread_id function returns the thread ID for the current connection which can then be killed using the mysqli_kill function. If the connection is lost and you reconnect with mysqli_ping, the thread ID will be other. Therefore you should get the thread ID only when you need it.

Note

The thread ID is assigned on a connection-by-connection basis. Hence, if the connection is broken and then re-established a new thread ID will be assigned.

To kill a running query you can use the SQL command KILL QUERY processid.

Parameters

link

Procedural style only: A link identifier returned by mysqli_connect or mysqli_init

Return Values

Returns the Thread ID for the current connection.

Examples

Example 20.139. Object oriented style

<?php
$mysqli = new mysqli("localhost", "my_user", "my_password", "world");

/* check connection */
if (mysqli_connect_errno()) {
    printf("Connect failed: %s\n", mysqli_connect_error());
    exit();
}

/* determine our thread id */
$thread_id = $mysqli->thread_id;

/* Kill connection */
$mysqli->kill($thread_id);

/* This should produce an error */
if (!$mysqli->query("CREATE TABLE myCity LIKE City")) {
    printf("Error: %s\n", $mysqli->error);
    exit;
}

/* close connection */
$mysqli->close();
?>

  

Example 20.140. Procedural style

<?php
$link = mysqli_connect("localhost", "my_user", "my_password", "world");

/* check connection */
if (mysqli_connect_errno()) {
    printf("Connect failed: %s\n", mysqli_connect_error());
    exit();
}

/* determine our thread id */
$thread_id = mysqli_thread_id($link);

/* Kill connection */
mysqli_kill($link, $thread_id);

/* This should produce an error */
if (!mysqli_query($link, "CREATE TABLE myCity LIKE City")) {
    printf("Error: %s\n", mysqli_error($link));
    exit;
}

/* close connection */
mysqli_close($link);
?>

   

The above example will output:



Error: MySQL server has gone away


      

See Also

mysqli_kill

20.9.2.7.53. mysqli::thread_safe, mysqli_thread_safe

Copyright 1997-2008 the PHP Documentation Group.

  • mysqli::thread_safe

    mysqli_thread_safe

    Returns whether thread safety is given or not

Description

Procedural style:

bool mysqli_thread_safe();

Tells whether the client library is compiled as thread-safe.

Return Values

TRUE if the client library is thread-safe, otherwise FALSE .

20.9.2.7.54. mysqli::use_result, mysqli_use_result

Copyright 1997-2008 the PHP Documentation Group.

  • mysqli::use_result

    mysqli_use_result

    Initiate a result set retrieval

Description

Object oriented style (method):

mysqli_result mysqli::use_result();

Procedural style:

mysqli_result mysqli_use_result(mysqli link);

Used to initiate the retrieval of a result set from the last query executed using the mysqli_real_query function on the database connection.

Either this or the mysqli_store_result function must be called before the results of a query can be retrieved, and one or the other must be called to prevent the next query on that database connection from failing.

Note

The mysqli_use_result function does not transfer the entire result set from the database and hence cannot be used functions such as mysqli_data_seek to move to a particular row within the set. To use this functionality, the result set must be stored using mysqli_store_result. One should not use mysqli_use_result if a lot of processing on the client side is performed, since this will tie up the server and prevent other threads from updating any tables from which the data is being fetched.

Return Values

Returns an unbuffered result object or FALSE if an error occurred.

Examples

Example 20.141. Object oriented style

<?php
$mysqli = new mysqli("localhost", "my_user", "my_password", "world");

/* check connection */
if (mysqli_connect_errno()) {
    printf("Connect failed: %s\n", mysqli_connect_error());
    exit();
}

$query  = "SELECT CURRENT_USER();";
$query .= "SELECT Name FROM City ORDER BY ID LIMIT 20, 5";

/* execute multi query */
if ($mysqli->multi_query($query)) {
    do {
        /* store first result set */
        if ($result = $mysqli->use_result()) {
            while ($row = $result->fetch_row()) {
                printf("%s\n", $row[0]);
            }
            $result->close();
        }
        /* print divider */
        if ($mysqli->more_results()) {
            printf("-----------------\n");
        }
    } while ($mysqli->next_result());
}

/* close connection */
$mysqli->close();
?>

  

Example 20.142. Procedural style

<?php
$link = mysqli_connect("localhost", "my_user", "my_password", "world");

/* check connection */
if (mysqli_connect_errno()) {
    printf("Connect failed: %s\n", mysqli_connect_error());
    exit();
}

$query  = "SELECT CURRENT_USER();";
$query .= "SELECT Name FROM City ORDER BY ID LIMIT 20, 5";

/* execute multi query */
if (mysqli_multi_query($link, $query)) {
    do {
        /* store first result set */
        if ($result = mysqli_use_result($link)) {
            while ($row = mysqli_fetch_row($result)) {
                printf("%s\n", $row[0]);
            }
            mysqli_free_result($result);
        }
        /* print divider */
        if (mysqli_more_results($link)) {
            printf("-----------------\n");
        }
    } while (mysqli_next_result($link));
}

/* close connection */
mysqli_close($link);
?>

   

The above example will output:



my_user@localhost
-----------------
Amersfoort
Maastricht
Dordrecht
Leiden
Haarlemmermeer


      

See Also

mysqli_real_query
mysqli_store_result

20.9.2.7.55. mysqli::warning_count, mysqli_warning_count

Copyright 1997-2008 the PHP Documentation Group.

  • mysqli::warning_count

    mysqli_warning_count

    Returns the number of warnings from the last query for the given link

Description

Object oriented style (property):

 mysqli {
  int warning_count ;
}

Procedural style:

int mysqli_warning_count(mysqli link);

Returns the number of warnings from the last query in the connection.

Note

For retrieving warning messages you can use the SQL command SHOW WARNINGS [limit row_count].

Parameters

link

Procedural style only: A link identifier returned by mysqli_connect or mysqli_init

Return Values

Number of warnings or zero if there are no warnings.

Examples

Example 20.143. Object oriented style

<?php
$mysqli = new mysqli("localhost", "my_user", "my_password", "world");

/* check connection */
if (mysqli_connect_errno()) {
    printf("Connect failed: %s\n", mysqli_connect_error());
    exit();
}

$mysqli->query("CREATE TABLE myCity LIKE City");

/* a remarkable city in Wales */
$query = "INSERT INTO myCity (CountryCode, Name) VALUES('GBR',
        'Llanfairpwllgwyngyllgogerychwyrndrobwllllantysiliogogogoch')";

$mysqli->query($query);

if ($mysqli->warning_count) {
    if ($result = $mysqli->query("SHOW WARNINGS")) {
        $row = $result->fetch_row();
        printf("%s (%d): %s\n", $row[0], $row[1], $row[2]);
        $result->close();
    }
}

/* close connection */
$mysqli->close();
?>

  

Example 20.144. Procedural style

<?php
$link = mysqli_connect("localhost", "my_user", "my_password", "world");

/* check connection */
if (mysqli_connect_errno()) {
    printf("Connect failed: %s\n", mysqli_connect_error());
    exit();
}

mysqli_query($link, "CREATE TABLE myCity LIKE City");

/* a remarkable long city name in Wales */
$query = "INSERT INTO myCity (CountryCode, Name) VALUES('GBR',
        'Llanfairpwllgwyngyllgogerychwyrndrobwllllantysiliogogogoch')";

mysqli_query($link, $query);

if (mysqli_warning_count($link)) {
    if ($result = mysqli_query($link, "SHOW WARNINGS")) {
        $row = mysqli_fetch_row($result);
        printf("%s (%d): %s\n", $row[0], $row[1], $row[2]);
        mysqli_free_result($result);
    }
}

/* close connection */
mysqli_close($link);
?>

   

The above example will output:



Warning (1264): Data truncated for column 'Name' at row 1


      

See Also

mysqli_errno
mysqli_error
mysqli_sqlstate

20.9.2.8. The MySQLi_STMT class (MySQLi_STMT)

Copyright 1997-2008 the PHP Documentation Group.

Represents a prepared statement.

 MySQLi_STMT {
MySQLi_STMT Properties  int affected_rows ;
  int errno ;
  string error ;
  int field_count ;
  int insert_id ;
  int num_rows ;
  int param_count ;
  string sqlstate ;
Methods  int mysqli_stmt_affected_rows(mysqli_stmt stmt);
  int mysqli_stmt::attr_get(int attr);
  bool mysqli_stmt::attr_set(int attr,
                             int mode);

  bool mysqli_stmt::bind_param(string types,
                               mixed var1,
                               mixed ...);

  bool mysqli_stmt::bind_result(mixed var1,
                                mixed ...);

  bool mysqli_stmt::close();
  void mysqli_stmt::data_seek(int offset);
  int mysqli_stmt_errno(mysqli_stmt stmt);
  string mysqli_stmt_error(mysqli_stmt stmt);
  bool mysqli_stmt::execute();
  bool mysqli_stmt::fetch();
  int mysqli_stmt_field_count(mysqli_stmt stmt);
  void mysqli_stmt::free_result();
  object mysqli_stmt::get_warnings(mysqli_stmt stmt);
  mixed mysqli_stmt_insert_id(mysqli_stmt stmt);
  int mysqli_stmt_num_rows(mysqli_stmt stmt);
  int mysqli_stmt_param_count(mysqli_stmt stmt);
  mixed mysqli_stmt::prepare(string query);
  bool mysqli_stmt::reset();
  mysqli_result mysqli_stmt::result_metadata();
  bool mysqli_stmt::send_long_data(int param_nr,
                                   string data);

  string mysqli_stmt_sqlstate(mysqli_stmt stmt);
  bool mysqli_stmt::store_result();
}
20.9.2.8.1. mysqli_stmt->affected_rows, mysqli_stmt_affected_rows

Copyright 1997-2008 the PHP Documentation Group.

  • mysqli_stmt->affected_rows

    mysqli_stmt_affected_rows

    Returns the total number of rows changed, deleted, or inserted by the last executed statement

Description

Object oriented style (property):

 mysqli_stmt {
  int affected_rows ;
}

Procedural style :

int mysqli_stmt_affected_rows(mysqli_stmt stmt);

Returns the number of rows affected by INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE query.

This function only works with queries which update a table. In order to get the number of rows from a SELECT query, use mysqli_stmt_num_rows instead.

Parameters

stmt

Procedural style only: A statement identifier returned by mysqli_stmt_init.

Return Values

An integer greater than zero indicates the number of rows affected or retrieved. Zero indicates that no records where updated for an UPDATE/DELETE statement, no rows matched the WHERE clause in the query or that no query has yet been executed. -1 indicates that the query has returned an error. NULL indicates an invalid argument was supplied to the function.

Note

If the number of affected rows is greater than maximal PHP int value, the number of affected rows will be returned as a string value.

Examples

Example 20.145. Object oriented style

<?php
$mysqli = new mysqli("localhost", "my_user", "my_password", "world");

/* check connection */
if (mysqli_connect_errno()) {
    printf("Connect failed: %s\n", mysqli_connect_error());
    exit();
}

/* create temp table */
$mysqli->query("CREATE TEMPORARY TABLE myCountry LIKE Country");

$query = "INSERT INTO myCountry SELECT * FROM Country WHERE Code LIKE ?";

/* prepare statement */
if ($stmt = $mysqli->prepare($query)) {

    /* Bind variable for placeholder */
    $code = 'A%';
    $stmt->bind_param("s", $code);

    /* execute statement */
    $stmt->execute();

    printf("rows inserted: %d\n", $stmt->affected_rows);

    /* close statement */
    $stmt->close();
}

/* close connection */
$mysqli->close();
?>

  

Example 20.146. Procedural style

<?php
$link = mysqli_connect("localhost", "my_user", "my_password", "world");

/* check connection */
if (mysqli_connect_errno()) {
    printf("Connect failed: %s\n", mysqli_connect_error());
    exit();
}

/* create temp table */
mysqli_query($link, "CREATE TEMPORARY TABLE myCountry LIKE Country");

$query = "INSERT INTO myCountry SELECT * FROM Country WHERE Code LIKE ?";

/* prepare statement */
if ($stmt = mysqli_prepare($link, $query)) {

    /* Bind variable for placeholder */
    $code = 'A%';
    mysqli_stmt_bind_param($stmt, "s", $code);

    /* execute statement */
    mysqli_stmt_execute($stmt);

    printf("rows inserted: %d\n", mysqli_stmt_affected_rows($stmt));

    /* close statement */
    mysqli_stmt_close($stmt);
}

/* close connection */
mysqli_close($link);
?>

   

The above example will output:



rows inserted: 17


      

See Also

mysqli_stmt_num_rows
mysqli_prepare

20.9.2.8.2. mysqli_stmt::attr_get, mysqli_stmt_attr_get

Copyright 1997-2008 the PHP Documentation Group.

  • mysqli_stmt::attr_get

    mysqli_stmt_attr_get

    Used to get the current value of a statement attribute

Description

Object oriented style (method):

int mysqli_stmt::attr_get(int attr);

Procedural style:

int mysqli_stmt_attr_get(mysqli_stmt stmt,
                         int attr);

Gets the current value of a statement attribute.

Parameters

stmt

Procedural style only: A statement identifier returned by mysqli_stmt_init.

attr

The attribute that you want to get.

Return Values

Returns FALSE if the attribute is not found, otherwise returns the value of the attribute.

20.9.2.8.3. mysqli_stmt::attr_set, mysqli_stmt_attr_set

Copyright 1997-2008 the PHP Documentation Group.

  • mysqli_stmt::attr_set

    mysqli_stmt_attr_set

    Used to modify the behavior of a prepared statement

Description

Object oriented style (method):

bool mysqli_stmt::attr_set(int attr,
                           int mode);

Procedural style:

bool mysqli_stmt_attr_set(mysqli_stmt stmt,
                          int attr,
                          int mode);

Used to modify the behavior of a prepared statement. This function may be called multiple times to set several attributes.

Parameters

stmt

Procedural style only: A statement identifier returned by mysqli_stmt_init.

attr

The attribute that you want to set. It can have one of the following values:

Table 20.11. Attribute values

CharacterDescription
MYSQLI_STMT_ATTR_UPDATE_MAX_LENGTHIf set to 1, causes mysqli_stmt_store_result to update the metadata MYSQL_FIELD->max_length value.
MYSQLI_STMT_ATTR_CURSOR_TYPEType of cursor to open for statement when mysqli_stmt_execute is invoked. mode can be MYSQLI_CURSOR_TYPE_NO_CURSOR (the default) or MYSQLI_CURSOR_TYPE_READ_ONLY.
MYSQLI_STMT_ATTR_PREFETCH_ROWSNumber of rows to fetch from server at a time when using a cursor. mode can be in the range from 1 to the maximum value of unsigned long. The default is 1.

If you use the MYSQLI_STMT_ATTR_CURSOR_TYPE option with MYSQLI_CURSOR_TYPE_READ_ONLY, a cursor is opened for the statement when you invoke mysqli_stmt_execute. If there is already an open cursor from a previous mysqli_stmt_execute call, it closes the cursor before opening a new one. mysqli_stmt_reset also closes any open cursor before preparing the statement for re-execution. mysqli_stmt_free_result closes any open cursor.

If you open a cursor for a prepared statement, mysqli_stmt_store_result is unnecessary.

mode

The value to assign to the attribute.

20.9.2.8.4. mysqli_stmt::bind_param, mysqli_stmt_bind_param

Copyright 1997-2008 the PHP Documentation Group.

  • mysqli_stmt::bind_param

    mysqli_stmt_bind_param

    Binds variables to a prepared statement as parameters

Description

Object oriented style (method):

bool mysqli_stmt::bind_param(string types,
                             mixed var1,
                             mixed ...);

Procedural style:

bool mysqli_stmt_bind_param(mysqli_stmt stmt,
                            string types,
                            mixed var1,
                            mixed ...);

Bind variables for the parameter markers in the SQL statement that was passed to mysqli_prepare.

Note

If data size of a variable exceeds max. allowed packet size (max_allowed_packet), you have to specify b in types and use mysqli_stmt_send_long_data to send the data in packets.

Note

Care must be taken when using mysqli_stmt_bind_param in conjunction with call_user_func_array. Note that mysqli_stmt_bind_param requires parameters to be passed by reference, whereas call_user_func_array can accept as a parameter a list of variables that can represent references or values.

Parameters

stmt

Procedural style only: A statement identifier returned by mysqli_stmt_init.

types

A string that contains one or more characters which specify the types for the corresponding bind variables:

Table 20.12. Type specification chars

CharacterDescription
icorresponding variable has type integer
dcorresponding variable has type double
scorresponding variable has type string
bcorresponding variable is a blob and will be sent in packets

var1

The number of variables and length of string types must match the parameters in the statement.

Return Values

Returns TRUE on success or FALSE on failure.

Examples

Example 20.147. Object oriented style

<?php
$mysqli = new mysqli('localhost', 'my_user', 'my_password', 'world');

/* check connection */
if (mysqli_connect_errno()) {
    printf("Connect failed: %s\n", mysqli_connect_error());
    exit();
}

$stmt = $mysqli->prepare("INSERT INTO CountryLanguage VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?)");
$stmt->bind_param('sssd', $code, $language, $official, $percent);

$code = 'DEU';
$language = 'Bavarian';
$official = "F";
$percent = 11.2;

/* execute prepared statement */
$stmt->execute();

printf("%d Row inserted.\n", $stmt->affected_rows);

/* close statement and connection */
$stmt->close();

/* Clean up table CountryLanguage */
$mysqli->query("DELETE FROM CountryLanguage WHERE Language='Bavarian'");
printf("%d Row deleted.\n", $mysqli->affected_rows);

/* close connection */
$mysqli->close();
?>

  

Example 20.148. Procedural style

<?php
$link = mysqli_connect('localhost', 'my_user', 'my_password', 'world');

/* check connection */
if (!$link) {
    printf("Connect failed: %s\n", mysqli_connect_error());
    exit();
}

$stmt = mysqli_prepare($link, "INSERT INTO CountryLanguage VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?)");
mysqli_stmt_bind_param($stmt, 'sssd', $code, $language, $official, $percent);

$code = 'DEU';
$language = 'Bavarian';
$official = "F";
$percent = 11.2;

/* execute prepared statement */
mysqli_stmt_execute($stmt);

printf("%d Row inserted.\n", mysqli_stmt_affected_rows($stmt));

/* close statement and connection */
mysqli_stmt_close($stmt);

/* Clean up table CountryLanguage */
mysqli_query($link, "DELETE FROM CountryLanguage WHERE Language='Bavarian'");
printf("%d Row deleted.\n", mysqli_affected_rows($link));

/* close connection */
mysqli_close($link);
?>

   

The above example will output:



1 Row inserted.
1 Row deleted.


      

See Also

mysqli_stmt_bind_result
mysqli_stmt_execute
mysqli_stmt_fetch
mysqli_prepare
mysqli_stmt_send_long_data
mysqli_stmt_errno
mysqli_stmt_error

20.9.2.8.5. mysqli_stmt::bind_result, mysqli_stmt_bind_result

Copyright 1997-2008 the PHP Documentation Group.

  • mysqli_stmt::bind_result

    mysqli_stmt_bind_result

    Binds variables to a prepared statement for result storage

Description

Object oriented style (method):

bool mysqli_stmt::bind_result(mixed var1,
                              mixed ...);

Procedural style:

bool mysqli_stmt_bind_result(mysqli_stmt stmt,
                             mixed var1,
                             mixed ...);

Binds columns in the result set to variables.

When mysqli_stmt_fetch is called to fetch data, the MySQL client/server protocol places the data for the bound columns into the specified variables var1, ....

Note

Note that all columns must be bound after mysqli_stmt_execute and prior to calling mysqli_stmt_fetch. Depending on column types bound variables can silently change to the corresponding PHP type.

A column can be bound or rebound at any time, even after a result set has been partially retrieved. The new binding takes effect the next time mysqli_stmt_fetch is called.

Parameters

stmt

Procedural style only: A statement identifier returned by mysqli_stmt_init.

var1

The variable to be bound.

Return Values

Returns TRUE on success or FALSE on failure.

Examples

Example 20.149. Object oriented style

<?php
$mysqli = new mysqli("localhost", "my_user", "my_password", "world");

if (mysqli_connect_errno()) {
    printf("Connect failed: %s\n", mysqli_connect_error());
    exit();
}

/* prepare statement */
if ($stmt = $mysqli->prepare("SELECT Code, Name FROM Country ORDER BY Name LIMIT 5")) {
    $stmt->execute();

    /* bind variables to prepared statement */
    $stmt->bind_result($col1, $col2);

    /* fetch values */
    while ($stmt->fetch()) {
        printf("%s %s\n", $col1, $col2);
    }

    /* close statement */
    $stmt->close();
}
/* close connection */
$mysqli->close();

?>

  

Example 20.150. Procedural style

<?php
$link = mysqli_connect("localhost", "my_user", "my_password", "world");

/* check connection */
if (!$link) {
    printf("Connect failed: %s\n", mysqli_connect_error());
    exit();
}

/* prepare statement */
if ($stmt = mysqli_prepare($link, "SELECT Code, Name FROM Country ORDER BY Name LIMIT 5")) {
    mysqli_stmt_execute($stmt);

    /* bind variables to prepared statement */
    mysqli_stmt_bind_result($stmt, $col1, $col2);

    /* fetch values */
    while (mysqli_stmt_fetch($stmt)) {
        printf("%s %s\n", $col1, $col2);
    }

    /* close statement */
    mysqli_stmt_close($stmt);
}

/* close connection */
mysqli_close($link);
?>

   

The above example will output:



AFG Afghanistan
ALB Albania
DZA Algeria
ASM American Samoa
AND Andorra


      

See Also

mysqli_stmt_bind_param
mysqli_stmt_execute
mysqli_stmt_fetch
mysqli_prepare
mysqli_stmt_prepare
mysqli_stmt_init
mysqli_stmt_errno
mysqli_stmt_error

20.9.2.8.6. mysqli_stmt::close, mysqli_stmt_close

Copyright 1997-2008 the PHP Documentation Group.

  • mysqli_stmt::close

    mysqli_stmt_close

    Closes a prepared statement

Description

Object oriented style (method):

bool mysqli_stmt::close();

Procedural style:

bool mysqli_stmt_close(mysqli_stmt stmt);

Closes a prepared statement. mysqli_stmt_close also deallocates the statement handle. If the current statement has pending or unread results, this function cancels them so that the next query can be executed.

Parameters

stmt

Procedural style only: A statement identifier returned by mysqli_stmt_init.

Return Values

Returns TRUE on success or FALSE on failure.

See Also

mysqli_prepare

20.9.2.8.7. mysqli_stmt::data_seek, mysqli_stmt_data_seek

Copyright 1997-2008 the PHP Documentation Group.

  • mysqli_stmt::data_seek

    mysqli_stmt_data_seek

    Seeks to an arbitrary row in statement result set

Description

Object oriented style (method):

void mysqli_stmt::data_seek(int offset);

Procedural style:

void mysqli_stmt_data_seek(mysqli_stmt stmt,
                           int offset);

Seeks to an arbitrary result pointer in the statement result set.

mysqli_stmt_store_result must be called prior to mysqli_stmt_data_seek.

Parameters

stmt

Procedural style only: A statement identifier returned by mysqli_stmt_init.

offset

Must be between zero and the total number of rows minus one (0.. mysqli_stmt_num_rows - 1).

Return Values

No value is returned.

Examples

Example 20.151. Object oriented style

<?php
/* Open a connection */
$mysqli = new mysqli("localhost", "my_user", "my_password", "world");

/* check connection */
if (mysqli_connect_errno()) {
    printf("Connect failed: %s\n", mysqli_connect_error());
    exit();
}

$query = "SELECT Name, CountryCode FROM City ORDER BY Name";
if ($stmt = $mysqli->prepare($query)) {

    /* execute query */
    $stmt->execute();

    /* bind result variables */
    $stmt->bind_result($name, $code);

    /* store result */
    $stmt->store_result();

    /* seek to row no. 400 */
    $stmt->data_seek(399);

    /* fetch values */
    $stmt->fetch();

    printf ("City: %s  Countrycode: %s\n", $name, $code);

    /* close statement */
    $stmt->close();
}

/* close connection */
$mysqli->close();
?>

  

Example 20.152. Procedural style

<?php
/* Open a connection */
$link = mysqli_connect("localhost", "my_user", "my_password", "world");

/* check connection */
if (mysqli_connect_errno()) {
    printf("Connect failed: %s\n", mysqli_connect_error());
    exit();
}

$query = "SELECT Name, CountryCode FROM City ORDER BY Name";
if ($stmt = mysqli_prepare($link, $query)) {

    /* execute query */
    mysqli_stmt_execute($stmt);

    /* bind result variables */
    mysqli_stmt_bind_result($stmt, $name, $code);

    /* store result */
    mysqli_stmt_store_result($stmt);

    /* seek to row no. 400 */
    mysqli_stmt_data_seek($stmt, 399);

    /* fetch values */
    mysqli_stmt_fetch($stmt);

    printf ("City: %s  Countrycode: %s\n", $name, $code);

    /* close statement */
    mysqli_stmt_close($stmt);
}

/* close connection */
mysqli_close($link);
?>

   

The above example will output:



City: Benin City  Countrycode: NGA


      

See Also

mysqli_prepare

20.9.2.8.8. mysqli_stmt->errno, mysqli_stmt_errno

Copyright 1997-2008 the PHP Documentation Group.

  • mysqli_stmt->errno

    mysqli_stmt_errno

    Returns the error code for the most recent statement call

Description

Object oriented style (property):

 mysqli_stmt {
  int errno ;
}

Procedural style :

int mysqli_stmt_errno(mysqli_stmt stmt);

Returns the error code for the most recently invoked statement function that can succeed or fail.

Client error message numbers are listed in the MySQL errmsg.h header file, server error message numbers are listed in mysqld_error.h. In the MySQL source distribution you can find a complete list of error messages and error numbers in the file Docs/mysqld_error.txt.

Parameters

stmt

Procedural style only: A statement identifier returned by mysqli_stmt_init.

Return Values

An error code value. Zero means no error occurred.

Examples

Example 20.153. Object oriented style

<?php
/* Open a connection */
$mysqli = new mysqli("localhost", "my_user", "my_password", "world");

/* check connection */
if (mysqli_connect_errno()) {
    printf("Connect failed: %s\n", mysqli_connect_error());
    exit();
}

$mysqli->query("CREATE TABLE myCountry LIKE Country");
$mysqli->query("INSERT INTO myCountry SELECT * FROM Country");


$query = "SELECT Name, Code FROM myCountry ORDER BY Name";
if ($stmt = $mysqli->prepare($query)) {

    /* drop table */
    $mysqli->query("DROP TABLE myCountry");

    /* execute query */
    $stmt->execute();

    printf("Error: %d.\n", $stmt->errno);

    /* close statement */
    $stmt->close();
}

/* close connection */
$mysqli->close();
?>

  

Example 20.154. Procedural style

<?php
/* Open a connection */
$link = mysqli_connect("localhost", "my_user", "my_password", "world");

/* check connection */
if (mysqli_connect_errno()) {
    printf("Connect failed: %s\n", mysqli_connect_error());
    exit();
}

mysqli_query($link, "CREATE TABLE myCountry LIKE Country");
mysqli_query($link, "INSERT INTO myCountry SELECT * FROM Country");


$query = "SELECT Name, Code FROM myCountry ORDER BY Name";
if ($stmt = mysqli_prepare($link, $query)) {

    /* drop table */
    mysqli_query($link, "DROP TABLE myCountry");

    /* execute query */
    mysqli_stmt_execute($stmt);

    printf("Error: %d.\n", mysqli_stmt_errno($stmt));

    /* close statement */
    mysqli_stmt_close($stmt);
}

/* close connection */
mysqli_close($link);
?>

   

The above example will output:



Error: 1146.


      

See Also

mysqli_stmt_error
mysqli_stmt_sqlstate

20.9.2.8.9. mysqli_stmt->error, mysqli_stmt_error

Copyright 1997-2008 the PHP Documentation Group.

  • mysqli_stmt->error

    mysqli_stmt_error

    Returns a string description for last statement error

Description

Object oriented style (property):

 mysqli_stmt {
  string error ;
}

Procedural style:

string mysqli_stmt_error(mysqli_stmt stmt);

Returns a containing the error message for the most recently invoked statement function that can succeed or fail.

Parameters

stmt

Procedural style only: A statement identifier returned by mysqli_stmt_init.

Return Values

A string that describes the error. An empty string if no error occurred.

Examples

Example 20.155. Object oriented style

<?php
/* Open a connection */
$mysqli = new mysqli("localhost", "my_user", "my_password", "world");

/* check connection */
if (mysqli_connect_errno()) {
    printf("Connect failed: %s\n", mysqli_connect_error());
    exit();
}

$mysqli->query("CREATE TABLE myCountry LIKE Country");
$mysqli->query("INSERT INTO myCountry SELECT * FROM Country");


$query = "SELECT Name, Code FROM myCountry ORDER BY Name";
if ($stmt = $mysqli->prepare($query)) {

    /* drop table */
    $mysqli->query("DROP TABLE myCountry");

    /* execute query */
    $stmt->execute();

    printf("Error: %s.\n", $stmt->error);

    /* close statement */
    $stmt->close();
}

/* close connection */
$mysqli->close();
?>

  

Example 20.156. Procedural style

<?php
/* Open a connection */
$link = mysqli_connect("localhost", "my_user", "my_password", "world");

/* check connection */
if (mysqli_connect_errno()) {
    printf("Connect failed: %s\n", mysqli_connect_error());
    exit();
}

mysqli_query($link, "CREATE TABLE myCountry LIKE Country");
mysqli_query($link, "INSERT INTO myCountry SELECT * FROM Country");


$query = "SELECT Name, Code FROM myCountry ORDER BY Name";
if ($stmt = mysqli_prepare($link, $query)) {

    /* drop table */
    mysqli_query($link, "DROP TABLE myCountry");

    /* execute query */
    mysqli_stmt_execute($stmt);

    printf("Error: %s.\n", mysqli_stmt_error($stmt));

    /* close statement */
    mysqli_stmt_close($stmt);
}

/* close connection */
mysqli_close($link);
?>

   

The above example will output:



Error: Table 'world.myCountry' doesn't exist.


      

See Also

mysqli_stmt_errno
mysqli_stmt_sqlstate

20.9.2.8.10. mysqli_stmt::execute, mysqli_stmt_execute

Copyright 1997-2008 the PHP Documentation Group.

  • mysqli_stmt::execute

    mysqli_stmt_execute

    Executes a prepared Query

Description

Object oriented style (method):

bool mysqli_stmt::execute();

Procedural style:

bool mysqli_stmt_execute(mysqli_stmt stmt);

Executes a query that has been previously prepared using the mysqli_prepare function. When executed any parameter markers which exist will automatically be replaced with the appropriate data.

If the statement is UPDATE, DELETE, or INSERT, the total number of affected rows can be determined by using the mysqli_stmt_affected_rows function. Likewise, if the query yields a result set the mysqli_stmt_fetch function is used.

Note

When using mysqli_stmt_execute, the mysqli_stmt_fetch function must be used to fetch the data prior to performing any additional queries.

Parameters

stmt

Procedural style only: A statement identifier returned by mysqli_stmt_init.

Return Values

Returns TRUE on success or FALSE on failure.

Examples

Example 20.157. Object oriented style

<?php
$mysqli = new mysqli("localhost", "my_user", "my_password", "world");

/* check connection */
if (mysqli_connect_errno()) {
    printf("Connect failed: %s\n", mysqli_connect_error());
    exit();
}

$mysqli->query("CREATE TABLE myCity LIKE City");

/* Prepare an insert statement */
$query = "INSERT INTO myCity (Name, CountryCode, District) VALUES (?,?,?)";
$stmt = $mysqli->prepare($query);

$stmt->bind_param("sss", $val1, $val2, $val3);

$val1 = 'Stuttgart';
$val2 = 'DEU';
$val3 = 'Baden-Wuerttemberg';

/* Execute the statement */
$stmt->execute();

$val1 = 'Bordeaux';
$val2 = 'FRA';
$val3 = 'Aquitaine';

/* Execute the statement */
$stmt->execute();

/* close statement */
$stmt->close();

/* retrieve all rows from myCity */
$query = "SELECT Name, CountryCode, District FROM myCity";
if ($result = $mysqli->query($query)) {
    while ($row = $result->fetch_row()) {
        printf("%s (%s,%s)\n", $row[0], $row[1], $row[2]);
    }
    /* free result set */
    $result->close();
}

/* remove table */
$mysqli->query("DROP TABLE myCity");

/* close connection */
$mysqli->close();
?>

  

Example 20.158. Procedural style

<?php
$link = mysqli_connect("localhost", "my_user", "my_password", "world");

/* check connection */
if (mysqli_connect_errno()) {
    printf("Connect failed: %s\n", mysqli_connect_error());
    exit();
}

mysqli_query($link, "CREATE TABLE myCity LIKE City");

/* Prepare an insert statement */
$query = "INSERT INTO myCity (Name, CountryCode, District) VALUES (?,?,?)";
$stmt = mysqli_prepare($link, $query);

mysqli_stmt_bind_param($stmt, "sss", $val1, $val2, $val3);

$val1 = 'Stuttgart';
$val2 = 'DEU';
$val3 = 'Baden-Wuerttemberg';

/* Execute the statement */
mysqli_stmt_execute($stmt);

$val1 = 'Bordeaux';
$val2 = 'FRA';
$val3 = 'Aquitaine';

/* Execute the statement */
mysqli_stmt_execute($stmt);

/* close statement */
mysqli_stmt_close($stmt);

/* retrieve all rows from myCity */
$query = "SELECT Name, CountryCode, District FROM myCity";
if ($result = mysqli_query($link, $query)) {
    while ($row = mysqli_fetch_row($result)) {
        printf("%s (%s,%s)\n", $row[0], $row[1], $row[2]);
    }
    /* free result set */
    mysqli_free_result($result);
}

/* remove table */
mysqli_query($link, "DROP TABLE myCity");

/* close connection */
mysqli_close($link);
?>

     

The above example will output:



Stuttgart (DEU,Baden-Wuerttemberg)
Bordeaux (FRA,Aquitaine)


      

See Also

mysqli_prepare
mysqli_stmt_bind_param

20.9.2.8.11. mysqli_stmt::fetch, mysqli_stmt_fetch

Copyright 1997-2008 the PHP Documentation Group.

  • mysqli_stmt::fetch

    mysqli_stmt_fetch

    Fetch results from a prepared statement into the bound variables

Description

Object oriented style (method):

bool mysqli_stmt::fetch();

Procedural style:

bool mysqli_stmt_fetch(mysqli_stmt stmt);

Fetch the result from a prepared statement into the variables bound by mysqli_stmt_bind_result.

Note

Note that all columns must be bound by the application before calling mysqli_stmt_fetch.

Note

Data are transferred unbuffered without calling mysqli_stmt_store_result which can decrease performance (but reduces memory cost).

Parameters

stmt

Procedural style only: A statement identifier returned by mysqli_stmt_init.

Return Values

Table 20.13. Return Values

ValueDescription
TRUESuccess. Data has been fetched
FALSEError occurred
NULLNo more rows/data exists or data truncation occurred

Examples

Example 20.159. Object oriented style

<?php
$mysqli = new mysqli("localhost", "my_user", "my_password", "world");

/* check connection */
if (mysqli_connect_errno()) {
    printf("Connect failed: %s\n", mysqli_connect_error());
    exit();
}

$query = "SELECT Name, CountryCode FROM City ORDER by ID DESC LIMIT 150,5";

if ($stmt = $mysqli->prepare($query)) {

    /* execute statement */
    $stmt->execute();

    /* bind result variables */
    $stmt->bind_result($name, $code);

    /* fetch values */
    while ($stmt->fetch()) {
        printf ("%s (%s)\n", $name, $code);
    }

    /* close statement */
    $stmt->close();
}

/* close connection */
$mysqli->close();
?>

  

Example 20.160. Procedural style

<?php
$link = mysqli_connect("localhost", "my_user", "my_password", "world");

/* check connection */
if (mysqli_connect_errno()) {
    printf("Connect failed: %s\n", mysqli_connect_error());
    exit();
}

$query = "SELECT Name, CountryCode FROM City ORDER by ID DESC LIMIT 150,5";

if ($stmt = mysqli_prepare($link, $query)) {

    /* execute statement */
    mysqli_stmt_execute($stmt);

    /* bind result variables */
    mysqli_stmt_bind_result($stmt, $name, $code);

    /* fetch values */
    while (mysqli_stmt_fetch($stmt)) {
        printf ("%s (%s)\n", $name, $code);
    }

    /* close statement */
    mysqli_stmt_close($stmt);
}

/* close connection */
mysqli_close($link);
?>

   

The above example will output:



Rockford (USA)
Tallahassee (USA)
Salinas (USA)
Santa Clarita (USA)
Springfield (USA)


      

See Also

mysqli_prepare
mysqli_stmt_errno
mysqli_stmt_error
mysqli_stmt_bind_result

20.9.2.8.12. mysqli_stmt->field_count, mysqli_stmt_field_count

Copyright 1997-2008 the PHP Documentation Group.

  • mysqli_stmt->field_count

    mysqli_stmt_field_count

    Returns the number of field in the given statement

Description

 mysqli_stmt {
  int field_count ;
}
int mysqli_stmt_field_count(mysqli_stmt stmt);

Warning

This function is currently not documented; only its argument list is available.

20.9.2.8.13. mysqli_stmt::free_result, mysqli_stmt_free_result

Copyright 1997-2008 the PHP Documentation Group.

  • mysqli_stmt::free_result

    mysqli_stmt_free_result

    Frees stored result memory for the given statement handle

Description

Object oriented style (method):

void mysqli_stmt::free_result();

Procedural style:

void mysqli_stmt_free_result(mysqli_stmt stmt);

Frees the result memory associated with the statement, which was allocated by mysqli_stmt_store_result.

Parameters

stmt

Procedural style only: A statement identifier returned by mysqli_stmt_init.

Return Values

No value is returned.

See Also

mysqli_stmt_store_result

20.9.2.8.14. mysqli_stmt::get_warnings, mysqli_stmt_get_warnings

Copyright 1997-2008 the PHP Documentation Group.

  • mysqli_stmt::get_warnings

    mysqli_stmt_get_warnings

    Get result of SHOW WARNINGS

Description

object mysqli_stmt::get_warnings(mysqli_stmt stmt);
object mysqli_stmt_get_warnings(mysqli_stmt stmt);

Warning

This function is currently not documented; only its argument list is available.

20.9.2.8.15. mysqli_stmt->insert_id, mysqli_stmt_insert_id

Copyright 1997-2008 the PHP Documentation Group.

  • mysqli_stmt->insert_id

    mysqli_stmt_insert_id

    Get the ID generated from the previous INSERT operation

Description

 mysqli_stmt {
  int insert_id ;
}
mixed mysqli_stmt_insert_id(mysqli_stmt stmt);

Warning

This function is currently not documented; only its argument list is available.

20.9.2.8.16. mysqli_stmt::num_rows, mysqli_stmt_num_rows

Copyright 1997-2008 the PHP Documentation Group.

  • mysqli_stmt::num_rows

    mysqli_stmt_num_rows

    Return the number of rows in statements result set

Description

Object oriented style (property):

 mysqli_stmt {
  int num_rows ;
}

Procedural style :

int mysqli_stmt_num_rows(mysqli_stmt stmt);

Returns the number of rows in the result set. The use of mysqli_stmt_num_rows depends on whether or not you used mysqli_stmt_store_result to buffer the entire result set in the statement handle.

If you use mysqli_stmt_store_result, mysqli_stmt_num_rows may be called immediately.

Parameters

stmt

Procedural style only: A statement identifier returned by mysqli_stmt_init.

Return Values

An integer representing the number of rows in result set.

Examples

Example 20.161. Object oriented style

<?php
/* Open a connection */
$mysqli = new mysqli("localhost", "my_user", "my_password", "world");

/* check connection */
if (mysqli_connect_errno()) {
    printf("Connect failed: %s\n", mysqli_connect_error());
    exit();
}

$query = "SELECT Name, CountryCode FROM City ORDER BY Name LIMIT 20";
if ($stmt = $mysqli->prepare($query)) {

    /* execute query */
    $stmt->execute();

    /* store result */
    $stmt->store_result();

    printf("Number of rows: %d.\n", $stmt->num_rows);

    /* close statement */
    $stmt->close();
}

/* close connection */
$mysqli->close();
?>

  

Example 20.162. Procedural style

<?php
/* Open a connection */
$link = mysqli_connect("localhost", "my_user", "my_password", "world");

/* check connection */
if (mysqli_connect_errno()) {
    printf("Connect failed: %s\n", mysqli_connect_error());
    exit();
}

$query = "SELECT Name, CountryCode FROM City ORDER BY Name LIMIT 20";
if ($stmt = mysqli_prepare($link, $query)) {

    /* execute query */
    mysqli_stmt_execute($stmt);

    /* store result */
    mysqli_stmt_store_result($stmt);

    printf("Number of rows: %d.\n", mysqli_stmt_num_rows($stmt));

    /* close statement */
    mysqli_stmt_close($stmt);
}

/* close connection */
mysqli_close($link);
?>

   

The above example will output:



Number of rows: 20.


      

See Also

mysqli_stmt_affected_rows
mysqli_prepare
mysqli_stmt_store_result

20.9.2.8.17. mysqli_stmt->param_count, mysqli_stmt_param_count

Copyright 1997-2008 the PHP Documentation Group.

  • mysqli_stmt->param_count

    mysqli_stmt_param_count

    Returns the number of parameter for the given statement

Description

Object oriented style (property):

 mysqli_stmt {
  int param_count ;
}

Procedural style:

int mysqli_stmt_param_count(mysqli_stmt stmt);

Returns the number of parameter markers present in the prepared statement.

Parameters

stmt

Procedural style only: A statement identifier returned by mysqli_stmt_init.

Return Values

Returns an integer representing the number of parameters.

Examples

Example 20.163. Object oriented style

<?php
$mysqli = new mysqli("localhost", "my_user", "my_password", "world");

/* check connection */
if (mysqli_connect_errno()) {
    printf("Connect failed: %s\n", mysqli_connect_error());
    exit();
}

if ($stmt = $mysqli->prepare("SELECT Name FROM Country WHERE Name=? OR Code=?")) {

    $marker = $stmt->param_count;
    printf("Statement has %d markers.\n", $marker);

    /* close statement */
    $stmt->close();
}

/* close connection */
$mysqli->close();
?>

  

Example 20.164. Procedural style

<?php
$link = mysqli_connect("localhost", "my_user", "my_password", "world");

/* check connection */
if (mysqli_connect_errno()) {
    printf("Connect failed: %s\n", mysqli_connect_error());
    exit();
}

if ($stmt = mysqli_prepare($link, "SELECT Name FROM Country WHERE Name=? OR Code=?")) {

    $marker = mysqli_stmt_param_count($stmt);
    printf("Statement has %d markers.\n", $marker);

    /* close statement */
    mysqli_stmt_close($stmt);
}

/* close connection */
mysqli_close($link);
?>

   

The above example will output:



Statement has 2 markers.


      

See Also

mysqli_prepare

20.9.2.8.18. mysqli_stmt::prepare, mysqli_stmt_prepare

Copyright 1997-2008 the PHP Documentation Group.

  • mysqli_stmt::prepare

    mysqli_stmt_prepare

    Prepare a SQL statement for execution

Description

Object oriented style (method)

mixed mysqli_stmt::prepare(string query);

Procedure style:

bool mysqli_stmt_prepare(mysqli_stmt stmt,
                         string query);

Prepares the SQL query pointed to by the null-terminated string query.

The parameter markers must be bound to application variables using mysqli_stmt_bind_param and/or mysqli_stmt_bind_result before executing the statement or fetching rows.

Parameters

stmt

Procedural style only: A statement identifier returned by mysqli_stmt_init.

query

The query, as a string. It must consist of a single SQL statement.

You can include one or more parameter markers in the SQL statement by embedding question mark (?) characters at the appropriate positions.

Note

You should not add a terminating semicolon or \g to the statement.

Note

The markers are legal only in certain places in SQL statements. For example, they are allowed in the VALUES() list of an INSERT statement (to specify column values for a row), or in a comparison with a column in a WHERE clause to specify a comparison value.

However, they are not allowed for identifiers (such as table or column names), in the select list that names the columns to be returned by a SELECT statement), or to specify both operands of a binary operator such as the = equal sign. The latter restriction is necessary because it would be impossible to determine the parameter type. In general, parameters are legal only in Data Manipulation Language (DML) statements, and not in Data Definition Language (DDL) statements.

Return Values

Returns TRUE on success or FALSE on failure.

Examples

Example 20.165. Object oriented style

<?php
$mysqli = new mysqli("localhost", "my_user", "my_password", "world");

/* check connection */
if (mysqli_connect_errno()) {
    printf("Connect failed: %s\n", mysqli_connect_error());
    exit();
}

$city = "Amersfoort";

/* create a prepared statement */
$stmt =  $mysqli->stmt_init();
if ($stmt->prepare("SELECT District FROM City WHERE Name=?")) {

    /* bind parameters for markers */
    $stmt->bind_param("s", $city);

    /* execute query */
    $stmt->execute();

    /* bind result variables */
    $stmt->bind_result($district);

    /* fetch value */
    $stmt->fetch();

    printf("%s is in district %s\n", $city, $district);

    /* close statement */
    $stmt->close();
}

/* close connection */
$mysqli->close();
?>

  

Example 20.166. Procedural style

<?php
$link = mysqli_connect("localhost", "my_user", "my_password", "world");

/* check connection */
if (mysqli_connect_errno()) {
    printf("Connect failed: %s\n", mysqli_connect_error());
    exit();
}

$city = "Amersfoort";

/* create a prepared statement */
$stmt = mysqli_stmt_init($link);
if (mysqli_stmt_prepare($stmt, 'SELECT District FROM City WHERE Name=?')) {

    /* bind parameters for markers */
    mysqli_stmt_bind_param($stmt, "s", $city);

    /* execute query */
    mysqli_stmt_execute($stmt);

    /* bind result variables */
    mysqli_stmt_bind_result($stmt, $district);

    /* fetch value */
    mysqli_stmt_fetch($stmt);

    printf("%s is in district %s\n", $city, $district);

    /* close statement */
    mysqli_stmt_close($stmt);
}

/* close connection */
mysqli_close($link);
?>

   

The above example will output:



Amersfoort is in district Utrecht


      

See Also

mysqli_stmt_init, mysqli_stmt_execute, mysqli_stmt_fetch, mysqli_stmt_bind_param, mysqli_stmt_bind_result mysqli_stmt_close.

20.9.2.8.19. mysqli_stmt::reset, mysqli_stmt_reset

Copyright 1997-2008 the PHP Documentation Group.

  • mysqli_stmt::reset

    mysqli_stmt_reset

    Resets a prepared statement

Description

Object oriented style (method):

bool mysqli_stmt::reset();

Procedural style:

bool mysqli_stmt_reset(mysqli_stmt stmt);

Resets a prepared statement on client and server to state after prepare.

It resets the statement on the server, data sent using mysqli_stmt_send_long_data, unbuffered result sets and current errors. It does not clear bindings or stored result sets. Stored result sets will be cleared when executing the prepared statement (or closing it).

To prepare a statement with another query use function mysqli_stmt_prepare.

Parameters

stmt

Procedural style only: A statement identifier returned by mysqli_stmt_init.

Return Values

Returns TRUE on success or FALSE on failure.

See Also

mysqli_prepare

20.9.2.8.20. mysqli_stmt::result_metadata, mysqli_stmt_result_metadata

Copyright 1997-2008 the PHP Documentation Group.

  • mysqli_stmt::result_metadata

    mysqli_stmt_result_metadata

    Returns result set metadata from a prepared statement

Description

Object oriented style (method):

mysqli_result mysqli_stmt::result_metadata();

Procedural style:

mysqli_result mysqli_stmt_result_metadata(mysqli_stmt stmt);

If a statement passed to mysqli_prepare is one that produces a result set, mysqli_stmt_result_metadata returns the result object that can be used to process the meta information such as total number of fields and individual field information.

Note

This result set pointer can be passed as an argument to any of the field-based functions that process result set metadata, such as:

  • mysqli_num_fields

  • mysqli_fetch_field

  • mysqli_fetch_field_direct

  • mysqli_fetch_fields

  • mysqli_field_count

  • mysqli_field_seek

  • mysqli_field_tell

  • mysqli_free_result

The result set structure should be freed when you are done with it, which you can do by passing it to mysqli_free_result

Note

The result set returned by mysqli_stmt_result_metadata contains only metadata. It does not contain any row results. The rows are obtained by using the statement handle with mysqli_stmt_fetch.

Parameters

stmt

Procedural style only: A statement identifier returned by mysqli_stmt_init.

Return Values

Returns a result object or FALSE if an error occurred.

Examples

Example 20.167. Object oriented style

<?php
$mysqli = new mysqli("localhost", "my_user", "my_password", "test");

$mysqli->query("DROP TABLE IF EXISTS friends");
$mysqli->query("CREATE TABLE friends (id int, name varchar(20))");

$mysqli->query("INSERT INTO friends VALUES (1,'Hartmut'), (2, 'Ulf')");

$stmt = $mysqli->prepare("SELECT id, name FROM friends");
$stmt->execute();

/* get resultset for metadata */
$result = $stmt->result_metadata();

/* retrieve field information from metadata result set */
$field = $result->fetch_field();

printf("Fieldname: %s\n", $field->name);

/* close resultset */
$result->close();

/* close connection */
$mysqli->close();
?>

    

Example 20.168. Procedural style

<?php
$link = mysqli_connect("localhost", "my_user", "my_password", "test");

mysqli_query($link, "DROP TABLE IF EXISTS friends");
mysqli_query($link, "CREATE TABLE friends (id int, name varchar(20))");

mysqli_query($link, "INSERT INTO friends VALUES (1,'Hartmut'), (2, 'Ulf')");

$stmt = mysqli_prepare($link, "SELECT id, name FROM friends");
mysqli_stmt_execute($stmt);

/* get resultset for metadata */
$result = mysqli_stmt_result_metadata($stmt);

/* retrieve field information from metadata result set */
$field = mysqli_fetch_field($result);

printf("Fieldname: %s\n", $field->name);

/* close resultset */
mysqli_free_result($result);

/* close connection */
mysqli_close($link);
?>

    

See Also

mysqli_prepare
mysqli_free_result

20.9.2.8.21. mysqli_stmt::send_long_data, mysqli_stmt_send_long_data

Copyright 1997-2008 the PHP Documentation Group.

  • mysqli_stmt::send_long_data

    mysqli_stmt_send_long_data

    Send data in blocks

Description

Object oriented style (method)

bool mysqli_stmt::send_long_data(int param_nr,
                                 string data);

Procedural style:

bool mysqli_stmt_send_long_data(mysqli_stmt stmt,
                                int param_nr,
                                string data);

Allows to send parameter data to the server in pieces (or chunks), e.g. if the size of a blob exceeds the size of max_allowed_packet. This function can be called multiple times to send the parts of a character or binary data value for a column, which must be one of the TEXT or BLOB datatypes.

Parameters

stmt

Procedural style only: A statement identifier returned by mysqli_stmt_init.

param_nr

Indicates which parameter to associate the data with. Parameters are numbered beginning with 0.

data

A string containing data to be sent.

Return Values

Returns TRUE on success or FALSE on failure.

Examples

Example 20.169. Object oriented style

<?php
$stmt = $mysqli->prepare("INSERT INTO messages (message) VALUES (?)");
$null = NULL;
$stmt->bind_param("b", $null);
$fp = fopen("messages.txt", "r");
while (!feof($fp)) {
    $stmt->send_long_data(0, fread($fp, 8192));
}
fclose($fp);
$stmt->execute();
?>

  

See Also

mysqli_prepare
mysqli_stmt_bind_param

20.9.2.8.22. mysqli_stmt::sqlstate, mysqli_stmt_sqlstate

Copyright 1997-2008 the PHP Documentation Group.

  • mysqli_stmt::sqlstate

    mysqli_stmt_sqlstate

    Returns SQLSTATE error from previous statement operation

Description

Object oriented style (property):

 mysqli_stmt {
  string sqlstate ;
}

Procedural style:

string mysqli_stmt_sqlstate(mysqli_stmt stmt);

Returns a string containing the SQLSTATE error code for the most recently invoked prepared statement function that can succeed or fail. The error code consists of five characters. '00000' means no error. The values are specified by ANSI SQL and ODBC. For a list of possible values, see http://dev.mysql.com/doc/mysql/en/error-handling.html.

Parameters

stmt

Procedural style only: A statement identifier returned by mysqli_stmt_init.

Return Values

Returns a string containing the SQLSTATE error code for the last error. The error code consists of five characters. '00000' means no error.

Notes

Note

Note that not all MySQL errors are yet mapped to SQLSTATE's. The value HY000 (general error) is used for unmapped errors.

Examples

Example 20.170. Object oriented style

<?php
/* Open a connection */
$mysqli = new mysqli("localhost", "my_user", "my_password", "world");

/* check connection */
if (mysqli_connect_errno()) {
    printf("Connect failed: %s\n", mysqli_connect_error());
    exit();
}

$mysqli->query("CREATE TABLE myCountry LIKE Country");
$mysqli->query("INSERT INTO myCountry SELECT * FROM Country");


$query = "SELECT Name, Code FROM myCountry ORDER BY Name";
if ($stmt = $mysqli->prepare($query)) {

    /* drop table */
    $mysqli->query("DROP TABLE myCountry");

    /* execute query */
    $stmt->execute();

    printf("Error: %s.\n", $stmt->sqlstate);

    /* close statement */
    $stmt->close();
}

/* close connection */
$mysqli->close();
?>

  

Example 20.171. Procedural style

<?php
/* Open a connection */
$link = mysqli_connect("localhost", "my_user", "my_password", "world");

/* check connection */
if (mysqli_connect_errno()) {
    printf("Connect failed: %s\n", mysqli_connect_error());
    exit();
}

mysqli_query($link, "CREATE TABLE myCountry LIKE Country");
mysqli_query($link, "INSERT INTO myCountry SELECT * FROM Country");


$query = "SELECT Name, Code FROM myCountry ORDER BY Name";
if ($stmt = mysqli_prepare($link, $query)) {

    /* drop table */
    mysqli_query($link, "DROP TABLE myCountry");

    /* execute query */
    mysqli_stmt_execute($stmt);

    printf("Error: %s.\n", mysqli_stmt_sqlstate($stmt));

    /* close statement */
    mysqli_stmt_close($stmt);
}

/* close connection */
mysqli_close($link);
?>

   

The above example will output:



Error: 42S02.


      

See Also

mysqli_stmt_errno
mysqli_stmt_error

20.9.2.8.23. mysqli_stmt::store_result, mysqli_stmt_store_result

Copyright 1997-2008 the PHP Documentation Group.

  • mysqli_stmt::store_result

    mysqli_stmt_store_result

    Transfers a result set from a prepared statement

Description

Object oriented style (method):

bool mysqli_stmt::store_result();

Procedural style:

bool mysqli_stmt_store_result(mysqli_stmt stmt);

You must call mysqli_stmt_store_result for every query that successfully produces a result set (SELECT, SHOW, DESCRIBE, EXPLAIN), and only if you want to buffer the complete result set by the client, so that the subsequent mysqli_stmt_fetch call returns buffered data.

Note

It is unnecessary to call mysqli_stmt_store_result for other queries, but if you do, it will not harm or cause any notable performance in all cases. You can detect whether the query produced a result set by checking if mysqli_stmt_result_metadata returns NULL.

Parameters

stmt

Procedural style only: A statement identifier returned by mysqli_stmt_init.

Return Values

Returns TRUE on success or FALSE on failure.

Examples

Example 20.172. Object oriented style

<?php
/* Open a connection */
$mysqli = new mysqli("localhost", "my_user", "my_password", "world");

/* check connection */
if (mysqli_connect_errno()) {
    printf("Connect failed: %s\n", mysqli_connect_error());
    exit();
}

$query = "SELECT Name, CountryCode FROM City ORDER BY Name LIMIT 20";
if ($stmt = $mysqli->prepare($query)) {

    /* execute query */
    $stmt->execute();

    /* store result */
    $stmt->store_result();

    printf("Number of rows: %d.\n", $stmt->num_rows);

    /* free result */
    $stmt->free_result();

    /* close statement */
    $stmt->close();
}

/* close connection */
$mysqli->close();
?>

  

Example 20.173. Procedural style

<?php
/* Open a connection */
$link = mysqli_connect("localhost", "my_user", "my_password", "world");

/* check connection */
if (mysqli_connect_errno()) {
    printf("Connect failed: %s\n", mysqli_connect_error());
    exit();
}

$query = "SELECT Name, CountryCode FROM City ORDER BY Name LIMIT 20";
if ($stmt = mysqli_prepare($link, $query)) {

    /* execute query */
    mysqli_stmt_execute($stmt);

    /* store result */
    mysqli_stmt_store_result($stmt);

    printf("Number of rows: %d.\n", mysqli_stmt_num_rows($stmt));

    /* free result */
    mysqli_stmt_free_result($stmt);

    /* close statement */
    mysqli_stmt_close($stmt);
}

/* close connection */
mysqli_close($link);
?>

   

The above example will output:



Number of rows: 20.


      

See Also

mysqli_prepare
mysqli_stmt_result_metadata
mysqli_stmt_fetch

20.9.2.9. The MySQLi_Result class (MySQLi_Result)

Copyright 1997-2008 the PHP Documentation Group.

Represents the result set obtained from a query against the database.

 MySQLi_Result {
MySQLi_Result Properties  int current_field ;
  int field_count ;
  array lengths ;
  int num_rows ;
Methods  int mysqli_field_tell(mysqli_result result);
  bool mysqli_result::data_seek(int offset);
  mixed mysqli_result::fetch_all(int resulttype= =MYSQLI_NUM);
  mixed mysqli_result::fetch_array(int resulttype= =MYSQLI_BOTH);
  array mysqli_result::fetch_assoc();
  object mysqli_result::fetch_field_direct(int fieldnr);
  object mysqli_result::fetch_field();
  array mysqli_result::fetch_fields();
  object mysqli_result::fetch_object(string class_name,
                                     array params);

  mixed mysqli_result::fetch_row();
  int mysqli_num_fields(mysqli_result result);
  bool mysqli_result::field_seek(int fieldnr);
  void mysqli_result::free();
  array mysqli_fetch_lengths(mysqli_result result);
  int mysqli_num_rows(mysqli_result result);
}
20.9.2.9.1. mysqli_result->current_field, mysqli_field_tell

Copyright 1997-2008 the PHP Documentation Group.

  • mysqli_result->current_field

    mysqli_field_tell

    Get current field offset of a result pointer

Description

Object oriented style (property):

 mysqli_result {
  int current_field ;
}

Procedural style:

int mysqli_field_tell(mysqli_result result);

Returns the position of the field cursor used for the last mysqli_fetch_field call. This value can be used as an argument to mysqli_field_seek.

Parameters

result

Procedural style only: A result set identifier returned by mysqli_query, mysqli_store_result or mysqli_use_result.

Return Values

Returns current offset of field cursor.

Examples

Example 20.174. Object oriented style

<?php
$mysqli = new mysqli("localhost", "my_user", "my_password", "world");

/* check connection */
if (mysqli_connect_errno()) {
    printf("Connect failed: %s\n", mysqli_connect_error());
    exit();
}

$query = "SELECT Name, SurfaceArea from Country ORDER BY Code LIMIT 5";

if ($result = $mysqli->query($query)) {

    /* Get field information for all columns */
    while ($finfo = $result->fetch_field()) {

        /* get fieldpointer offset */
        $currentfield = $result->current_field;

        printf("Column %d:\n", $currentfield);
        printf("Name:     %s\n", $finfo->name);
        printf("Table:    %s\n", $finfo->table);
        printf("max. Len: %d\n", $finfo->max_length);
        printf("Flags:    %d\n", $finfo->flags);
        printf("Type:     %d\n\n", $finfo->type);
    }
    $result->close();
}

/* close connection */
$mysqli->close();
?>

  

Example 20.175. Procedural style

<?php
$link = mysqli_connect("localhost", "my_user", "my_password", "world");

/* check connection */
if (mysqli_connect_errno()) {
    printf("Connect failed: %s\n", mysqli_connect_error());
    exit();
}

$query = "SELECT Name, SurfaceArea from Country ORDER BY Code LIMIT 5";

if ($result = mysqli_query($link, $query)) {

    /* Get field information for all fields */
    while ($finfo = mysqli_fetch_field($result)) {

        /* get fieldpointer offset */
        $currentfield = mysqli_field_tell($result);

        printf("Column %d:\n", $currentfield);
        printf("Name:     %s\n", $finfo->name);
        printf("Table:    %s\n", $finfo->table);
        printf("max. Len: %d\n", $finfo->max_length);
        printf("Flags:    %d\n", $finfo->flags);
        printf("Type:     %d\n\n", $finfo->type);
    }
    mysqli_free_result($result);
}

/* close connection */
mysqli_close($link);
?>

   

The above example will output:



Column 1:
Name:     Name
Table:    Country
max. Len: 11
Flags:    1
Type:     254

Column 2:
Name:     SurfaceArea
Table:    Country
max. Len: 10
Flags:    32769
Type:     4



      

See Also

mysqli_fetch_field
mysqli_field_seek

20.9.2.9.2. mysqli_result::data_seek, mysqli_data_seek

Copyright 1997-2008 the PHP Documentation Group.

  • mysqli_result::data_seek

    mysqli_data_seek

    Adjusts the result pointer to an arbitary row in the result

Description

Object oriented style (method):

bool mysqli_result::data_seek(int offset);

Procedural style:

bool mysqli_data_seek(mysqli_result result,
                      int offset);

The mysqli_data_seek function seeks to an arbitrary result pointer specified by the offset in the result set.

Parameters

result

Procedural style only: A result set identifier returned by mysqli_query, mysqli_store_result or mysqli_use_result.

offset

The field offset. Must be between zero and the total number of rows minus one (0..mysqli_num_rows - 1).

Return Values

Returns TRUE on success or FALSE on failure.

Notes

Note

This function can only be used with buffered results attained from the use of the mysqli_store_result or mysqli_query functions.

Examples

Example 20.176. Object oriented style

<?php
/* Open a connection */
$mysqli = new mysqli("localhost", "my_user", "my_password", "world");

/* check connection */
if (mysqli_connect_errno()) {
    printf("Connect failed: %s\n", mysqli_connect_error());
    exit();
}

$query = "SELECT Name, CountryCode FROM City ORDER BY Name";
if ($result = $mysqli->query( $query)) {

    /* seek to row no. 400 */
    $result->data_seek(399);

    /* fetch row */
    $row = $result->fetch_row();

    printf ("City: %s  Countrycode: %s\n", $row[0], $row[1]);

    /* free result set*/
    $result->close();
}

/* close connection */
$mysqli->close();
?>

  

Example 20.177. Procedural style

<?php
/* Open a connection */
$link = mysqli_connect("localhost", "my_user", "my_password", "world");

/* check connection */
if (!$link) {
    printf("Connect failed: %s\n", mysqli_connect_error());
    exit();
}

$query = "SELECT Name, CountryCode FROM City ORDER BY Name";

if ($result = mysqli_query($link, $query)) {

    /* seek to row no. 400 */
    mysqli_data_seek($result, 399);

    /* fetch row */
    $row = mysqli_fetch_row($result);

    printf ("City: %s  Countrycode: %s\n", $row[0], $row[1]);

    /* free result set*/
    mysqli_free_result($result);
}

/* close connection */
mysqli_close($link);
?>

   

The above example will output:



City: Benin City  Countrycode: NGA


      

See Also

mysqli_store_result
mysqli_fetch_row
mysqli_fetch_array
mysqli_fetch_assoc
mysqli_fetch_object
mysqli_query
mysqli_num_rows

20.9.2.9.3. mysqli_result::fetch_all, mysqli_fetch_all

Copyright 1997-2008 the PHP Documentation Group.

  • mysqli_result::fetch_all

    mysqli_fetch_all

    Fetches all result rows as an associative array, a numeric array, or both

Description

Object oriented style (method):

mixed mysqli_result::fetch_all(int resulttype= =MYSQLI_NUM);

Procedural style:

mixed mysqli_fetch_all(mysqli_result result,
                       int resulttype= =MYSQLI_NUM);

mysqli_fetch_all fetches all result rows and returns the result set as an associative array, a numeric array, or both.

Parameters

result

Procedural style only: A result set identifier returned by mysqli_query, mysqli_store_result or mysqli_use_result.

resulttype

This optional parameter is a constant indicating what type of array should be produced from the current row data. The possible values for this parameter are the constants MYSQLI_ASSOC , MYSQLI_NUM , or MYSQLI_BOTH .

Return Values

Returns an array of associative or numeric arrays holding result rows.

MySQL Native Driver Only

Available only with mysqlnd.

As mysqli_fetch_all returns all the rows as an array in a single step, it may consume more memory than some similar functions such as mysqli_fetch_array, which only returns one row at a time from the result set. Further, if you need to iterate over the result set, you will need a looping construct that will further impact performance. For these reasons mysqli_fetch_all should only be used in those situations where the fetched result set will be sent to another layer for processing.

See Also

mysqli_fetch_array
mysqli_query

20.9.2.9.4. mysqli_result::fetch_array, mysqli_fetch_array

Copyright 1997-2008 the PHP Documentation Group.

  • mysqli_result::fetch_array

    mysqli_fetch_array

    Fetch a result row as an associative, a numeric array, or both

Description

Object oriented style (method):

mixed mysqli_result::fetch_array(int resulttype= =MYSQLI_BOTH);

Procedural style:

mixed mysqli_fetch_array(mysqli_result result,
                         int resulttype= =MYSQLI_BOTH);

Returns an array that corresponds to the fetched row or NULL if there are no more rows for the resultset represented by the result parameter.

mysqli_fetch_array is an extended version of the mysqli_fetch_row function. In addition to storing the data in the numeric indices of the result array, the mysqli_fetch_array function can also store the data in associative indices, using the field names of the result set as keys.

Note

Field names returned by this function are case-sensitive.

Note

This function sets NULL fields to the PHP NULL value.

If two or more columns of the result have the same field names, the last column will take precedence and overwrite the earlier data. In order to access multiple columns with the same name, the numerically indexed version of the row must be used.

Parameters

result

Procedural style only: A result set identifier returned by mysqli_query, mysqli_store_result or mysqli_use_result.

resulttype

This optional parameter is a constant indicating what type of array should be produced from the current row data. The possible values for this parameter are the constants MYSQLI_ASSOC , MYSQLI_NUM , or MYSQLI_BOTH .

By using the MYSQLI_ASSOC constant this function will behave identically to the mysqli_fetch_assoc, while MYSQLI_NUM will behave identically to the mysqli_fetch_row function. The final option MYSQLI_BOTH will create a single array with the attributes of both.

Return Values

Returns an array of strings that corresponds to the fetched row or NULL if there are no more rows in resultset.

Examples

Example 20.178. Object oriented style

<?php
$mysqli = new mysqli("localhost", "my_user", "my_password", "world");

/* check connection */
if (mysqli_connect_errno()) {
    printf("Connect failed: %s\n", mysqli_connect_error());
    exit();
}

$query = "SELECT Name, CountryCode FROM City ORDER by ID LIMIT 3";
$result = $mysqli->query($query);

/* numeric array */
$row = $result->fetch_array(MYSQLI_NUM);
printf ("%s (%s)\n", $row[0], $row[1]);

/* associative array */
$row = $result->fetch_array(MYSQLI_ASSOC);
printf ("%s (%s)\n", $row["Name"], $row["CountryCode"]);

/* associative and numeric array */
$row = $result->fetch_array(MYSQLI_BOTH);
printf ("%s (%s)\n", $row[0], $row["CountryCode"]);

/* free result set */
$result->close();

/* close connection */
$mysqli->close();
?>

  

Example 20.179. Procedural style

<?php
$link = mysqli_connect("localhost", "my_user", "my_password", "world");

/* check connection */
if (mysqli_connect_errno()) {
    printf("Connect failed: %s\n", mysqli_connect_error());
    exit();
}

$query = "SELECT Name, CountryCode FROM City ORDER by ID LIMIT 3";
$result = mysqli_query($link, $query);

/* numeric array */
$row = mysqli_fetch_array($result, MYSQLI_NUM);
printf ("%s (%s)\n", $row[0], $row[1]);

/* associative array */
$row = mysqli_fetch_array($result, MYSQLI_ASSOC);
printf ("%s (%s)\n", $row["Name"], $row["CountryCode"]);

/* associative and numeric array */
$row = mysqli_fetch_array($result, MYSQLI_BOTH);
printf ("%s (%s)\n", $row[0], $row["CountryCode"]);

/* free result set */
mysqli_free_result($result);

/* close connection */
mysqli_close($link);
?>

   

The above example will output:



Kabul (AFG)
Qandahar (AFG)
Herat (AFG)


      

See Also

mysqli_fetch_assoc
mysqli_fetch_row
mysqli_fetch_object
mysqli_query
mysqli_data_seek

20.9.2.9.5. mysqli_result::fetch_assoc, mysqli_fetch_assoc

Copyright 1997-2008 the PHP Documentation Group.

  • mysqli_result::fetch_assoc

    mysqli_fetch_assoc

    Fetch a result row as an associative array

Description

Object oriented style (method):

array mysqli_result::fetch_assoc();

Procedural style:

array mysqli_fetch_assoc(mysqli_result result);

Returns an associative array that corresponds to the fetched row or NULL if there are no more rows.

Note

Field names returned by this function are case-sensitive.

Note

This function sets NULL fields to the PHP NULL value.

Parameters

result

Procedural style only: A result set identifier returned by mysqli_query, mysqli_store_result or mysqli_use_result.

Return Values

Returns an associative array of strings representing the fetched row in the result set, where each key in the array represents the name of one of the result set's columns or NULL if there are no more rows in resultset.

If two or more columns of the result have the same field names, the last column will take precedence. To access the other column(s) of the same name, you either need to access the result with numeric indices by using mysqli_fetch_row or add alias names.

Examples

Example 20.180. Object oriented style

<?php
$mysqli = new mysqli("localhost", "my_user", "my_password", "world");

/* check connection */
if (mysqli_connect_errno()) {
    printf("Connect failed: %s\n", mysqli_connect_error());
    exit();
}

$query = "SELECT Name, CountryCode FROM City ORDER by ID DESC LIMIT 50,5";

if ($result = $mysqli->query($query)) {

    /* fetch associative array */
    while ($row = $result->fetch_assoc()) {
        printf ("%s (%s)\n", $row["Name"], $row["CountryCode"]);
    }

    /* free result set */
    $result->close();
}

/* close connection */
$mysqli->close();
?>

  

Example 20.181. Procedural style

<?php
$link = mysqli_connect("localhost", "my_user", "my_password", "world");

/* check connection */
if (mysqli_connect_errno()) {
    printf("Connect failed: %s\n", mysqli_connect_error());
    exit();
}

$query = "SELECT Name, CountryCode FROM City ORDER by ID DESC LIMIT 50,5";

if ($result = mysqli_query($link, $query)) {

    /* fetch associative array */
    while ($row = mysqli_fetch_assoc($result)) {
        printf ("%s (%s)\n", $row["Name"], $row["CountryCode"]);
    }

    /* free result set */
    mysqli_free_result($result);
}

/* close connection */
mysqli_close($link);
?>

   

The above example will output:



Pueblo (USA)
Arvada (USA)
Cape Coral (USA)
Green Bay (USA)
Santa Clara (USA)


      

See Also

mysqli_fetch_array
mysqli_fetch_row
mysqli_fetch_object
mysqli_query
mysqli_data_seek

20.9.2.9.6. mysqli_result::fetch_field_direct, mysqli_fetch_field_direct

Copyright 1997-2008 the PHP Documentation Group.

  • mysqli_result::fetch_field_direct

    mysqli_fetch_field_direct

    Fetch meta-data for a single field

Description

Object oriented style (method):

object mysqli_result::fetch_field_direct(int fieldnr);

Procedural style:

object mysqli_fetch_field_direct(mysqli_result result,
                                 int fieldnr);

Returns an object which contains field definition information from the specified result set.

Parameters

result

Procedural style only: A result set identifier returned by mysqli_query, mysqli_store_result or mysqli_use_result.

fieldnr

The field number. This value must be in the range from 0 to number of fields - 1.

Return Values

Returns an object which contains field definition information or FALSE if no field information for specified fieldnr is available.

Table 20.14. Object attributes

AttributeDescription
nameThe name of the column
orgnameOriginal column name if an alias was specified
tableThe name of the table this field belongs to (if not calculated)
orgtableOriginal table name if an alias was specified
defThe default value for this field, represented as a string
max_lengthThe maximum width of the field for the result set.
lengthThe width of the field, as specified in the table definition.
charsetnrThe character set number for the field.
flagsAn integer representing the bit-flags for the field.
typeThe data type used for this field
decimalsThe number of decimals used (for integer fields)

Examples

Example 20.182. Object oriented style

<?php
$mysqli = new mysqli("localhost", "my_user", "my_password", "world");

/* check connection */
if (mysqli_connect_errno()) {
    printf("Connect failed: %s\n", mysqli_connect_error());
    exit();
}

$query = "SELECT Name, SurfaceArea from Country ORDER BY Name LIMIT 5";

if ($result = $mysqli->query($query)) {

    /* Get field information for column 'SurfaceArea' */
    $finfo = $result->fetch_field_direct(1);

    printf("Name:     %s\n", $finfo->name);
    printf("Table:    %s\n", $finfo->table);
    printf("max. Len: %d\n", $finfo->max_length);
    printf("Flags:    %d\n", $finfo->flags);
    printf("Type:     %d\n", $finfo->type);

    $result->close();
}

/* close connection */
$mysqli->close();
?>

  

Example 20.183. Procedural style

<?php
$link = mysqli_connect("localhost", "my_user", "my_password", "world");

/* check connection */
if (mysqli_connect_errno()) {
    printf("Connect failed: %s\n", mysqli_connect_error());
    exit();
}

$query = "SELECT Name, SurfaceArea from Country ORDER BY Name LIMIT 5";

if ($result = mysqli_query($link, $query)) {

    /* Get field information for column 'SurfaceArea' */
    $finfo = mysqli_fetch_field_direct($result, 1);

    printf("Name:     %s\n", $finfo->name);
    printf("Table:    %s\n", $finfo->table);
    printf("max. Len: %d\n", $finfo->max_length);
    printf("Flags:    %d\n", $finfo->flags);
    printf("Type:     %d\n", $finfo->type);

    mysqli_free_result($result);
}

/* close connection */
mysqli_close($link);
?>

   

The above example will output:



Name:     SurfaceArea
Table:    Country
max. Len: 10
Flags:    32769
Type:     4


      

See Also

mysqli_num_fields
mysqli_fetch_field
mysqli_fetch_fields

20.9.2.9.7. mysqli_result::fetch_field, mysqli_fetch_field

Copyright 1997-2008 the PHP Documentation Group.

  • mysqli_result::fetch_field

    mysqli_fetch_field

    Returns the next field in the result set

Description

Object oriented style (method):

object mysqli_result::fetch_field();

Procedural style:

object mysqli_fetch_field(mysqli_result result);

Returns the definition of one column of a result set as an object. Call this function repeatedly to retrieve information about all columns in the result set.

Parameters

result

Procedural style only: A result set identifier returned by mysqli_query, mysqli_store_result or mysqli_use_result.

Return Values

Returns an object which contains field definition information or FALSE if no field information is available.

Table 20.15. Object properties

PropertyDescription
nameThe name of the column
orgnameOriginal column name if an alias was specified
tableThe name of the table this field belongs to (if not calculated)
orgtableOriginal table name if an alias was specified
defThe default value for this field, represented as a string
max_lengthThe maximum width of the field for the result set.
lengthThe width of the field, as specified in the table definition.
charsetnrThe character set number for the field.
flagsAn integer representing the bit-flags for the field.
typeThe data type used for this field
decimalsThe number of decimals used (for integer fields)

Examples

Example 20.184. Object oriented style

<?php
$mysqli = new mysqli("localhost", "my_user", "my_password", "world");

/* check connection */
if (mysqli_connect_errno()) {
    printf("Connect failed: %s\n", mysqli_connect_error());
    exit();
}

$query = "SELECT Name, SurfaceArea from Country ORDER BY Code LIMIT 5";

if ($result = $mysqli->query($query)) {

    /* Get field information for all columns */
    while ($finfo = $result->fetch_field()) {

        printf("Name:     %s\n", $finfo->name);
        printf("Table:    %s\n", $finfo->table);
        printf("max. Len: %d\n", $finfo->max_length);
        printf("Flags:    %d\n", $finfo->flags);
        printf("Type:     %d\n\n", $finfo->type);
    }
    $result->close();
}

/* close connection */
$mysqli->close();
?>

  

Example 20.185. Procedural style

<?php
$link = mysqli_connect("localhost", "my_user", "my_password", "world");

/* check connection */
if (mysqli_connect_errno()) {
    printf("Connect failed: %s\n", mysqli_connect_error());
    exit();
}

$query = "SELECT Name, SurfaceArea from Country ORDER BY Code LIMIT 5";

if ($result = mysqli_query($link, $query)) {

    /* Get field information for all fields */
    while ($finfo = mysqli_fetch_field($result)) {

        printf("Name:     %s\n", $finfo->name);
        printf("Table:    %s\n", $finfo->table);
        printf("max. Len: %d\n", $finfo->max_length);
        printf("Flags:    %d\n", $finfo->flags);
        printf("Type:     %d\n\n", $finfo->type);
    }
    mysqli_free_result($result);
}

/* close connection */
mysqli_close($link);
?>

   

The above example will output:



Name:     Name
Table:    Country
max. Len: 11
Flags:    1
Type:     254

Name:     SurfaceArea
Table:    Country
max. Len: 10
Flags:    32769
Type:     4



      

See Also

mysqli_num_fields
mysqli_fetch_field_direct
mysqli_fetch_fields
mysqli_field_seek

20.9.2.9.8. mysqli_result::fetch_fields, mysqli_fetch_fields

Copyright 1997-2008 the PHP Documentation Group.

  • mysqli_result::fetch_fields

    mysqli_fetch_fields

    Returns an array of objects representing the fields in a result set

Description

Object oriented style (method):

array mysqli_result::fetch_fields();

Procedural Style:

array mysqli_fetch_fields(mysqli_result result);

This function serves an identical purpose to the mysqli_fetch_field function with the single difference that, instead of returning one object at a time for each field, the columns are returned as an array of objects.

Parameters

result

Procedural style only: A result set identifier returned by mysqli_query, mysqli_store_result or mysqli_use_result.

Return Values

Returns an array of objects which contains field definition information or FALSE if no field information is available.

Table 20.16. Object properties

PropertyDescription
nameThe name of the column
orgnameOriginal column name if an alias was specified
tableThe name of the table this field belongs to (if not calculated)
orgtableOriginal table name if an alias was specified
defThe default value for this field, represented as a string
max_lengthThe maximum width of the field for the result set.
lengthThe width of the field, as specified in the table definition.
charsetnrThe character set number for the field.
flagsAn integer representing the bit-flags for the field.
typeThe data type used for this field
decimalsThe number of decimals used (for integer fields)

Examples

Example 20.186. Object oriented style

<?php
$mysqli = new mysqli("localhost", "my_user", "my_password", "world");

/* check connection */
if (mysqli_connect_errno()) {
    printf("Connect failed: %s\n", mysqli_connect_error());
    exit();
}

$query = "SELECT Name, SurfaceArea from Country ORDER BY Code LIMIT 5";

if ($result = $mysqli->query($query)) {

    /* Get field information for all columns */
    $finfo = $result->fetch_fields();

    foreach ($finfo as $val) {
        printf("Name:     %s\n", $val->name);
        printf("Table:    %s\n", $val->table);
        printf("max. Len: %d\n", $val->max_length);
        printf("Flags:    %d\n", $val->flags);
        printf("Type:     %d\n\n", $val->type);
    }
    $result->close();
}

/* close connection */
$mysqli->close();
?>

  

Example 20.187. Procedural style

<?php
$link = mysqli_connect("localhost", "my_user", "my_password", "world");

/* check connection */
if (mysqli_connect_errno()) {
    printf("Connect failed: %s\n", mysqli_connect_error());
    exit();
}

$query = "SELECT Name, SurfaceArea from Country ORDER BY Code LIMIT 5";

if ($result = mysqli_query($link, $query)) {

    /* Get field information for all columns */
    $finfo = mysqli_fetch_fields($result);

    foreach ($finfo as $val) {
        printf("Name:     %s\n", $val->name);
        printf("Table:    %s\n", $val->table);
        printf("max. Len: %d\n", $val->max_length);
        printf("Flags:    %d\n", $val->flags);
        printf("Type:     %d\n\n", $val->type);
    }
    mysqli_free_result($result);
}

/* close connection */
mysqli_close($link);
?>

   

The above example will output:



Name:     Name
Table:    Country
max. Len: 11
Flags:    1
Type:     254

Name:     SurfaceArea
Table:    Country
max. Len: 10
Flags:    32769
Type:     4



      

See Also

mysqli_num_fields
mysqli_fetch_field_direct
mysqli_fetch_field

20.9.2.9.9. mysqli_result::fetch_object, mysqli_fetch_object

Copyright 1997-2008 the PHP Documentation Group.

  • mysqli_result::fetch_object

    mysqli_fetch_object

    Returns the current row of a result set as an object

Description

Object oriented style (method):

object mysqli_result::fetch_object(string class_name,
                                   array params);

Procedural style:

object mysqli_fetch_object(mysqli_result result,
                           string class_name,
                           array params);

The mysqli_fetch_object will return the current row result set as an object where the attributes of the object represent the names of the fields found within the result set.

Parameters

result

Procedural style only: A result set identifier returned by mysqli_query, mysqli_store_result or mysqli_use_result.

class_name

The name of the class to instantiate, set the properties of and return. If not specified, a stdClass object is returned.

params

An optional array of parameters to pass to the constructor for class_name objects.

Return Values

Returns an object with string properties that corresponds to the fetched row or NULL if there are no more rows in resultset.

Note

Field names returned by this function are case-sensitive.

Note

This function sets NULL fields to the PHP NULL value.

Changelog

VersionDescription
5.0.0Added the ability to return as a different object.

Examples

Example 20.188. Object oriented style

<?php
$mysqli = new mysqli("localhost", "my_user", "my_password", "world");

/* check connection */
if (mysqli_connect_errno()) {
    printf("Connect failed: %s\n", mysqli_connect_error());
    exit();
}
 
$query = "SELECT Name, CountryCode FROM City ORDER by ID DESC LIMIT 50,5";

if ($result = $mysqli->query($query)) {

    /* fetch object array */
    while ($obj = $result->fetch_object()) {
        printf ("%s (%s)\n", $obj->Name, $obj->CountryCode);
    }

    /* free result set */
    $result->close();
}

/* close connection */
$mysqli->close();
?>

   

Example 20.189. Procedural style

<?php
$link = mysqli_connect("localhost", "my_user", "my_password", "world");

/* check connection */
if (mysqli_connect_errno()) {
    printf("Connect failed: %s\n", mysqli_connect_error());
    exit();
}

$query = "SELECT Name, CountryCode FROM City ORDER by ID DESC LIMIT 50,5";

if ($result = mysqli_query($link, $query)) {

    /* fetch associative array */
    while ($obj = mysqli_fetch_object($result)) {
        printf ("%s (%s)\n", $obj->Name, $obj->CountryCode);
    }

    /* free result set */
    mysqli_free_result($result);
}

/* close connection */
mysqli_close($link);
?>

   

The above example will output:



Pueblo (USA)
Arvada (USA)
Cape Coral (USA)
Green Bay (USA)
Santa Clara (USA)


      

See Also

mysqli_fetch_array
mysqli_fetch_assoc
mysqli_fetch_row
mysqli_query
mysqli_data_seek

20.9.2.9.10. mysqli_result::fetch_row, mysqli_fetch_row

Copyright 1997-2008 the PHP Documentation Group.

  • mysqli_result::fetch_row

    mysqli_fetch_row

    Get a result row as an enumerated array

Description

Object oriented style (method):

mixed mysqli_result::fetch_row();

Procedural style:

mixed mysqli_fetch_row(mysqli_result result);

Fetches one row of data from the result set and returns it as an enumerated array, where each column is stored in an array offset starting from 0 (zero). Each subsequent call to this function will return the next row within the result set, or NULL if there are no more rows.

Parameters

result

Procedural style only: A result set identifier returned by mysqli_query, mysqli_store_result or mysqli_use_result.

Return Values

mysqli_fetch_row returns an array of strings that corresponds to the fetched row or NULL if there are no more rows in result set.

Note

This function sets NULL fields to the PHP NULL value.

Examples

Example 20.190. Object oriented style

<?php
$mysqli = new mysqli("localhost", "my_user", "my_password", "world");

/* check connection */
if (mysqli_connect_errno()) {
    printf("Connect failed: %s\n", mysqli_connect_error());
    exit();
}

$query = "SELECT Name, CountryCode FROM City ORDER by ID DESC LIMIT 50,5";

if ($result = $mysqli->query($query)) {

    /* fetch object array */
    while ($row = $result->fetch_row()) {
        printf ("%s (%s)\n", $row[0], $row[1]);
    }

    /* free result set */
    $result->close();
}

/* close connection */
$mysqli->close();
?>

  

Example 20.191. Procedural style

<?php
$link = mysqli_connect("localhost", "my_user", "my_password", "world");

/* check connection */
if (mysqli_connect_errno()) {
    printf("Connect failed: %s\n", mysqli_connect_error());
    exit();
}

$query = "SELECT Name, CountryCode FROM City ORDER by ID DESC LIMIT 50,5";

if ($result = mysqli_query($link, $query)) {

    /* fetch associative array */
    while ($row = mysqli_fetch_row($result)) {
        printf ("%s (%s)\n", $row[0], $row[1]);
    }

    /* free result set */
    mysqli_free_result($result);
}

/* close connection */
mysqli_close($link);
?>

   

The above example will output:



Pueblo (USA)
Arvada (USA)
Cape Coral (USA)
Green Bay (USA)
Santa Clara (USA)


      

See Also

mysqli_fetch_array
mysqli_fetch_assoc
mysqli_fetch_object
mysqli_query
mysqli_data_seek

20.9.2.9.11. mysqli_result->field_count, mysqli_num_fields

Copyright 1997-2008 the PHP Documentation Group.

  • mysqli_result->field_count

    mysqli_num_fields

    Get the number of fields in a result

Description

Object oriented style (property):

 mysqli_result {
  int field_count ;
}

Procedural style:

int mysqli_num_fields(mysqli_result result);

Returns the number of fields from specified result set.

Parameters

result

Procedural style only: A result set identifier returned by mysqli_query, mysqli_store_result or mysqli_use_result.

Return Values

The number of fields from a result set.

Examples

Example 20.192. Object oriented style

<?php
$mysqli = new mysqli("localhost", "my_user", "my_password", "world");

/* check connection */
if (mysqli_connect_errno()) {
    printf("Connect failed: %s\n", mysqli_connect_error());
    exit();
}

if ($result = $mysqli->query("SELECT * FROM City ORDER BY ID LIMIT 1")) {

    /* determine number of fields in result set */
    $field_cnt = $result->field_count;

    printf("Result set has %d fields.\n", $field_cnt);

    /* close result set */
    $result->close();
}

/* close connection */
$mysqli->close();
?>

  

Example 20.193. Procedural style

<?php
$link = mysqli_connect("localhost", "my_user", "my_password", "world");

/* check connection */
if (mysqli_connect_errno()) {
    printf("Connect failed: %s\n", mysqli_connect_error());
    exit();
}

if ($result = mysqli_query($link, "SELECT * FROM City ORDER BY ID LIMIT 1")) {

    /* determine number of fields in result set */
    $field_cnt = mysqli_num_fields($result);

    printf("Result set has %d fields.\n", $field_cnt);

    /* close result set */
    mysqli_free_result($result);
}

/* close connection */
mysqli_close($link);
?>

   

The above example will output:



Result set has 5 fields.


      

See Also

mysqli_fetch_field

20.9.2.9.12. mysqli_result::field_seek, mysqli_field_seek

Copyright 1997-2008 the PHP Documentation Group.

  • mysqli_result::field_seek

    mysqli_field_seek

    Set result pointer to a specified field offset

Description

Object oriented style (method):

bool mysqli_result::field_seek(int fieldnr);

Procedural style:

bool mysqli_field_seek(mysqli_result result,
                       int fieldnr);

Sets the field cursor to the given offset. The next call to mysqli_fetch_field will retrieve the field definition of the column associated with that offset.

Note

To seek to the beginning of a row, pass an offset value of zero.

Parameters

result

Procedural style only: A result set identifier returned by mysqli_query, mysqli_store_result or mysqli_use_result.

fieldnr

The field number. This value must be in the range from 0 to number of fields - 1.

Return Values

Returns TRUE on success or FALSE on failure.

Examples

Example 20.194. Object oriented style

<?php
$mysqli = new mysqli("localhost", "my_user", "my_password", "world");

/* check connection */
if (mysqli_connect_errno()) {
    printf("Connect failed: %s\n", mysqli_connect_error());
    exit();
}

$query = "SELECT Name, SurfaceArea from Country ORDER BY Code LIMIT 5";

if ($result = $mysqli->query($query)) {

    /* Get field information for 2nd column */
    $result->field_seek(1);
    $finfo = $result->fetch_field();

    printf("Name:     %s\n", $finfo->name);
    printf("Table:    %s\n", $finfo->table);
    printf("max. Len: %d\n", $finfo->max_length);
    printf("Flags:    %d\n", $finfo->flags);
    printf("Type:     %d\n\n", $finfo->type);

    $result->close();
}

/* close connection */
$mysqli->close();
?>

  

Example 20.195. Procedural style

<?php
$link = mysqli_connect("localhost", "my_user", "my_password", "world");

/* check connection */
if (mysqli_connect_errno()) {
    printf("Connect failed: %s\n", mysqli_connect_error());
    exit();
}

$query = "SELECT Name, SurfaceArea from Country ORDER BY Code LIMIT 5";

if ($result = mysqli_query($link, $query)) {

    /* Get field information for 2nd column */
    mysqli_field_seek($result, 1);
    $finfo = mysqli_fetch_field($result);

    printf("Name:     %s\n", $finfo->name);
    printf("Table:    %s\n", $finfo->table);
    printf("max. Len: %d\n", $finfo->max_length);
    printf("Flags:    %d\n", $finfo->flags);
    printf("Type:     %d\n\n", $finfo->type);

    mysqli_free_result($result);
}

/* close connection */
mysqli_close($link);
?>

   

The above example will output:



Name:     SurfaceArea
Table:    Country
max. Len: 10
Flags:    32769
Type:     4



      

See Also

mysqli_fetch_field

20.9.2.9.13. mysqli_result::free, mysqli_free_result

Copyright 1997-2008 the PHP Documentation Group.

  • mysqli_result::free

    mysqli_free_result

    Frees the memory associated with a result

Description

Object oriented style (all methods are equivalent):

void mysqli_result::free();
void mysqli_result::close();
void mysqli_result::free_result();

Procedural style:

void mysqli_free_result(mysqli_result result);

Frees the memory associated with the result.

Note

You should always free your result with mysqli_free_result, when your result object is not needed anymore.

Parameters

result

Procedural style only: A result set identifier returned by mysqli_query, mysqli_store_result or mysqli_use_result.

Return Values

No value is returned.

See Also

mysqli_query
mysqli_stmt_store_result
mysqli_store_result
mysqli_use_result

20.9.2.9.14. mysqli_result->lengths, mysqli_fetch_lengths

Copyright 1997-2008 the PHP Documentation Group.

  • mysqli_result->lengths

    mysqli_fetch_lengths

    Returns the lengths of the columns of the current row in the result set

Description

Object oriented style (property):

 mysqli_result {
  array lengths ;
}

Procedural style:

array mysqli_fetch_lengths(mysqli_result result);

The mysqli_fetch_lengths function returns an array containing the lengths of every column of the current row within the result set.

Parameters

result

Procedural style only: A result set identifier returned by mysqli_query, mysqli_store_result or mysqli_use_result.

Return Values

An array of integers representing the size of each column (not including any terminating null characters). FALSE if an error occurred.

mysqli_fetch_lengths is valid only for the current row of the result set. It returns FALSE if you call it before calling mysqli_fetch_row/array/object or after retrieving all rows in the result.

Examples

Example 20.196. Object oriented style

<?php
$mysqli = new mysqli("localhost", "my_user", "my_password", "world");

/* check connection */
if (mysqli_connect_errno()) {
    printf("Connect failed: %s\n", mysqli_connect_error());
    exit();
}

$query = "SELECT * from Country ORDER BY Code LIMIT 1";

if ($result = $mysqli->query($query)) {

    $row = $result->fetch_row();

    /* display column lengths */
    foreach ($result->lengths as $i => $val) {
        printf("Field %2d has Length %2d\n", $i+1, $val);
    }
    $result->close();
}

/* close connection */
$mysqli->close();
?>

  

Example 20.197. Procedural style

<?php
$link = mysqli_connect("localhost", "my_user", "my_password", "world");

/* check connection */
if (mysqli_connect_errno()) {
    printf("Connect failed: %s\n", mysqli_connect_error());
    exit();
}

$query = "SELECT * from Country ORDER BY Code LIMIT 1";

if ($result = mysqli_query($link, $query)) {

    $row = mysqli_fetch_row($result);

    /* display column lengths */
    foreach (mysqli_fetch_lengths($result) as $i => $val) {
        printf("Field %2d has Length %2d\n", $i+1, $val);
    }
    mysqli_free_result($result);
}

/* close connection */
mysqli_close($link);
?>

   

The above example will output:



Field  1 has Length  3
Field  2 has Length  5
Field  3 has Length 13
Field  4 has Length  9
Field  5 has Length  6
Field  6 has Length  1
Field  7 has Length  6
Field  8 has Length  4
Field  9 has Length  6
Field 10 has Length  6
Field 11 has Length  5
Field 12 has Length 44
Field 13 has Length  7
Field 14 has Length  3
Field 15 has Length  2


      
20.9.2.9.15. mysqli_result->num_rows, mysqli_num_rows

Copyright 1997-2008 the PHP Documentation Group.

  • mysqli_result->num_rows

    mysqli_num_rows

    Gets the number of rows in a result

Description

Object oriented style (property):

 mysqli_result {
  int num_rows ;
}

Procedural style:

int mysqli_num_rows(mysqli_result result);

Returns the number of rows in the result set.

The use of mysqli_num_rows depends on whether you use buffered or unbuffered result sets. In case you use unbuffered resultsets mysqli_num_rows will not return the correct number of rows until all the rows in the result have been retrieved.

Parameters

result

Procedural style only: A result set identifier returned by mysqli_query, mysqli_store_result or mysqli_use_result.

Return Values

Returns number of rows in the result set.

Note

If the number of rows is greater than maximal int value, the number will be returned as a string.

Examples

Example 20.198. Object oriented style

<?php
$mysqli = new mysqli("localhost", "my_user", "my_password", "world");

/* check connection */
if (mysqli_connect_errno()) {
    printf("Connect failed: %s\n", mysqli_connect_error());
    exit();
}

if ($result = $mysqli->query("SELECT Code, Name FROM Country ORDER BY Name")) {

    /* determine number of rows result set */
    $row_cnt = $result->num_rows;

    printf("Result set has %d rows.\n", $row_cnt);

    /* close result set */
    $result->close();
}

/* close connection */
$mysqli->close();
?>

   

Example 20.199. Procedural style

<?php
$link = mysqli_connect("localhost", "my_user", "my_password", "world");

/* check connection */
if (mysqli_connect_errno()) {
    printf("Connect failed: %s\n", mysqli_connect_error());
    exit();
}

if ($result = mysqli_query($link, "SELECT Code, Name FROM Country ORDER BY Name")) {

    /* determine number of rows result set */
    $row_cnt = mysqli_num_rows($result);

    printf("Result set has %d rows.\n", $row_cnt);

    /* close result set */
    mysqli_free_result($result);
}

/* close connection */
mysqli_close($link);
?>

   

The above example will output:



Result set has 239 rows.


      

See Also

mysqli_affected_rows
mysqli_store_result
mysqli_use_result
mysqli_query

20.9.2.10. The MySQLi_Driver class (MySQLi_Driver)

Copyright 1997-2008 the PHP Documentation Group.

MySQLi Driver.

 MySQLi_Driver {
MySQLi_Driver Properties  public readonly string client_info ;
  public readonly string client_version ;
  public readonly string driver_version ;
  public readonly string embedded ;
  public bool reconnect ;
  public int report_mode ;
Methods  void mysqli_driver::embedded_server_end();
  bool mysqli_driver::embedded_server_start(bool start,
                                            array arguments,
                                            array groups);

}
client_info

The Client API header version

client_version

The Client version

driver_version

The MySQLi Driver version

embedded

Wether MySQLi Embedded support is enabled

reconnect

Allow or prevent reconnect (see the mysqli.reconnect INI directive)

report_mode

Set to MYSQLI_REPORT_OFF , MYSQLI_REPORT_ALL or any combination of MYSQLI_REPORT_STRICT (throw Exceptions for errors), MYSQLI_REPORT_ERROR (report errors) and MYSQLI_REPORT_INDEX (errors regarding indexes).

20.9.2.10.1. mysqli_driver::embedded_server_end, mysqli_embedded_server_end

Copyright 1997-2008 the PHP Documentation Group.

  • mysqli_driver::embedded_server_end

    mysqli_embedded_server_end

    Stop embedded server

Description

void mysqli_driver::embedded_server_end();
void mysqli_embedded_server_end();

Warning

This function is currently not documented; only its argument list is available.

20.9.2.10.2. mysqli_driver::embedded_server_start, mysqli_embedded_server_start

Copyright 1997-2008 the PHP Documentation Group.

  • mysqli_driver::embedded_server_start

    mysqli_embedded_server_start

    Initialize and start embedded server

Description

bool mysqli_driver::embedded_server_start(bool start,
                                          array arguments,
                                          array groups);

bool mysqli_embedded_server_start(bool start,
                                  array arguments,
                                  array groups);

Warning

This function is currently not documented; only its argument list is available.

20.9.2.11. The MySQLi_Warning class (MySQLi_Warning)

Copyright 1997-2008 the PHP Documentation Group.

Represents a MySQL warning.

 mysqli_warning {
mysqli_warning Properties  public message ;
  public sqlstate ;
  public errno ;
Methods  __construct();
  public void next();
}
message

Message string

sqlstate

SQL state

errno

Error number

20.9.2.11.1. mysqli_warning::__construct

Copyright 1997-2008 the PHP Documentation Group.

  • mysqli_warning::__construct

    The __construct purpose

Description

mysqli_warning::__construct();

Warning

This function is currently not documented; only its argument list is available.

Parameters

This function has no parameters.

Return Values

20.9.2.11.2. mysqli_warning::next

Copyright 1997-2008 the PHP Documentation Group.

  • mysqli_warning::next

    The next purpose

Description

public void mysqli_warning::next();

Warning

This function is currently not documented; only its argument list is available.

Parameters

This function has no parameters.

Return Values

20.9.2.12. Aliases and deprecated Mysqli Functions

Copyright 1997-2008 the PHP Documentation Group.

20.9.2.12.1. mysqli_bind_param

Copyright 1997-2008 the PHP Documentation Group.

  • mysqli_bind_param

    Alias for mysqli_stmt_bind_param

Description

This function is an alias of mysqli_stmt_bind_param.

Notes

Note

mysqli_bind_param is deprecated and will be removed.

See Also

mysqli_stmt_bind_param

20.9.2.12.2. mysqli_bind_result

Copyright 1997-2008 the PHP Documentation Group.

  • mysqli_bind_result

    Alias for mysqli_stmt_bind_result

Description

This function is an alias of mysqli_stmt_bind_result.

Notes

Note

mysqli_bind_result is deprecated and will be removed.

See Also

mysqli_stmt_bind_result

20.9.2.12.3. mysqli_client_encoding

Copyright 1997-2008 the PHP Documentation Group.

  • mysqli_client_encoding

    Alias of mysqli_character_set_name

Description

This function is an alias of mysqli_character_set_name.

See Also

mysqli_real_escape_string

20.9.2.12.4. mysqli_disable_reads_from_master, mysqli->disable_reads_from_master

Copyright 1997-2008 the PHP Documentation Group.

  • mysqli_disable_reads_from_master

    mysqli->disable_reads_from_master

    Disable reads from master

Description

Procedural style:

bool mysqli_disable_reads_from_master(mysqli link);

Object oriented style (method):

 mysqli {
  void disable_reads_from_master();
}

Warning

This function is currently not documented; only its argument list is available.

Warning

This function has been DEPRECATED and REMOVED as of PHP 5.3.0.

20.9.2.12.5. mysqli_disable_rpl_parse

Copyright 1997-2008 the PHP Documentation Group.

  • mysqli_disable_rpl_parse

    Disable RPL parse

Description

bool mysqli_disable_rpl_parse(mysqli link);

Warning

This function is currently not documented; only its argument list is available.

Warning

This function has been DEPRECATED and REMOVED as of PHP 5.3.0.

20.9.2.12.6. mysqli_enable_reads_from_master

Copyright 1997-2008 the PHP Documentation Group.

  • mysqli_enable_reads_from_master

    Enable reads from master

Description

bool mysqli_enable_reads_from_master(mysqli link);

Warning

This function is currently not documented; only its argument list is available.

Warning

This function has been DEPRECATED and REMOVED as of PHP 5.3.0.

20.9.2.12.7. mysqli_enable_rpl_parse

Copyright 1997-2008 the PHP Documentation Group.

  • mysqli_enable_rpl_parse

    Enable RPL parse

Description

bool mysqli_enable_rpl_parse(mysqli link);

Warning

This function is currently not documented; only its argument list is available.

Warning

This function has been DEPRECATED and REMOVED as of PHP 5.3.0.

20.9.2.12.8. mysqli_escape_string

Copyright 1997-2008 the PHP Documentation Group.

  • mysqli_escape_string

    Alias of mysqli_real_escape_string

Description

This function is an alias of mysqli_real_escape_string.

See Also

mysqli_real_escape_string

20.9.2.12.9. mysqli_execute

Copyright 1997-2008 the PHP Documentation Group.

  • mysqli_execute

    Alias for mysqli_stmt_execute

Description

This function is an alias of mysqli_stmt_execute.

Notes

Note

mysqli_execute is deprecated and will be removed.

See Also

mysqli_stmt_execute

20.9.2.12.10. mysqli_fetch

Copyright 1997-2008 the PHP Documentation Group.

  • mysqli_fetch

    Alias for mysqli_stmt_fetch

Description

This function is an alias of mysqli_stmt_fetch.

Notes

Note

mysqli_fetch is deprecated and will be removed.

See Also

mysqli_stmt_fetch

20.9.2.12.11. mysqli_get_cache_stats

Copyright 1997-2008 the PHP Documentation Group.

  • mysqli_get_cache_stats

    Returns client Zval cache statistics

Description

array mysqli_get_cache_stats();

Warning

This function is currently not documented; only its argument list is available.

Returns client Zval cache statistics. Available only with mysqlnd.

Parameters

Return Values

Returns an array with client Zval cache stats if success, FALSE otherwise.

Examples

Example 20.200. A mysqli_get_cache_stats example

<?php
$link = mysqli_connect();
print_r(mysqli_get_cache_stats());
?>

    

The above example will output something similar to:



Array
(
    [bytes_sent] => 43
    [bytes_received] => 80
    [packets_sent] => 1
    [packets_received] => 2
    [protocol_overhead_in] => 8
    [protocol_overhead_out] => 4
    [bytes_received_ok_packet] => 11
    [bytes_received_eof_packet] => 0
    [bytes_received_rset_header_packet] => 0
    [bytes_received_rset_field_meta_packet] => 0
    [bytes_received_rset_row_packet] => 0
    [bytes_received_prepare_response_packet] => 0
    [bytes_received_change_user_packet] => 0
    [packets_sent_command] => 0
    [packets_received_ok] => 1
    [packets_received_eof] => 0
    [packets_received_rset_header] => 0
    [packets_received_rset_field_meta] => 0
    [packets_received_rset_row] => 0
    [packets_received_prepare_response] => 0
    [packets_received_change_user] => 0
    [result_set_queries] => 0
    [non_result_set_queries] => 0
    [no_index_used] => 0
    [bad_index_used] => 0
    [slow_queries] => 0
    [buffered_sets] => 0
    [unbuffered_sets] => 0
    [ps_buffered_sets] => 0
    [ps_unbuffered_sets] => 0
    [flushed_normal_sets] => 0
    [flushed_ps_sets] => 0
    [ps_prepared_never_executed] => 0
    [ps_prepared_once_executed] => 0
    [rows_fetched_from_server_normal] => 0
    [rows_fetched_from_server_ps] => 0
    [rows_buffered_from_client_normal] => 0
    [rows_buffered_from_client_ps] => 0
    [rows_fetched_from_client_normal_buffered] => 0
    [rows_fetched_from_client_normal_unbuffered] => 0
    [rows_fetched_from_client_ps_buffered] => 0
    [rows_fetched_from_client_ps_unbuffered] => 0
    [rows_fetched_from_client_ps_cursor] => 0
    [rows_skipped_normal] => 0
    [rows_skipped_ps] => 0
    [copy_on_write_saved] => 0
    [copy_on_write_performed] => 0
    [command_buffer_too_small] => 0
    [connect_success] => 1
    [connect_failure] => 0
    [connection_reused] => 0
    [reconnect] => 0
    [pconnect_success] => 0
    [active_connections] => 1
    [active_persistent_connections] => 0
    [explicit_close] => 0
    [implicit_close] => 0
    [disconnect_close] => 0
    [in_middle_of_command_close] => 0
    [explicit_free_result] => 0
    [implicit_free_result] => 0
    [explicit_stmt_close] => 0
    [implicit_stmt_close] => 0
    [mem_emalloc_count] => 0
    [mem_emalloc_ammount] => 0
    [mem_ecalloc_count] => 0
    [mem_ecalloc_ammount] => 0
    [mem_erealloc_count] => 0
    [mem_erealloc_ammount] => 0
    [mem_efree_count] => 0
    [mem_malloc_count] => 0
    [mem_malloc_ammount] => 0
    [mem_calloc_count] => 0
    [mem_calloc_ammount] => 0
    [mem_realloc_count] => 0
    [mem_realloc_ammount] => 0
    [mem_free_count] => 0
    [proto_text_fetched_null] => 0
    [proto_text_fetched_bit] => 0
    [proto_text_fetched_tinyint] => 0
    [proto_text_fetched_short] => 0
    [proto_text_fetched_int24] => 0
    [proto_text_fetched_int] => 0
    [proto_text_fetched_bigint] => 0
    [proto_text_fetched_decimal] => 0
    [proto_text_fetched_float] => 0
    [proto_text_fetched_double] => 0
    [proto_text_fetched_date] => 0
    [proto_text_fetched_year] => 0
    [proto_text_fetched_time] => 0
    [proto_text_fetched_datetime] => 0
    [proto_text_fetched_timestamp] => 0
    [proto_text_fetched_string] => 0
    [proto_text_fetched_blob] => 0
    [proto_text_fetched_enum] => 0
    [proto_text_fetched_set] => 0
    [proto_text_fetched_geometry] => 0
    [proto_text_fetched_other] => 0
    [proto_binary_fetched_null] => 0
    [proto_binary_fetched_bit] => 0
    [proto_binary_fetched_tinyint] => 0
    [proto_binary_fetched_short] => 0
    [proto_binary_fetched_int24] => 0
    [proto_binary_fetched_int] => 0
    [proto_binary_fetched_bigint] => 0
    [proto_binary_fetched_decimal] => 0
    [proto_binary_fetched_float] => 0
    [proto_binary_fetched_double] => 0
    [proto_binary_fetched_date] => 0
    [proto_binary_fetched_year] => 0
    [proto_binary_fetched_time] => 0
    [proto_binary_fetched_datetime] => 0
    [proto_binary_fetched_timestamp] => 0
    [proto_binary_fetched_string] => 0
    [proto_binary_fetched_blob] => 0
    [proto_binary_fetched_enum] => 0
    [proto_binary_fetched_set] => 0
    [proto_binary_fetched_geometry] => 0
    [proto_binary_fetched_other] => 0
)


          

20.9.2.12.12. mysqli_get_client_stats

Copyright 1997-2008 the PHP Documentation Group.

  • mysqli_get_client_stats

    Returns client per-process statistics

Description

array mysqli_get_client_stats();

Warning

This function is currently not documented; only its argument list is available.

Returns client per-process statistics. Available only with mysqlnd.

Parameters

Return Values

Returns an array with client stats if success, FALSE otherwise.

Examples

Example 20.201. A mysqli_get_client_stats example

<?php
$link = mysqli_connect();
print_r(mysqli_get_client_stats());
?>

    

The above example will output something similar to:



Array
(
    [bytes_sent] => 43
    [bytes_received] => 80
    [packets_sent] => 1
    [packets_received] => 2
    [protocol_overhead_in] => 8
    [protocol_overhead_out] => 4
    [bytes_received_ok_packet] => 11
    [bytes_received_eof_packet] => 0
    [bytes_received_rset_header_packet] => 0
    [bytes_received_rset_field_meta_packet] => 0
    [bytes_received_rset_row_packet] => 0
    [bytes_received_prepare_response_packet] => 0
    [bytes_received_change_user_packet] => 0
    [packets_sent_command] => 0
    [packets_received_ok] => 1
    [packets_received_eof] => 0
    [packets_received_rset_header] => 0
    [packets_received_rset_field_meta] => 0
    [packets_received_rset_row] => 0
    [packets_received_prepare_response] => 0
    [packets_received_change_user] => 0
    [result_set_queries] => 0
    [non_result_set_queries] => 0
    [no_index_used] => 0
    [bad_index_used] => 0
    [slow_queries] => 0
    [buffered_sets] => 0
    [unbuffered_sets] => 0
    [ps_buffered_sets] => 0
    [ps_unbuffered_sets] => 0
    [flushed_normal_sets] => 0
    [flushed_ps_sets] => 0
    [ps_prepared_never_executed] => 0
    [ps_prepared_once_executed] => 0
    [rows_fetched_from_server_normal] => 0
    [rows_fetched_from_server_ps] => 0
    [rows_buffered_from_client_normal] => 0
    [rows_buffered_from_client_ps] => 0
    [rows_fetched_from_client_normal_buffered] => 0
    [rows_fetched_from_client_normal_unbuffered] => 0
    [rows_fetched_from_client_ps_buffered] => 0
    [rows_fetched_from_client_ps_unbuffered] => 0
    [rows_fetched_from_client_ps_cursor] => 0
    [rows_skipped_normal] => 0
    [rows_skipped_ps] => 0
    [copy_on_write_saved] => 0
    [copy_on_write_performed] => 0
    [command_buffer_too_small] => 0
    [connect_success] => 1
    [connect_failure] => 0
    [connection_reused] => 0
    [reconnect] => 0
    [pconnect_success] => 0
    [active_connections] => 1
    [active_persistent_connections] => 0
    [explicit_close] => 0
    [implicit_close] => 0
    [disconnect_close] => 0
    [in_middle_of_command_close] => 0
    [explicit_free_result] => 0
    [implicit_free_result] => 0
    [explicit_stmt_close] => 0
    [implicit_stmt_close] => 0
    [mem_emalloc_count] => 0
    [mem_emalloc_ammount] => 0
    [mem_ecalloc_count] => 0
    [mem_ecalloc_ammount] => 0
    [mem_erealloc_count] => 0
    [mem_erealloc_ammount] => 0
    [mem_efree_count] => 0
    [mem_malloc_count] => 0
    [mem_malloc_ammount] => 0
    [mem_calloc_count] => 0
    [mem_calloc_ammount] => 0
    [mem_realloc_count] => 0
    [mem_realloc_ammount] => 0
    [mem_free_count] => 0
    [proto_text_fetched_null] => 0
    [proto_text_fetched_bit] => 0
    [proto_text_fetched_tinyint] => 0
    [proto_text_fetched_short] => 0
    [proto_text_fetched_int24] => 0
    [proto_text_fetched_int] => 0
    [proto_text_fetched_bigint] => 0
    [proto_text_fetched_decimal] => 0
    [proto_text_fetched_float] => 0
    [proto_text_fetched_double] => 0
    [proto_text_fetched_date] => 0
    [proto_text_fetched_year] => 0
    [proto_text_fetched_time] => 0
    [proto_text_fetched_datetime] => 0
    [proto_text_fetched_timestamp] => 0
    [proto_text_fetched_string] => 0
    [proto_text_fetched_blob] => 0
    [proto_text_fetched_enum] => 0
    [proto_text_fetched_set] => 0
    [proto_text_fetched_geometry] => 0
    [proto_text_fetched_other] => 0
    [proto_binary_fetched_null] => 0
    [proto_binary_fetched_bit] => 0
    [proto_binary_fetched_tinyint] => 0
    [proto_binary_fetched_short] => 0
    [proto_binary_fetched_int24] => 0
    [proto_binary_fetched_int] => 0
    [proto_binary_fetched_bigint] => 0
    [proto_binary_fetched_decimal] => 0
    [proto_binary_fetched_float] => 0
    [proto_binary_fetched_double] => 0
    [proto_binary_fetched_date] => 0
    [proto_binary_fetched_year] => 0
    [proto_binary_fetched_time] => 0
    [proto_binary_fetched_datetime] => 0
    [proto_binary_fetched_timestamp] => 0
    [proto_binary_fetched_string] => 0
    [proto_binary_fetched_blob] => 0
    [proto_binary_fetched_enum] => 0
    [proto_binary_fetched_set] => 0
    [proto_binary_fetched_geometry] => 0
    [proto_binary_fetched_other] => 0
)


          

20.9.2.12.13. mysqli_get_metadata

Copyright 1997-2008 the PHP Documentation Group.

  • mysqli_get_metadata

    Alias for mysqli_stmt_result_metadata

Description

This function is an alias of mysqli_stmt_result_metadata.

Notes

Note

mysqli_get_metadata is deprecated and will be removed.

See Also

mysqli_stmt_result_metadata

20.9.2.12.14. mysqli_master_query

Copyright 1997-2008 the PHP Documentation Group.

  • mysqli_master_query

    Enforce execution of a query on the master in a master/slave setup

Description

bool mysqli_master_query(mysqli link,
                         string query);

Warning

This function is currently not documented; only its argument list is available.

Warning

This function has been DEPRECATED and REMOVED as of PHP 5.3.0.

20.9.2.12.15. mysqli_param_count

Copyright 1997-2008 the PHP Documentation Group.

  • mysqli_param_count

    Alias for mysqli_stmt_param_count

Description

This function is an alias of mysqli_stmt_param_count.

Notes

Note

mysqli_param_count is deprecated and will be removed.

See Also

mysqli_stmt_param_count

20.9.2.12.16. mysqli_report

Copyright 1997-2008 the PHP Documentation Group.

  • mysqli_report

    Enables or disables internal report functions

Description

bool mysqli_report(int flags);

mysqli_report is a powerful function to improve your queries and code during development and testing phase. Depending on the flags it reports errors from mysqli function calls or queries which don't use an index (or use a bad index).

Parameters

flags

Table 20.17. Supported flags

NameDescription
MYSQLI_REPORT_OFFTurns reporting off
MYSQLI_REPORT_ERRORReport errors from mysqli function calls
MYSQLI_REPORT_STRICTReport warnings from mysqli function calls
MYSQLI_REPORT_INDEXReport if no index or bad index was used in a query
MYSQLI_REPORT_ALLSet all options (report all)

Return Values

Returns TRUE on success or FALSE on failure.

Examples

Example 20.202. Object oriented style

<?php
/* activate reporting */
mysqli_report(MYSQLI_REPORT_ALL);

$mysqli = new mysqli("localhost", "my_user", "my_password", "world");

/* check connection */
if (mysqli_connect_errno()) {
    printf("Connect failed: %s\n", mysqli_connect_error());
    exit();
}

/* this query should report an error */
$result = $mysqli->query("SELECT Name FROM Nonexistingtable WHERE population > 50000");

/* this query should report a warning */
$result = $mysqli->query("SELECT Name FROM City WHERE population > 50000");
$result->close();

$mysqli->close();
?>

    

See Also

mysqli_debug
mysqli_dump_debug_info

20.9.2.12.17. mysqli_rpl_parse_enabled

Copyright 1997-2008 the PHP Documentation Group.

  • mysqli_rpl_parse_enabled

    Check if RPL parse is enabled

Description

int mysqli_rpl_parse_enabled(mysqli link);

Warning

This function is currently not documented; only its argument list is available.

Warning

This function has been DEPRECATED and REMOVED as of PHP 5.3.0.

20.9.2.12.18. mysqli_rpl_probe

Copyright 1997-2008 the PHP Documentation Group.

  • mysqli_rpl_probe

    RPL probe

Description

bool mysqli_rpl_probe(mysqli link);

Warning

This function is currently not documented; only its argument list is available.

Warning

This function has been DEPRECATED and REMOVED as of PHP 5.3.0.

20.9.2.12.19. mysqli_rpl_query_type, mysqli->rpl_query_type

Copyright 1997-2008 the PHP Documentation Group.

  • mysqli_rpl_query_type

    mysqli->rpl_query_type

    Returns RPL query type

Description

Procedural style:

int mysqli_rpl_query_type(mysqli link,
                          string query);

Object oriented style (method)

 mysqli {
  int rpl_query_type(string query);
}

Returns MYSQLI_RPL_MASTER , MYSQLI_RPL_SLAVE or MYSQLI_RPL_ADMIN depending on a query type. INSERT, UPDATE and similar are master queries, SELECT is slave, and FLUSH, REPAIR and similar are admin.

Warning

This function is currently not documented; only its argument list is available.

Warning

This function has been DEPRECATED and REMOVED as of PHP 5.3.0.

20.9.2.12.20. mysqli_send_long_data

Copyright 1997-2008 the PHP Documentation Group.

  • mysqli_send_long_data

    Alias for mysqli_stmt_send_long_data

Description

This function is an alias of mysqli_stmt_send_long_data.

Notes

Note

mysqli_send_long_data is deprecated and will be removed.

See Also

mysqli_stmt_send_long_data

20.9.2.12.21. mysqli_send_query, mysqli->send_query

Copyright 1997-2008 the PHP Documentation Group.

  • mysqli_send_query

    mysqli->send_query

    Send the query and return

Description

Procedural style:

bool mysqli_send_query(mysqli link,
                       string query);

Object oriented style (method)

 mysqli {
  bool send_query(string query);
}

Warning

This function is currently not documented; only its argument list is available.

Warning

This function has been DEPRECATED and REMOVED as of PHP 5.3.0.

20.9.2.12.22. mysqli_set_opt

Copyright 1997-2008 the PHP Documentation Group.

Description

This function is an alias of mysqli_options.

20.9.2.12.23. mysqli_slave_query

Copyright 1997-2008 the PHP Documentation Group.

  • mysqli_slave_query

    Force execution of a query on a slave in a master/slave setup

Description

bool mysqli_slave_query(mysqli link,
                        string query);

Warning

This function is currently not documented; only its argument list is available.

Warning

This function has been DEPRECATED and REMOVED as of PHP 5.3.0.

20.9.3. MySQL Native Driver (Mysqlnd)

Copyright 1997-2008 the PHP Documentation Group.

This section of the manual provides an overview of the MySQL Native Driver.

20.9.3.1. Overview

Copyright 1997-2008 the PHP Documentation Group.

MySQL Native Driver is a replacement for the MySQL Client Library (libmysql). MySQL Native Driver is part of the official PHP 5.3 and PHP 6 branches.

The MySQL database extensions MySQL extension, mysqli and PDO MYSQL all communicate with the MySQL server. In the past, this was done by the extension using the services provided by the MySQL Client Library. The extensions were compiled against the MySQL Client Library in order to use its client-server protocol.

With MySQL Native Driver there is now an alternative, as the MySQL database extensions can be compiled to use MySQL Native Driver instead of the MySQL Client Library.

MySQL Native Driver is written in C as a PHP extension.

What it is not

Although MySQL Native Driver is written as a PHP extension, it is important to note that it does not provide a new API to the PHP programmer. The programmer APIs for MySQL database connectivity are provided by the MySQL extension, mysqli and PDO MYSQL. These extensions can now use the services of MySQL Native Driver to communicate with the MySQL Server. Therefore, you should not think of MySQL Native Driver as an API.

Why use it?

Using the MySQL Native Driver offers a number of advantages over using the MySQL Client Library.

The older MySQL Client Library was written by MySQL AB (now Sun Microsystems, Inc.) and so was released under the MySQL license. This ultimately led to MySQL support being disabled by default in PHP. However, the MySQL Native Driver has been developed as part of the PHP project, and is therefore released under the PHP license. This removes licensing issues that have been problematic in the past.

Also, in the past, you needed to build the MySQL database extensions against a copy of the MySQL Client Library. This typically meant you needed to have MySQL installed on a machine where you were building the PHP source code. Also, when your PHP application was running, the MySQL database extensions would call down to the MySQL Client library file at run time, so the file needed to be installed on your system. With MySQL Native Driver that is no longer the case as it is included as part of the standard distribution. So you do not need MySQL installed in order to build PHP or run PHP database applications.

Because MySQL Native Driver is written as a PHP extension, it is tightly coupled to the workings of PHP. This leads to gains in efficiency, especially when it comes to memory usage, as the driver uses the PHP memory management system. It also supports the PHP memory limit. Using MySQL Native Driver leads to comparable or better performance than using MySQL Client Library, it always ensures the most efficient use of memory. One example of the memory efficiency is the fact that when using the MySQL Client Library, each row is stored in memory twice, whereas with the MySQL Native Driver each row is only stored once in memory.

Special features

MySQL Native Driver also provides some special features not available when the MySQL database extensions use MySQL Client Library. These special features are listed below:

  • Improved persistent connections

  • The special function mysqli_fetch_all

  • Performance statistics calls: mysqli_get_cache_stats, mysqli_get_client_stats, mysqli_get_connection_stats

The performance statistics facility can prove to be very useful in identifying performance bottlenecks.

MySQL Native Driver also allows for persistent connections when used with the mysqli extension.

SSL Support

Currently, MySQL Native Driver does not support SSL. This means that mysqli_ssl_set will generate an error if called while using MySQL Native Driver.

Compressed Protocol Support

As of PHP 5.3.2 MySQL Native Driver supports the compressed client server protocol. MySQL Native Driver did not support this in 5.3.0 and 5.3.1. Extensions such as ext/mysql, ext/mysqli, PDO_MYSQL, that are configured to use MySQL Native Driver, can also take advantage of this feature.

20.9.3.2. Installation

Copyright 1997-2008 the PHP Documentation Group.

Installation on Unix

By default the MySQL database extensions are configured to use MySQL Client Library. In order to use the MySQL Native Driver, PHP needs to be built specifying that the MySQL database extensions are compiled with MySQL Native Driver support. This is done through configuration options prior to building the PHP source code.

For example, to build the MySQL extension, mysqli and PDO MYSQL using the MySQL Native Driver, the following command would be given:

Installation on Windows

In the official PHP distributions from 5.3 onwards, MySQL Native Driver is enabled by default, so no additional configuration is required to use it. All MySQL database extensions will use MySQL Native Driver in this case.

20.9.3.3. Configuration

Copyright 1997-2008 the PHP Documentation Group.

Configuration File (php.ini) Settings

In PHP 5.3 the following php.ini settings are available for the MySQL Native Driver:

mysqlnd.collect_statistics

type:boolean, default:"1", changeable:PHP_INI_SYSTEM

Available since 5.3.0

Enables the collection of various client statistics which can be accessed through mysqli_get_client_stats(), mysqli_get_connection_stats(), mysqli_get_cache_stats() and are shown in mysqlnd section of the output of the phpinfo() function as well.

When enabled the following statistics will be collected:

bytes_sent, bytes_received, packets_sent, packets_received, protocol_overhead_in, protocol_overhead_out, bytes_received_ok_packet, bytes_received_eof_packet, bytes_received_rset_header_packet, bytes_received_rset_field_meta_packet, bytes_received_rset_row_packet, bytes_received_prepare_response_packet, bytes_received_change_user_packet, packets_sent_command, packets_received_ok, packets_received_eof, packets_received_rset_header, packets_received_rset_field_meta, packets_received_rset_row, packets_received_prepare_response, packets_received_change_user, result_set_queries, non_result_set_queries, no_index_used, bad_index_used, slow_queries, buffered_sets, unbuffered_sets, ps_buffered_sets, ps_unbuffered_sets, flushed_normal_sets, flushed_ps_sets, ps_prepared_never_executed, ps_prepared_once_executed, rows_fetched_from_server_normal, rows_fetched_from_server_ps, rows_buffered_from_client_normal, rows_buffered_from_client_ps, rows_fetched_from_client_normal_buffered, rows_fetched_from_client_normal_unbuffered, rows_fetched_from_client_ps_buffered, rows_fetched_from_client_ps_unbuffered, rows_fetched_from_client_ps_cursor, rows_skipped_normal, rows_skipped_ps, copy_on_write_saved, copy_on_write_performed, command_buffer_too_small, connect_success, connect_failure

mysqlnd.collect_memory_statistics

type:boolean, default:"0", changeable:PHP_INI_SYSTEM

Available since 5.3.0

Enable the collection of various memory statistics which can be accessed through mysqli_get_client_stats(), mysqli_get_connection_stats(), mysqli_get_cache_stats() and are shown in mysqlnd section of the output of the phpinfo() function as well.

When enabled the following statistics will be collected:

TBD

20.9.3.4. Persistent Connections

Copyright 1997-2008 the PHP Documentation Group.

Using Persistent Connections

The MySQL database extensions do not support persistent connections when used with the MySQL Client Library. However, they do when using MySQL Native Driver. When creating a connection the hostname is prepended with “p:”. This is demonstrated by the following code snippet, which creates a new connection using mysqli:

20.9.3.5. Statistics

Copyright 1997-2008 the PHP Documentation Group.

Using Statistical Data

MySQL Native Driver contains support for gathering statistics on the communication between the client and the server. The statistics gathered are of three main types:

  • Client statistics

  • Connection statistics

  • Zval cache statistics

If you are using the mysqli extension, these statistics can be obtained through three API calls:

  • mysqli_get_client_stats

  • mysqli_get_connection_stats

  • mysqli_get_cache_stats

Note

Statistics are aggregated among all extensions that use MySQL Native Driver. For example, when compiling both ext/mysql and ext/mysqli against MySQL Native Driver, both function calls of ext/mysql and ext/mysqli will change the statistics. There is no way to find out how much a certain API call of any extension that has been compiled against MySQL Native Driver has impacted a certain statistic. You can configure the PDO MySQL Driver, ext/mysql and ext/mysqli to optionally use the MySQL Native Driver. When doing so, all three extensions will change the statistics.

Accessing Client Statistics

To access client statistics, you need to call mysqli_get_client_stats. The function call does not require any parameters.

The function returns an associative array that contains the name of the statistic as the key and the statistical data as the value.

Client statistics can also be accessed by calling the phpinfo function.

Accessing Connection Statistics

To access connection statistics call mysqli_get_connection_stats. This takes the database connection handle as the parameter.

The function returns an associative array that contains the name of the statistic as the key and the statistical data as the value.

Accessing Zval Cache Statistics

The MySQL Native Driver also collects statistics from its internal Zval cache. These statistics can be accessed by calling mysqli_get_cache_stats.

The Zval cache statistics obtained may lead to a tweaking of php.ini settings related to the Zval cache, resulting in better performance.

Buffered and Unbuffered Result Sets

Result sets can be buffered or unbuffered. Using default settings, ext/mysql and ext/mysqli work with buffered result sets for normal (non prepared statement) queries. Buffered result sets are cached on the client. After the query execution all results are fetched from the MySQL Server and stored in a cache on the client. The big advantage of buffered result sets is that they allow the server to free all resources allocated to a result set, once the results have been fetched by the client.

Unbuffered result sets on the other hand are kept much longer on the server. If you want to reduce memory consumption on the client, but increase load on the server, use unbuffered results. If you experience a high server load and the figures for unbuffered result sets are high, you should consider moving the load to the clients. Clients typically scale better than servers. “Load” does not only refer to memory buffers - the server also needs to keep other resources open, for example file handles and threads, before a result set can be freed.

Prepared Statements use unbuffered result sets by default. However, you can use mysqli_stmt_store_result to enable buffered result sets.

Statistics returned by MySQL Native Driver

The following tables show a list of statistics returned by the mysqli_get_client_stats, mysqli_get_connection_stats and mysqli_get_cache_stats functions.

Network

StatisticScopeDescriptionNotes
bytes_sentConnectionNumber of bytes sent from PHP to the MySQL serverCan be used to check the efficiency of the compression protocol
bytes_receivedConnectionNumber of bytes received from MySQL serverCan be used to check the efficiency of the compression protocol
packets_sentConnectionNumber of MySQL Client Server protocol packets sentUsed for debugging Client Server protocol implementation
packets_receivedConnectionNumber of MySQL Client Server protocol packets receivedUsed for debugging Client Server protocol implementation
protocol_overhead_inConnectionMySQL Client Server protocol overhead in bytes for incoming traffic. Currently only the Packet Header (4 bytes) is considered as overhead. protocol_overhead_in = packets_received * 4Used for debugging Client Server protocol implementation
protocol_overhead_outConnectionMySQL Client Server protocol overhead in bytes for outgoing traffic. Currently only the Packet Header (4 bytes) is considered as overhead. protocol_overhead_out = packets_sent * 4Used for debugging Client Server protocol implementation
bytes_received_ok_packetConnectionTotal size of bytes of MySQL Client Server protocol OK packets received. OK packets can contain a status message. The length of the status message can vary and thus the size of an OK packet is not fixed.Used for debugging CS protocol implementation. Note that the total size in bytes includes the size of the header packet (4 bytes, see protocol overhead).
packets_received_okConnectionNumber of MySQL Client Server protocol OK packets received.Used for debugging CS protocol implementation. Note that the total size in bytes includes the size of the header packet (4 bytes, see protocol overhead).
bytes_received_eof_packetConnectionTotal size in bytes of MySQL Client Server protocol EOF packets received. EOF can vary in size depending on the server version. Also, EOF can transport an error message.Used for debugging CS protocol implementation. Note that the total size in bytes includes the size of the header packet (4 bytes, see protocol overhead).
packets_received_eofConnectionNumber of MySQL Client Server protocol EOF packets. Like with other packet statistics the number of packets will be increased even if PHP does not receive the expected packet but, for example, an error message.Used for debugging CS protocol implementation. Note that the total size in bytes includes the size of the header packet (4 bytes, see protocol overhead).
bytes_received_rset_header_packetConnectionTotal size in bytes of MySQL Client Server protocol result set header packets. The size of the packets varies depending on the payload (LOAD LOCAL INFILE, INSERT, UPDATE, SELECT, error message).Used for debugging CS protocol implementation. Note that the total size in bytes includes the size of the header packet (4 bytes, see protocol overhead).
packets_received_rset_headerConnectionNumber of MySQL Client Server protocol result set header packets.Used for debugging CS protocol implementation. Note that the total size in bytes includes the size of the header packet (4 bytes, see protocol overhead).
bytes_received_rset_field_meta_packetConnectionTotal size in bytes of MySQL Client Server protocol result set meta data (field information) packets. Of course the size varies with the fields in the result set. The packet may also transport an error or an EOF packet in case of COM_LIST_FIELDS.Only useful for debugging CS protocol implementation. Note that the total size in bytes includes the size of the header packet (4 bytes, see protocol overhead).
packets_received_rset_field_metaConnectionNumber of MySQL Client Server protocol result set meta data (field information) packets.Only useful for debugging CS protocol implementation. Note that the total size in bytes includes the size of the header packet (4 bytes, see protocol overhead).
bytes_received_rset_row_packetConnectionTotal size in bytes of MySQL Client Server protocol result set row data packets. The packet may also transport an error or an EOF packet. You can reverse engineer the number of error and EOF packets by substracting rows_fetched_from_server_normal and rows_fetched_from_server_ps from bytes_received_rset_row_packet.Only useful for debugging CS protocol implementation. Note that the total size in bytes includes the size of the header packet (4 bytes, see protocol overhead).
packets_received_rset_rowConnectionNumber of MySQL Client Server protocol result set row data packets and their total size in bytes.Only useful for debugging CS protocol implementation. Note that the total size in bytes includes the size of the header packet (4 bytes, see protocol overhead).
bytes_received_prepare_response_packetConnectionTotal size in bytes of MySQL Client Server protocol OK for Prepared Statement Initialization packets (prepared statement init packets). The packet may also transport an error. The packet size depends on the MySQL version: 9 bytes with MySQL 4.1 and 12 bytes from MySQL 5.0 on. There is no safe way to know how many errors happened. You may be able to guess that an error has occured if, for example, you always connect to MySQL 5.0 or newer and, bytes_received_prepare_response_packet != packets_received_prepare_response * 12. See also ps_prepared_never_executed, ps_prepared_once_executed.Only useful for debugging CS protocol implementation. Note that the total size in bytes includes the size of the header packet (4 bytes, see protocol overhead).
packets_received_prepare_responseConnectionNumber of MySQL Client Server protocol OK for Prepared Statement Initialization packets (prepared statement init packets).Only useful for debugging CS protocol implementation. Note that the total size in bytes includes the size of the header packet (4 bytes, see protocol overhead).
bytes_received_change_user_packetConnectionTotal size in bytes of MySQL Client Server protocol COM_CHANGE_USER packets. The packet may also transport an error or EOF.Only useful for debugging CS protocol implementation. Note that the total size in bytes includes the size of the header packet (4 bytes, see protocol overhead).
packets_received_change_userConnectionNumber of MySQL Client Server protocol COM_CHANGE_USER packetsOnly useful for debugging CS protocol implementation. Note that the total size in bytes includes the size of the header packet (4 bytes, see protocol overhead).
packets_sent_commandConnectionNumber of MySQL Client Server protocol commands sent from PHP to MySQL. There is no way to know which specific commands and how many of them have been sent. At its best you can use it to check if PHP has sent any commands to MySQL to know if you can consider to disable MySQL support in your PHP binary. There is also no way to reverse engineer the number of errors that may have occured while sending data to MySQL. The only error recoded is command_buffer_too_small (see below).Only useful for debugging CS protocol implementation.

Result Set

StatisticScopeDescriptionNotes
result_set_queriesConnectionNumber of queries that have generated a result set. Examples of queries that generate a result set: SELECT, SHOW. The statistic will not be incremented if there is an error reading the result set header packet from the line.You may use it an an indirect measure for the number of queries PHP has sent to MySQL, for example, to identify a client that causes a high database load.
non_result_set_queriesConnectionNumber of queries that did not generate a result set. Examples of queries that do not generate a result set: INSERT, UPDATE, LOAD DATA, SHOW. The statistic will not be incremented if there is an error reading the result set header packet from the line.You may use it an an indirect measure for the number of queries PHP has sent to MySQL, for example, to identify a client that causes a high database load.
no_index_usedConnectionNumber of queries that have generated a result set but did not use an index (see also mysqld start option –log-queries-not-using-indexes). If you want these queries to be reported you can use mysqli_report(MYSQLI_REPORT_INDEX) to make ext/mysqli throw an exception. If you prefer a warning instead of an exception use mysqli_report(MYSQLI_REPORT_INDEX ^ MYSQLI_REPORT_STRICT). 
bad_index_usedConnectionNumber of queries that have generated a result set and did not use a good index (see also mysqld start option –log-slow-queries).If you want these queries to be reported you can use mysqli_report(MYSQLI_REPORT_INDEX) to make ext/mysqli throw an exception. If you prefer a warning instead of an exception use mysqli_report(MYSQLI_REPORT_INDEX ^ MYSQLI_REPORT_STRICT)
slow_queriesConnectionSQL statements that took more than long_query_time seconds to execute and required at least min_examined_row_limit rows to be examined.Not reported through mysqli_report
buffered_setsConnectionNumber of buffered result sets returned by “normal” queries. “Normal” means “not prepared statement” in the following notes.Examples of API calls that will buffer result sets on the client: mysql_query, mysqli_query, mysqli_store_result, mysqli_stmt_get_result. Buffering result sets on the client ensures that server resources are freed as soon as possible and it makes result set scrolling easier. The downside is the additional memory consumption on the client for buffering data. Note that mysqlnd (unlike the MySQL Client Library) respects the PHP memory limit because it uses PHP internal memory management functions to allocate memory. This is also the reason why memory_get_usage reports a higer memory consumption when using mysqlnd instead of the MySQL Client Library. memory_get_usage does not measure the memory consumption of the MySQL Client Library at all because the MySQL Client Library does not use PHP internal memory management functions monitored by the function!
unbuffered_setsConnectionNumber of unbuffered result sets returned by normal (non prepared statement) queries.Examples of API calls that will not buffer result sets on the client: mysqli_use_result
ps_buffered_setsConnectionNumber of buffered result sets returned by prepared statements. By default prepared statements are unbuffered.Examples of API calls that will not buffer result sets on the client: mysqli_stmt_store_result
ps_unbuffered_setsConnectionNumber of unbuffered result sets returned by prepared statements.By default prepared statements are unbuffered.
flushed_normal_setsConnectionNumber of result sets from normal (non prepared statement) queries with unread data which have been flushed silently for you. Flushing happens only with unbuffered result sets.Unbuffered result sets must be fetched completely before a new query can be run on the connection otherwise MySQL will throw an error. If the application does not fetch all rows from an unbuffered result set, mysqlnd does implicitly fetch the result set to clear the line. See also rows_skipped_normal, rows_skipped_ps. Some possible causes for an implicit flush:
  • Faulty client application

  • Client stopped reading after it found what it was looking for but has made MySQL calculate more records than needed

  • Client application has stopped unexpectedly

flushed_ps_setsConnectionNumber of result sets from prepared statements with unread data which have been flushed silently for you. Flushing happens only with unbuffered result sets.Unbuffered result sets must be fetched completely before a new query can be run on the connection otherwise MySQL will throw an error. If the application does not fetch all rows from an unbuffered result set, mysqlnd does implicitly fetch the result set to clear the line. See also rows_skipped_normal, rows_skipped_ps. Some possible causes for an implicit flush:
  • Faulty client application

  • Client stopped reading after it found what it was looking for but has made MySQL calculate more records than needed

  • Client application has stopped unexpectedly

ps_prepared_never_executedConnectionNumber of statements prepared but never executed.Prepared statements occupy server resources. You should not prepare a statement if you do not plan to execute it.
ps_prepared_once_executedConnectionNumber of prepared statements executed only one.One of the ideas behind prepared statements is that the same query gets executed over and over again (with different parameters) and some parsing and other preparation work can be saved, if statement execution is split up in separate prepare and execute stages. The idea is to prepare once and “cache” results, for example, the parse tree to be reused during multiple statement executions. If you execute a prepared statement only once the two stage processing can be inefficient compared to “normal” queries because all the caching means extra work and it takes (limited) server resources to hold the cached information. Consequently, prepared statements that are executed only once may cause performance hurts.
rows_fetched_from_server_normal, rows_fetched_from_server_psConnectionTotal number of result set rows successfully fetched from MySQL regardless if the client application has consumed them or not. Some of the rows may not have been fetched by the client application but have been flushed implicitly.See also packets_received_rset_row
rows_buffered_from_client_normal, rows_buffered_from_client_psConnectionTotal number of succesfully buffered rows originating from a "normal" query or a prepared statement. This is the number of rows that have been fetched from MySQL and buffered on client. Note that there are two distinct statistics on rows that have been buffered (MySQL to mysqlnd internal buffer) and buffered rows that have been fetched by the client application (mysqlnd internal buffer to client application). If the number of buffered rows is higher than the number of fetched buffered rows it can mean that the client application runs queries that cause larger result sets than needed resulting in rows not read by the client.Examples of queries that will buffer results: mysqli_query, mysqli_store_result
rows_fetched_from_client_normal_buffered, rows_fetched_from_client_ps_bufferedConnectionTotal number of rows fetched by the client from a buffered result set created by a normal query or a prepared statement. 
rows_fetched_from_client_normal_unbuffered, rows_fetched_from_client_ps_unbufferedConnectionTotal number of rows fetched by the client from a unbuffered result set created by a "normal" query or a prepared statement. 
rows_fetched_from_client_ps_cursorConnectionTotal number of rows fetch by the client from a cursor created by a prepared statement. 
rows_skipped_normal, rows_skipped_psConnectionReserved for future use (currently not supported) 
copy_on_write_saved, copy_on_write_performedProcessWith mysqlnd, variables returned by the extensions point into mysqlnd internal network result buffers. If you do not change the variables, fetched data will be kept only once in memory. If you change the variables, mysqlnd has to perform a copy-on-write to protect the internal network result buffers from being changed. With the MySQL Client Library you always hold fetched data twice in memory. Once in the internal MySQL Client Library buffers and once in the variables returned by the extensions. In theory mysqlnd can save up to 40% memory. However, note that the memory saving cannot be measured using memory_get_usage. 
explicit_free_result, implicit_free_resultConnection, Process (only during prepared statement cleanup)Total number of freed result sets.The free is always considered explicit but for result sets created by an init command, for example, mysqli_options(MYSQLI_INIT_COMMAND , ...)
proto_text_fetched_null, proto_text_fetched_bit, proto_text_fetched_tinyint proto_text_fetched_short, proto_text_fetched_int24, proto_text_fetched_int proto_text_fetched_bigint, proto_text_fetched_decimal, proto_text_fetched_float proto_text_fetched_double, proto_text_fetched_date, proto_text_fetched_year proto_text_fetched_time, proto_text_fetched_datetime, proto_text_fetched_timestamp proto_text_fetched_string, proto_text_fetched_blob, proto_text_fetched_enum proto_text_fetched_set, proto_text_fetched_geometry, proto_text_fetched_otherConnectionTotal number of columns of a certain type fetched from a normal query (MySQL text protocol).Mapping from C API / MySQL meta data type to statistics name:
  • MYSQL_TYPE_NULL - proto_text_fetched_null

  • MYSQL_TYPE_BIT - proto_text_fetched_bit

  • MYSQL_TYPE_TINY - proto_text_fetched_tinyint

  • MYSQL_TYPE_SHORT - proto_text_fetched_short

  • MYSQL_TYPE_INT24 - proto_text_fetched_int24

  • MYSQL_TYPE_LONG - proto_text_fetched_int

  • MYSQL_TYPE_LONGLONG - proto_text_fetched_bigint

  • MYSQL_TYPE_DECIMAL, MYSQL_TYPE_NEWDECIMAL - proto_text_fetched_decimal

  • MYSQL_TYPE_FLOAT - proto_text_fetched_float

  • MYSQL_TYPE_DOUBLE - proto_text_fetched_double

  • MYSQL_TYPE_DATE, MYSQL_TYPE_NEWDATE - proto_text_fetched_date

  • MYSQL_TYPE_YEAR - proto_text_fetched_year

  • MYSQL_TYPE_TIME - proto_text_fetched_time

  • MYSQL_TYPE_DATETIME - proto_text_fetched_datetime

  • MYSQL_TYPE_TIMESTAMP - proto_text_fetched_timestamp

  • MYSQL_TYPE_STRING, MYSQL_TYPE_VARSTRING, MYSQL_TYPE_VARCHAR - proto_text_fetched_string

  • MYSQL_TYPE_TINY_BLOB, MYSQL_TYPE_MEDIUM_BLOB, MYSQL_TYPE_LONG_BLOB, MYSQL_TYPE_BLOB - proto_text_fetched_blob

  • MYSQL_TYPE_ENUM - proto_text_fetched_enum

  • MYSQL_TYPE_SET - proto_text_fetched_set

  • MYSQL_TYPE_GEOMETRY - proto_text_fetched_geometry

  • Any MYSQL_TYPE_* not listed before (there should be none) - proto_text_fetched_other

Note that the MYSQL_*-type constants may not be associated with the very same SQL column types in every version of MySQL.

proto_binary_fetched_null, proto_binary_fetched_bit, proto_binary_fetched_tinyint proto_binary_fetched_short, proto_binary_fetched_int24, proto_binary_fetched_int, proto_binary_fetched_bigint, proto_binary_fetched_decimal, proto_binary_fetched_float, proto_binary_fetched_double, proto_binary_fetched_date, proto_binary_fetched_year, proto_binary_fetched_time, proto_binary_fetched_datetime, proto_binary_fetched_timestamp, proto_binary_fetched_string, proto_binary_fetched_blob, proto_binary_fetched_enum, proto_binary_fetched_set, proto_binary_fetched_geometry, proto_binary_fetched_otherConnectionTotal number of columns of a certain type fetched from a prepared statement (MySQL binary protocol).For type mapping see proto_text_* above.

Connection

StatisticScopeDescriptionNotes
connect_success, connect_failureConnectionTotal number of successful / failed connection attempt.Reused connections and all other kinds of connections are included.
reconnectProcessTotal number of (real_)connect attempts made on an already opened connection handle.The code sequence $link = new mysqli(...); $link->real_connect(...) will cause a reconnect. But $link = new mysqli(...); $link->connect(...) will not because $link->connect(...) will explicitly close the existing connection before a new connection is established.
pconnect_successConnectionTotal number of successful persistent connection attempts.Note that connect_success holds the sum of successful persistent and non-persistent connection attempts. The number of successful non-persistent connection attempts is connect_success - pconnect_success.
active_connectionsConnectionTotal number of active persistent and non-persistent connections. 
active_persistent_connectionsConnectionTotal number of active persistent connections.The total number of active non-persistent connections is active_connections - active_persistent_connections.
explicit_closeConnectionTotal number of explicitly closed connections (ext/mysqli only).Examples of code snippets that cause an explicit close :
$link = new mysqli(...); $link->close(...)
$link = new mysqli(...); $link->connect(...)

implicit_closeConnectionTotal number of implicitly closed connections (ext/mysqli only).Examples of code snippets that cause an implicit close :
  • $link = new mysqli(...); $link->real_connect(...)

  • unset($link)

  • Persistent connection: pooled connection has been created with real_connect and there may be unknown options set - close implicitly to avoid returning a connection with unknown options

  • Persistent connection: ping/change_user fails and ext/mysqli closes the connection

  • end of script execution: close connections that have not been closed by the user

disconnect_closeConnectionConnection failures indicated by the C API call mysql_real_connect during an attempt to establish a connection.It is called disconnect_close because the connection handle passed to the C API call will be closed.
in_middle_of_command_closeProcessA connection has been closed in the middle of a command execution (outstanding result sets not fetched, after sending a query and before retrieving an answer, while fetching data, while transferring data with LOAD DATA).Unless you use asynchronous queries this should only happen if your script stops unexpectedly and PHP shuts down the connections for you.
init_command_executed_countConnectionTotal number of init command executions, for example, mysqli_options(MYSQLI_INIT_COMMAND , ...).The number of successful executions is init_command_executed_count - init_command_failed_count.
init_command_failed_countConnectionTotal number of failed init commands. 

COM_* Commands

StatisticScopeDescriptionNotes
com_quit, com_init_db, com_query, com_field_list, com_create_db, com_drop_db, com_refresh, com_shutdown, com_statistics, com_process_info, com_connect, com_process_kill, com_debug, com_ping, com_time, com_delayed_insert, com_change_user, com_binlog_dump, com_table_dump, com_connect_out, com_register_slave, com_stmt_prepare, com_stmt_execute, com_stmt_send_long_data, com_stmt_close, com_stmt_reset, com_stmt_set_option, com_stmt_fetch, com_daemonConnectionTotal number of attempts to send a certain COM_* command from PHP to MySQL.

The statistics are incremented after checking the line and immediately before sending the corresponding MySQL client server protocol packet. If mysqlnd fails to send the packet over the wire the statistics will not be decremented. In case of a failure mysqlnd emits a PHP warning “Error while sending %s packet. PID=%d.

Usage examples:

  • Check if PHP sends certain commands to MySQL, for example, check if a client sends COM_PROCESS_KILL

  • Calculate the average number of prepared statement executions by comparing COM_EXECUTE with COM_PREPARE

  • Check if PHP has run any non-prepared SQL statements by checking if COM_QUERY is zero

  • Identify PHP scripts that run an excessive number of SQL statements by checking COM_QUERY and COM_EXECUTE

Miscellaneous

StatisticScopeDescriptionNotes
explicit_stmt_close, implicit_stmt_closeProcessTotal number of close prepared statements.A close is always considered explicit but for a failed prepare.
mem_emalloc_count, mem_emalloc_ammount, mem_ecalloc_count, mem_ecalloc_ammount, mem_erealloc_count, mem_erealloc_ammount, mem_efree_count, mem_malloc_count, mem_malloc_ammount, mem_calloc_count, mem_calloc_ammount, mem_realloc_count, mem_realloc_ammount, mem_free_countProcessMemory management calls.Development only.
command_buffer_too_smallConnectionNumber of network command buffer extensions while sending commands from PHP to MySQL.

mysqlnd allocates an internal command/network buffer of mysqlnd.net_cmd_buffer_size (php.ini) bytes for every connection. If a MySQL Client Server protocol command, for example, COM_QUERY (normal query), does not fit into the buffer, mysqlnd will grow the buffer to what is needed for sending the command. Whenever the buffer gets extended for one connection command_buffer_too_small will be incremented by one.

If mysqlnd has to grow the buffer beyond its initial size of mysqlnd.net_cmd_buffer_size (php.ini) bytes for almost every connection, you should consider to increase the default size to avoid re-allocations.

The default buffer size is 2048 bytes in PHP 5.3.0. In future versions the default will be 4kB or larger. The default can changed either through the php.ini setting mysqlnd.net_cmd_buffer_size or using mysqli_options(MYSQLI_OPT_NET_CMD_BUFFER_SIZE, int size).

It is recommended to set the buffer size to no less than 4096 bytes because mysqlnd also uses it when reading certain communication packet from MySQL. In PHP 5.3.0, mysqlnd will not grow the buffer if MySQL sends a packet that is larger than the current size of the buffer. As a consequence mysqlnd is unable to decode the packet and the client application will get an error. There are only two situations when the packet can be larger than the 2048 bytes default of mysqlnd.net_cmd_buffer_size in PHP 5.3.0: the packet transports a very long error message or the packet holds column meta data from COM_LIST_FIELD (mysql_list_fields) and the meta data comes from a string column with a very long default value (>1900 bytes). No bug report on this exists - it should happen rarely.

As of PHP 5.3.2 mysqlnd does not allow setting buffers smaller than 4096 bytes.

connection_reused   

20.9.3.6. Notes

Copyright 1997-2008 the PHP Documentation Group.

This section provides a collection of miscellaneous notes on MySQL Native Driver usage.

  • In the case where you pass a statement to mysqli_query that is longer than max_allowed_packet of the server, the returned error codes are different depending on whether you are using MySQL Native Driver (mysqlnd) or MySQL Client Library (libmysql). The behavior is as follows:

    • mysqlnd on Linux returns an error code of 1153. The error message means “got a packet bigger than max_allowed_packet bytes”.

    • mysqlnd on Windows returns an error code 2006. This error message means “server has gone away”.

    • libmysql on all platforms returns an error code 2006. This error message means “server has gone away”.

    The same thing happens with mysqli_stmt_prepare.

20.9.4. MySQL Functions (PDO_MYSQL)

Copyright 1997-2008 the PHP Documentation Group.

PDO_MYSQL is a driver that implements the PHP Data Objects (PDO) interface to enable access from PHP to MySQL 3.x, 4.x and 5.x databases.

PDO_MYSQL will take advantage of native prepared statement support present in MySQL 4.1 and higher. If you're using an older version of the mysql client libraries, PDO will emulate them for you.

Warning

Beware: Some MySQL table types (storage engines) do not support transactions. When writing transactional database code using a table type that does not support transactions, MySQL will pretend that a transaction was initiated successfully. In addition, any DDL queries issued will implicitly commit any pending transactions.

The constants below are defined by this driver, and will only be available when the extension has been either compiled into PHP or dynamically loaded at runtime. In addition, these driver-specific constants should only be used if you are using this driver. Using driver-specific attributes with another driver may result in unexpected behaviour. PDO::getAttribute may be used to obtain the PDO_ATTR_DRIVER_NAME attribute to check the driver, if your code can run against multiple drivers.

PDO::MYSQL_ATTR_USE_BUFFERED_QUERY (integer)

If this attribute is set to TRUE on a PDOStatement, the MySQL driver will use the buffered versions of the MySQL API. If you're writing portable code, you should use PDOStatement::fetchAll instead.

Example 20.203. Forcing queries to be buffered in mysql

<?php
if ($db->getAttribute(PDO::ATTR_DRIVER_NAME) == 'mysql') {
    $stmt = $db->prepare('select * from foo',
        array(PDO::MYSQL_ATTR_USE_BUFFERED_QUERY => true));
} else {
    die("my application only works with mysql; I should use \$stmt->fetchAll() instead");
}
?>

      

PDO::MYSQL_ATTR_LOCAL_INFILE (integer)

Enable LOAD LOCAL INFILE.

PDO::MYSQL_ATTR_INIT_COMMAND (integer)

Command to execute when connecting to the MySQL server. Will automatically be re-executed when reconnecting.

PDO::MYSQL_ATTR_READ_DEFAULT_FILE (integer)

Read options from the named option file instead of from my.cnf. This option is not available if mysqlnd is used, because mysqlnd does not read the mysql configuration files.

PDO::MYSQL_ATTR_READ_DEFAULT_GROUP (integer)

Read options from the named group from my.cnf or the file specified with MYSQL_READ_DEFAULT_FILE . This option is not available if mysqlnd is used, because mysqlnd does not read the mysql configuration files.

PDO::MYSQL_ATTR_MAX_BUFFER_SIZE (integer)

Maximum buffer size. Defaults to 1 MiB.

PDO::MYSQL_ATTR_DIRECT_QUERY (integer)

Perform direct queries, don't use prepared statements.

20.9.4.1. PDO_MYSQL DSN

Copyright 1997-2008 the PHP Documentation Group.

  • PDO_MYSQL DSN

    Connecting to MySQL databases

Description

The PDO_MYSQL Data Source Name (DSN) is composed of the following elements:

DSN prefix

The DSN prefix is mysql:.

host

The hostname on which the database server resides.

port

The port number where the database server is listening.

dbname

The name of the database.

unix_socket

The MySQL Unix socket (shouldn't be used with host or port).

Examples

Example 20.204. PDO_MYSQL DSN examples

The following example shows a PDO_MYSQL DSN for connecting to MySQL databases:

mysql:host=localhost;dbname=testdb

       

More complete examples:

mysql:host=localhost;port=3307;dbname=testdb
mysql:unix_socket=/tmp/mysql.sock;dbname=testdb

       

20.9.5. Connector/PHP

The MySQL Connector/PHP is a version of the mysql and mysqli extensions for PHP optimized for the Windows operating system. Later versions of the main PHP mysql/mysqli drivers are compatible with Windows and a separate, Windows specific driver is no longer required.

For PHP for all platforms, including Windows, you should use the mysql or mysqli extensions shipped with the PHP sources. See Section 20.9, “MySQL PHP API”.

20.9.6. Common Problems with MySQL and PHP

  • Error: Maximum Execution Time Exceeded: This is a PHP limit; go into the php.ini file and set the maximum execution time up from 30 seconds to something higher, as needed. It is also not a bad idea to double the RAM allowed per script to 16MB instead of 8MB.

  • Fatal error: Call to unsupported or undefined function mysql_connect() in ...: This means that your PHP version isn't compiled with MySQL support. You can either compile a dynamic MySQL module and load it into PHP or recompile PHP with built-in MySQL support. This process is described in detail in the PHP manual.

  • Error: Undefined reference to 'uncompress': This means that the client library is compiled with support for a compressed client/server protocol. The fix is to add -lz last when linking with -lmysqlclient.

  • Error: Client does not support authentication protocol: This is most often encountered when trying to use the older mysql extension with MySQL 4.1.1 and later. Possible solutions are: downgrade to MySQL 4.0; switch to PHP 5 and the newer mysqli extension; or configure the MySQL server with --old-passwords. (See Section B.5.2.4, “Client does not support authentication protocol, for more information.)

Those with PHP4 legacy code can make use of a compatibility layer for the old and new MySQL libraries, such as this one: http://www.coggeshall.org/oss/mysql2i.

20.9.7. Enabling Both mysql and mysqli in PHP

If you're experiencing problems with enabling both the mysql and the mysqli extension when building PHP on Linux yourself, you should try the following procedure.

  1. Configure PHP like this:

    ./configure --with-mysqli=/usr/bin/mysql_config --with-mysql=/usr
    

  2. Edit the Makefile and search for a line that starts with EXTRA_LIBS. It might look like this (all on one line):

    EXTRA_LIBS = -lcrypt -lcrypt -lmysqlclient -lz -lresolv -lm -ldl -lnsl
    -lxml2 -lz -lm -lxml2 -lz -lm -lmysqlclient -lz -lcrypt -lnsl -lm
    -lxml2 -lz -lm -lcrypt -lxml2 -lz -lm -lcrypt
    

    Remove all duplicates, so that the line looks like this (all on one line):

    EXTRA_LIBS = -lcrypt -lcrypt -lmysqlclient -lz -lresolv -lm -ldl -lnsl
    -lxml2
    

  3. Build and install PHP:

    make
    make install
    

MySQL Enterprise MySQL Enterprise subscribers will find more information about the mysqli extension in the Knowledge Base articles found at mysqli. Access to the MySQL Knowledge Base collection of articles is one of the advantages of subscribing to MySQL Enterprise. For more information, see http://www.mysql.com/products/enterprise/advisors.html.

20.10. MySQL Perl API

The Perl DBI module provides a generic interface for database access. You can write a DBI script that works with many different database engines without change. To use DBI, you must install the DBI module, as well as a DataBase Driver (DBD) module for each type of server you want to access. For MySQL, this driver is the DBD::mysql module.

Perl DBI is the recommended Perl interface. It replaces an older interface called mysqlperl, which should be considered obsolete.

Installation instructions for Perl DBI support are given in Section 2.21, “Perl Installation Notes”.

DBI information is available at the command line, online, or in printed form:

  • Once you have the DBI and DBD::mysql modules installed, you can get information about them at the command line with the perldoc command:

    shell> perldoc DBI
    shell> perldoc DBI::FAQ
    shell> perldoc DBD::mysql
    

    You can also use pod2man, pod2html, and so forth to translate this information into other formats.

  • For online information about Perl DBI, visit the DBI Web site, http://dbi.perl.org/. That site hosts a general DBI mailing list. Sun Microsystems, Inc. hosts a list specifically about DBD::mysql; see Section 1.6.1, “MySQL Mailing Lists”.

  • For printed information, the official DBI book is Programming the Perl DBI (Alligator Descartes and Tim Bunce, O'Reilly & Associates, 2000). Information about the book is available at the DBI Web site, http://dbi.perl.org/.

    For information that focuses specifically on using DBI with MySQL, see MySQL and Perl for the Web (Paul DuBois, New Riders, 2001). This book's Web site is http://www.kitebird.com/mysql-perl/.

20.11. MySQL C++ API

MySQL++ is a MySQL API for C++. Warren Young has taken over this project. More information can be found at http://tangentsoft.net/mysql++/doc.

MySQL Enterprise MySQL Enterprise subscribers will find more information about using C++ with the MySQL API in the MySQL Knowledge Base. articles found at C++. Access to the MySQL Knowledge Base collection of articles is one of the advantages of subscribing to MySQL Enterprise. For more information, see http://www.mysql.com/products/enterprise/advisors.html.

20.12. MySQL Python API

MySQLdb provides MySQL support for Python, compliant with the Python DB API version 2.0. It can be found at http://sourceforge.net/projects/mysql-python/.

MySQL Enterprise MySQL Enterprise subscribers will find more information about using Python with the MySQL API in the MySQL Knowledge Base articles found at Python. Access to the MySQL Knowledge Base collection of articles is one of the advantages of subscribing to MySQL Enterprise. For more information, see http://www.mysql.com/products/enterprise/advisors.html.

20.13. MySQL Ruby APIs

Two APIs available for Ruby programmers. The MySQL/Ruby API is based on the libmysql API library. The Ruby/MySQL API is written to use the native MySQL network protocol (a native driver).

For more information on Ruby, see Ruby Programming Language.

For information on installing and using the MySQL/Ruby API, see Section 20.13.1, “The MySQL/Ruby API”.

For information on installing and using the Ruby/MySQL API, see Section 20.13.2, “The Ruby/MySQL API”.

20.13.1. The MySQL/Ruby API

The MySQL/Ruby module provides access to MySQL databases using Ruby through libmysql.

For information on installing the module, and the functions exposed, see MySQL/Ruby.

20.13.2. The Ruby/MySQL API

The Ruby/MySQL module provides access to MySQL databases using Ruby through a native driver interface using the MySQL network protocol.

For information on installing the module, and the functions exposed, see Ruby/MySQL.

20.14. MySQL Tcl API

MySQLtcl is a simple API for accessing a MySQL database server from the Tcl programming language. It can be found at http://www.xdobry.de/mysqltcl/.

20.15. MySQL Eiffel Wrapper

Eiffel MySQL is an interface to the MySQL database server using the Eiffel programming language, written by Michael Ravits. It can be found at http://efsa.sourceforge.net/archive/ravits/mysql.htm.




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